The European commission and bureaucratic autonomy: Europe's custodians

The European Commission and Bureaucratic Autonomy: Europe's Custodians

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 1-237

  Ellinas, Antonis A ^a   Suleiman, Ezra ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CYPRUS   (Cyprus)

^b PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84933506057     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781139150873     Document Type: Book

References (258)

1. Abbot, Kenneth and Duncan Snidal (1998). “Why States Act through Formal International Organizations, ” Journal of Conflict Resolution, 42 (3): 3–32.
2. Abélès, Marc, Irene Bellier, and Maryon McDonald (1993). “An Anthropological Approach to the European Commission, ” Unpublished Report.
3. Aberbach, Joel and Bert Rockman (1976). “Clashing Beliefs within the Executive Branch: The Nixon Administration Bureaucracy, ” American Political Science Review, 70 (2): 456–468.
4. Aberbach, Joel and Bert Rockman (2000). In the Web of Politics: Three Decades of the U.S. Federal Executive, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
5. Aberbach, Joel, Robert Putnam, and Bert Rockman (1981). Bureaucrats and Politicians in Western Democracies, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
6. Abromeit, Heidrun (1998). Democracy in Europe: Legitimizing Politics in a Non-State Polity, Oxford: Berghahn Books.
7. Allaire, Yvan and Mihaela Firsirotu (1984). “Theories of Organizational Culture, ” Organization Studies, 5 (3): 193–226.
8. Allison, Graham (1969). “Conceptual Models and the Cuban Missile Crisis, ” American Political Science Review, 63 (3): 689–718.
9. Alvesson, Mats (2002). Understanding Organizational Culture, London: Sage Publications.
10. Ascher, William (1983). “New Development Approaches and the Adaptability of International Agencies: The Case of the World Bank, ” International Organization, 37 (3): 415–439.
11. Aucoin, Peter (1990). “Administrative Reform in Public Management: Paradigms, Principles, Paradoxes and Pendulums, ” Governance, 3 (2): 115–137.
12. Barker, Rodney (2001). Legitimating Identities: The Self Presentation of Rulers and Subjects, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
13. Barker, Rodney (2003). “Legitimacy, Legitimation, and the European Union: What Crisis?” in Paul Craig, ed., Law and Administration in Europe: Essays in Honor of Carol Harlow, New York: Oxford University Press.
14. Barnett, Michael and Martha Finnemore (1999). “The Politics, Power and Pathologies of International Organizations, ” International Organization, 53 (4): 699–732.
15. Bauer, Michael (2007). “The Politics of Reforming the European Commission” in Michael Bauer and Christoph Knill, eds., Management Reforms in International Organizations, Baden- Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft.
16. Bauer, Michael, ed. (2008a). Reforming the European Commission, London: Routledge.
17. Bauer, Michael (2008b). “Diffuse Anxieties, Deprived Entrepreneurs: Commission Reform and Middle Management, ” Journal of European Public Policy, 15 (5): 691–707.
18. Bauer, Michael and Christoph Knill, eds. (2007). Management Reforms in International Organizations, Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft.
19. Beach, Derek (2005). The Dynamics of European Integration: Why and When EU Institutions Matter, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
20. Bellamy, Richard, Vittorio Bufacchi, and Dario Castiglione, eds. (1995). Democratic and Constitutional Change in the Union of Europe, London: Lothian Foundation Press.
21. Bellamy, Richard and Dario Castiglione (2003). “Legitimizing the Euro-Polity and Its Regime: The Normative Turn in EU Studies, ” European Journal of Political Theory, 2 (1): 7–34.
22. Bensam, Joseph (1979). “Max Weber's Concept of Legitimacy: An Evaluation” in Arthur Vidich, ed., Conflict and Control: Challenges to Legitimacy of Modern Governments, Beverley Hills, CA: Sage Publications. Best, Edward, Thomas Christiansen, and Pierpaolo Settembri, eds.
23. Bensam, Joseph (2008). The Institutions of the Enlarged European Union: Continuity and Change, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
24. Beyers, Jan (2005). “Multiple Embeddedness and Socialization in Europe: The Case of Council Ofi cials, ” International Organization, 59 (4): 899–936.
25. Beyers, Jan (2010). “Conceptual and Methodological Challenges in the Study of European Socialization, ” Journal of European Public Policy, 17 (6): 909–920.
26. Biesheuvel, Barend, Dell Edmund, and Robert Marjolin (1979). Report of the Three Wise Men to the European Council, November 30, Brussels.
27. Bomberg, Elizabeth, John Peterson, and Alexander Stubb (2008). The European Union: How Does It Work? New York: Oxford University Press, 2nd edition.
28. Bouwen, Pieter (2009). “The European Commission” in David Coen and Jeremy Richardson, eds., Lobbying the European Union: Institutions, Actors and Issues, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
29. Broscheid, Andreas and Daniel Coen (2003). “Insider and Outsider Lobbying of the European Commission: An Informational Model of Forum Politics, ” European Union Politics, 4 (2): 165–191.
