메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 381-389

Corneal confocal microscopy: Recent progress in the evaluation of diabetic neuropathy

Author keywords

Corneal confocal microscopy; Diabetic polyneuropathy; Small fibers

Indexed keywords

GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN;

EID: 84933671743     PISSN: 20401116     EISSN: 20401124     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12335     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (51)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 78651101592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetic neuropathies: update on definitions, diagnostic criteria, estimation of severity, and treatments
    • Tesfaye S, Boulton AJ, Dyck PJ, et al. Diabetic neuropathies: update on definitions, diagnostic criteria, estimation of severity, and treatments. Diabetes Care 2010; 33: 2285-2293.
    • (2010) Diabetes Care , vol.33 , pp. 2285-2293
    • Tesfaye, S.1    Boulton, A.J.2    Dyck, P.J.3
  • 2
    • 84921988900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of polyneuropathy in diabetes and prediabetes
    • Ziegler D, Papanas N, Vinik AI, et al. Epidemiology of polyneuropathy in diabetes and prediabetes. Handb Clin Neurol 2014; 126: 3-22.
    • (2014) Handb Clin Neurol , vol.126 , pp. 3-22
    • Ziegler, D.1    Papanas, N.2    Vinik, A.I.3
  • 3
    • 78650023662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New diagnostic tests for diabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy
    • Papanas N, Ziegler D. New diagnostic tests for diabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy. J Diabetes Complications 2011; 25: 44-51.
    • (2011) J Diabetes Complications , vol.25 , pp. 44-51
    • Papanas, N.1    Ziegler, D.2
  • 4
    • 84911962778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New vistas in the diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy
    • Papanas N, Ziegler D. New vistas in the diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy. Endocrine 2014; 47: 690-698.
    • (2014) Endocrine , vol.47 , pp. 690-698
    • Papanas, N.1    Ziegler, D.2
  • 5
    • 84903216018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early detection of nerve fiber loss by corneal confocal microscopy and skin biopsy in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes
    • Ziegler D, Papanas N, Zhivov A, et al. Early detection of nerve fiber loss by corneal confocal microscopy and skin biopsy in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2014; 63: 2454-2463.
    • (2014) Diabetes , vol.63 , pp. 2454-2463
    • Ziegler, D.1    Papanas, N.2    Zhivov, A.3
  • 6
    • 77953742471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Architecture and distribution of human corneal nerves
    • Al-Aqaba MA, Fares U, Suleman H, et al. Architecture and distribution of human corneal nerves. Br J Ophthalmol 2010; 94: 784-789.
    • (2010) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.94 , pp. 784-789
    • Al-Aqaba, M.A.1    Fares, U.2    Suleman, H.3
  • 7
    • 84880134726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corneal confocal microscopy: a new technique for early detection of diabetic neuropathy
    • Papanas N, Ziegler D. Corneal confocal microscopy: a new technique for early detection of diabetic neuropathy. Curr Diab Rep 2013; 13: 488-499.
    • (2013) Curr Diab Rep , vol.13 , pp. 488-499
    • Papanas, N.1    Ziegler, D.2
  • 8
    • 78651421800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased Langerhans cell density and corneal nerve damage in diabetic patients: role of immune mechanisms in human diabetic neuropathy
    • Tavakoli M, Boulton AJ, Efron N, et al. Increased Langerhans cell density and corneal nerve damage in diabetic patients: role of immune mechanisms in human diabetic neuropathy. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2011; 34: 7-11.
    • (2011) Cont Lens Anterior Eye , vol.34 , pp. 7-11
    • Tavakoli, M.1    Boulton, A.J.2    Efron, N.3
  • 9
    • 0037310973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo confocal microscopy of the human cornea
    • Jalbert I, Stapleton F, Papas E, et al. In vivo confocal microscopy of the human cornea. Br J Ophthalmol 2003; 87: 225-236.
    • (2003) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.87 , pp. 225-236
    • Jalbert, I.1    Stapleton, F.2    Papas, E.3
  • 10
    • 63649148290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo confocal microscopy, an inner vision of the cornea - a major review
    • Guthoff RF, Zhivov A, Stachs O. In vivo confocal microscopy, an inner vision of the cornea - a major review. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2009; 37: 100-117.
