메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 6, 2015, Pages e41-e63

2015 heart rhythm society expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of postural tachycardia syndrome, inappropriate sinus tachycardia, and vasovagal syncope

(20)  Sheldon, Robert S a   Grubb, Blair P b   Olshansky, Brian c   Shen, Win Kuang d   Calkins, Hugh e   Brignole, Michele f   Raj, Satish R a,t   Krahn, Andrew D g   Morillo, Carlos A h   Stewart, Julian M i   Sutton, Richard j   Sandroni, Paola k   Friday, Karen J l   Hachul, Denise Tessariol m   Cohen, Mitchell I n   Lau, Dennis H o   Mayuga, Kenneth A p   Moak, Jeffrey P q   Sandhu, Roopinder K r   Kanjwal, Khalil s  


Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; FLUDROCORTISONE; IVABRADINE; MIDODRINE; SEROTONIN ANTAGONIST;

EID: 84930380140     PISSN: 15475271     EISSN: 15563871     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.03.029     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (690)

References (147)
  • 2
    • 70449515360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope (version 2009)
    • A. Moya, R. Sutton, and F. Ammirati Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope (version 2009) Eur Heart J 30 2009 2631 2671
    • (2009) Eur Heart J , vol.30 , pp. 2631-2671
    • Moya, A.1    Sutton, R.2    Ammirati, F.3
  • 4
    • 84860313163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New concepts in the assessment of syncope
    • M. Brignole, and M.H. Hamdan New concepts in the assessment of syncope J Am Coll Cardiol 59 2012 1583 1591
    • (2012) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.59 , pp. 1583-1591
    • Brignole, M.1    Hamdan, M.H.2
  • 5
    • 84908336962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution and future of ACC/AHA clinical practice guidelines: A 30-year journey: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
    • A.K. Jacobs, J.L. Anderson, and J.L. Halperin The evolution and future of ACC/AHA clinical practice guidelines: a 30-year journey: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines J Am Coll Cardiol 64 2014 1373 1384
    • (2014) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.64 , pp. 1373-1384
    • Jacobs, A.K.1    Anderson, J.L.2    Halperin, J.L.3
  • 6
    • 1542324791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular arrhythmias - Executive summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology
    • American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology committee for practice guidelines (writing committee to develop guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular arrhythmias) developed in collaboration with NASPE-Heart Rhythm Society
    • C. Blomstrom-Lundqvist, M.M. Scheinman, and E.M. Aliot ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular arrhythmias - executive summary. a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology committee for practice guidelines (writing committee to develop guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular arrhythmias) developed in collaboration with NASPE-Heart Rhythm Society J Am Coll Cardiol 42 2003 1493 1531
    • (2003) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.42 , pp. 1493-1531
    • Blomstrom-Lundqvist, C.1    Scheinman, M.M.2    Aliot, E.M.3
  • 8
    • 0027531172 scopus 로고
    • Idiopathic postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: An attenuated form of acute pandysautonomia?
    • R. Schondorf, and P.A. Low Idiopathic postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: an attenuated form of acute pandysautonomia? Neurology 43 1993 132 137
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 132-137
    • Schondorf, R.1    Low, P.A.2
  • 10
    • 79953763846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consensus statement on the definition of orthostatic hypotension, neurally mediated syncope and the postural tachycardia syndrome
    • R. Freeman, W. Wieling, and F.B. Axelrod Consensus statement on the definition of orthostatic hypotension, neurally mediated syncope and the postural tachycardia syndrome Auton Neurosci 161 2011 46 48
    • (2011) Auton Neurosci , vol.161 , pp. 46-48
    • Freeman, R.1    Wieling, W.2    Axelrod, F.B.3
  • 12
    • 34548140117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hemodynamic and neurohumoral phenotype of postural tachycardia syndrome
    • E.M. Garland, S.R. Raj, B.K. Black, P.A. Harris, and D. Robertson The hemodynamic and neurohumoral phenotype of postural tachycardia syndrome Neurology 69 2007 790 798
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.69 , pp. 790-798
    • Garland, E.M.1    Raj, S.R.2    Black, B.K.3    Harris, P.A.4    Robertson, D.5
  • 14
    • 0032710751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemic of orthostatic tachycardia and orthostatic intolerance
    • D. Robertson The epidemic of orthostatic tachycardia and orthostatic intolerance Am J Med Sci 317 1999 75 77
    • (1999) Am J Med Sci , vol.317 , pp. 75-77
    • Robertson, D.1
  • 15
    • 0032989463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orthostatic intolerance in the chronic fatigue syndrome
    • R. Schondorf, J. Benoit, T. Wein, and D. Phaneuf Orthostatic intolerance in the chronic fatigue syndrome J Auton Nerv Syst 75 1999 192 201
    • (1999) J Auton Nerv Syst , vol.75 , pp. 192-201
    • Schondorf, R.1    Benoit, J.2    Wein, T.3    Phaneuf, D.4
  • 16
    • 79958702577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consensus statement on the definition of orthostatic hypotension, neurally mediated syncope and the postural tachycardia syndrome
    • R. Freeman, W. Wieling, and F.B. Axelrod Consensus statement on the definition of orthostatic hypotension, neurally mediated syncope and the postural tachycardia syndrome Clin Auton Res 21 2011 69 72
    • (2011) Clin Auton Res , vol.21 , pp. 69-72
    • Freeman, R.1    Wieling, W.2    Axelrod, F.B.3
  • 17
    • 84876743948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics of a novel subgroup of chronic fatigue syndrome patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
    • I. Lewis, J. Pairman, G. Spickett, and J.L. Newton Clinical characteristics of a novel subgroup of chronic fatigue syndrome patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome J Intern Med 273 2013 501 510
    • (2013) J Intern Med , vol.273 , pp. 501-510
    • Lewis, I.1    Pairman, J.2    Spickett, G.3    Newton, J.L.4
  • 18
    • 84872905713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postural tachycardia syndrome: A heterogeneous and multifactorial disorder
    • E.E. Benarroch Postural tachycardia syndrome: a heterogeneous and multifactorial disorder Mayo Clin Proc 87 2012 1214 1225
    • (2012) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.87 , pp. 1214-1225
    • Benarroch, E.E.1
  • 22
    • 28044436701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure recovery from Valsalva maneuver in patients with autonomic failure