30. Burnham, James (1945). The Managerial Revolution, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
31. Caporaso, James (1997). “Does the European Union Represent an n of 1? ” ECSA Review, 10 (3): 1–5.
32. Carpenter, Daniel (2001). The Forging of Bureaucratic Autonomy: Reputations, Networks, and Policy Innovation in Executive Agencies, 1862–1928, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
33. Carter, Caitriona and Andrew Scott (1998). “Legitimacy and Governance beyond the European Nation State: Conceptualizing Governance in the European Union, ” European Law Journal, 4 (4): 429–445.
34. Checkel, Jeffrey T. (2005) “International Institutions and Socialization in Europe: Introduction and Framework, ” International Organization, 59 (4): 801–826.
35. Christensen, Tom (1991). “Bureaucratic Roles: Political Loyalty and Professional Autonomy, ” Scandinavian Political Studies, 14 (4): 303–320.
36. Christiansen, Thomas (1997). “Legitimacy Dilemmas of Supranational Governance: The European Commission between Accountability and Independence, ” Working Paper RSC/97/74, European University Institute.
37. Christiansen, Thomas (1997). “Tensions of European Governance: Politicized Bureaucracy and Multiple Accountability in the European Commission, ” Journal of European Public Polic y, 4 (1): 73–90.
38. Christiansen, Thomas (2004). “The European Commission: The European Executive Between Continuity and Change” in Jeremy Richardson, ed., European Union: Power and Policymaking, London: Routledge.
39. Christoph, James B. (1993). “The Effects of Britons in Brussels: The European Community and the Culture of Whitehall, ” Governance, 6 (4): 518–537.
40. Cini, Michelle (1996). The European Commission: Leadership, Organization, and Culture in the EU Administration, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
41. Cini, Michelle (2000). “Administrative Culture in the European Commission: The Cases of Competition and Environment” in Neill Nugent, eds., At the Heart of the Union, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
42. Cini, Michelle (2004). “Norms, Culture and the Kinnock White Paper: The Theory and Practice of Cultural Change in the Reform of the Commission” in Dionyssis Dimitrakopoulos, ed., The Changing European Commission, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
43. Coen, David and Jeremy Richardson, eds. (2009). Lobbying the European Union: Institutions, Actors and Issues, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
44. Committee of Independent Experts (1999a). “First Report into Allegations Regarding Fraud, Mismanagement and Nepotism in the European Commission, ” March 15, Brussels.
45. Committee of Independent Experts (1999b). “Second Report on Reform of the Commission: Analysis of Current Practice and Proposals for Tackling Mismanagement, Irregularities and Fraud, ” September 10, Brussels.
46. Coombes, David (1970). Politics and Bureaucracy in the European Community: A Portrait of the European Commission, London: Allen and Unwin.
47. Cortell, Andrew P. and Susan Peterson (2006). “Dutiful Agents, Rogue Actors, or Both? Stafi ng, Voting Rules and Slack in the WHO and WTO” in Darren G. Hawkins, David A. Lake, Daniel L. Nielson, and Michael J. Tierney, eds., Delegation and Agency in International Organizations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
48. Cram, Laura (1993). “Calling the Tune without Paying the Piper? Social Policy Regulation: The Role of the Commission in European Community Social Policy, ” Policy and Politics, 21 (2): 135–146.
49. Cram, Laura (1999). “The Commission” in Laura Cram, Desmond Dinan and Neill Nugent, eds., Developments in the European Union, London: Macmillan.
50. Cram, Laura (2001). “Wither the Commission? Reform, Renewal and the Issue- Attention Cycle, ” Journal of European Public Policy, 8 (5): 770–786.
51. Crespy, Amandine (2010). “When ‘Bolkestein’ is trapped by the French anti-liberal discourse: a discursive-institutionalist account of preference formation in the realm of European Union multi-level politics, ” Journal of European Public Policy, 17 (8): 1253–1270.
52. Crozier, Michel (2010). The Bureaucratic Phenomenon, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
53. Curtin, Deidre and Morten Egeberg (2008). “Tradition and Innovation: Europe's Accumulated Executive Order, ” West European Politics, 31 (4): 639–661.
54. Dahl, Robert (1961). Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
55. Dahl, Robert (1977). Polyarchy: Government and Opposition, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
56. DeBurca, Grainne (1996). “The Quest for Legitimacy in the European Union, ” Modern Law Review, 59 (3): 349–376.
57. De Schoutheete, Philippe and Helen Wallace (2002). “The European Council, ” Paris: Notre Europe.
58. Dehousse, Renaud (2008). “Delegation of Powers in the European Union: The Need for a Multi-Principals Model, ” West European Politics, 31 (4): 789–805.
59. Derivry, Daniel (1975). “The Managers of Public Enterprises in France” in Mattei Dogan, ed., The Mandarins of Western Europe: The Political Role of Top Civil Servants, New York: John Wiley.
60. Dinan, Desmond (2005). Ever Closer Union: An Introduction to European Integration, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 3rd edition.
61. Dinan, Desmond (2006). “Governance and Institutional Developments: In the Shadow of the Constitutional Treaty, ” Journal of Common Market Studies, 44: 63–80.
