The mediodorsal thalamus as a higher order thalamic relay nucleus important for learning and decision-making

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Volumn 54, Issue , 2015, Pages 76-88

  Mitchell, Anna S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Associative learning; Glutamate; Human; Macaque; Prefrontal cortex; Primate; Recognition memory; Reticular thalamus; Rodent

Indexed keywords

BEHAVIOR; BRAIN DAMAGE; BRAIN NUCLEUS; COGNITION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CORTICOCORTICAL COMMUNICATION; CORTICOTHALAMOCORTICAL CONNECTION; DECISION MAKING; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; EXPERIMENTAL RAT; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; HAPLORHINI; HIGHER ORDER THALAMIC RELAY NUCLEUS; HUMAN; LEARNING; MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE; MEDIODORSAL THALAMUS; MEDIODORSAL THALAMUS MAGNOCELLULAR; MEDIODORSAL THALAMUS PARS CAUDODORSALIS; MEDIODORSAL THALAMUS PARS PARVICELLULARIS; MEMORY; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; MORPHOLOGY; NERVE TRACT; NERVOUS SYSTEM ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; NEUROANATOMY; NEUROMODULATION; NONHUMAN; PERCEPTIVE DISCRIMINATION; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECOGNITION MEMORY; REVIEW; RODENT; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; STATE DEPENDENT LEARNING; TASK PERFORMANCE; THALAMOCORTICAL TRACT; THALAMUS; ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY; ANIMAL; BRAIN; CYTOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; THALAMUS DORSOMEDIAL NUCLEUS;

ANIMALS; BRAIN; COGNITION; DECISION MAKING; HUMANS; LEARNING; MEDIODORSAL THALAMIC NUCLEUS; NEURAL PATHWAYS;

EID: 84930181312     PISSN: 01497634     EISSN: 18737528     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.03.001     Document Type: Review

References (151)

1. Aggleton J.P., Dumont J.R., Warburton E.C. Unraveling the contributions of the diencephalon to recognition memory: a review. Learn. Mem. 2011, 18:384-400.
2. Aggleton J.P., McMackin D., Carpenter K., Hornak J., Kapur N., Halpin S., Wiles C.M., Kamel H., Brennan P., Carton S., Gaffan D. Differential cognitive effects of colloid cysts in the third ventricle that spare or compromise the fornix. Brain 2000, 123(Pt 4):800-815.
3. Aggleton J.P., Mishkin M. Memory impairments following restricted medial thalamic lesions in monkeys. Exp. Brain Res. 1983, 52:199-209.
4. Aggleton J.P., Mishkin M. Visual recognition impairment following medial thalamic lesions in monkeys. Neuropsychologia 1983, 21:189-197.
5. Aggleton J.P., Mishkin M. Projections of the amygdala to the thalamus in the cynomolgus monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 1984, 222:56-68.
6. Aggleton J.P., Shaw C. Amnesia and recognition memory: a re-analysis of psychometric data. Neuropsychologia 1996, 34:51-62.
7. Alexander G.E., DeLong M.R., Strick P.L. Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 1986, 9:357-381.
8. Arcelli P., Frassoni C., Regondi M.C., De Biasi S., Spreafico R. GABAergic neurons in mammalian thalamus: a marker of thalamic complexity?. Brain Res. Bull. 1997, 42:27-37.
9. Barbas H., Garcia-Cabezas M.A., Zikopoulos B. Frontal-thalamic circuits associated with language. Brain Lang. 2013, 126:49-61.
10. Barker G.R., Bird F., Alexander V., Warburton E.C. Recognition memory for objects, place, and temporal order: a disconnection analysis of the role of the medial prefrontal cortex and perirhinal cortex. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27:2948-2957.
11. Baxter M.G. Mediodorsal thalamus and cognition in non-human primates. Front. Syst. Neurosci. 2013, 7:38.
12. Baxter M.G., Browning P.G., Mitchell A.S. Perseverative interference with object-in-place scene learning in rhesus monkeys with bilateral ablation of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Learn. Mem. 2008, 15:126-132.
13. Baxter M.G., Gaffan D., Kyriazis D.A., Mitchell A.S. Orbital prefrontal cortex is required for object-in-place scene memory but not performance of a strategy implementation task. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27:11327-11333.
14. Baxter M.G., Gaffan D., Kyriazis D.A., Mitchell A.S. Dorsolateral prefrontal lesions do not impair tests of scene learning and decision-making that require frontal-temporal interaction. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2008, 28:491-499.
15. Baxter M.G., Gaffan D., Kyriazis D.A., Mitchell A.S. Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is required for performance of a strategy implementation task but not reinforcer devaluation effects in rhesus monkeys. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2009, 29:2049-2059.
16. Block A.E., Dhanji H., Thompson-Tardif S.F., Floresco S.B. Thalamic-prefrontal cortical-ventral striatal circuitry mediates dissociable components of strategy set shifting. Cereb. Cortex 2007, 17:1625-1636.
17. Boschin E.A., Piekema C., Buckley M.J. Essential functions of primate frontopolar cortex in cognition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015, 112:E1020-E1027.
18. Bradfield L.A., Hart G., Balleine B.W. The role of the anterior, mediodorsal, and parafascicular thalamus in instrumental conditioning. Front. Syst. Neurosci. 2013, 7:51.
19. Browning P.G., Easton A., Gaffan D. Frontal-temporal disconnection abolishes object discrimination learning set in macaque monkeys. Cereb. Cortex 2007, 17:859-864.
20. Browning P.G., Gaffan D. Global retrograde amnesia but selective anterograde amnesia after frontal-temporal disconnection in monkeys. Neuropsychologia 2008, 46:2494-2502.
21. Buckley M.J., Gaffan D. Perirhinal cortical contributions to object perception. Trends Cognit. Sci. 2006, 10:100-107.
22. Bueno-Junior L.S., Lopes-Aguiar C., Ruggiero R.N., Romcy-Pereira R.N., Leite J.P. Muscarinic and nicotinic modulation of thalamo-prefrontal cortex synaptic plasticity [corrected] in vivo. PLoS ONE 2012, 7:e47484.
23. Burman K.J., Reser D.H., Richardson K.E., Gaulke H., Worthy K.H., Rosa M.G. Subcortical projections to the frontal pole in the marmoset monkey. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2011, 34:303-319.
24. Burwell R.D., Witter M.P., Amaral D.G. Perirhinal and postrhinal cortices of the rat: a review of the neuroanatomical literature and comparison with findings from the monkey brain. Hippocampus 1995, 5:390-408.
25. Carlesimo G.A., Lombardi M.G., Caltagirone C. Vascular thalamic amnesia: a reappraisal. Neuropsychologia 2011, 49:777-789.
26. Carmichael S.T., Price J.L. Limbic connections of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in macaque monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 1995, 363:615-641.
27. Cavada C., Company T., Hernandez-Gonzalez A., Reinoso-Suarez F. Acetylcholinesterase histochemistry in the macaque thalamus reveals territories selectively connected to frontal, parietal and temporal association cortices. J. Chem. Neuroanat. 1995, 8:245-257.
28. Cavdar S., Hacioglu H., Sirvanci S., Keskinoz E., Onat F. Synaptic organization of the rat thalamus: a quantitative study. Neurol. Sci. 2011, 32:1047-1056.
29. Chudasama Y., Bussey T.J., Muir J.L. Effects of selective thalamic and prelimbic cortex lesions on two types of visual discrimination and reversal learning. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2001, 14:1009-1020.
30. Corbit L.H., Muir J.L., Balleine B.W. Lesions of mediodorsal thalamus and anterior thalamic nuclei produce dissociable effects on instrumental conditioning in rats. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2003, 18:1286-1294.
31. Cross L., Brown M.W., Aggleton J.P., Warburton E.C. The medial dorsal thalamic nucleus and the medial prefrontal cortex of the rat function together to support associative recognition and recency but not item recognition. Learn. Mem. 2012, 20:41-50.
32. Crunelli V., Leresche N. A role for GABAB receptors in excitation and inhibition of thalamocortical cells. Trends Neurosci. 1991, 14:16-21.
33. Crunelli V., Lightowler S., Pollard C.E. A T-type Ca2+ current underlies low-threshold Ca2+ potentials in cells of the cat and rat lateral geniculate nucleus. J. Physiol. 1989, 413:543-561.
34. Edelstyn N.M., Hunter B., Ellis S.J. Bilateral dorsolateral thalamic lesions disrupts conscious recollection. Neuropsychologia 2006, 44:931-938.