    • E.R. Vogel, P. Sandroni, and P.A. Low Blood pressure recovery from Valsalva maneuver in patients with autonomic failure Neurology 65 2005 1533 1537
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.65 , pp. 1533-1537
    • Vogel, E.R.1    Sandroni, P.2    Low, P.A.3
  • 23
    • 0034463372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of blood pressure alterations in response to the Valsalva maneuver in postural tachycardia syndrome
    • P. Sandroni, V. Novak, T.L. Opfer-Gehrking, C.A. Huck, and P.A. Low Mechanisms of blood pressure alterations in response to the Valsalva maneuver in postural tachycardia syndrome Clin Auton Res 10 2000 1 5
    • (2000) Clin Auton Res , vol.10 , pp. 1-5
    • Sandroni, P.1    Novak, V.2    Opfer-Gehrking, T.L.3    Huck, C.A.4    Low, P.A.5
  • 25
    • 1342346654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased skeletal muscle pump activity in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome and low peripheral blood flow
    • J.M. Stewart, M.S. Medow, L.D. Montgomery, and K. McLeod Decreased skeletal muscle pump activity in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome and low peripheral blood flow Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 286 2004 H1216 H1222
    • (2004) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.286 , pp. H1216-H1222
    • Stewart, J.M.1    Medow, M.S.2    Montgomery, L.D.3    McLeod, K.4
  • 27
    • 4143083724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional blood volume and peripheral blood flow in postural tachycardia syndrome
    • J.M. Stewart, and L.D. Montgomery Regional blood volume and peripheral blood flow in postural tachycardia syndrome Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 287 2004 H1319 H1327
    • (2004) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.287 , pp. H1319-H1327
    • Stewart, J.M.1    Montgomery, L.D.2
  • 28
    • 60949087857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Splanchnic and systemic circulation in the postural tachycardia syndrome
    • H.S.W. Tani, B.R. McPhee, T.L. Opfer-Gehrking, and P.A. Low Splanchnic and systemic circulation in the postural tachycardia syndrome Clin Auton Res 9 1999 231 232
    • (1999) Clin Auton Res , vol.9 , pp. 231-232
    • Tani, H.S.W.1    McPhee, B.R.2    Opfer-Gehrking, T.L.3    Low, P.A.4
  • 29
    • 84899903520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and Postural Tachycardia Syndrome: A relationship study
    • D. Wallman, J. Weinberg, and A.D. Hohler Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and Postural Tachycardia Syndrome: a relationship study J ournal Neurol Sci 340 2014 99 102
    • (2014) J Ournal Neurol Sci , vol.340 , pp. 99-102
    • Wallman, D.1    Weinberg, J.2    Hohler, A.D.3
  • 30
    • 84879418981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmunoreactive IgGs against cardiac lipid raft-associated proteins in patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
    • X.L. Wang, T.Y. Ling, M.C. Charlesworth, J.J. Figueroa, P. Low, W.K. Shen, and H.C. Lee Autoimmunoreactive IgGs against cardiac lipid raft-associated proteins in patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome Transl Res 162 2013 34 44
    • (2013) Transl Res , vol.162 , pp. 34-44
    • Wang, X.L.1    Ling, T.Y.2    Charlesworth, M.C.3    Figueroa, J.J.4    Low, P.5    Shen, W.K.6    Lee, H.C.7
  • 31
    • 84898639152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune basis for postural tachycardia syndrome
    • H. Li, X. Yu, and C. Liles Autoimmune basis for postural tachycardia syndrome JAMA 3 2014 e000755
    • (2014) JAMA , vol.3 , pp. e000755
    • Li, H.1    Yu, X.2    Liles, C.3
  • 32
    • 17144406857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renin-aldosterone paradox and perturbed blood volume regulation underlying postural tachycardia syndrome
    • S.R. Raj, I. Biaggioni, P.C. Yamhure, B.K. Black, S.Y. Paranjape, D.W. Byrne, and D. Robertson Renin-aldosterone paradox and perturbed blood volume regulation underlying postural tachycardia syndrome Circulation 111 2005 1574 1582
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.111 , pp. 1574-1582
    • Raj, S.R.1    Biaggioni, I.2    Yamhure, P.C.3    Black, B.K.4    Paranjape, S.Y.5    Byrne, D.W.6    Robertson, D.7
  • 33
    • 0034483753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart rate and plasma cyclic AMP responses to isoproterenol infusion and effect of beta-adrenergic blockade in patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
    • H. Abe, T. Nagatomo, K. Kohshi, T. Numata, K. Kikuchi, S. Sonoda, T. Mizuki, A. Kuroiwa, and Y. Nakashima Heart rate and plasma cyclic AMP responses to isoproterenol infusion and effect of beta-adrenergic blockade in patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 36 Suppl 2 2000 S79 S82
    • (2000) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.36 , pp. S79-S82
    • Abe, H.1    Nagatomo, T.2    Kohshi, K.3    Numata, T.4    Kikuchi, K.5    Sonoda, S.6    Mizuki, T.7    Kuroiwa, A.8    Nakashima, Y.9
  • 37
    • 0344586878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlates of functional disability in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome: Preliminary cross-sectional findings
    • L.M. Benrud-Larson, P. Sandroni, J.A. Haythornthwaite, T.A. Rummans, and P.A. Low Correlates of functional disability in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome: preliminary cross-sectional findings Health Psychol 22 2003 643 648
    • (2003) Health Psychol , vol.22 , pp. 643-648
    • Benrud-Larson, L.M.1    Sandroni, P.2    Haythornthwaite, J.A.3    Rummans, T.A.4    Low, P.A.5
  • 39
    • 0035798745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fludrocortisone acetate to treat neurally mediated hypotension in chronic fatigue syndrome: A randomized controlled trial
    • P.C. Rowe, H. Calkins, and K. DeBusk Fludrocortisone acetate to treat neurally mediated hypotension in chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomized controlled trial JAMA 285 2001 52 59
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 52-59
    • Rowe, P.C.1    Calkins, H.2    Debusk, K.3
  • 41
    • 0034465617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic and symptomatic effects of acute interventions on tilt in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome
    • V.M. Gordon, T.L. Opfer-Gehrking, V. Novak, and P.A. Low Hemodynamic and symptomatic effects of acute interventions on tilt in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome Clin Auton Res 10 2000 29 33
    • (2000) Clin Auton Res , vol.10 , pp. 29-33
    • Gordon, V.M.1    Opfer-Gehrking, T.L.2    Novak, V.3    Low, P.A.4
  • 42
    • 70349331378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propranolol decreases tachycardia and improves symptoms in the postural tachycardia syndrome: Less is more
