메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 24, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 123-138

The potential of social network analysis as a tool for the management of zoo animals

Author keywords

Animal welfare; Evidence based husbandry; Group structure; Social network analysis; Social organisation; Zoo animal behaviour

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURE; ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL HEALTH; ANIMAL WELFARE; BREEDING; DECISION MAKING; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; GROUP DYNAMICS; GROUP STRUCTURE; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; LEADERSHIP; NONHUMAN; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; REVIEW; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; SOCIAL INTERACTION; SOCIAL NETWORK; SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS; SOCIAL STRESS; SOCIAL STRUCTURE; SOCIAL SUPPORT; ZOO ANIMAL;

EID: 84930000396     PISSN: 09627286     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7120/09627286.24.2.123     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (60)

References (151)
  • 1
    • 58149456660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in the preferred neck-resting position of Caribbean flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber)
    • Anderson M, Williams S and O'Brien E 2009 Individual differences in the preferred neck-resting position of Caribbean flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber). Laterality 14: 66-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13576500802233722
    • (2009) Laterality , vol.14 , pp. 66-78
    • Anderson, M.1    Williams, S.2    O'Brien, E.3
  • 2
    • 78149371222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferred neck-resting position predicts aggression in Caribbean flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber)
    • Anderson MJ, Williams SA and Bono AJ 2010 Preferred neck-resting position predicts aggression in Caribbean flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber). Laterality 15: 629-638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13576500903081814
    • (2010) Laterality , vol.15 , pp. 629-638
    • Anderson, M.J.1    Williams, S.A.2    Bono, A.J.3
  • 3
    • 84921510500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social affiliation matters: Both same-sex and opposite-sex relationships predict survival in wild female baboons
    • Archie EA, Tung J, Clark M, Altmann J and Alberts SC 2014 Social affiliation matters: both same-sex and opposite-sex relationships predict survival in wild female baboons. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281: 20141261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1261
    • (2014) Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences , vol.281 , pp. 20141261
    • Archie, E.A.1    Tung, J.2    Clark, M.3    Altmann, J.4    Alberts, S.C.5
  • 4
    • 79953122249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can conservation-breeding programmes be improved by incorporating mate choice?
    • Asa CS, Traylor-Holzer K and Lacy RC 2011 Can conservation-breeding programmes be improved by incorporating mate choice? International Zoo Yearbook 45: 203-212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.2010.00123.x
    • (2011) International Zoo Yearbook , vol.45 , pp. 203-212
    • Asa, C.S.1    Traylor-Holzer, K.2    Lacy, R.C.3
  • 5
    • 0036099246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management and husbandry of duikers at the Los Angeles Zoo
    • Barnes R, Greene K, Holland J and Lamm M 2002 Management and husbandry of duikers at the Los Angeles Zoo. Zoo Biology 21: 107-121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.10020
    • (2002) Zoo Biology , vol.21 , pp. 107-121
    • Barnes, R.1    Greene, K.2    Holland, J.3    Lamm, M.4
  • 6
    • 0034097958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social hierarchy in the domestic goat: Effect on food habits and production
    • Barroso F, Alados C and Boza J 2000 Social hierarchy in the domestic goat: effect on food habits and production. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 69 : 35-53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1591(00)00113-1
    • (2000) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.69 , pp. 35-53
    • Barroso, F.1    Alados, C.2    Boza, J.3
  • 7
    • 0043273533 scopus 로고
    • Allogrooming as mutualism in diurnal lemurs
    • Barton R 1987 Allogrooming as mutualism in diurnal lemurs. Primates 28: 539-542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380868
    • (1987) Primates , vol.28 , pp. 539-542
    • Barton, R.1
  • 8
    • 79960962243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consistency of captive giraffe behavior under two different management regimes
    • Bashaw M 2011 Consistency of captive giraffe behavior under two different management regimes. Zoo Biology 30: 371-378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.20338
    • (2011) Zoo Biology , vol.30 , pp. 371-378
    • Bashaw, M.1
  • 9
    • 33847615782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structure of social relationships among captive female giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis)
    • Bashaw MJ, Bloomsmith MA, Maple TL and Bercovitch FB 2007 The structure of social relationships among captive female giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis). Journal of Comparative Psychology 121: 46-53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.121.1.46
    • (2007) Journal of Comparative Psychology , vol.121 , pp. 46-53
    • Bashaw, M.J.1    Bloomsmith, M.A.2    Maple, T.L.3    Bercovitch, F.B.4
  • 10
    • 0032169501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A method for testing association patterns of socialanimals
    • Bejder L, Fletcher D and Brager S 1998 A method for testing association patterns of socialanimals. Animal Behaviour 56: 719-725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1998.0802
    • (1998) Animal Behaviour , vol.56 , pp. 719-725
    • Bejder, L.1    Fletcher, D.2    Brager, S.3
  • 11
    • 84876426660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herd composition, kinship and fission-fusion social dynamics among wild giraffe
    • Bercovitch FB and Berry PS 2012 Herd composition, kinship and fission-fusion social dynamics among wild giraffe. African Journal of Ecology 51: 206-216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aje.12024
    • (2012) African Journal of Ecology , vol.51 , pp. 206-216
    • Bercovitch, F.B.1    Berry, P.S.2
  • 12
    • 79956336400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time-ordered networks reveal limitations to information flow in ant colonies
    • Blonder B and Dornhaus A 2011 Time-ordered networks reveal limitations to information flow in ant colonies. PloS One 6: e20298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020298
    • (2011) PloS One , vol.6 , pp. e20298
    • Blonder, B.1    Dornhaus, A.2
  • 15
    • 0037465208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grouping and social preferences in calves, heifers and cows
    • Bøe KE and Færevik G 2003 Grouping and social preferences in calves, heifers and cows. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 80: 175-190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1591(02)00217-4
    • (2003) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.80 , pp. 175-190
    • Bøe, K.E.1    Færevik, G.2
  • 16
    • 33646385629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying sets of key players in a social network
    • Borgatti S 2006 Identifying sets of key players in a social network. Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory 12: 21-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10588-006-7084-x
    • (2006) Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory , vol.12 , pp. 21-34
    • Borgatti, S.1
  • 18
    • 0026273041 scopus 로고
    • The behaviour of Przewalski's horses and its importance to their management
    • Boyd LE 1991 The behaviour of Przewalski's horses and its importance to their management. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 29: 301-318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(91)90256-W
    • (1991) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.29 , pp. 301-318
    • Boyd, L.E.1
  • 19
    • 33645330721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the importance of natural behavior for animal welfare
    • Bracke MBM and Hopster H 2006 Assessing the importance of natural behavior for animal welfare. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 19: 77-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10806-005-4493-7
    • (2006) Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics , vol.19 , pp. 77-89
    • Bracke, M.B.M.1    Hopster, H.2
  • 20
    • 0026233096 scopus 로고
    • Animal welfare: Concepts and measurement
    • Broom DM 1991 Animal welfare: concepts and measurement. Journal of Animal Science 69: 4167-4175
    • (1991) Journal of Animal Science , vol.69 , pp. 4167-4175
    • Broom, D.M.1
  • 21
    • 84883293846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interspecific interactions and welfare implications in mixed species communities of capuchin (Sapajus apella) and squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) over 3 years
    • Buchanan-Smith HM, