메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 73, Issue 5-6, 2015, Pages 360-366

Statins for treating Alzheimer's disease: Truly ineffective?

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Alzheimer's disease assessment scale; Apolipoprotein E 4 allele; Beta amyloid; Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; Mini mental state examination; Randomized controlled trial; Statins

Indexed keywords

ATORVASTATIN; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR; DONEPEZIL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; MEMANTINE; PLACEBO; RIVASTIGMINE; SIMVASTATIN;

EID: 84930246184     PISSN: 00143022     EISSN: 14219913     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000382128     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (14)

References (38)
  • 1
    • 84899935373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel mechanism for cyclic adenosine monophosphate-mediated memory formation: Role of amyloid beta
    • Ricciarelli R, Puzzo D, Bruno O, et al: A novel mechanism for cyclic adenosine monophosphate-mediated memory formation: role of amyloid beta. Ann Neurol 2014; 75: 602-607.
    • (2014) Ann Neurol , vol.75 , pp. 602-607
    • Ricciarelli, R.1    Puzzo, D.2    Bruno, O.3
  • 2
    • 79955474315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous amyloid-β is necessary for hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory
    • Puzzo D, Privitera L, et al: Endogenous amyloid-β is necessary for hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory. Ann Neurol 2011; 69: 819-830.
    • (2011) Ann Neurol , vol.69 , pp. 819-830
    • Puzzo, D.1    Privitera, L.2
  • 3
    • 58149385218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Picomolar amyloid-beta positively modulates synaptic plasticity and memory in hippocampus
    • Puzzo D, Privitera L, et al: Picomolar amyloid-beta positively modulates synaptic plasticity and memory in hippocampus. J Neurosci 2008; 28: 14537-14545.
    • (2008) J Neurosci , vol.28 , pp. 14537-14545
    • Puzzo, D.1    Privitera, L.2
  • 4
    • 3042857903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease
    • Cummings JL: Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 56-67.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , pp. 56-67
    • Cummings, J.L.1
  • 5
    • 0035066332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease: Genes, proteins, and therapy
    • Selkoe DJ: Alzheimer's disease: genes, proteins, and therapy. Physiol Rev 2001; 81: 741-766.
    • (2001) Physiol Rev , vol.81 , pp. 741-766
    • Selkoe, D.J.1
  • 6
    • 84861675099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The amyloid precursor protein has a flexible transmembrane domain and binds cholesterol
    • Barrett PJ, Song Y, Van Horn WD, Hustedt EJ, Schafer JM, et al: The amyloid precursor protein has a flexible transmembrane domain and binds cholesterol. Science 2012; 336: 1168-1171.
    • (2012) Science , vol.336 , pp. 1168-1171
    • Barrett, P.J.1    Song, Y.2    Van Horn, W.D.3    Hustedt, E.J.4    Schafer, J.M.5
  • 7
    • 0345669752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease: The cholesterol connection
    • Puglielli L, Tanzi RE, Kovacs DM: Alzheimer's disease: the cholesterol connection. Nat Neurosci 2003; 6: 345-351.
    • (2003) Nat Neurosci , vol.6 , pp. 345-351
    • Puglielli, L.1    Tanzi, R.E.2    Kovacs, D.M.3
  • 8
    • 0030005627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apolipoprotein e alleles as risk factors in Alzheimer's disease
    • Roses AD: Apolipoprotein E alleles as risk factors in Alzheimer's disease. Annu Rev Med 1996; 47: 387-400.
    • (1996) Annu Rev Med , vol.47 , pp. 387-400
    • Roses, A.D.1
  • 9
    • 0031976318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum total cholesterol, apolipoprotein e epsilon 4 allele, and Alzheimer's disease
    • Notkola IL, Sulkava R, Pekkanen J, et al: Serum total cholesterol, apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele, and Alzheimer's disease. Neuroepidemiology 1998; 17: 14-20.
    • (1998) Neuroepidemiology , vol.17 , pp. 14-20
    • Notkola, I.L.1    Sulkava, R.2    Pekkanen, J.3
  • 10
    • 0034796318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human apolipoprotein E4 accelerates beta-amyloid deposition in APPsw transgenic mouse brain
    • Carter DB, Dunn E, McKinley DD, et al: Human apolipoprotein E4 accelerates beta-amyloid deposition in APPsw transgenic mouse brain. Ann Neurol 2001; 50: 468-475.
    • (2001) Ann Neurol , vol.50 , pp. 468-475
    • Carter, D.B.1    Dunn, E.2    McKinley, D.D.3
  • 11
    • 0028177562 scopus 로고
    • Induction of Alzheimerlike beta-amyloid immunoreactivity in the brains of rabbits with dietary cholesterol
    • Sparks DL, Scheff SW, Hunsaker JC 3rd, Liu H, Landers T, et al: Induction of Alzheimerlike beta-amyloid immunoreactivity in the brains of rabbits with dietary cholesterol. Exp Neurol 1994; 126: 88-94.
    • (1994) Exp Neurol , vol.126 , pp. 88-94
    • Sparks, D.L.1    Scheff, S.W.2    Hunsaker, J.C.3    Liu, H.4    Landers, T.5
  • 12
    • 0035160066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cholesterol-lowering drug reduces beta-amyloid pathology in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