    • S.R. Raj, B.K. Black, I. Biaggioni, S.Y. Paranjape, M. Ramirez, W.D. Dupont, and D. Robertson Propranolol decreases tachycardia and improves symptoms in the postural tachycardia syndrome: less is more Circulation 120 2009 725 734
    • (2009) Circulation , vol.120 , pp. 725-734
    • Raj, S.R.1    Black, B.K.2    Biaggioni, I.3    Paranjape, S.Y.4    Ramirez, M.5    Dupont, W.D.6    Robertson, D.7
  • 43
    • 80051470430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise training versus propranolol in the treatment of the postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
    • Q. Fu, T.B. Vangundy, S. Shibata, R.J. Auchus, G.H. Williams, and B.D. Levine Exercise training versus propranolol in the treatment of the postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome Hypertension 58 2011 167 175
    • (2011) Hypertension , vol.58 , pp. 167-175
    • Fu, Q.1    Vangundy, T.B.2    Shibata, S.3    Auchus, R.J.4    Williams, G.H.5    Levine, B.D.6
  • 44
    • 79952180732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single centre experience of ivabradine in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
    • C. McDonald, J. Frith, and J.L. Newton Single centre experience of ivabradine in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome Europace 13 2011 427 430
    • (2011) Europace , vol.13 , pp. 427-430
    • McDonald, C.1    Frith, J.2    Newton, J.L.3
  • 45
    • 17844373755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acetylcholinesterase inhibition improves tachycardia in postural tachycardia syndrome
    • S.R. Raj, B.K. Black, I. Biaggioni, P.A. Harris, and D. Robertson Acetylcholinesterase inhibition improves tachycardia in postural tachycardia syndrome Circulation 111 2005 2734 2740
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.111 , pp. 2734-2740
    • Raj, S.R.1    Black, B.K.2    Biaggioni, I.3    Harris, P.A.4    Robertson, D.5
  • 47
    • 0020679382 scopus 로고
    • Effects of long-term clonidine administration on the hemodynamic and neuroendocrine postural responses of patients with dysautonomia
    • F.A. Gaffney, L.B. Lane, W. Pettinger, and C.G. Blomqvist Effects of long-term clonidine administration on the hemodynamic and neuroendocrine postural responses of patients with dysautonomia Chest 83 1983 436 438
    • (1983) Chest , vol.83 , pp. 436-438
    • Gaffney, F.A.1    Lane, L.B.2    Pettinger, W.3    Blomqvist, C.G.4
  • 49
    • 8744261926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of modafinil on acute pain: A randomized double-blind crossover study
    • I. Taneja, S. Bruehl, and D. Robertson Effect of modafinil on acute pain: a randomized double-blind crossover study J Clin Pharmacol 44 2004 1425 1427
    • (2004) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.44 , pp. 1425-1427
    • Taneja, I.1    Bruehl, S.2    Robertson, D.3
  • 51
    • 0035169456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chiari i malformation as a cause of orthostatic intolerance symptoms: A media myth?
    • E.M. Garland, and D. Robertson Chiari I malformation as a cause of orthostatic intolerance symptoms: a media myth? Am J Med 111 2001 546 552
    • (2001) Am J Med , vol.111 , pp. 546-552
    • Garland, E.M.1    Robertson, D.2
  • 52
    • 21344464227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orthostatic intolerance and syncope associated with Chiari type i malformation
    • O. Prilipko, A.R. Dehdashti, S. Zaim, and M. Seeck Orthostatic intolerance and syncope associated with Chiari type I malformation J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 76 2005 1034 1036
    • (2005) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.76 , pp. 1034-1036
    • Prilipko, O.1    Dehdashti, A.R.2    Zaim, S.3    Seeck, M.4
  • 54
    • 33749041903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inappropriate sinus tachycardia may be related to an immunologic disorder involving cardiac beta adrenergic receptors
    • P.A. Chiale, H.A. Garro, J. Schmidberg, R.A. Sanchez, R.S. Acunzo, M. Lago, G. Levy, and M. Levin Inappropriate sinus tachycardia may be related to an immunologic disorder involving cardiac beta adrenergic receptors Heart Rhythm 3 2006 1182 1186
    • (2006) Heart Rhythm , vol.3 , pp. 1182-1186
    • Chiale, P.A.1    Garro, H.A.2    Schmidberg, J.3    Sanchez, R.A.4    Acunzo, R.S.5    Lago, M.6    Levy, G.7    Levin, M.8
  • 55
    • 67650657142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case of cardiomyopathy induced by inappropriate sinus tachycardia and cured by ivabradine
    • P.F. Winum, G. Cayla, M. Rubini, L. Beck, and P. Messner-Pellenc A case of cardiomyopathy induced by inappropriate sinus tachycardia and cured by ivabradine Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 32 2009 942 944
    • (2009) Pacing Clin Electrophysiol , vol.32 , pp. 942-944
    • Winum, P.F.1    Cayla, G.2    Rubini, M.3    Beck, L.4    Messner-Pellenc, P.5
  • 57
    • 33645253995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inappropriate sinus tachycardia, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, and overlapping syndromes
    • P.A. Brady, P.A. Low, and W.K. Shen Inappropriate sinus tachycardia, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, and overlapping syndromes Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 28 2005 1112 1121
    • (2005) Pacing Clin Electrophysiol , vol.28 , pp. 1112-1121
    • Brady, P.A.1    Low, P.A.2    Shen, W.K.3
  • 58
    • 0016039941 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular responses to sustained handgrip in normal subjects and in patients with diabetes mellitus: A test of autonomic function
    • D.J. Ewing, J.B. Irving, F. Kerr, J.A. Wildsmith, and B.F. Clarke Cardiovascular responses to sustained handgrip in normal subjects and in patients with diabetes mellitus: a test of autonomic function Clin Sci Mol Med 46 1974 295 306
    • (1974) Clin Sci Mol Med , vol.46 , pp. 295-306
    • Ewing, D.J.1    Irving, J.B.2    Kerr, F.3    Wildsmith, J.A.4    Clarke, B.F.5
  • 59
    • 0028068536 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of "inappropriate" sinus tachycardia. Role of sympathovagal balance
    • C.A. Morillo, G.J. Klein, R.K. Thakur, H. Li, M. Zardini, and R. Yee Mechanism of "inappropriate" sinus tachycardia. Role of sympathovagal balance Circulation 90 1994 873 877
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.90 , pp. 873-877
    • Morillo, C.A.1    Klein, G.J.2    Thakur, R.K.3    Li, H.4    Zardini, M.5    Yee, R.6
  • 63
    • 84867095585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical efficacy of ivabradine in patients with inappropriate sinus tachycardia: A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover evaluation
    • R. Cappato, S. Castelvecchio, and C. Ricci Clinical efficacy of ivabradine in patients with inappropriate sinus tachycardia: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover evaluation J oAm Coll Cardiol 60 2012 1323 1329
