The Evolution of Carbon Nanotube Network Structure in Unidirectional Nanocomposites Resolved by Quantitative Electron Tomography

ACS Nano

Volumn 9, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 6050-6058

  Natarajan, Bharath ^a,b   Lachman, Noa ^c   Lam, Thomas ^a   Jacobs, Douglas ^c   Long, Christian ^a,b   Zhao, Minhua ^a,d   Wardle, Brian L ^c   Sharma, Renu ^a   Liddle, J Alexander ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^c USA   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

carbon nanotubes; electron tomography; image analysis; nanocomposites; nanostructure

Indexed keywords

CARBON; CHARACTERIZATION; DISPERSIONS; ELECTRIC IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY; IMAGE ANALYSIS; MORPHOLOGY; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOTECHNOLOGY; REINFORCEMENT; TOMOGRAPHY; YARN;

CARBON NANOTUBE NETWORK; ELECTRON TOMOGRAPHY; HIGH VOLUME FRACTION; MULTI-FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS; NANOSCALE REINFORCEMENTS; PROCESS-STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIP; QUANTITATIVE INFORMATION; THREEDIMENSIONAL (3-D);

CARBON NANOTUBES;

EID: 84934987074     PISSN: 19360851     EISSN: 1936086X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b01044     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Pandey, G.; Thostenson, E. T. Carbon Nanotube-Based Multifunctional Polymer Nanocomposites Polym. Rev. 2012, 52, 355-416
2. Thostenson, E. T.; Chou, T.-W. Processing-Structure-Multi-Functional Property Relationship in Carbon Nanotube/Epoxy Composites Carbon 2006, 44, 3022-3029
3. Balazs, A. C.; Emrick, T.; Russell, T. P. Nanoparticle Polymer Composites: Where Two Small Worlds Meet Science 2006, 314, 1107-1110
4. Vaddiraju, S.; Cebeci, H.; Gleason, K. K.; Wardle, B. L. Hierarchical Multifunctional Composites by Conformally Coating Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays with Conducting Polymer ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2009, 1, 2565-2572
5. Fu, K.; Yildiz, O.; Bhanushali, H.; Wang, Y.; Stano, K.; Xue, L.; Zhang, X.; Bradford, P. D. Aligned Carbon Nanotube-Silicon Sheets: A Novel Nano-Architecture for Flexible Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 5109-5114
6. Cebeci, H.; Villoria, R. G. de; Hart, A. J.; Wardle, B. L. Multifunctional Properties of High Volume Fraction Aligned Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composites with Controlled Morphology Compos. Sci. Technol. 2009, 69, 2649-2656
7. Vigolo, B. Macroscopic Fibers and Ribbons of Oriented Carbon Nanotubes Science 2000, 290, 1331-1334
8. Koziol, K.; Vilatela, J.; Moisala, A.; Motta, M.; Cunniff, P.; Sennett, M.; Windle, A. High-Performance Carbon Nanotube Fiber Science 2007, 318, 1892-1895
9. Gonnet, P.; Liang, Z.; Choi, E. S.; Kadambala, R. S.; Zhang, C.; Brooks, J. S.; Wang, B.; Kramer, L. Thermal Conductivity of Magnetically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Buckypapers and Nanocomposites Curr. Appl. Phys. 2006, 6, 119-122
10. Wardle, B. L.; Saito, D. S.; Garcia, E. J.; Hart, A. J.; de Villoria, R. G.; Verploegen, E. A. Fabrication and Characterization of Ultrahigh-Volume-Fraction Aligned Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Composites Adv. Mater. 2008, 20, 2707-2714
11. Thostenson, E. T.; Chou, T.-W. Aligned Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Composites: Processing and Mechanical Characterization J. Phys. Appl. Phys. 2002, 35, L77-L80
12. García, E. J.; Hart, A. J.; Wardle, B. L.; Slocum, A. H. Fabrication and Nanocompression Testing of Aligned Carbon-Nanotube-Polymer Nanocomposites Adv. Mater. 2007, 19, 2151-2156
13. Huang, H.; Liu, C. H.; Wu, Y.; Fan, S. Aligned Carbon Nanotube Composite Films for Thermal Management Adv. Mater. 2005, 17, 1652-1656
14. Futaba, D. N.; Hata, K.; Yamada, T.; Hiraoka, T.; Hayamizu, Y.; Kakudate, Y.; Tanaike, O.; Hatori, H.; Yumura, M.; Iijima, S. Shape-Engineerable and Highly Densely Packed Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Their Application as Super-Capacitor Electrodes Nat. Mater. 2006, 5, 987-994