    • (2009) Clin Experiment Ophthalmol , vol.37 , pp. 100-117
    • Guthoff, R.F.1    Zhivov, A.2    Stachs, O.3
  • 11
    • 78649372030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo confocal microscopy of corneal nerves: analysis and clinical correlation
    • Cruzat A, Pavan-Langston D, Hamrah P. In vivo confocal microscopy of corneal nerves: analysis and clinical correlation. Semin Ophthalmol 2010; 25: 171-177.
    • (2010) Semin Ophthalmol , vol.25 , pp. 171-177
    • Cruzat, A.1    Pavan-Langston, D.2    Hamrah, P.3
  • 12
    • 67649649410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo confocal microscopy of human corneal nerves in health, in ocular and systemic disease, and following corneal surgery: a review
    • Patel DV, McGhee CN. In vivo confocal microscopy of human corneal nerves in health, in ocular and systemic disease, and following corneal surgery: a review. Br J Ophthalmol 2009; 93: 853-860.
    • (2009) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.93 , pp. 853-860
    • Patel, D.V.1    McGhee, C.N.2
  • 13
    • 33646908279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo confocal microscopy of the ocular surface
    • Zhivov A, Stachs O, Kraak R, et al. In vivo confocal microscopy of the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2006; 4: 81-93.
    • (2006) Ocul Surf , vol.4 , pp. 81-93
    • Zhivov, A.1    Stachs, O.2    Kraak, R.3
  • 14
    • 77957374364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automated software analysis of corneal micrographs for peripheral neuropathy
    • Holmes TJ, Pellegrini M, Miller C, et al. Automated software analysis of corneal micrographs for peripheral neuropathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010; 51: 4480-4491.
    • (2010) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.51 , pp. 4480-4491
    • Holmes, T.J.1    Pellegrini, M.2    Miller, C.3
  • 15
    • 84865098006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher magnification lenses versus conventional lenses for evaluation of diabetic neuropathy by corneal in vivo confocal microscopy
    • Hume DA, Lovblom LE, Ahmed A, et al. Higher magnification lenses versus conventional lenses for evaluation of diabetic neuropathy by corneal in vivo confocal microscopy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012; 97: e37-e40.
    • (2012) Diabetes Res Clin Pract , vol.97 , pp. e37-e40
    • Hume, D.A.1    Lovblom, L.E.2    Ahmed, A.3
  • 16
    • 76649084241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On-line mapping of corneal structures with in vivo laser scanning microscopy
    • Zhivov A, Guthoff R, Stachs O. On-line mapping of corneal structures with in vivo laser scanning microscopy. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2009; 226: 980-983.
    • (2009) Klin Monbl Augenheilkd , vol.226 , pp. 980-983
    • Zhivov, A.1    Guthoff, R.2    Stachs, O.3
  • 17
    • 77956590867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real-time mapping of the subepithelial nerve plexus by in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy
    • Zhivov A, Blum M, Guthoff R, et al. Real-time mapping of the subepithelial nerve plexus by in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy. Br J Ophthalmol 2010; 94: 1133-1135.
    • (2010) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.94 , pp. 1133-1135
    • Zhivov, A.1    Blum, M.2    Guthoff, R.3
  • 18
    • 80054790225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Image reconstruction of the subbasal nerve plexus with in vivo confocal microscopy
    • Allgeier S, Zhivov A, Eberle F, et al. Image reconstruction of the subbasal nerve plexus with in vivo confocal microscopy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52: 5022-5028.
    • (2011) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.52 , pp. 5022-5028
    • Allgeier, S.1    Zhivov, A.2    Eberle, F.3
  • 19
    • 84865446451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wide-field assessment of the human corneal subbasal nerve plexus in diabetic neuropathy using a novel mapping technique
    • Edwards K, Pritchard N, Gosschalk K, et al. Wide-field assessment of the human corneal subbasal nerve plexus in diabetic neuropathy using a novel mapping technique. Cornea 2012; 31: 1078-1082.