62. Dimitrakopoulos, Dionyssis, ed. (2004). The Changing European Commission. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
63. Djilas, Milovan (1957). The New Class: An Analysis of the Communist System, New York: Praeger.
64. Dogan, Mattei, ed. (1975). The Mandarins of Western Europe: The Political Role of Top Civil Servants, New York: John Wiley.
65. Donnelly, Martin and Ella Ritchie (1997). “The College of the Commissioners and Their Cabinets” in David Spence, ed., The European Commission, London: Cartermill International, 2nd edition.
66. Donnelly, Brendan and Milena Bigatto (2008). “The European Parliament and Enlargement, ” in Edward Best, Thomas Christiansen, and Pierpaolo Settembri, eds. The Institutions of the Enlarged European Union: Continuity and Change, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
67. Downs, Anthony (1967). Inside Bureaucracy, Boston, MA: Little Brown and Company.
68. Dumoulin, Michel (2007). “Like Strangers in the City? European Ofi cials in Brussels” in Michel Dumoulin ed., The European Commission, 1958–72: History and Memories, Brussels: European Commission.
69. Dunleavy, Patrick (1991). Democracy, Bureaucracy and Public Choice: Economic Explanations in Political Science, New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
70. Dunn, Delmer (1997). Politics and Administration at the Top: Lessons from Down Under, Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
71. Edwards, Geoffrey (2006). “Introduction” in David Spence with Geoffrey Edwards, eds., The European Commission, London: John Harper, 3rd edition.
72. Edwards, Geoffrey and David Spence (1994). “The Commission in Perspective” in Geoffrey Edwards and David Spence, eds., The European Commission, Harlow: Longman.
73. Egeberg, Morten (1996). “Organization and Nationality in the European Commission Services, ” Public Administration, 74 (4): 721–735.
74. Egeberg, Morten (2006). Multilevel Union Administration: The Transformation of Executive Politics in Europe, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
75. Egeberg, Morten and Andreas Heskestad (2010). “The Denationalization of Cabinets in the European Commission, ” Journal of Common Market Studies, 48 (3): 775–786.
76. Ellinas, Antonis and Ezra Suleiman (2008). “Reforming the Commission: Between Modernization and Bureaucratization, ” Journal of European Public Policy, 15 (5): 708–725.
77. Ellinas, Antonis and Ezra Suleiman (2011). “Supranationalism in a Transnational Bureaucracy, ” Journal of Common Market Studies, 49 (5): 923–947.
78. Evans, Peter, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, and Theda Skocpol, eds. (1985). Bringing the State Back In, New York: Cambridge University Press.
79. European Commission (1990). The Commission's Approach to the Management of Resources, Sec (90) 1876 final, October 10, Brussels: European Commission.
80. European Commission (1998). General Report on the Activities of the European Union, 1997, Brussels: European Commission.
81. European Commission (1999). General Report on the Activities of the European Union, 1998, Brussels: European Commission.
82. European Commission (2000a). Reforming the Commission: A White Paper, Part I, COM(2000) 200 final/2.
83. European Commission (2000b). Reforming the Commission: A White Paper, Action Plan, Part II, Brussels: European Commission.
84. European Commission (2003). Progress Review of Reform, COM (2003) 40 final/2, February 7.
85. European Commission (2004). Completing the Reform Mandate: Progress Report and Measures to Be Implemented in 2004, COM (2004) 93 final, February 2.
86. Feldstein, Martin (1997). “EMU and International Conflict ”, Foreign Affairs, 76 (6): 60–73.
87. Ferguson, James (1990). The Anti-Politics Machine: “Development, ” Depoliticization and Bureaucratic Domination in Lesotho, New York: Cambridge University Press.
88. Fligstein, Neil (2008). Euro-Clash: The EU, European Identity, and the Future of Europe, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
89. Follesdal, Andreas and Simon Hix (2005). “Why There Is a Democratic Dei cit in Europe: A Response to Majone and Moravcsik, ” European Governance Papers, C-05–02.
90. Galbraith, John (1967). The New Industrial State, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
91. Genieys, William (2010). The New Custodians of The State: Programmatic Elites in French Society, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
92. Georgakakis, Didier (2008). “The European Civil Service as Group: Sociological Notes about the ‘Eurocrats’ Common Culture” in Joachim Beck and Franz Thedieck, eds., The European Dimension of Administrative Culture, Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft.
93. Gould, David J. and Herbert C. Kelman (1970). “Horizons of Research on the International Civil Service, ” Public Administration Review, 30 (3): 244–251.
94. Greenwood, Justin (2003). Interest Group Representation in the European Union, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
95. Grossman, Emiliano (2004). “Bringing Politics Back In: Rethinking the Role of Economic Interest Groups in European Integration, ” Journal of European Public Policy, 11 (4): 637–654.
96. Haas, Ernst (1961). “International Integration: The European and the Universal Process, ” International Organization, 15 (3): 366–392.
97. Haas, Ernst (2008). Beyond the Nation-State: Functionalism and International Organization, Colchester: ECPR Press.
98. Haftel, Yoram and Alexander Thompson (2006). “The Independence of International Organizations: Concept and Applications, ” Journal of Conflict Resolution, 50 (2): 253–275.