15. Lachman, N.; Xu, H.; Zhou, Y.; Ghaffari, M.; Lin, M.; Bhattacharyya, D.; Ugur, A.; Gleason, K. K.; Zhang, Q. M.; Wardle, B. L. Tailoring Thickness of Conformal Conducting Polymer Decorated Aligned Carbon Nanotube Electrodes for Energy Storage Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 1, 1400076
16. Hinds, B. J.; Chopra, N.; Rantell, T.; Andrews, R.; Gavalas, V.; Bachas, L. G. Aligned Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Membranes Science 2004, 303, 62-65
17. Marconnet, A. M.; Yamamoto, N.; Panzer, M. A.; Wardle, B. L.; Goodson, K. E. Thermal Conduction in Aligned Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Nanocomposites with High Packing Density ACS Nano 2011, 5, 4818-4825
18. Fisher, F. T.; Bradshaw, R. D.; Brinson, L. C. Effects of Nanotube Waviness on the Modulus of Nanotube-Reinforced Polymers Appl. Phys. Lett. 2002, 80, 4647-4649
19. Herasati, S.; Zhang, L. A New Method for Characterizing and Modeling the Waviness and Alignment of Carbon Nanotubes in Composites Compos. Sci. Technol. 2014, 100, 136-142
20. García, E. J.; Hart, A. J.; Wardle, B. L.; Slocum, A. H. Fabrication of Composite Microstructures by Capillarity-Driven Wetting of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes with Polymers Nanotechnology 2007, 18, 165602
21. Stein, I. Y.; Wardle, B. L. Morphology and Processing of Aligned Carbon Nanotube Carbon Matrix Nanocomposites Carbon 2014, 68, 807-813
22. Jinnai, H.; Spontak, R. J.; Nishi, T. Transmission Electron Microtomography and Polymer Nanostructures Macromolecules 2010, 43, 1675-1688
23. Ma, H.-Y.; Tong, L.-F.; Xu, Z.-B.; Fang, Z.-P. Functionalizing Carbon Nanotubes by Grafting on Intumescent Flame Retardant: Nanocomposite Synthesis, Morphology, Rheology, and Flammability Adv. Funct. Mater. 2008, 18, 414-421
24. Gojny, F. H.; Wichmann, M. H. G.; Fiedler, B.; Kinloch, I. A.; Bauhofer, W.; Windle, A. H.; Schulte, K. Evaluation and Identification of Electrical and Thermal Conduction Mechanisms in Carbon Nanotube/Epoxy Composites Polymer 2006, 47, 2036-2045
25. Midgley, P. A.; Dunin-Borkowski, R. E. Electron Tomography and Holography in Materials Science Nat. Mater. 2009, 8, 271-280
26. Van Tendeloo, G.; Bals, S.; Van Aert, S.; Verbeeck, J.; Van Dyck, D. Advanced Electron Microscopy for Advanced Materials Adv. Mater. 2012, 24, 5655-5675
27. Hindson, J. C.; Saghi, Z.; Hernandez-Garrido, J. C.; Midgley, P. A.; Greenham, N. C. Morphological Study of Nanoparticle-Polymer Solar Cells Using High-Angle Annular Dark-Field Electron Tomography Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 904-909
28. Kohjiya, S.; Katoh, A.; Shimanuki, J.; Hasegawa, T.; Ikeda, Y. Three-Dimensional Nano-Structure of in Situ Silica in Natural Rubber as Revealed by 3D-TEM/Electron Tomography Polymer 2005, 46, 4440-4446
29. Drummy, L. F.; Wang, Y. C.; Schoenmakers, R.; May, K.; Jackson, M.; Koerner, H.; Farmer, B. L.; Mauryama, B.; Vaia, R. A. Morphology of Layered Silicate-(Nanoclay-) Polymer Nanocomposites by Electron Tomography and Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Macromolecules 2008, 41, 2135-2143
30. Loos, J.; Sourty, E.; Lu, K.; Freitag, B.; Tang, D.; Wall, D. Electron Tomography on Micrometer-Thick Specimens with Nanometer Resolution Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 1704-1708
31. Loos, J.; Alexeev, A.; Grossiord, N.; Koning, C. E.; Regev, O. Visualization of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube (SWNT) Networks in Conductive Polystyrene Nanocomposites by Charge Contrast Imaging Ultramicroscopy 2005, 104, 160-167
32. Jinnai, H.; Spontak, R. J. Transmission Electron Microtomography in Polymer Research Polymer 2009, 50, 1067-1087
33. Reimer, L. Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron Microscopy Adv. Electron. Electron Phys. 1991, 81, 43-126
34. Grimm, R.; Typke, D.; Baumeister, W. Improving Image Quality by Zero-Loss Energy Filtering: Quantitative Assessment by Means of Image Cross-Correlation J. Microsc. 1998, 190, 339-349
35. Reimer, L.; Fromm, I.; Rennekamp, R. Operation Modes of Electron Spectroscopic Imaging and Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy in a Transmission Electron Microscope Ultramicroscopy 1988, 24, 339-354