    • (2012) Cornea , vol.31 , pp. 1078-1082
    • Edwards, K.1    Pritchard, N.2    Gosschalk, K.3
  • 20
    • 77957576472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeatability of measuring corneal subbasal nerve fiber length in individuals with type 2 diabetes
    • Efron N, Edwards K, Roper N, et al. Repeatability of measuring corneal subbasal nerve fiber length in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Eye Contact Lens 2010; 36: 245-248.
    • (2010) Eye Contact Lens , vol.36 , pp. 245-248
    • Efron, N.1    Edwards, K.2    Roper, N.3
  • 21
    • 84876283254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeatability of in vivo corneal confocal microscopy to quantify corneal nerve morphology
    • Petropoulos IN, Manzoor T, Morgan P, et al. Repeatability of in vivo corneal confocal microscopy to quantify corneal nerve morphology. Cornea 2013; 32: e83-e89.
    • (2013) Cornea , vol.32 , pp. e83-e89
    • Petropoulos, I.N.1    Manzoor, T.2    Morgan, P.3
  • 22
    • 80053025888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproducibility of in vivo corneal confocal microscopy as a novel screening test for early diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy
    • Hertz P, Bril V, Orszag A, et al. Reproducibility of in vivo corneal confocal microscopy as a novel screening test for early diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Diabet Med 2011; 28: 1253-1260.
    • (2011) Diabet Med , vol.28 , pp. 1253-1260
    • Hertz, P.1    Bril, V.2    Orszag, A.3
  • 23
    • 84898714478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid automated diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with in vivo corneal confocal microscopy
    • Petropoulos IN, Alam U, Fadavi H, et al. Rapid automated diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with in vivo corneal confocal microscopy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55: 2071-2078.
    • (2014) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.55 , pp. 2071-2078
    • Petropoulos, I.N.1    Alam, U.2    Fadavi, H.3
  • 24
    • 84920192206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standardizing corneal nerve fibre length for nerve tortuosity increases its association with measures of diabetic neuropathy
    • Edwards K, Pritchard N, Vagenas D, et al. Standardizing corneal nerve fibre length for nerve tortuosity increases its association with measures of diabetic neuropathy. Diabet Med 2014; 31: 1205-1209.
    • (2014) Diabet Med , vol.31 , pp. 1205-1209
    • Edwards, K.1    Pritchard, N.2    Vagenas, D.3
  • 25
    • 0038353187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corneal confocal microscopy: a non-invasive surrogate of nerve fibre damage and repair in diabetic patients
    • Malik RA, Kallinikos P, Abbott CA, et al. Corneal confocal microscopy: a non-invasive surrogate of nerve fibre damage and repair in diabetic patients. Diabetologia 2003; 46: 683-688.
    • (2003) Diabetologia , vol.46 , pp. 683-688
    • Malik, R.A.1    Kallinikos, P.2    Abbott, C.A.3
  • 26
    • 0942265588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corneal nerve tortuosity in diabetic patients with neuropathy
    • Kallinikos P, Berhanu M, O'Donnell C, et al. Corneal nerve tortuosity in diabetic patients with neuropathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004; 45: 418-422.
    • (2004) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.45 , pp. 418-422
    • Kallinikos, P.1    Berhanu, M.2    O'Donnell, C.3
  • 27
    • 34547589982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surrogate markers of small fiber damage in human diabetic neuropathy
    • Quattrini C, Tavakoli M, Jeziorska M, et al. Surrogate markers of small fiber damage in human diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes 2007; 56: 2148-2154.
    • (2007) Diabetes , vol.56 , pp. 2148-2154
    • Quattrini, C.1    Tavakoli, M.2    Jeziorska, M.3
  • 28
    • 77957558519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corneal confocal microscopy: a novel noninvasive test to diagnose and stratify the severity of human diabetic neuropathy
    • Tavakoli M, Quattrini C, Abbott C, et al. Corneal confocal microscopy: a novel noninvasive test to diagnose and stratify the severity of human diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care 2010; 33: 1792-1797.