99. Hawkins, Darren G. and Wade Jacoby (2006). “How Agents Matter” in Darren G. Hawkins, David A. Lake, Daniel L. Nielson, and Michael J. Tierney, eds., Delegation and Agency in International Organizations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hawkins, Darren G., David A. Lake, Daniel L. Nielson, and Michael
100. J. Tierney, eds., (2006a). Delegation and Agency in International Organizations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
101. J. Tierney (2006b). “Delegation under Anarchy: States, International Organizations, and Principal-Agent Theory” in Darren G. Hawkins, David A. Lake, Daniel L. Nielson, and Michael J. Tierney, eds., Delegation and Agency in International Organizations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
102. Hay, Richard (1989). The European Commission and the Administration of the Community, Luxembourg: Ofi ce for Ofi cial Publications of the European Communities.
103. Heclo, Hugh (1974). Modern Social Politics in Britain and Sweden: From Relief to Income Maintenance, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
104. Heclo, Hugh (1977). A Government of Strangers: Executive Politics in Washington, Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.
105. Hill, Christopher and Michael Smith (2005). “Acting for Europe: Reassessing the European Union's Place in International Relations” in Christopher Hill and Michael Smith, eds., International Relations and the European Union, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
106. Hix, Simon (2002). “Parliamentary Behavior with Two Principals: Preferences, Parties, and Voting in the European Parliament, ” American Journal of Political Science, 46 (3): 688–698.
107. Hix, Simon and Christopher Lord (1997). Political Parties in the European Union, New York: St. Martin's.
108. Hix, Simon and Abdul Noury (2009), “After Enlargement: Voting Patterns in the Sixth European Parliament, ” Legislative Studies Quarterly, 34 (2): 159–174.
109. Hix, Simon, Abdul G. Noury, and Gérard Roland (2007). Democratic Politics in the European Parliament, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
110. Hoffman, Stanley (1966). “Obstinate or Obsolete? The Fate of the Nation- State and the Case of Western Europe, ” Daedalus, 95 (3): 862–915.
111. Hood, Christopher (1991). “A Public Management for all Seasons? ” Public Management, 69 (1): 3–19.
112. Hood, Christopher (1995). “Contemporary Public Management: A New Global Paradigm? ” Public Policy and Administration, 10 (2): 104–117.
113. Hood, Christopher and Martin Lodge (2004). “Competency, Bureaucracy, and Public Management Reform: A Comparative Analysis.” Governance, 17 (3): 313–333.
114. Hooghe, Liesbet (1999). “Supranational Activists or Intergovernmental Agents? Explaining the Orientations of Senior Commission Ofi cials towards European Integration, ” Comparative Political Studies, 32 (4): 435–463.
115. Hooghe, Liesbet (2001). The European Commission and the Integration of Europe: Images of Governance, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
116. Hooghe, Liesbet (2005). “Several Roads Lead to International Norms, but Few via International Socialization: A Case Study of the European Commission, ” International Organization, 59 (4): 861–898.
117. Hooghe, Liesbet and Gary Marks (2001). Multi-level Governance and European Integration, Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlei eld.
118. Horeth, Marcus (1999). “No Way Out of the Beast? The Unsolved Legitimacy Problem of European Governance, ” Journal of European Public Policy, 6 (2): 249–268.
119. Huber D., John and Charles R. Shipan (2002). Deliberate Discretion? The Institutional Foundations of Bureaucratic Autonomy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
120. Hull, Robert (1993). “Lobbying Brussels: A View from Within” in Sonia Mazey and Jeremy Richardson, eds., Lobbying in the European Community, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
121. Ikenberry, John (2001). After Victory: Institutions, Strategic Restraint, and the Rebuilding of Order after Major Wars, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
122. International Monetary Fund (2010). “Diversity Annual Report, ” Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.
123. Jabko, Nicolas (1999). “In the Name of the Market: How the European Commission Paved the Way for Monetary Union, ” Journal of European Public Policy, 6 (3): 475–495.
124. Karns, Margaret and Karen Mingst (2004). International Organization: The Politics and Processes of Global Governance, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
125. Kassim, Hussein (2004). “A Historic Accomplishment: The Prodi Commission and Administrative Reform” in Dionyssis Dimitrakopoulos, ed., The Changing European Commission, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
126. Kassim, Hussein (2008). “Mission Impossible but Mission Accomplished: The Kinnock Reforms and the European Commission, ” Journal of European Public Policy, 15 (5): 648–668.
127. Kassim, Hussein and Anand Menon (2003). “The Principle-Agent Approach and the Study of the European Union: Promise Unfuli lled? ” Journal of European Public Policy, 10 (1): 121–139.