35. Edelstyn N.M., Mayes A.R., Denby C., Ellis S.J. Impairment in material-specific long-term memory following unilateral mediodorsal thalamic damage and presumed partial disconnection of the mammillo-thalamic tract. J. Neuropsychol. 2012, 6:119-140.
36. Edelstyn N.M., Mayes A.R., Ellis S.J. Damage to the dorsomedial thalamic nucleus, central lateral intralaminar thalamic nucleus, and midline thalamic nuclei on the right-side impair executive function and attention under conditions of high demand but not low demand. Neurocase 2014, 20:121-132.
37. Erickson S.L., Melchitzky D.S., Lewis D.A. Subcortical afferents to the lateral mediodorsal thalamus in cynomolgus monkeys. Neuroscience 2004, 129:675-690.
38. Funahashi S. Thalamic mediodorsal nucleus and its participation in spatial working memory processes: comparison with the prefrontal cortex. Front. Syst. Neurosci. 2013, 7:36.
39. Gaffan D. Scene-specific memory for objects: a model of episodic memory impairment in monkeys with fornix transection. J. Cognit. Neurosci. 1994, 6:305-320.
40. Gaffan D., Easton A., Parker A. Interaction of inferior temporal cortex with frontal cortex and basal forebrain: double dissociation in strategy implementation and associative learning. J. Neurosci. 2002, 22:7288-7296.
41. Gaffan D., Murray E.A. Amygdalar interaction with the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in stimulus reward associative learning in the monkey. J. Neurosci. 1990, 10:3479-3493.
42. Gaffan D., Murray E.A., Fabrethorpe M. Interaction of the amygdala with the frontal-lobe in reward memory. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1993, 5:968-975.
43. Gaffan D., Parker A. Mediodorsal thalamic function in scene memory in rhesus monkeys. Brain 2000, 123:816-827.
44. Gaffan D., Watkins S. Mediodorsal thalamic lesions impair long-term visual associative memory in macaques. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1991, 3:615-620.
45. Garcia-Cabezas M.A., Martinez-Sanchez P., Sanchez-Gonzalez M.A., Garzon M., Cavada C. Dopamine innervation in the thalamus: monkey versus rat. Cereb. Cortex 2009, 19:424-434.
46. Garcia-Cabezas M.A., Rico B., Sanchez-Gonzalez M.A., Cavada C. Distribution of the dopamine innervation in the macaque and human thalamus. Neuroimage 2007, 34:965-984.
47. Gibb S.J., Wolff M., Dalrymple-Alford J.C. Odour-place paired-associate learning and limbic thalamus: comparison of anterior, lateral and medial thalamic lesions. Behav. Brain Res. 2006, 172:155-168.
48. Giguere M., Goldman-Rakic P.S. Mediodorsal nucleus: areal, laminar, and tangential distribution of afferents and efferents in the frontal lobe of rhesus monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 1988, 277:195-213.
49. Goldman-Rakic P.S., Porrino L.J. The primate mediodorsal (MD) nucleus and its projection to the frontal lobe. J. Comp. Neurol. 1985, 242:535-560.
50. Groenewegen H.J. Organization of the afferent connections of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus in the rat, related to the mediodorsal-prefrontal topography. Neuroscience 1988, 24:379-431.
51. Guillery R.W. Anatomical evidence concerning the role of the thalamus in corticocortical communication: a brief review. J. Anat. 1995, 187(Pt 3):583-592.
52. Guillery R.W. Anatomical pathways that link perception and action. Prog. Brain Res. 2005, 149:235-256.
53. Guillery R.W., Sherman S.M. Thalamic relay functions and their role in corticocortical communication: generalizations from the visual system. Neuron 2002, 33:163-175.
54. Guillery R.W., Sherman S.M. The thalamus as a monitor of motor outputs. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B: Biol. Sci. 2002, 357:1809-1821.
55. Guillery R.W., Sherman S.M. Branched thalamic afferents: what are the messages that they relay to the cortex?. Brain Res. Rev. 2011, 66:205-219.
56. Haber S.N., Fudge J.L. The primate substantia nigra and VTA: integrative circuitry and function. Crit. Rev. Neurobiol. 1997, 11:323-342.
57. Hebb D.O. The Organization of Behavior 1949, Wiley, New York.
58. Hunt P.R., Aggleton J.P. Neurotoxic lesions of the dorsomedial thalamus impair the acquisition but not the performance of delayed matching to place by rats: a deficit in shifting response rules. J. Neurosci. 1998, 18:10045-10052.