    • (2010) Diabetes Care , vol.33 , pp. 1792-1797
    • Tavakoli, M.1    Quattrini, C.2    Abbott, C.3
  • 29
    • 77950861716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corneal confocal microscopy: a novel means to detect nerve fibre damage in idiopathic small fibre neuropathy
    • Tavakoli M, Marshall A, Pitceathly R, et al. Corneal confocal microscopy: a novel means to detect nerve fibre damage in idiopathic small fibre neuropathy. Exp Neurol 2010; 223: 245-250.
    • (2010) Exp Neurol , vol.223 , pp. 245-250
    • Tavakoli, M.1    Marshall, A.2    Pitceathly, R.3
  • 30
    • 80052989427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corneal confocal microscopy detects improvement in corneal nerve morphology with an improvement in risk factors for diabetic neuropathy
    • Tavakoli M, Kallinikos P, Iqbal A, et al. Corneal confocal microscopy detects improvement in corneal nerve morphology with an improvement in risk factors for diabetic neuropathy. Diabet Med 2011; 28: 1261-1267.
    • (2011) Diabet Med , vol.28 , pp. 1261-1267
    • Tavakoli, M.1    Kallinikos, P.2    Iqbal, A.3
  • 31
    • 84872025537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corneal Confocal Microscopy detects early nerve regeneration in diabetic neuropathy after simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation
    • Tavakoli M, Mitu-Pretorian M, Petropoulos IN, et al. Corneal Confocal Microscopy detects early nerve regeneration in diabetic neuropathy after simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation. Diabetes 2013; 62: 254-260.
    • (2013) Diabetes , vol.62 , pp. 254-260
    • Tavakoli, M.1    Mitu-Pretorian, M.2    Petropoulos, I.N.3
  • 32
    • 84894885698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing skin biopsy with corneal confocal microscopy: diagnostic yield of nerve fibre density
    • Quattrini C, Tavakoli M, Kallinikos P, et al. Comparing skin biopsy with corneal confocal microscopy: diagnostic yield of nerve fibre density. Diabetologia 2010; 53(Suppl 1): A1114.
    • (2010) Diabetologia , vol.53 , pp. A1114
    • Quattrini, C.1    Tavakoli, M.2    Kallinikos, P.3
  • 33
    • 84876362687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropad and corneal confocal microscopy: new indications for human diabetic neuropathy
    • Tavakoli M, Quattrini C, Begum P, et al. Neuropad and corneal confocal microscopy: new indications for human diabetic neuropathy. Diabetologia 2010; 53(Suppl 1): A1112.
    • (2010) Diabetologia , vol.53 , pp. A1112
    • Tavakoli, M.1    Quattrini, C.2    Begum, P.3
  • 34
    • 84876909886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of common variation in the definition of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy on the validity of corneal in vivo confocal microscopy in patients with type 1 diabetes: a brief report
    • Halpern EM, Lovblom LE, Orlov S, et al. The impact of common variation in the definition of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy on the validity of corneal in vivo confocal microscopy in patients with type 1 diabetes: a brief report. J Diabetes Complications 2013; 27: 240-242.
    • (2013) J Diabetes Complications , vol.27 , pp. 240-242
    • Halpern, E.M.1    Lovblom, L.E.2    Orlov, S.3
  • 35
    • 84921342634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo corneal confocal microscopy as a novel non-invasive tool to investigate cardiac autonomic neuropathy in Type 1 diabetes
    • Maddaloni E, Sabatino F, Del Toro R, et al. In vivo corneal confocal microscopy as a novel non-invasive tool to investigate cardiac autonomic neuropathy in Type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 2015; 32: 262-266.
    • (2015) Diabet Med , vol.32 , pp. 262-266
    • Maddaloni, E.1    Sabatino, F.2    Del Toro, R.3
  • 36
    • 33750459910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphologic alterations of both the stromal and subbasal nerves in the corneas of patients with diabetes
    • Mocan MC, Durukan I, Irkec M, et al. Morphologic alterations of both the stromal and subbasal nerves in the corneas of patients with diabetes. Cornea 2006; 25: 769-773.
    • (2006) Cornea , vol.25 , pp. 769-773
    • Mocan, M.C.1    Durukan, I.2    Irkec, M.3
  • 37
    • 73149109785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corneal subbasal nerves changes in patients with diabetic retinopathy: an in vivo confocal study
    • De Cillà S, Ranno S, Carini E, et al. Corneal subbasal nerves changes in patients with diabetic retinopathy: an in vivo confocal study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50: 5155-5158.
    • (2009) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.50 , pp. 5155-5158
    • De Cillà, S.1    Ranno, S.2    Carini, E.3
  • 38
    • 77955556716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo confocal microscopy of corneal small fiber damage in diabetes mellitus
    • Messmer EM, Schmid-Tannwald C, Zapp D, et al. In vivo confocal microscopy of corneal small fiber damage in diabetes mellitus. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2010; 248: 1307-1312.
    • (2010) Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol , vol.248 , pp. 1307-1312
    • Messmer, E.M.1    Schmid-Tannwald, C.2    Zapp, D.3
  • 39
    • 84872399710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging and quantification of subbasal nerve plexus in healthy volunteers and diabetic patients with or without retinopathy
    • Zhivov A, Winter K, Hovakimyan M, et al. Imaging and quantification of subbasal nerve plexus in healthy volunteers and diabetic patients with or without retinopathy. PLoS One 2013; 8: e52157.
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8 , pp. e52157
    • Zhivov, A.1    Winter, K.2    Hovakimyan, M.3
  • 40
    • 84862104687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy by corneal confocal microscopy in type 1 diabetes: a concurrent validity study
    • Ahmed A, Bril V, Orszag A, et al. Detection of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy by corneal confocal microscopy in type 1 diabetes: a concurrent validity study. Diabetes Care 2012; 35: 821-828.
    • (2012) Diabetes Care , vol.35 , pp. 821-828
    • Ahmed, A.1    Bril, V.2    Orszag, A.3
  • 41
    • 0033823832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corneal structure and sensitivity in type 1 diabetes mellitus
    • Rosenberg ME, Tervo TM, Immonen IJ, et al. Corneal structure and sensitivity in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000; 41: 2915-2921.
    • (2000) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.41 , pp. 2915-2921
    • Rosenberg, M.E.1    Tervo, T.M.2    Immonen, I.J.3
  • 42
    • 33751072369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corneal diabetic neuropathy: a confocal microscopy study
    • Midena E, Brugin E, Ghirlando A, et al. Corneal diabetic neuropathy: a confocal microscopy study. J Refract Surg 2006; 22(9 Suppl): S1047-S1052.
    • (2006) J Refract Surg , vol.22 , Issue.9 Suppl , pp. S1047-S1052
    • Midena, E.1    Brugin, E.2    Ghirlando, A.3
  • 43
    • 84906795023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential reduction in corneal nerve fiber length in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Stem MS, Hussain M, Lentz SI, et al. Differential reduction in corneal nerve fiber length in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2014; 28: 658-661.
    • (2014) J Diabetes Complications , vol.28 , pp. 658-661
    • Stem, M.S.1    Hussain, M.2    Lentz, S.I.3
  • 44
    • 84865797940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of diabetic retinopathy and corneal neuropathy using confocal microscopy
    • Nitoda E, Kallinikos P, Pallikaris A, et al. Correlation of diabetic retinopathy and corneal neuropathy using confocal microscopy. Curr Eye Res 2012; 37: 898-906.
    • (2012) Curr Eye Res , vol.37 , pp. 898-906
    • Nitoda, E.1    Kallinikos, P.2    Pallikaris, A.3
  • 45
    • 84861221141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility of corneal confocal microscopy for assessing mild diabetic neuropathy: baseline findings of the LANDMark study
    • Edwards K, Pritchard N, Vagenas D, et al. Utility of corneal confocal microscopy for assessing mild diabetic neuropathy: baseline findings of the LANDMark study. Clin Exp Optom 2012; 95: 348-354.