128. Kassim, Hussein and Anand Menon (2004). “European Union Member States and the Prodi Commission” in Dionyssis G. Dimitrakopoulos, ed., The Changing European Commission, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
129. Kassim, Hussein, John Peterson, Michael Bauer, Renaud Dehousse, Liesbet Hooghe, and Andrew Thompson (forthcoming). The European Commission in Question, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
130. Kecskemeti, Paul (1961). The Unexpected Revolution: Social Forces in the Hungarian Uprising, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
131. Kelemen, Daniel R. (2002). “The Politics of ‘Eurocratic’ Structure and the New European Agencies, ” West European Politics, 25 (4): 93–118.
132. Kelemen, Daniel R. (2011). Eurolegalism: The Transformation of Law and Regulation in the European Union, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
133. Kelemen, Daniel and Andrew Tarrant (2011). “The Political Foundations of the Eurocracy, ” West European Politics, 34 (5): 922–947.
134. Keohane, Robert (1984). After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
135. Kettl, Donald (1995). “Building Lasting Reform: Enduring Questions, Missing Answers” in Donald Kettl and John DiIulio, eds., Inside the Reinvention Machine: Appraising Governmental Reform, Washington DC: The Brookings Institution.
136. Kettl, Donald and John DiIulio (1995). Cutting Government: A Report of the Brookings Center for Public Management, Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.
137. Kiewiet, Roderick and Mathew McCubbins (1991). The Logic of Delegation: Congressional Politics and the Appropriations Process, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
138. Kinnock, Niel (2004). “Reforming the European Commission: Organizational Challenges and Advances, ” Public Policy and Administration, 19 (3): 7–12.
139. Knill, Christoph (1999). “Explaining Cross-National Variance in Administrative Reform: Autonomous versus Instrumental Bureaucracies, ” Journal of Public Policy, 19 (2): 113–139.
140. Knill, Christoph and Timothy Balint (2008). “Explaining Variation in Organizational Change: The Reform of Human Resource Management in the European Commission and the OECD, ” Journal of European Public Policy, 15 (5): 669–690.
141. Lake, David A. and Mathew McCubbins (2006). “The Logic of Delegation to International Organizations” in Darren G. Hawkins, David A. Lake, Daniel L. Nielson, and Michael J. Tierney, eds., Delegation and Agency in International Organizations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
142. Larsson, Torbj ö rn and Jarle Trondal (2006). “Agenda Setting in the European Commission: How the European Commission Structure and Influence the EU Agenda” in Herwig Hofmann and Alexander Türk, eds., EU Administrative Governance, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
143. Levy, Roger (2006). “European Commission Overload and the Pathology of Management Reform: Garbage Cans, Rationality and Risk Aversion, ” Public Administration, 84 (2): 423–439.
144. Lewis, David (2008). The Politics of Presidential Appointments: Political Control and Bureaucratic Performance, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
145. Linz, Juan (1988). “Legitimacy of Democracy and the Socioeconomic System” in Mattei Dogan, ed., Comparing Pluralist Democracies: Strains on Legitimacy, Boulder, CO: Westview.
146. Lipset, Seymour Martin (1959). “Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy, ” American Political Science Review, 53 (1): 69–105.
147. Lipset, Seymour Martin (1960). Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics, New York: Doubleday.
148. Luhmann, Niklas and Renate Mayntz (1973). Personal im öffentlichen Dienst: Eintritt und Karrieren, Baden- Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft.
149. Lyne, Mona, Daniel Nielson, and Michael Tierney (2006). “Who Delegates? Alternative Models of Principals in Development Aid” in Darren G. Hawkins, David A. Lake, Daniel L. Nielson, and Michael J. Tierney, eds., Delegation and Agency in International Organizations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
150. Majone, Giandomenico (1994). “The Rise of the Regulatory State in Europe, ” West European Politics, 17 (3): 77–101.
151. Majone, Giandomenico (2001). “Two Logics of Delegation: Agency and Fiduciary Relations in EU Governance, ” European Union Politics, 2 (1): 103–122.
152. Majone, Giandomenico (2002). “Delegation of Regulatory Powers in a Mixed Polity, ” European Law Journal, 8 (3): 319–339.
153. Mandelson, Peter (2006). “Foreword” in David Spence with Geoffrey Edwards, eds., The European Commission, London: John Harper, 3rd edition.
154. Marks, Gary (1997). “Does the European Union Represent an n of 1? ” ECSA Review, 10 (3): 1–5.
155. Marks, Gary, Liesbet Hooghe and Kermit Blank (1996). “European Integration from the 1980s: State-Centric v. Multi-level Governance, ” Journal of Common Market Studies, 34 (3): 341–377.
156. Martin, Joanne (2002). Organizational Culture: Mapping the Terrain, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
157. Martin, Lisa (2006). “Distribution, Information and Delegation to International Organizations: The case of IMF Conditionality” in Darren G. Hawkins, David A. Lake, Daniel L. Nielson, and Michael J. Tierney, eds., Delegation and Agency in International Organizations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
158. Mathiason, John (2007). Invisible Governance: International Secretariats in Global Politics, Bloomi eld, CT: Kumarian.
159. Mayntz, Renate (1984). “German Federal Bureaucrats: A Functional Elite between Politics and Administration” in Ezra Suleiman, ed., Bureaucrats and Policy Making: A Comparative Overview, New York: Holmes & Meier.