59. Ilinsky I.A., Jouandet M.L., Goldman-Rakic P.S. Organization of the nigrothalamocortical system in the rhesus monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 1985, 236:315-330.
60. Isseroff A., Rosvold H.E., Galkin T.W., Goldman-Rakic P.S. Spatial memory impairments following damage to the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus in rhesus monkeys. Brain Res. 1982, 232:97-113.
61. Izquierdo A., Murray E.A. Functional interaction of medial mediodorsal thalamic nucleus but not nucleus accumbens with amygdala and orbital prefrontal cortex is essential for adaptive response selection after reinforcer devaluation. J. Neurosci. 2010, 30:661-669.
62. Jbabdi S., Lehman J.F., Haber S.N., Behrens T.E. Human and monkey ventral prefrontal fibers use the same organizational principles to reach their targets: tracing versus tractography. J. Neurosci. 2013, 33:3190-3201.
63. Jeanmonod D., Magnin M., Morel A. Low-threshold calcium spike bursts in the human thalamus. Common physiopathology for sensory, motor and limbic positive symptoms. Brain 1996, 119(Pt 2):363-375.
64. Jones E.G. The Thalamus 1985, Plenum, New York.
65. Jones E.G. A new view of specific and nonspecific thalamocortical connections. Adv. Neurol. 1998, 77:49-71. discussion 72-73.
66. Jones E.G. The thalamic matrix and thalamocortical synchrony. Trends Neurosci. 2001, 24:595-601.
67. Jones E.G. Thalamic circuitry and thalamocortical synchrony. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B: Biol. Sci. 2002, 357:1659-1673.
68. Jones E.G. The Thalamus 2 Volume Set 2007, Cambridge University Press.
69. Jones E.G. The Thalamus 2012, Springer, USA.
70. Jones E.G., Hendry S.H. Differential calcium binding protein immunoreactivity distinguishes classes of relay neurons in monkey thalamic nuclei. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1989, 1:222-246.
71. Kim J., Woo J., Park Y.G., Chae S., Jo S., Choi J.W., Jun H.Y., Yeom Y.I., Park S.H., Kim K.H., Shin H.S., Kim D. Thalamic T-type Ca(2)+ channels mediate frontal lobe dysfunctions caused by a hypoxia-like damage in the prefrontal cortex. J. Neurosci. 2011, 31:4063-4073.
72. Klein J.C., Rushworth M.F., Behrens T.E., Mackay C.E., de Crespigny A.J., D'Arceuil H., Johansen-Berg H. Topography of connections between human prefrontal cortex and mediodorsal thalamus studied with diffusion tractography. Neuroimage 2010, 51:555-564.
73. Kuroda M., Price J.L. Synaptic organization of projections from basal forebrain structures to the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus of the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1991, 303:513-533.
74. Kuroda M., Price J.L. Ultrastructure and synaptic organization of axon terminals from brainstem structures to the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus of the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1991, 313:539-552.
75. Lee C.C., Sherman S.M. Synaptic properties of thalamic and intracortical inputs to layer 4 of the first- and higher-order cortical areas in the auditory and somatosensory systems. J. Neurophysiol. 2008, 100:317-326.
76. Markowitsch H.J. Thalamic mediodorsal nucleus and memory: a critical evaluation of studies in animals and man. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 1982, 6:351-380.
77. McFarland N.R., Haber S.N. Thalamic relay nuclei of the basal ganglia form both reciprocal and nonreciprocal cortical connections, linking multiple frontal cortical areas. J. Neurosci. 2002, 22:8117-8132.
78. Melchitzky D.S., Erickson S.L., Lewis D.A. Dopamine innervation of the monkey mediodorsal thalamus: location of projection neurons and ultrastructural characteristics of axon terminals. Neuroscience 2006, 143:1021-1030.
79. Melchitzky D.S., Lewis D.A. Dopamine transporter-immunoreactive axons in the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus of the macaque monkey. Neuroscience 2001, 103:1033-1042.
80. Mitchell A.S., Baxter M.G., Gaffan D. Dissociable performance on scene learning and strategy implementation after lesions to magnocellular mediodorsal thalamic nucleus. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27:11888-11895.