    • (2012) J OAm Coll Cardiol , vol.60 , pp. 1323-1329
    • Cappato, R.1    Castelvecchio, S.2    Ricci, C.3
  • 65
    • 33750081067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lifetime cumulative incidence of syncope in the general population: A study of 549 Dutch subjects aged 35-60 years
    • K.S. Ganzeboom, G. Mairuhu, J.B. Reitsma, M. Linzer, W. Wieling, and N. van Dijk Lifetime cumulative incidence of syncope in the general population: a study of 549 Dutch subjects aged 35-60 years J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 17 2006 1172 1176
    • (2006) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.17 , pp. 1172-1176
    • Ganzeboom, K.S.1    Mairuhu, G.2    Reitsma, J.B.3    Linzer, M.4    Wieling, W.5    Van Dijk, N.6
  • 66
    • 33748078740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vasovagal syncope in medical students and their first-degree relatives
    • A. Serletis, S. Rose, A.G. Sheldon, and R.S. Sheldon Vasovagal syncope in medical students and their first-degree relatives Eur Heart J 27 2006 1965 1970
    • (2006) Eur Heart J , vol.27 , pp. 1965-1970
    • Serletis, A.1    Rose, S.2    Sheldon, A.G.3    Sheldon, R.S.4
  • 68
    • 78650112365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of Syncope Trial I. Recent history of vasovagal syncope in a young, referral-based population is a stronger predictor of recurrent syncope than lifetime syncope burden
    • G.L. Sumner, M.S. Rose, M.L. Koshman, D. Ritchie, and R.S. Sheldon Prevention of Syncope Trial I. Recent history of vasovagal syncope in a young, referral-based population is a stronger predictor of recurrent syncope than lifetime syncope burden J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 21 2010 1375 1380
    • (2010) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.21 , pp. 1375-1380
    • Sumner, G.L.1    Rose, M.S.2    Koshman, M.L.3    Ritchie, D.4    Sheldon, R.S.5
  • 69
    • 0037377787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and clinical outcomes of patients with multiple potential causes of syncope
    • L.Y. Chen, B.J. Gersh, D.O. Hodge, W. Wieling, S.C. Hammill, and W.K. Shen Prevalence and clinical outcomes of patients with multiple potential causes of syncope Mayo Clin Proc 78 2003 414 420
    • (2003) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.78 , pp. 414-420
    • Chen, L.Y.1    Gersh, B.J.2    Hodge, D.O.3    Wieling, W.4    Hammill, S.C.5    Shen, W.K.6
  • 70
    • 28944443270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new management of syncope: Prospective systematic guideline-based evaluation of patients referred urgently to general hospitals
    • M. Brignole, C. Menozzi, and A. Bartoletti A new management of syncope: prospective systematic guideline-based evaluation of patients referred urgently to general hospitals Eur Heart J 27 2006 76 82
    • (2006) Eur Heart J , vol.27 , pp. 76-82
    • Brignole, M.1    Menozzi, C.2    Bartoletti, A.3
  • 74
    • 0002090799 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic changes during spontaneous vasovagal reactions
    • G. Glick, and P.N. Yu Hemodynamic changes during spontaneous vasovagal reactions Am J Med 34 1963 42 51
    • (1963) Am J Med , vol.34 , pp. 42-51
    • Glick, G.1    Yu, P.N.2
  • 75
    • 0026663732 scopus 로고
    • Lack of variation in venous tone potentiates vasovagal syncope
    • A.D. Hargreaves, and A.L. Muir Lack of variation in venous tone potentiates vasovagal syncope Br Heart J 67 1992 486 490
    • (1992) Br Heart J , vol.67 , pp. 486-490
    • Hargreaves, A.D.1    Muir, A.L.2
  • 76
    • 0029977797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal reflex venous function in patients with neuromediated syncope
    • D.E. Manyari, S. Rose, J.V. Tyberg, and R.S. Sheldon Abnormal reflex venous function in patients with neuromediated syncope J Am Coll Cardiol 27 1996 1730 1735
    • (1996) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.27 , pp. 1730-1735
    • Manyari, D.E.1    Rose, S.2    Tyberg, J.V.3    Sheldon, R.S.4
  • 77
    • 0029981368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failure of reflex venoconstriction during exercise in patients with vasovagal syncope
    • H.L. Thomson, J.J. Atherton, F.A. Khafagi, and M.P. Frenneaux Failure of reflex venoconstriction during exercise in patients with vasovagal syncope Circulation 93 1996 953 959
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.93 , pp. 953-959
    • Thomson, H.L.1    Atherton, J.J.2    Khafagi, F.A.3    Frenneaux, M.P.4
  • 78
    • 57249112255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steep fall in cardiac output is main determinant of hypotension during drug-free and nitroglycerine-induced orthostatic vasovagal syncope
    • B. Verheyden, J. Liu, N. van Dijk, B.E. Westerhof, T. Reybrouck, A.E. Aubert, and W. Wieling Steep fall in cardiac output is main determinant of hypotension during drug-free and nitroglycerine-induced orthostatic vasovagal syncope Heart Rhythm 5 2008 1695 1701
    • (2008) Heart Rhythm , vol.5 , pp. 1695-1701
    • Verheyden, B.1    Liu, J.2    Van Dijk, N.3    Westerhof, B.E.4    Reybrouck, T.5    Aubert, A.E.6    Wieling, W.7
  • 79
    • 4043094210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sublingual nitroglycerin used in routine tilt testing provokes a cardiac output-mediated vasovagal response
    • J. Gisolf, B.E. Westerhof, N. van Dijk, K.H. Wesseling, W. Wieling, and J.M. Karemaker Sublingual nitroglycerin used in routine tilt testing provokes a cardiac output-mediated vasovagal response J Am Coll Cardiol 44 2004 588 593
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.44 , pp. 588-593
    • Gisolf, J.1    Westerhof, B.E.2    Van Dijk, N.3    Wesseling, K.H.4    Wieling, W.5    Karemaker, J.M.6
  • 80
  • 81
    • 84906088456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of neurally mediated syncope: Role of cardiac output and total peripheral resistance
    • Q. Fu, and B.D. Levine Pathophysiology of neurally mediated syncope: Role of cardiac output and total peripheral resistance Auton Neurosci 184 2014 24 26
    • (2014) Auton Neurosci , vol.184 , pp. 24-26
    • Fu, Q.1    Levine, B.D.2
  • 85
    • 12244278258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between vasovagal hypotension and low sympathetic neural activity during presyncope
    • W.H. Cooke, and V.A. Convertino Association between vasovagal hypotension and low sympathetic neural activity during presyncope Clin Auton Res 12 2002 483 486
    • (2002) Clin Auton Res , vol.12 , pp. 483-486
    • Cooke, W.H.1    Convertino, V.A.2
  • 86
    • 77955777483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of muscle sympathetic nerve activity during vasovagal syncope
    • G. Vaddadi, M.D. Esler, T. Dawood, and E. Lambert Persistence of muscle sympathetic nerve activity during vasovagal syncope Eur Heart J 31 2010 2027 2033
    • (2010) Eur Heart J , vol.31 , pp. 2027-2033