160. Mayntz, Renate and Fritz Scharpf (1975). Policy-Making in the German Federal Bureaucracy, Amsterdam: Elsevier Verlag.
161. Mazey, Sonia and Jeremy Richardson (2001). “Institutionalizing Promiscuity: Commission- Interest Group Relations in the European Union” in Alec Stone Sweet, Wayne Sandholtz, and Neil Fligstein, eds., The Institutionalization of Europe, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
162. Mazey, Sonia and Jeremy Richardson (2006). “Interest Groups and EU Policy-Making: Organizational Logic and Venue Shopping” in Jeremy Richardson, ed., European Union: Power and Policy Making, London: Routledge.
163. Medrano, Juan Diez (2003). Framing Europe: Attitudes to European Integration in Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
164. Meek, Lynn (1988). “Organizational Culture: Origins and Weaknesses, ” Organizational Studies, 9 (4): 453–473.
165. Mehde, Veith (2007). “Creating a Missing Link? Administrative Reforms as a Means of Improving the Legitimacy of International Organizations” in Michael Bauer and Christoph Knill, eds., Management Reforms in International Organizations, Baden- Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft.
166. Metcalfe, Les (1999). “Reforming the Commission, ” EIPAScope, 3: 3–9.
167. Metcalfe, Les (2000). “Reforming the Commission: Will Organizational Efi ciency Produce Effective Governance? ” Journal of Common Market Studies, 38 (5): 817–841.
168. Michelmann, Hans (1978). “Multinational Stafi ng and Organizational Functioning in the Commission of the European Communities, ” International Organization, 32 (2): 477–496.
169. Michels, Robert (1968). Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Government, New York: Free Press, 2nd edition.
170. Mills, C. Wright (1956). The Power Elite, New York: Oxford University Press.
171. Moe, Terry (1985). “The Politicized Presidency” in John Chubb and Paul Peterson., eds., The New Direction of American Politics, Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.
172. Moe, Terry (1989). “The Politics of Bureaucratic Structure” in John Chubb and Paul Peterson, eds., Can the Government Govern? Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.
173. Moe, Terry (1990). “Political Institutions: The Neglected Side of the Story, ” Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, 6: 213–253.
174. Moravcsik, Andrew (1997). “Does the European Union Represent an n of 1? ” ECSA Review, 10 (3): 1–5.
175. Moravcsik, Andrew (1998). The Choice for Europe: Social Purpose and State Power from Messina to Maastricht, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
176. Moravcsik, Andrew (1999). “A New Statecraft? Supranational Entrepreneurs and International Cooperation, ” International Organization, 53 (2): 267–306.
177. Nielson, Daniel and Michael Tierney (2003). “Delegation to International Organizations: Agency Theory and World Bank Environmental Reform, ” International Organization, 57 (2): 241–276.
178. Niskanen, William (1971). Bureaucracy and Representative Government, Chicago: Aldine Atherton.
179. Nugent, Neill (1995). “The Leadership Capacity of the European Commission, ” Journal of European Public Policy, 2 (4): 603–623.
180. Nugent, Neill (2000). At the Heart of the Union: Studies of the European Commission, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2nd edition.
181. Nugent, Neill (2001). The European Commission, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
182. Osborne, David and Ted Gaebler (1993). Reinventing Government: How the Entrepreneurial Spirit Is Transforming the Public Sector, New York: Penguin.
183. Page, Edward (1997). People Who Run Europe, Oxford: Clarendon.
184. Page, Edward and Vincent Wright (1999). Bureaucratic Elites in Western European States, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
185. Pakulski, Jan (1987). “Ideology and Political Domination: A Critical Re-Appraisal, ” International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 28 (3): 129–157.
186. Pakulski, Jan (1990). “Poland: Ideology, Legitimacy and Political Domination” in Nicholas Abercrombie, ed., Dominant Ideologies, London: Unwin Hyman.
187. Peters, Guy (1981). “The Problem of Bureaucratic Government, ” Journal of Politics, 43 (1): 56–82.
188. Peters, Guy (1987). “Politicians and Bureaucrats in the Politics of Policy-Making” in Jan-Erik Lane, ed., Bureaucracy and Public Choice, London: Sage.
189. Peters, Guy (1992). “Bureaucratic Politics and the Institutions of the European Community” in Alberta Sbragia, ed., Euro-Politics: Institutions and Policy Making in the “New” European Community, Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.
190. Peterson, John (1995). “Playing the Transparency Game: Consultation and Policy-Making in the European Commission, ” Public Administration, 73 (3): 473–492.
191. Peterson, John (2003). “The European Commission: Plateau or Permanent Decline? ” Collegium, 26: 5–46.
192. Peterson, John (2006). “Conclusion: Where Does the Commission Stand Today?” in David Spence with Geoffrey Edwards, eds., The European Commission, London: John Harper, 3rd edition.
193. Peterson, John (2008). “Enlargement, Reform and the European Commission: Weathering a Perfect Storm? ” Journal of European Public Policy, 15 (5): 761–780.