81. Mitchell A.S., Browning P.G., Baxter M.G. Neurotoxic lesions of the medial mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus disrupt reinforcer devaluation effects in rhesus monkeys. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27:11289-11295.
82. Mitchell A.S., Browning P.G., Wilson C.R., Baxter M.G., Gaffan D. Dissociable roles for cortical and subcortical structures in memory retrieval and acquisition. J. Neurosci. 2008, 28:8387-8396.
83. Mitchell A.S., Chakraborty S. What does the mediodorsal thalamus do?. Front. Syst. Neurosci. 2013, 7:37.
84. Mitchell A.S., Dalrymple-Alford J.C. Dissociable memory effects after medial thalamus lesions in the rat. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2005, 22:973-985.
85. Mitchell A.S., Dalrymple-Alford J.C. Lateral and anterior thalamic lesions impair independent memory systems. Learn. Mem. 2006, 13:388-396.
86. Mitchell A.S., Gaffan D. The magnocellular mediodorsal thalamus is necessary for memory acquisition, but not retrieval. J. Neurosci. 2008, 28:258-263.
87. Mitchell A.S., Sherman S.M., Sommer M.A., Mair R.G., Vertes R.P., Chudasama Y. Advances in understanding mechanisms of thalamic relays in cognition and behavior. J. Neurosci. 2014, 34:15340-15346.
88. Mitchell J.B., Laiacona J. The medial frontal cortex and temporal memory: tests using spontaneous exploratory behaviour in the rat. Behav. Brain Res. 1998, 97:107-113.
89. Murray E.A., Rudebeck P.H. The drive to strive: goal generation based on current needs. Front. Neurosci. 2013, 7:112.
90. Murray E.A., Wise S.P. What, if anything, can monkeys tell us about human amnesia when they can't say anything at all?. Neuropsychologia 2010, 48:2385-2405.
91. Nakamura K.C., Sharott A., Magill P.J. Temporal coupling with cortex distinguishes spontaneous neuronal activities in identified basal ganglia-recipient and cerebellar-recipient zones of the motor thalamus. Cereb. Cortex 2014, 24:81-97.
92. Neubert F.X., Mars R.B., Thomas A.G., Sallet J., Rushworth M.F. Comparison of human ventral frontal cortex areas for cognitive control and language with areas in monkey frontal cortex. Neuron 2014, 81:700-713.
93. Olszewski J. The Thalamus of Macaca Mulatta - An Atlas for Use with the Stereotaxic Instrument 1952, S. Karger, New York.
94. Ostlund S.B., Balleine B.W. Differential involvement of the basolateral amygdala and mediodorsal thalamus in instrumental action selection. J. Neurosci. 2008, 28:4398-4405.
95. Parker A., Eacott M.J., Gaffan D. The recognition memory deficit caused by mediodorsal thalamic lesion in non-human primates: a comparison with rhinal cortex lesion. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1997, 9:2423-2431.
96. Parnaudeau S., O'Neill P.K., Bolkan S.S., Ward R.D., Abbas A.I., Roth B.L., Balsam P.D., Gordon J.A., Kellendonk C. Inhibition of mediodorsal thalamus disrupts thalamofrontal connectivity and cognition. Neuron 2013, 77:1151-1162.
97. Parnaudeau S., Taylor K., Bolkan S.S., Ward R.D., Balsam P.D., Kellendonk C. Mediodorsal thalamus hypofunction impairs flexible goal-directed behavior. Biol. Psychiatry 2015, 77:445-453.
98. Pergola G., Bellebaum C., Gehlhaar B., Koch B., Schwarz M., Daum I., Suchan B. The involvement of the thalamus in semantic retrieval: a clinical group study. J. Cognit. Neurosci. 2013, 25:872-886.
99. Pergola G., Gunturkun O., Koch B., Schwarz M., Daum I., Suchan B. Recall deficits in stroke patients with thalamic lesions covary with damage to the parvocellular mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus. Neuropsychologia 2012, 50:2477-2491.
100. Pergola G., Ranft A., Mathias K., Suchan B. The role of the thalamic nuclei in recognition memory accompanied by recall during encoding and retrieval: an fMRI study. Neuroimage 2013, 74:195-208.
101. Pergola G., Suchan B. Associative learning beyond the medial temporal lobe: many actors on the memory stage. Front. Behav. Neurosci. 2013, 7:162.
102. Petrides M., Pandya D.N. Efferent association pathways from the rostral prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27:11573-11586.