    • Vaddadi, G.1    Esler, M.D.2    Dawood, T.3    Lambert, E.4
  • 88
    • 84887616472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to differentiate syncope from seizure
    • R. Sheldon How to differentiate syncope from seizure Card Electrophysiol Clin 5 2013 423 431
    • (2013) Card Electrophysiol Clin , vol.5 , pp. 423-431
    • Sheldon, R.1
  • 90
    • 78650105434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Syncope and structural heart disease: Historical criteria for vasovagal syncope and ventricular tachycardia
    • R. Sheldon, A. Hersi, D. Ritchie, M.L. Koshman, and S. Rose Syncope and structural heart disease: historical criteria for vasovagal syncope and ventricular tachycardia J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 21 2010 1358 1364
    • (2010) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.21 , pp. 1358-1364
    • Sheldon, R.1    Hersi, A.2    Ritchie, D.3    Koshman, M.L.4    Rose, S.5
  • 93
    • 0031827966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electroencephalographic findings during presyncope and syncope induced by tilt table testing
    • R.S. Sheldon, M.L. Koshman, and W.F. Murphy Electroencephalographic findings during presyncope and syncope induced by tilt table testing Can J Cardiol 14 1998 811 816
    • (1998) Can J Cardiol , vol.14 , pp. 811-816
    • Sheldon, R.S.1    Koshman, M.L.2    Murphy, W.F.3
  • 94
    • 71549171152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosing vasovagal syncope based on quantitative history-taking: Validation of the Calgary Syncope Symptom Score
    • J.J. Romme, N. van Dijk, K.R. Boer, P.M. Bossuyt, W. Wieling, and J.B. Reitsma Diagnosing vasovagal syncope based on quantitative history-taking: validation of the Calgary Syncope Symptom Score Eur Heart J 30 2009 2888 2896
    • (2009) Eur Heart J , vol.30 , pp. 2888-2896
    • Romme, J.J.1    Van Dijk, N.2    Boer, K.R.3    Bossuyt, P.M.4    Wieling, W.5    Reitsma, J.B.6
  • 95
    • 84880951530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usefulness of the Calgary Syncope Symptom Score for the diagnosis of vasovagal syncope in the elderly
    • V. Exposito, J.C. Guzman, M. Orava, L. Armaganijan, and C.A. Morillo Usefulness of the Calgary Syncope Symptom Score for the diagnosis of vasovagal syncope in the elderly Europace 15 2013 1210 1214
    • (2013) Europace , vol.15 , pp. 1210-1214
    • Exposito, V.1    Guzman, J.C.2    Orava, M.3    Armaganijan, L.4    Morillo, C.A.5
  • 97
    • 58849139326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the cause of syncope from clinical history in patients undergoing prolonged monitoring
    • S. Sud, G.J. Klein, A.C. Skanes, L.J. Gula, R. Yee, and A.D. Krahn Predicting the cause of syncope from clinical history in patients undergoing prolonged monitoring Heart Rhythm 6 2009 238 243
    • (2009) Heart Rhythm , vol.6 , pp. 238-243
    • Sud, S.1    Klein, G.J.2    Skanes, A.C.3    Gula, L.J.4    Yee, R.5    Krahn, A.D.6
  • 98
    • 0029044204 scopus 로고
    • Provocation of hypotension during head-up tilt testing in subjects with no history of syncope or presyncope
    • A. Natale, M. Akhtar, M. Jazayeri, A. Dhala, Z. Blanck, S. Deshpande, A. Krebs, and J.S. Sra Provocation of hypotension during head-up tilt testing in subjects with no history of syncope or presyncope Circulation 92 1995 54 58
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , pp. 54-58
    • Natale, A.1    Akhtar, M.2    Jazayeri, M.3    Dhala, A.4    Blanck, Z.5    Deshpande, S.6    Krebs, A.7    Sra, J.S.8
  • 99
    • 56749179835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical predictors of cardiac syncope at initial evaluation in patients referred urgently to a general hospital: The EGSYS score
    • A. Del Rosso, A. Ungar, R. Maggi, F. Giada, N.R. Petix, T. De Santo, C. Menozzi, and M. Brignole Clinical predictors of cardiac syncope at initial evaluation in patients referred urgently to a general hospital: the EGSYS score Heart 94 2008 1620 1626
    • (2008) Heart , vol.94 , pp. 1620-1626
    • Del Rosso, A.1    Ungar, A.2    Maggi, R.3    Giada, F.4    Petix, N.R.5    De Santo, T.6    Menozzi, C.7    Brignole, M.8
  • 101
    • 84875243481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical laboratory testing: What is the role of tilt-table testing, active standing test, carotid massage, electrophysiological testing and ATP test in the syncope evaluation?
    • J.J. Blanc Clinical laboratory testing: what is the role of tilt-table testing, active standing test, carotid massage, electrophysiological testing and ATP test in the syncope evaluation? Prog Cardiovasc Dis 55 2013 418 424
    • (2013) Prog Cardiovasc Dis , vol.55 , pp. 418-424
    • Blanc, J.J.1
  • 102
    • 30744432342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical impact of implantable loop recorders in patients with syncope
    • D.J. Farwell, N. Freemantle, and N. Sulke The clinical impact of implantable loop recorders in patients with syncope Eur Heart J 27 2006 351 356
    • (2006) Eur Heart J , vol.27 , pp. 351-356
    • Farwell, D.J.1    Freemantle, N.2    Sulke, N.3
  • 103
    • 0042490666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost implications of testing strategy in patients with syncope: Randomized assessment of syncope trial
    • A.D. Krahn, G.J. Klein, R. Yee, J.S. Hoch, and A.C. Skanes Cost implications of testing strategy in patients with syncope: randomized assessment of syncope trial J Am Coll Cardiol 42 2003 495 501
    • (2003) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.42 , pp. 495-501
    • Krahn, A.D.1    Klein, G.J.2    Yee, R.3    Hoch, J.S.4    Skanes, A.C.5
  • 104
    • 0032127762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Final results from a pilot study with an implantable loop recorder to determine the etiology of syncope in patients with negative noninvasive and invasive testing
    • A.D. Krahn, G.J. Klein, R. Yee, and C. Norris Final results from a pilot study with an implantable loop recorder to determine the etiology of syncope in patients with negative noninvasive and invasive testing Am J Cardiol 82 1998 117 119
    • (1998) Am J Cardiol , vol.82 , pp. 117-119
    • Krahn, A.D.1    Klein, G.J.2    Yee, R.3    Norris, C.4
  • 105
    • 0029120382 scopus 로고
    • The etiology of syncope in patients with negative tilt table and electrophysiological testing
    • A.D. Krahn, G.J. Klein, C. Norris, and R. Yee The etiology of syncope in patients with negative tilt table and electrophysiological testing Circulation 92 1995 1819 1824
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , pp. 1819-1824
    • Krahn, A.D.1    Klein, G.J.2    Norris, C.3    Yee, R.4
  • 106
    • 0032943618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of an extended monitoring strategy in patients with problematic syncope. Reveal Investigators