194. Peterson, John and Andrea Birdsall (2008). “The European Commission: Enlargement as Reinvention?” in Edward Best, Thomas Christiansen, and Pierpaolo Settembri, eds., The Institutions of the Enlarged European Union: Continuity and Change, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
195. Peterson, John and Elizabeth Bomberg (1999). Decision-Making in the European Union, Basingstoke: Macmillan
196. Peterson, John and Michael Shackleton (2006). The Institutions of the European Union, New York: Oxford University Press, 2nd edition.
197. Pi ffner, James P. (1992). “Political Appointees and Career Executives: The Democracy-Bureaucracy Nexus, ” in Patricia W. Ingraham and Donald Kettl, Agenda for Excellence: Public Service in America, Chatham, NJ: Chatham House.
198. Pierre, Jon, ed. (1995). Bureaucracy in the Modern State: An Introduction to Comparative Public Administration, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
199. Pollack, Mark (1997a). “The Commission as an Agent” in Niell Nugent, ed., At the Heart of the Union: Studies of the European Commission, New York: Macmillan.
200. Pollack, Mark (1997b). “Does the European Union Represent an n of 1 ?” ECSA Review, 10 (3): 1–5.
201. Pollack, Mark (2003). The Engines of European Integration: Delegation, Agency and Agenda Setting in the European Union, New York: Oxford University Press.
202. Pollack, Mark (2006). “Delegation and Discretion in the European Union” in Darren G. Hawkins, David A. Lake, Daniel L. Nielson, and Michael J. Tierney, eds., Delegation and Agency in International Organizations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
203. Pollitt, Christopher and Geert Bouckaert (2000). Public Management Reform: A Comparative Analysis, New York: Oxford University Press.
204. Pollitt, Christopher and Geert Bouckaert (2004). Public Management Reform: A Comparative Analysis, New York: Oxford University Press, 2nd edition.
205. Poulantzas, Nicos (2000). State, Power and Socialism, London: Verso.
206. Putnam, Robert (1973). “The Political Attitudes of Senior Civil Servants in Western Europe: A Preliminary Report, ” British Journal of Political Science, 3 (3): 257–290.
207. Ross, George (1994). “Inside the Delors Cabinet, ” Journal of Common Market Studies, 32 (4): 499–523.
208. Ross, George (1995). Jacques Delors and European Integration, Cambridge: Polity Press.
209. Rothschild, Joseph (1977). “Observations on Political Legitimacy in Contemporary Europe, ” Political Science Quarterly, 92 (3): 487–501.
210. Sandholtz, Wayne (1998). “The Emergence of a Supranational Telecommunication Regime” in Wayne Sandholtz and Alec Stone Sweet, eds., European Integration and Supranational Governance, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
211. Sandholtz, Wayne and John Zysman (1989). “1992: Recasting the European Bargain, ” World Politics, 42 (1): 95–128.
212. Sbragia, Alberta, ed. (1992). Euro-Politics: Institutions and Policy Making in the “New” European Community, Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.
213. Schmidt, Suzanne K. (2000). “Only an Agenda-Setter? The European Commission's Power over the Council of Ministers, ” European Union Politics, 1: 37–61.
214. Schmitter, Philippe (2001). “What Is There to Legitimize in the European Union and How Might This Be Accomplished?” European University Institute, Working Paper.
215. Schultz, David and Robert Maranto (1998). The Politics of Civil Service Reform, New York: Peter Lang.
216. Schwartz, Howard and Stanley Davis (1981). “Matching Corporate Culture and Business Strategy, ” Organizational Dynamics, 10 (1): 30–48.
217. Selznick, Philip (1957). Leadership in Administration: A Sociological Interpretation, New York: Row, Peterson and Company.
218. Selznick, Philip (1984). Leadership in Administration: A Sociological Interpretation, Berkeley: University of California Press.
219. Shore, Cris (2000). Building Europe: The Cultural Politics of European Integration, London: Routledge.
220. Shore, Cris and Annabel Black (1992). “The European Communities and the Construction of the Europe, ” Anthropology Today, 8 (3): 10–11.
221. Skocpol Theda (1985). “Bringing the State Back In: Strategies of Analysis in Current Research” in Peter Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, and Theda Skocpol, eds., Bringing the State Back In, New York: Cambridge University Press.
222. Smircich, Linda (1983). “Concepts of Culture and Organizational Analysis, ” Administrative Science Quarterly, 28 (3): 339–358.
223. Smith, Andy, ed. (2004). Politics and the European Commission: Actors, Interdependence, Legitimacy, London: Routledge.
224. Sotiropoulos, Dimitri (2001). The Apex of the Clientelist State, Athens: Potamos [in Greek].
225. Spence, David (1994). “Staff and Personnel Policy in the European Commission” in Geoffrey Edwards and David Spence, eds., The European Commission, Harlow: Longman.
226. Spence, David (2006). “The President, the College and the Cabinets” in David Spence with Geoffrey Edwards, eds., The European Commission, London: John Harper, 3rd edition.
227. Spence, David, Geoffrey Edwards, eds. (2006). The European Commission, London: John Harper, 3rd edition.
228. Spence, David and Anne Stevens (2006). “Staff and Personnel Policy in the Commission” in David Spence with Geoffrey Edwards, eds., The European Commission, London: John Harper, 3rd edition.