103. Ray J.P., Price J.L. The organization of projections from the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus to orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in macaque monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 1993, 337:1-31.
104. Ray J.P., Russchen F.T., Fuller T.A., Price J.L. Sources of presumptive glutamatergic/aspartatergic afferents to the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1992, 320:435-456.
105. Rico B., Cavada C. Adrenergic innervation of the monkey thalamus: an immunohistochemical study. Neuroscience 1998, 84:839-847.
106. Rovo Z., Ulbert I., Acsady L. Drivers of the primate thalamus. J. Neurosci. 2012, 32:17894-17908.
107. Russchen F.T., Amaral D.G., Price J.L. The afferent input to the magnocellular division of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus in the monkey, Macaca fascicularis. J. Comp. Neurol. 1987, 256:175-210.
108. Saalmann Y.B., Pinsk M.A., Wang L., Li X., Kastner S. The pulvinar regulates information transmission between cortical areas based on attention demands. Science 2012, 337:753-756.
109. Sallet J., Mars R.B., Noonan M.P., Neubert F.X., Jbabdi S., O'Reilly J.X., Filippini N., Thomas A.G., Rushworth M.F. The organization of dorsal frontal cortex in humans and macaques. J. Neurosci. 2013, 33:12255-12274.
110. Sanchez-Gonzalez M.A., Garcia-Cabezas M.A., Rico B., Cavada C. The primate thalamus is a key target for brain dopamine. J. Neurosci. 2005, 25:6076-6083.
111. Saunders R.C., Mishkin M., Aggleton J.P. Projections from the entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex, presubiculum, and parasubiculum to the medial thalamus in macaque monkeys: identifying different pathways using disconnection techniques. Exp. Brain Res. 2005, 167:1-16.
112. Schwartz M.L., Dekker J.J., Goldman-Rakic P.S. Dual mode of corticothalamic synaptic termination in the mediodorsal nucleus of the rhesus monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 1991, 309:289-304.
113. Sherman S.M. The function of metabotropic glutamate receptors in thalamus and cortex. Neuroscientist 2014, 20:136-149.
114. Sherman S.M., Guillery R.W. Functional organization of thalamocortical relays. J. Neurophysiol. 1996, 76:1367-1395.
115. Sherman S.M., Guillery R.W. The role of the thalamus in the flow of information to the cortex. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B: Biol. Sci. 2002, 357:1695-1708.
116. Sherman S.M., Guillery R.W. Exploring the Thalamus and Its Role in Cortical Function 2006, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
117. Sherman S.M., Guillery R.W. Distinct functions for direct and transthalamic corticocortical connections. J. Neurophysiol. 2011, 106:1068-1077.
118. Sherman S.M., Guillery R.W. Functional Connections of Cortical Areas: A New View from the Thalamus 2013, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
119. Sommer M.A., Wurtz R.H. A pathway in primate brain for internal monitoring of movements. Science 2002, 296:1480-1482.
120. Sommer M.A., Wurtz R.H. What the brain stem tells the frontal cortex. II. Role of the SC-MD-FEF pathway in corollary discharge. J. Neurophysiol. 2004, 91:1403-1423.
121. Sommer M.A., Wurtz R.H. Influence of the thalamus on spatial visual processing in frontal cortex. Nature 2006, 444:374-377.
122. Sommer M.A., Wurtz R.H. Brain circuits for the internal monitoring of movements. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2008, 31:317-338.
123. Sommer M.A., Wurtz R.H. Visual perception and corollary discharge. Perception 2008, 37:408-418.
124. Spreafico R., Frassoni C., Arcelli P., Battaglia G., Wenthold R.J., De Biasi S. Distribution of AMPA selective glutamate receptors in the thalamus of adult rats and during postnatal development. A light and ultrastructural immunocytochemical study. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 1994, 82:231-244.
125. Steriade M., Jones E.G., McCormick D.A. Thalamus 1997, Elsevier.
126. Theyel B.B., Llano D.A., Sherman S.M. The corticothalamocortical circuit drives higher-order cortex in the mouse. Nat. Neurosci. 2010, 13:84-88.
127. Uhlhaas P.J., Singer W. High-frequency oscillations and the neurobiology of schizophrenia. Dialog. Clin. Neurosci. 2013, 15:301-313.