    • Refolo LM, et al: A cholesterol-lowering drug reduces beta-amyloid pathology in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2001; 8: 890-899.
    • (2001) Neurobiol Dis , vol.8 , pp. 890-899
    • Refolo, L.M.1
  • 13
    • 0001504829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simvastatin strongly reduces levels of Alzheimer's disease beta-amyloid peptides Abeta 42 and Abeta 40 in vitro and in vivo
    • Fassbender K, Simons M, Bergmann C, et al: Simvastatin strongly reduces levels of Alzheimer's disease beta-amyloid peptides Abeta 42 and Abeta 40 in vitro and in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98: 5856-5861.
    • (2001) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.98 , pp. 5856-5861
    • Fassbender, K.1    Simons, M.2    Bergmann, C.3
  • 15
    • 0037262480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment with simvastatin in patients with Alzheimer's disease lowers both alpha- and beta-cleaved amyloid precursor protein
    • Sjögren M, Gustafsson K, Syversen S, et al: Treatment with simvastatin in patients with Alzheimer's disease lowers both alpha- and beta-cleaved amyloid precursor protein. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2003; 16: 25-30.
    • (2003) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord , vol.16 , pp. 25-30
    • Sjögren, M.1    Gustafsson, K.2    Syversen, S.3
  • 16
    • 79955521915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular risk factors promote conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease
    • Li J, Wang YJ, Zhang M, Xu ZQ, Gao CY, Fang CQ, Yan JC, Zhou HD: Vascular risk factors promote conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2011; 76: 1485-1491.
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.76 , pp. 1485-1491
    • Li, J.1    Wang, Y.J.2    Zhang, M.3    Xu, Z.Q.4    Gao, C.Y.5    Fang, C.Q.6    Yan, J.C.7    Zhou, H.D.8
  • 17
    • 3142729178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines
    • Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Merz CN, et al: Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Circulation 2004; 110: 227-239.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , pp. 227-239
    • Grundy, S.M.1    Cleeman, J.I.2    Merz, C.N.3
  • 18
    • 67649252917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of statins and incidence of dementia and cognitive impairment without dementia in a cohort study
    • Cramer C, Haan MN, Galea S, Langa KM, Kalbfleisch JD: Use of statins and incidence of dementia and cognitive impairment without dementia in a cohort study. Neurology 2008; 71: 344-350.
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.71 , pp. 344-350
    • Cramer, C.1    Haan, M.N.2    Galea, S.3    Langa, K.M.4    Kalbfleisch, J.D.5
  • 19
    • 0037031125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apolipoprotein e epsilon4 allele, elevated midlife total cholesterol level, and high midlife systolic blood pressure are independent risk factors for late-life Alzheimer disease
    • Kivipelto M, Helkala EL, Laakso MP, Hänninen T, Hallikainen M, Alhainen K, et al: Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele, elevated midlife total cholesterol level, and high midlife systolic blood pressure are independent risk factors for late-life Alzheimer disease. Ann Intern Med 2002; 137: 149-155.
    • (2002) Ann Intern Med , vol.137 , pp. 149-155
    • Kivipelto, M.1    Helkala, E.L.2    Laakso, M.P.3    Hänninen, T.4    Hallikainen, M.5    Alhainen, K.6
  • 20
    • 8644239495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statin therapy and risk of dementia in the elderly: A community-based prospective cohort study
    • Li G, Higdon R, Kukull W, et al: Statin therapy and risk of dementia in the elderly: a community-based prospective cohort study. Neurology 2004; 63: 1624-1628.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.63 , pp. 1624-1628
    • Li, G.1    Higdon, R.2    Kukull, W.3
  • 21
    • 0037164314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): A randomised controlled trial
    • Shepherd J, Blauw GJ, et al: Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 1623-1630.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 1623-1630
    • Shepherd, J.1    Blauw, G.J.2
  • 22
    • 0029914622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: Is blinding necessary?
    • Jadad AR, Moore RA, et al: Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials 1996; 17: 1-12.
    • (1996) Control Clin Trials , vol.17 , pp. 1-12
    • Jadad, A.R.1    Moore, R.A.2
  • 23
    • 0036714243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment with simvastatin in normocholesterolemic patients with Alzheimer's disease: A 26-week randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial
    • Simons M, Schwärzler F, Lütjohann D, et al: Treatment with simvastatin in normocholesterolemic patients with Alzheimer's disease: a 26-week randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Ann Neurol 2002; 52: 346-350.
    • (2002) Ann Neurol , vol.52 , pp. 346-350
    • Simons, M.1    Schwärzler, F.2    Lütjohann, D.3
  • 24
    • 20844440894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atorvastatin for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: Preliminary results