    • A.D. Krahn, G.J. Klein, R. Yee, T. Takle-Newhouse, and C. Norris Use of an extended monitoring strategy in patients with problematic syncope. Reveal Investigators Circulation 99 1999 406 410
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.99 , pp. 406-410
    • Krahn, A.D.1    Klein, G.J.2    Yee, R.3    Takle-Newhouse, T.4    Norris, C.5
  • 107
    • 0035845679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Study on Syncope of Uncertain Etiology (ISSUE) Investigators. Mechanism of syncope in patients with isolated syncope and in patients with tilt-positive syncope
    • A. Moya, M. Brignole, C. Menozzi, R. Garcia-Civera, S. Tognarini, L. Mont, G. Botto, F. Giada, and D. Cornacchia International Study on Syncope of Uncertain Etiology (ISSUE) Investigators. Mechanism of syncope in patients with isolated syncope and in patients with tilt-positive syncope Circulation 104 2001 1261 1267
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 1261-1267
    • Moya, A.1    Brignole, M.2    Menozzi, C.3    Garcia-Civera, R.4    Tognarini, S.5    Mont, L.6    Botto, G.7    Giada, F.8    Cornacchia, D.9
  • 108
    • 56349153755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproducibility of electrocardiographic findings in patients with suspected reflex neurally-mediated syncope
    • A. Moya, M. Brignole, and R. Sutton Reproducibility of electrocardiographic findings in patients with suspected reflex neurally-mediated syncope Am J Cardiol 102 2008 1518 1523
    • (2008) Am J Cardiol , vol.102 , pp. 1518-1523
    • Moya, A.1    Brignole, M.2    Sutton, R.3
  • 109
    • 3042586620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence, diagnostic yield and safety of the implantable loop-recorder to detect the mechanism of syncope in patients with and without structural heart disease
    • A. Solano, C. Menozzi, R. Maggi, P. Donateo, N. Bottoni, G. Lolli, C. Tomasi, F. Croci, D. Oddone, E. Puggioni, and M. Brignole Incidence, diagnostic yield and safety of the implantable loop-recorder to detect the mechanism of syncope in patients with and without structural heart disease Eur Heart J 25 2004 1116 1119
    • (2004) Eur Heart J , vol.25 , pp. 1116-1119
    • Solano, A.1    Menozzi, C.2    Maggi, R.3    Donateo, P.4    Bottoni, N.5    Lolli, G.6    Tomasi, C.7    Croci, F.8    Oddone, D.9    Puggioni, E.10    Brignole, M.11
  • 110
    • 33646264814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Study on Syncope of Uncertain Etiology (ISSUE) 2 Group. Early application of an implantable loop recorder allows effective specific therapy in patients with recurrent suspected neurally mediated syncope
    • M. Brignole, R. Sutton, C. Menozzi, R. Garcia-Civera, A. Moya, W. Wieling, D. Andresen, D.G. Benditt, and P. Vardas International Study on Syncope of Uncertain Etiology (ISSUE) 2 Group. Early application of an implantable loop recorder allows effective specific therapy in patients with recurrent suspected neurally mediated syncope Eur Heart J 27 2006 1085 1092
    • (2006) Eur Heart J , vol.27 , pp. 1085-1092
    • Brignole, M.1    Sutton, R.2    Menozzi, C.3    Garcia-Civera, R.4    Moya, A.5    Wieling, W.6    Andresen, D.7    Benditt, D.G.8    Vardas, P.9
  • 111
    • 84861583196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pacemaker therapy in patients with neurally mediated syncope and documented asystole: Third International Study on Syncope of Uncertain Etiology (ISSUE-3): A randomized trial
    • M. Brignole, C. Menozzi, and A. Moya Pacemaker therapy in patients with neurally mediated syncope and documented asystole: Third International Study on Syncope of Uncertain Etiology (ISSUE-3): a randomized trial Circulation 125 2012 2566 2571
    • (2012) Circulation , vol.125 , pp. 2566-2571
    • Brignole, M.1    Menozzi, C.2    Moya, A.3
  • 112
    • 84898877322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefit of pacemaker therapy in patients with presumed neurally mediated syncope and documented asystole is greater when tilt test is negative: An analysis from the third International Study on Syncope of Uncertain Etiology (ISSUE-3)
    • M. Brignole, P. Donateo, and M. Tomaino Benefit of pacemaker therapy in patients with presumed neurally mediated syncope and documented asystole is greater when tilt test is negative: an analysis from the third International Study on Syncope of Uncertain Etiology (ISSUE-3) Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 7 2014 10 16
    • (2014) Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol , vol.7 , pp. 10-16
    • Brignole, M.1    Donateo, P.2    Tomaino, M.3
  • 113
    • 84866740181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Key challenges in the current management of syncope
    • R. Sutton, M. Brignole, and D.G. Benditt Key challenges in the current management of syncope Nat Rev Cardiol 9 2012 590 598
    • (2012) Nat Rev Cardiol , vol.9 , pp. 590-598
    • Sutton, R.1    Brignole, M.2    Benditt, D.G.3
  • 114
    • 57149146317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence-based treatment for vasovagal syncope
    • V. Kuriachan, R.S. Sheldon, and M. Platonov Evidence-based treatment for vasovagal syncope Heart Rhythm 5 2008 1609 1614
    • (2008) Heart Rhythm , vol.5 , pp. 1609-1614
    • Kuriachan, V.1    Sheldon, R.S.2    Platonov, M.3
  • 115
    • 84883286184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are treatments for vasovagal syncope effective? A meta-analysis
    • A. Vyas, P.D. Swaminathan, M.B. Zimmerman, and B. Olshansky Are treatments for vasovagal syncope effective? A meta-analysis Int J Cardiol 167 2013 1906 1911
    • (2013) Int J Cardiol , vol.167 , pp. 1906-1911
    • Vyas, A.1    Swaminathan, P.D.2    Zimmerman, M.B.3    Olshansky, B.4
  • 116
    • 0042668318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of syncope referred urgently to general hospitals with and without syncope units
    • M. Brignole, M. Disertori, and C. Menozzi Management of syncope referred urgently to general hospitals with and without syncope units Europace 5 2003 293 298
    • (2003) Europace , vol.5 , pp. 293-298
    • Brignole, M.1    Disertori, M.2    Menozzi, C.3
  • 117
    • 84964545294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of reflex syncope
    • R. Sutton Treatment of reflex syncope J Med Diagn Meth 2013 2
    • (2013) J Med Diagn Meth , pp. 2
    • Sutton, R.1
  • 118
    • 0037167725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of vasovagal syncope: Controlling or aborting faints by leg crossing and muscle tensing
    • C.T. Krediet, N. van Dijk, M. Linzer, J.J. van Lieshout, and W. Wieling Management of vasovagal syncope: controlling or aborting faints by leg crossing and muscle tensing Circulation 106 2002 1684 1689
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 1684-1689
    • Krediet, C.T.1    Van Dijk, N.2    Linzer, M.3    Van Lieshout, J.J.4    Wieling, W.5
  • 120