128. Van der Werf Y.D., Jolles J., Witter M.P., Uylings H.B. Contributions of thalamic nuclei to declarative memory functioning. Cortex 2003, 39:1047-1062.
129. Van der Werf Y.D., Scheltens P., Lindeboom J., Witter M.P., Uylings H.B., Jolles J. Deficits of memory, executive functioning and attention following infarction in the thalamus; a study of 22 cases with localised lesions. Neuropsychologia 2003, 41:1330-1344.
130. Van der Werf Y.D., Witter M.P., Uylings H.B., Jolles J. Neuropsychology of infarctions in the thalamus: a review. Neuropsychologia 2000, 38:613-627.
131. Van Horn S.C., Erisir A., Sherman S.M. Relative distribution of synapses in the A-laminae of the lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat. J. Comp. Neurol. 2000, 416:509-520.
132. Van Horn S.C., Sherman S.M. Fewer driver synapses in higher order than in first order thalamic relays. Neuroscience 2007, 146:463-470.
133. Velayos J.L., Reinoso-Suarez F. Topographic organization of the brainstem afferents to the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus. J. Comp. Neurol. 1982, 206:17-27.
134. Viaene A.N., Petrof I., Sherman S.M. Properties of the thalamic projection from the posterior medial nucleus to primary and secondary somatosensory cortices in the mouse. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2011, 108:18156-18161.
135. Viaene A.N., Petrof I., Sherman S.M. Synaptic properties of thalamic input to the subgranular layers of primary somatosensory and auditory cortices in the mouse. J. Neurosci. 2011, 31:12738-12747.
136. von Cramon D.Y., Hebel N., Schuri U. A contribution to the anatomical basis of thalamic amnesia. Brain 1985, 108:993-1008.
137. Wang S., Eisenback M.A., Bickford M.E. Relative distribution of synapses in the pulvinar nucleus of the cat: implications regarding the "driver/modulator" theory of thalamic function. J. Comp. Neurol. 2002, 454:482-494.
138. Warburton E.C., Brown M.W. Neural circuitry for rat recognition memory. Behav. Brain Res. 2015, 285:131-139.
139. Watanabe Y., Funahashi S. Thalamic mediodorsal nucleus and working memory. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2012, 36:134-142.
140. Watanabe Y., Takeda K., Funahashi S. Population vector analysis of primate mediodorsal thalamic activity during oculomotor delayed-response performance. Cereb. Cortex 2009, 19:1313-1321.
141. Wilson C.R., Gaffan D. Prefrontal-inferotemporal interaction is not always necessary for reversal learning. J. Neurosci. 2008, 28:5529-5538.
142. Wurtz R.H., McAlonan K., Cavanaugh J., Berman R.A. Thalamic pathways for active vision. Trends Cognit. Sci. 2011, 15:177-184.
143. Xiao D., Zikopoulos B., Barbas H. Laminar and modular organization of prefrontal projections to multiple thalamic nuclei. Neuroscience 2009, 161:1067-1081.
144. Yu C., Gupta J., Yin H.H. The role of mediodorsal thalamus in temporal differentiation of reward-guided actions. Front. Integr. Neurosci. 2010, 4.
145. Zhang L., Jones E.G. Corticothalamic inhibition in the thalamic reticular nucleus. J. Neurophysiol. 2004, 91:759-766.
146. Zikopoulos B., Barbas H. Prefrontal projections to the thalamic reticular nucleus form a unique circuit for attentional mechanisms. J. Neurosci. 2006, 26:7348-7361.
147. Zikopoulos B., Barbas H. Circuits form multisensory integration and attentional modulation through the prefrontal cortex and the thalamic reticular nucleus in primates. Rev. Neurosci. 2007, 18:417-438.
148. Zikopoulos B., Barbas H. Parallel driving and modulatory pathways link the prefrontal cortex and thalamus. PLoS ONE 2007, 2:e848.
149. Zikopoulos B., Barbas H. Pathways for emotions and attention converge on the thalamic reticular nucleus in primates. J. Neurosci. 2012, 32:5338-5350.
150. Zola-Morgan S., Squire L.R. Amnesia in monkeys after lesions of the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus. Ann. Neurol. 1985, 17:558-564.
151. Zoppelt D., Koch B., Schwarz M., Daum I. Involvement of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus in mediating recollection and familiarity. Neuropsychologia 2003, 41:1160-1170.