36. Chen, D.; Goris, B.; Bleichrodt, F.; Mezerji, H. H.; Bals, S.; Batenburg, K. J.; de With, G.; Friedrich, H. The Properties of SIRT, TVM, and DART for 3D Imaging of Tubular Domains in Nanocomposite Thin-Films and Sections Ultramicroscopy 2014, 147C, 137-148
37. Frangakis, A. S.; Hegerl, R. Segmentation of Three-Dimensional Electron Tomographic Images. In Electron Tomography; Frank, J., Ed.; Springer: New York, 2006; pp 353-370.
38. Biermans, E.; Molina, L.; Batenburg, K. J.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G. Measuring Porosity at the Nanoscale by Quantitative Electron Tomography Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 5014-5019
39. Schneider, C. A.; Rasband, W. S.; Eliceiri, K. W. NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 Years of Image Analysis Nat. Methods 2012, 9, 671-675
40. Perona, P.; Malik, J. Scale-Space and Edge Detection Using Anisotropic Diffusion IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 1990, 12, 629-639
41. Wang, X. Y.; Lockwood, R.; Malac, M.; Furukawa, H.; Li, P.; Meldrum, A. Reconstruction and Visualization of Nanoparticle Composites by Transmission Electron Tomography Ultramicroscopy 2012, 113, 96-105
42. Midgley, P. A.; Weyland, M. 3D Electron Microscopy in the Physical Sciences: The Development of Z-Contrast and EFTEM Tomography Ultramicroscopy 2003, 96, 413-431
43. Kawase, N.; Kato, M.; Nishioka, H.; Jinnai, H. Transmission Electron Microtomography without the Missing Wedge for Quantitative Structural Analysis Ultramicroscopy 2007, 107, 8-15
44. Won, Y.; Gao, Y.; Panzer, M. A.; Xiang, R.; Maruyama, S.; Kenny, T. W.; Cai, W.; Goodson, K. E. Zipping, Entanglement, and the Elastic Modulus of Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2013, 110, 20426-20430
45. Coleman, J. N.; Khan, U.; Blau, W. J.; Gun'ko, Y. K. Small but Strong: A Review of the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Composites Carbon 2006, 44, 1624-1652
46. Doube, M.; Klosowski, M. M.; Arganda-Carreras, I.; Cordelières, F. P.; Dougherty, R. P.; Jackson, J. S.; Schmid, B.; Hutchinson, J. R.; Shefelbine, S. J. BoneJ: Free and Extensible Bone Image Analysis in ImageJ Bone 2010, 47, 1076-1079
47. Arganda-Carreras, I.; Fernández-González, R.; Munoz-Barrutia, A.; Ortiz-De-Solorzano, C. 3D Reconstruction of Histological Sections: Application to Mammary Gland Tissue Microsc. Res. Technol. 2010, 73, 1019-1029
48. Rezakhaniha, R.; Agianniotis, A.; Schrauwen, J. T. C.; Griffa, A.; Sage, D.; Bouten, C. V. C.; Van de Vosse, F. N.; Unser, M.; Stergiopulos, N. Experimental Investigation of Collagen Waviness and Orientation in the Arterial Adventitia Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol. 2012, 11, 461-473
49. Panzer, M. A.; Duong, H. M.; Okawa, J.; Shiomi, J.; Wardle, B. L.; Maruyama, S.; Goodson, K. E. Temperature-Dependent Phonon Conduction and Nanotube Engagement in Metalized Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Films Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 2395-2400
50. Fisher, F. T.; Bradshaw, R. D.; Brinson, L. C. Fiber Waviness in Nanotube-Reinforced Polymer Composites-I: Modulus Predictions Using Effective Nanotube Properties Compos. Sci. Technol. 2003, 63, 1689-1703
51. Cebeci, H.; Guzman de Villoria, R.; Jones, R.; Schulte, K.; Turkmen, H.; Wardle, B. In Effective Stiffness of Wavy Aligned Carbon Nanotubes for Modeling of Controlled-Morphology Polymer Nanocomposites; 53rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference 20th AIAA/ASME/AHS, Honolulu, HI, 23-26 April, 2012; American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics: Reston, VA, 2012.
52. Handlin, D.; Stein, I. Y.; de Villoria, R. G.; Cebeci, H.; Parsons, E. M.; Socrate, S.; Scotti, S.; Wardle, B. L. Three-Dimensional Elastic Constitutive Relations of Aligned Carbon Nanotube Architectures J. Appl. Phys. 2013, 114, 224310
53. Hart, A. J.; Slocum, A. H. Rapid Growth and Flow-Mediated Nucleation of Millimeter-Scale Aligned Carbon Nanotube Structures from a Thin-Film Catalyst J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 8250-8257
54. Ajayan, P. M.; Stephan, O.; Colliex, C.; Trauth, D. Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays Formed by Cutting a Polymer Resin-Nanotube Composite Science 1994, 265, 1212-1214