    • (2012) Clin Exp Optom , vol.95 , pp. 348-354
    • Edwards, K.1    Pritchard, N.2    Vagenas, D.3
  • 46
    • 84891879310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corneal nerve loss detected with corneal confocal microscopy is symmetrical and related to the severity of diabetic polyneuropathy
    • Petropoulos IN, Alam U, Fadavi H, et al. Corneal nerve loss detected with corneal confocal microscopy is symmetrical and related to the severity of diabetic polyneuropathy. Diabetes Care 2013; 36: 3646-3651.
    • (2013) Diabetes Care , vol.36 , pp. 3646-3651
    • Petropoulos, I.N.1    Alam, U.2    Fadavi, H.3
  • 47
    • 84908604638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between sudomotor function, sweat gland duct size and corneal nerve fiber pathology in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Ishibashi F, Kojima R, Kawasaki A, et al. Correlation between sudomotor function, sweat gland duct size and corneal nerve fiber pathology in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Investig 2014; 5: 588-596.
    • (2014) J Diabetes Investig , vol.5 , pp. 588-596
    • Ishibashi, F.1    Kojima, R.2    Kawasaki, A.3
  • 48
    • 84916899007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural history of corneal nerve morphology in mild neuropathy associated with type 1 diabetes: development of a potential measure of diabetic peripheral neuropathy
    • Dehghani C, Pritchard N, Edwards K, et al. Natural history of corneal nerve morphology in mild neuropathy associated with type 1 diabetes: development of a potential measure of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55: 7982-7990.
    • (2014) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.55 , pp. 7982-7990
    • Dehghani, C.1    Pritchard, N.2    Edwards, K.3
  • 49
    • 84891823554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure-function relationship between corneal nerves and conventional small-fiber tests in type 1 diabetes
    • Sivaskandarajah GA, Halpern EM, Lovblom LE, et al. Structure-function relationship between corneal nerves and conventional small-fiber tests in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2013; 36: 2748-2755.
    • (2013) Diabetes Care , vol.36 , pp. 2748-2755
    • Sivaskandarajah, G.A.1    Halpern, E.M.2    Lovblom, L.E.3
  • 50
    • 35148826845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corneal confocal microscopy detects early nerve regeneration after pancreas transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes
    • Mehra S, Tavakoli M, Kallinikos PA, et al. Corneal confocal microscopy detects early nerve regeneration after pancreas transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007; 30: 2608-2612.
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , pp. 2608-2612
    • Mehra, S.1    Tavakoli, M.2    Kallinikos, P.A.3
  • 51
    • 84898820569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal assessment of neuropathy in type 1 diabetes using novel ophthalmic markers (LANDMark): study design and baseline characteristics
    • Pritchard N, Edwards K, Dehghani C, et al. Longitudinal assessment of neuropathy in type 1 diabetes using novel ophthalmic markers (LANDMark): study design and baseline characteristics. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014; 104: 248-256.
    • (2014) Diabetes Res Clin Pract , vol.104 , pp. 248-256
    • Pritchard, N.1    Edwards, K.2    Dehghani, C.3
  • 52
    • 84906675768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corneal confocal microscopy detects neuropathy in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance
    • Asghar O, Petropoulos IN, Alam U, et al. Corneal confocal microscopy detects neuropathy in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care 2014; 37: 2643-2646.
    • (2014) Diabetes Care , vol.37 , pp. 2643-2646
    • Asghar, O.1    Petropoulos, I.N.2    Alam, U.3
  • 53
    • 80054925161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropathy in prediabetes: does the clock start ticking early?
    • Papanas N, Vinik AI, Ziegler D. Neuropathy in prediabetes: does the clock start ticking early? Nat Rev Endocrinol 2011; 7: 682-690.
    • (2011) Nat Rev Endocrinol , vol.7 , pp. 682-690
    • Papanas, N.1    Vinik, A.I.2    Ziegler, D.3
  • 54
    • 84901452735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphometric stability of the corneal subbasal nerve plexus in healthy individuals: a 3-year longitudinal study using corneal confocal microscopy
    • Dehghani C, Pritchard N, Edwards K, et al. Morphometric stability of the corneal subbasal nerve plexus in healthy individuals: a 3-year longitudinal study using corneal confocal microscopy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55: 3195-3199.