    • 33749518856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PC-Trial Investigators. Effectiveness of physical counter pressure maneuvers in preventing vasovagal syncope: The Physical Counter pressure Manoeuvres Trial (PC-Trial)
    • N. van Dijk, F. Quartieri, J.J. Blanc, R. Garcia-Civera, M. Brignole, A. Moya, and W. Wieling PC-Trial Investigators. Effectiveness of physical counter pressure maneuvers in preventing vasovagal syncope: the Physical Counter pressure Manoeuvres Trial (PC-Trial) J Am Coll Cardiol 48 2006 1652 1657
    • (2006) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.48 , pp. 1652-1657
    • Van Dijk, N.1    Quartieri, F.2    Blanc, J.J.3    Garcia-Civera, R.4    Brignole, M.5    Moya, A.6    Wieling, W.7
  • 121
    • 0035131226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of efficacy of atenolol for the prevention of neurally mediated syncope in a highly symptomatic population: A prospective, double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled study
    • A.H. Madrid, J. Ortega, J.G. Rebollo, J.G. Manzano, J.G. Segovia, A. Sanchez, G. Pena, and C. Moro Lack of efficacy of atenolol for the prevention of neurally mediated syncope in a highly symptomatic population: a prospective, double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled study J Am Coll Cardiol 37 2001 554 559
    • (2001) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.37 , pp. 554-559
    • Madrid, A.H.1    Ortega, J.2    Rebollo, J.G.3    Manzano, J.G.4    Segovia, J.G.5    Sanchez, A.6    Pena, G.7    Moro, C.8
  • 123
    • 13544251501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of fludrocortisone and salt in preventing syncope recurrence in children: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial
    • M.A. Salim, and T.G. Di Sessa Effectiveness of fludrocortisone and salt in preventing syncope recurrence in children: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial J Am Coll Cardiol 45 2005 484 488
    • (2005) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.45 , pp. 484-488
    • Salim, M.A.1    Di Sessa, T.G.2
  • 124
    • 80054879068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of midodrine treatment in patients with recurrent vasovagal syncope not responding to non-pharmacological treatment (STAND-trial)
    • J.J. Romme, N. van Dijk, I.K. Go-Schon, J.B. Reitsma, and W. Wieling Effectiveness of midodrine treatment in patients with recurrent vasovagal syncope not responding to non-pharmacological treatment (STAND-trial) Europace 13 2011 1639 1647
    • (2011) Europace , vol.13 , pp. 1639-1647
    • Romme, J.J.1    Van Dijk, N.2    Go-Schon, I.K.3    Reitsma, J.B.4    Wieling, W.5
  • 125
    • 0035399906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of midodrine hydrochloride in patients with refractory vasovagal syncope
    • N. Samniah, S. Sakaguchi, K.G. Lurie, D. Iskos, and D.G. Benditt Efficacy and safety of midodrine hydrochloride in patients with refractory vasovagal syncope Am J Cardiol 88 A7 2001 80 83
    • (2001) Am J Cardiol , vol.88 , Issue.A7 , pp. 80-83
    • Samniah, N.1    Sakaguchi, S.2    Lurie, K.G.3    Iskos, D.4    Benditt, D.G.5
  • 126
    • 0034888022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usefulness of midodrine in patients with severely symptomatic neurocardiogenic syncope: A randomized control study
    • A. Perez-Lugones, R. Schweikert, and S. Pavia Usefulness of midodrine in patients with severely symptomatic neurocardiogenic syncope: a randomized control study J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 12 2001 935 938
    • (2001) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.12 , pp. 935-938
    • Perez-Lugones, A.1    Schweikert, R.2    Pavia, S.3
  • 127
    • 0031958883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midodrine: A role in the management of neurocardiogenic syncope
    • C.R. Ward, J.C. Gray, J.J. Gilroy, and R.A. Kenny Midodrine: a role in the management of neurocardiogenic syncope Heart 79 1998 45 49
    • (1998) Heart , vol.79 , pp. 45-49
    • Ward, C.R.1    Gray, J.C.2    Gilroy, J.J.3    Kenny, R.A.4
  • 128
    • 33751372802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of midodrine hydrochloride in the treatment of children with vasovagal syncope
    • Z. Qingyou, D. Junbao, and T. Chaoshu The efficacy of midodrine hydrochloride in the treatment of children with vasovagal syncope J Pediatr 149 2006 777 780
    • (2006) J Pediatr , vol.149 , pp. 777-780
    • Qingyou, Z.1    Junbao, D.2    Chaoshu, T.3
  • 129
    • 84872114280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rationale for the prevention of syncope trial IV: Assessment of midodrine
    • S.R. Raj, P.D. Faris, M. McRae, and R.S. Sheldon Rationale for the prevention of syncope trial IV: assessment of midodrine Clin Auton Res 22 2012 275 280
    • (2012) Clin Auton Res , vol.22 , pp. 275-280
    • Raj, S.R.1    Faris, P.D.2    McRae, M.3    Sheldon, R.S.4
  • 131
    • 0037126080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonin reuptake inhibitor (Paxil) does not prevent the vasovagal reaction associated with carotid sinus massage and/or lower body negative pressure in healthy volunteers
    • T.S. Takata, S.L. Wasmund, M.L. Smith, J.M. Li, J.A. Joglar, K. Banks, R.C. Kowal, R.L. Page, and M.H. Hamdan Serotonin reuptake inhibitor (Paxil) does not prevent the vasovagal reaction associated with carotid sinus massage and/or lower body negative pressure in healthy volunteers Circulation 106 2002 1500 1504
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 1500-1504
    • Takata, T.S.1    Wasmund, S.L.2    Smith, M.L.3    Li, J.M.4    Joglar, J.A.5    Banks, K.6    Kowal, R.C.7    Page, R.L.8    Hamdan, M.H.9
  • 132
    • 0033117026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of paroxetine hydrochloride, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on refractory vasovagal syncope: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • E. Di Girolamo, C. Di Iorio, P. Sabatini, L. Leonzio, C. Barbone, and A. Barsotti Effects of paroxetine hydrochloride, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on refractory vasovagal syncope: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study J Am Coll Cardiol 33 1999 1227 1230
    • (1999) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.33 , pp. 1227-1230
    • Di Girolamo, E.1    Di Iorio, C.2    Sabatini, P.3    Leonzio, L.4    Barbone, C.5    Barsotti, A.6
  • 133
    • 0032947494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The North American Vasovagal Pacemaker Study (VPS). A randomized trial of permanent cardiac pacing for the prevention of vasovagal syncope
    • S.J. Connolly, R. Sheldon, R.S. Roberts, and M. Gent The North American Vasovagal Pacemaker Study (VPS). A randomized trial of permanent cardiac pacing for the prevention of vasovagal syncope J Am Coll Cardiol 33 1999 16 20
    • (1999) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.33 , pp. 16-20
    • Connolly, S.J.1    Sheldon, R.2    Roberts, R.S.3    Gent, M.4
  • 134