    • Sparks DL, Sabbagh MN, Connor DJ, Lopez J, Launer LJ, et al: Atorvastatin for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: preliminary results. Arch Neurol 2005; 62: 753-757.
    • (2005) Arch Neurol , vol.62 , pp. 753-757
    • Sparks, D.L.1    Sabbagh, M.N.2    Connor, D.J.3    Lopez, J.4    Launer, L.J.5
  • 25
    • 77949908687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized controlled trial of atorvastatin in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: LEADe
    • Feldman HH, Doody RS, et al: Randomized controlled trial of atorvastatin in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: LEADe. Neurology 2010; 74: 956-964.
    • (2010) Neurology , vol.74 , pp. 956-964
    • Feldman, H.H.1    Doody, R.S.2
  • 26
    • 80053336026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of simvastatin to treat Alzheimer disease
    • Sano M, Bell KL, Galasko D, et al: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of simvastatin to treat Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2011; 77: 556-563.
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.77 , pp. 556-563
    • Sano, M.1    Bell, K.L.2    Galasko, D.3
  • 27
    • 0028334550 scopus 로고
    • Clinical implications of the biopharmaceutical properties of fluvastatin
    • Deslypere JP: Clinical implications of the biopharmaceutical properties of fluvastatin. Am J Cardiol 1994; 73: 12D-17D.
    • (1994) Am J Cardiol , vol.73 , pp. 12D-17D
    • Deslypere, J.P.1
  • 28
    • 0032568552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol depletion inhibits the generation of beta-amyloid in hippocampal neurons
    • Simons M, Keller P, De Strooper B, et al: Cholesterol depletion inhibits the generation of beta-amyloid in hippocampal neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95: 6460-6464.
    • (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.95 , pp. 6460-6464
    • Simons, M.1    Keller, P.2    De Strooper, B.3
  • 29
    • 0035949755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol and Alzheimer's disease: Is there a link?
    • Simons M, Keller P, Dichgans J, Schulz JB: Cholesterol and Alzheimer's disease: is there a link? Neurology 2001; 57: 1089-1093.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.57 , pp. 1089-1093
    • Simons, M.1    Keller, P.2    Dichgans, J.3    Schulz, J.B.4
  • 30
    • 84932198450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The correlation between vascular risk factors and Alzheimer's disease
    • Zeng F, Wang YJ, et al: The correlation between vascular risk factors and Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2013; 9: 740.
    • (2013) Alzheimers Dement , vol.9 , pp. 740
    • Zeng, F.1    Wang, Y.J.2
  • 32
    • 0018887732 scopus 로고
    • Pathological verification of ischemic score in differentiation of dementias
    • Rosen WG, Terry RD, Fuld PA, Katzman R, Peck A: Pathological verification of ischemic score in differentiation of dementias. Ann Neurol 1980; 7: 486-488.
    • (1980) Ann Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 486-488
    • Rosen, W.G.1    Terry, R.D.2    Fuld, P.A.3    Katzman, R.4    Peck, A.5
  • 33
    • 0038100154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibodies against beta-amyloid slow cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease
    • Hock C, Konietzko U, Streffer JR, et al: Antibodies against beta-amyloid slow cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Neuron 2003; 38: 547-554.
    • (2003) Neuron , vol.38 , pp. 547-554
    • Hock, C.1    Konietzko, U.2    Streffer, J.R.3
  • 34
    • 70349334173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of vascular risk factors is associated with slower decline in Alzheimer disease
    • Deschaintre Y, Richard F, Leys D, Pasquier F: Treatment of vascular risk factors is associated with slower decline in Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2009; 73: 674-680.
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.73 , pp. 674-680
    • Deschaintre, Y.1    Richard, F.2    Leys, D.3    Pasquier, F.4
  • 36
    • 33846348016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pleiotropic effects of statins and related pharmacological experimental approaches
    • Alegret M, Silvestre JS: Pleiotropic effects of statins and related pharmacological experimental approaches. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 2006; 28: 627-656.
    • (2006) Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol , vol.28 , pp. 627-656
    • Alegret, M.1    Silvestre, J.S.2
  • 37
    • 84870199964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol and Alzheimer's disease: A still poorly understood correlation
    • Ricciarelli R, Canepa E, et al: Cholesterol and Alzheimer's disease: a still poorly understood correlation. IUBMB Life 2012; 64: 931-935.
    • (2012) IUBMB Life , vol.64 , pp. 931-935
    • Ricciarelli, R.1    Canepa, E.2
  • 38
    • 84871922036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deciphering the mechanism underlying late-onset Alzheimer disease
    • Krstic D, Knuesel I: Deciphering the mechanism underlying late-onset Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2013; 9: 25-34.
    • (2013) Nat Rev Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 25-34
    • Krstic, D.1    Knuesel, I.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.