229. Spierenberg, Dirk (1979). “Proposals for Reform of the Commission of the European Communities and Its Services, ” September 24, Brussels.
230. Stevens, Anne and Handley Stevens (2001). Brussels Bureaucrats? The Administration of the European Union, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
231. Stone Sweet, Alec, Wayne Sandholtz, and Neil Fligstein, eds. (2001). The Institutionalization of Europe, New York: Oxford University Press.
232. Suleiman, Ezra (1974). Politics, Power and Bureaucracy in France, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
233. Suleiman, Ezra (2003). Dismantling Democratic States, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
234. Suleiman, Ezra and Henri Mendras (1995). Le Recrutement des Elites en Europe, Paris: Editions La Decouverte.
235. Suvarierol, Semin (2008). “Beyond the Myth of Nationality: Analysing Networks Within the European Commission, ” West European Politics, 31 (4): 701–724.
236. Tanasescu, Irina (2009). The European Commission and Interest Groups: Towards a Deliberative Interpretation of Stakeholder Involvement in European Union Policy Making, Brussels: Brussels University Press.
237. Tranholm-Mikkelsen, Jeppe (1991). “Neofunctionalism: Obstinate or Obsolete? A Reappraisal in the Light of the New Dynamism of the EC, ” Journal of International Studies, 20 (1): 1–22.
238. Trondal, Jarle (2004). “Political Dynamics of the Parallel Administration of the European Commission” in Andy Smith, ed., Politics and the European Commission: Politics, Independence and Legitimacy, London: Routledge.
239. Trondal, Jarle (2007). “Is the European Commission a ‘Hothouse’ for Supranationalism? Exploring Actor-Level Supranationalism, ” Journal of Common Market Studies, 45 (5): 1111–1133.
240. Trondal, Jarle (2008). “The Anatomy of Autonomy: Reassessing the Autonomy of the European Commission, ” European Journal of Political Research, 47 (4): 467–488.
241. Trondal, Jarle (2010). An Emergent European Executive Order, New York: Oxford University Press.
242. Trondal, Jarle (2011). “Bureaucratic Structure and Administrative Behaviour: Lessons from International Bureaucracies, ” West European Politics, 34 (4): 795–818.
243. Trondal, Jarle, Martin Marcussen, Torbjörn Larsson and Frode Veggeland (2010). Unpacking International Organizations: The Dynamics of Compound Bureaucracies, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
244. Tsakatika, Myrto (2005). “Claims to Legitimacy: The European Commission between Continuity and Change, ” Journal of Common Market Studies, 43 (1): 193–220.
245. Tsebelis, George and Geoffrey Garrett (2001). “The Institutional Foundations of Intergovernmentalism and Supranationalism in the European Union, ” International Organization, 55 (2): 357–390.
246. Van den Berg, Caspar (2011). Transforming for Europe: The reshaping of National Bureaucracies in a System of Multi-level Governance, Leiden: Leiden University Press.
247. Vaubel, Roland (1996). “Bureaucracy at the IMF and the World Bank: A Comparison of the Evidence, ” World Economy, 19 (2): 195–210.
248. Vaubel, Roland (2006). “Principal-Agent Problems in International Organizations, ” Review of International Organizations, 1 (2): 125–138.
249. Venzke, Ingo (2010). “International Bureaucracies from a Political Science Perspective–Agency, Authority and International Institutional Law” in Armin Von Bogdany, Wolfrum R ü diger, Jochen Von Bernstorff, Philipp Dann, and Matthias Goldmann, eds., The Exercise of Public Authority by International Institutions, Heidelberg: Springer.
250. Vilbert, Frank (2007). The Rise of the Unelected: Democracy and the New Separation of Powers, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
251. Weber, Max (1946). “On Bureaucracy” in Hans Gerth and C. Wright Mills, eds., From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, New York: Oxford University Press.
252. Wendon, Bryan (1998). “The Commission as image-venue entrepreneur in EU social policy, ” Journal of European Public Policy, 5 (2): 339–353.
253. Wessels, Wolfgang (2008). “The European Council: A Bigger Club, a Similar Role?” in Edward Best, Thomas Christiansen, and Pierpaolo Settembri, eds., The Institutions of the Enlarged European Union: Continuity and Change, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
254. Westlake, Martin (2006). “The European Commission and the European Parliament” in David Spence with Geoffrey Evans, eds., The European Commission, London: John Harper, 3rd edition.
255. Wille, Anchrit (2007). “Senior Ofi cials in a Reforming European Commission: Transforming the Top?” in Michael Bauer and Christoph Knill, eds., Management Reforms in International Organizations, Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft.
256. Wilson, James Q. (1989). Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do and Why They Do It, New York: Basic Books.
257. Wilson, James Q. and Peter B. Clark (1961). “Incentive Systems: A Theory of Organizations, ” Administrative Science Quarterly, 6 (2): 129–166.
258. Wilson, Woodrow (1941). “The Study of Administration, ” Political Science Quarterly, 56 (4): 481–506.