    • (2014) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.55 , pp. 3195-3199
    • Dehghani, C.1    Pritchard, N.2    Edwards, K.3
  • 55
    • 84933684352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corneal confocal microscopy predicts 4-year incident peripheral neuropathy in type 1 diabetes
    • dc142114
    • Pritchard N, Edwards K, Russell AW, et al. Corneal confocal microscopy predicts 4-year incident peripheral neuropathy in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2015; pii: dc142114. doi: 10.2337/dc14-2114.
    • (2015) Diabetes Care
    • Pritchard, N.1    Edwards, K.2    Russell, A.W.3
  • 56
    • 84920019240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corneal confocal microscopy shows an improvement in small-fiber neuropathy in subjects with type 1 diabetes on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion compared with multiple daily injection
    • Azmi S, Ferdousi M, Petropoulos IN, et al. Corneal confocal microscopy shows an improvement in small-fiber neuropathy in subjects with type 1 diabetes on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion compared with multiple daily injection. Diabetes Care 2015; 38: e3-e4.
    • (2015) Diabetes Care , vol.38 , pp. e3-e4
    • Azmi, S.1    Ferdousi, M.2    Petropoulos, I.N.3
  • 57
    • 84965085480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ARA 290, a non-erythropoietic peptide engineered from erythropoietin, improves metabolic control and neuropathic symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Brines M, Dunne AN, Van Velzen M, et al. ARA 290, a non-erythropoietic peptide engineered from erythropoietin, improves metabolic control and neuropathic symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes. Mol Med 2014. doi: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00215.
    • (2014) Mol Med
    • Brines, M.1    Dunne, A.N.2    Van Velzen, M.3
  • 58
    • 84938999548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corneal confocal microscopy for the diagnosis of diabetic autonomic neuropathy
    • Tavakoli M, Begum P, McLaughlin J, et al. Corneal confocal microscopy for the diagnosis of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Muscle Nerve 2014. doi: 10.1002/mus.24553.
    • (2014) Muscle Nerve
    • Tavakoli, M.1    Begum, P.2    McLaughlin, J.3
  • 59
    • 78349238863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraepidermal nerve fiber density at the distal leg: a worldwide normative reference study
    • Lauria G, Bakkers M, Schmitz C, et al. Intraepidermal nerve fiber density at the distal leg: a worldwide normative reference study. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2010; 15: 202-207.
    • (2010) J Peripher Nerv Syst , vol.15 , pp. 202-207
    • Lauria, G.1    Bakkers, M.2    Schmitz, C.3
  • 60
    • 84933674859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normative values for corneal nerve morphology assessed using corneal confocal microscopy: a worldwide normative dataset
    • piidc142311
    • Tavakoli M, Ferdousi M, Petropoulos I, et al. Normative values for corneal nerve morphology assessed using corneal confocal microscopy: a worldwide normative dataset. Diabetes Care 2015; pii: dc142311. doi: 10.2337/dc14-2311.
    • (2015) Diabetes Care
    • Tavakoli, M.1    Ferdousi, M.2    Petropoulos, I.3
  • 61
    • 84876386614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The acceptability and feasibility of corneal confocal microscopy to detect early diabetic neuropathy in children: a pilot study
    • Sellers EA, Clark I, Tavakoli M, et al. The acceptability and feasibility of corneal confocal microscopy to detect early diabetic neuropathy in children: a pilot study. Diabet Med 2013; 30: 630-631.
    • (2013) Diabet Med , vol.30 , pp. 630-631
    • Sellers, E.A.1    Clark, I.2    Tavakoli, M.3
  • 62
    • 84952639690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corneal confocal microscopy for assessment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a meta-analysis
    • piibjophthalmol-2014-306038
    • HJiang MS, Yuan Y, Gu ZX, et al. Corneal confocal microscopy for assessment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a meta-analysis. Br J Ophthalmol 2015; pii: bjophthalmol-2014-306038. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-306038.
    • (2015) Br J Ophthalmol
    • HJiang, M.S.1    Yuan, Y.2    Gu, Z.X.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.