    • 0034682653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual-chamber pacing in the treatment of neurally mediated tilt-positive cardioinhibitory syncope: Pacemaker versus no therapy: A multicenter randomized study. The Vasovagal Syncope International Study (VASIS) Investigators
    • R. Sutton, M. Brignole, C. Menozzi, A. Raviele, P. Alboni, P. Giani, and A. Moya Dual-chamber pacing in the treatment of neurally mediated tilt-positive cardioinhibitory syncope: pacemaker versus no therapy: a multicenter randomized study. The Vasovagal Syncope International Study (VASIS) Investigators Circulation 102 2000 294 299
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.102 , pp. 294-299
    • Sutton, R.1    Brignole, M.2    Menozzi, C.3    Raviele, A.4    Alboni, P.5    Giani, P.6    Moya, A.7
  • 135
    • 0035800092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Permanent cardiac pacing versus medical treatment for the prevention of recurrent vasovagal syncope: A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial
    • F. Ammirati, F. Colivicchi, M. Santini, D. Syncope Treatment Study I. Permanent cardiac pacing versus medical treatment for the prevention of recurrent vasovagal syncope: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial Circulation 104 2001 52 57
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 52-57
    • Ammirati, F.1    Colivicchi, F.2    Santini, M.3    Syncope, D.4
  • 136
    • 0037809703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pacemaker therapy for prevention of syncope in patients with recurrent severe vasovagal syncope: Second Vasovagal Pacemaker Study (VPS II): A randomized trial
    • S.J. Connolly, R. Sheldon, K.E. Thorpe, R.S. Roberts, K.A. Ellenbogen, B.L. Wilkoff, C. Morillo, M. Gent VPS II Investigators Pacemaker therapy for prevention of syncope in patients with recurrent severe vasovagal syncope: Second Vasovagal Pacemaker Study (VPS II): a randomized trial JAMA 289 2003 2224 2229
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.289 , pp. 2224-2229
    • Connolly, S.J.1    Sheldon, R.2    Thorpe, K.E.3    Roberts, R.S.4    Ellenbogen, K.A.5    Wilkoff, B.L.6    Morillo, C.7    Gent, M.8
  • 137
    • 4644250818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vasovagal Syncope and Pacing Trial Investigators. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of permanent cardiac pacing for the treatment of recurrent tilt-induced vasovagal syncope. The vasovagal syncope and pacing trial (SYNPACE)
    • A. Raviele, F. Giada, C. Menozzi, G. Speca, S. Orazi, G. Gasparini, R. Sutton, and M. Brignole Vasovagal Syncope and Pacing Trial Investigators. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of permanent cardiac pacing for the treatment of recurrent tilt-induced vasovagal syncope. The vasovagal syncope and pacing trial (SYNPACE) Eur Heart J 25 2004 1741 1748
    • (2004) Eur Heart J , vol.25 , pp. 1741-1748
    • Raviele, A.1    Giada, F.2    Menozzi, C.3    Speca, G.4    Orazi, S.5    Gasparini, G.6    Sutton, R.7    Brignole, M.8
  • 138
    • 34447546855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of mechanism of bradycardia on response to pacing in patients with unexplained syncope
    • S. Sud, G.J. Klein, A.C. Skanes, L.J. Gula, R. Yee, and A.D. Krahn Implications of mechanism of bradycardia on response to pacing in patients with unexplained syncope Europace 9 2007 312 318
    • (2007) Europace , vol.9 , pp. 312-318
    • Sud, S.1    Klein, G.J.2    Skanes, A.C.3    Gula, L.J.4    Yee, R.5    Krahn, A.D.6
  • 140
    • 79959780276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Syncope due to idiopathic paroxysmal atrioventricular block: Long-term follow-up of a distinct form of atrioventricular block
    • M. Brignole, J.C. Deharo, L. De Roy, C. Menozzi, D. Blommaert, L. Dabiri, J. Ruf, and R. Guieu Syncope due to idiopathic paroxysmal atrioventricular block: long-term follow-up of a distinct form of atrioventricular block J Am Coll Cardiol 58 2011 167 173
    • (2011) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.58 , pp. 167-173
    • Brignole, M.1    Deharo, J.C.2    De Roy, L.3    Menozzi, C.4    Blommaert, D.5    Dabiri, L.6    Ruf, J.7    Guieu, R.8
  • 142
    • 0032700027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac pacing for severe childhood neurally mediated syncope with reflex anoxic seizures
    • K.A. McLeod, N. Wilson, J. Hewitt, J. Norrie, and J.B. Stephenson Cardiac pacing for severe childhood neurally mediated syncope with reflex anoxic seizures Heart 82 1999 721 725
    • (1999) Heart , vol.82 , pp. 721-725
    • McLeod, K.A.1    Wilson, N.2    Hewitt, J.3    Norrie, J.4    Stephenson, J.B.5
  • 144
    • 0036629952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise-related syncope in young competitive athletes without evidence of structural heart disease. Clinical presentation and long-term outcome
    • F. Colivicchi, F. Ammirati, A. Biffi, L. Verdile, A. Pelliccia, and M. Santini Exercise-related syncope in young competitive athletes without evidence of structural heart disease. Clinical presentation and long-term outcome Eur Heart J 23 2002 1125 1130
    • (2002) Eur Heart J , vol.23 , pp. 1125-1130
    • Colivicchi, F.1    Ammirati, F.2    Biffi, A.3    Verdile, L.4    Pelliccia, A.5    Santini, M.6
  • 145
    • 84892365927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is brain fog? An evaluation of the symptom in postural tachycardia syndrome
    • A.J. Ross, M.S. Medow, P.C. Rowe, and J.M. Stewart What is brain fog? An evaluation of the symptom in postural tachycardia syndrome Clin Auton Res 23 2013 305 311
    • (2013) Clin Auton Res , vol.23 , pp. 305-311
    • Ross, A.J.1    Medow, M.S.2    Rowe, P.C.3    Stewart, J.M.4
  • 146
    • 79953656638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midodrine hydrochloride is effective in the treatment of children with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
    • L. Chen, L. Wang, J. Sun, J. Qin, C. Tang, H. Jin, and J. Du Midodrine hydrochloride is effective in the treatment of children with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome Circ J 75 2011 927 931
    • (2011) Circ J , vol.75 , pp. 927-931
    • Chen, L.1    Wang, L.2    Sun, J.3    Qin, J.4    Tang, C.5    Jin, H.6    Du, J.7
  • 147
    • 42049097683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized comparison of metoprolol versus conventional treatment in preventing recurrence of vasovagal syncope in children and adolescents
    • Q. Zhang, H. Jin, L. Wang, J. Chen, C. Tang, and J. Du Randomized comparison of metoprolol versus conventional treatment in preventing recurrence of vasovagal syncope in children and adolescents Med Science Monitor 14 2008 CR199 CR203
    • (2008) Med Science Monitor , vol.14 , pp. CR199-CR203
    • Zhang, Q.1    Jin, H.2    Wang, L.3    Chen, J.4    Tang, C.5    Du, J.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.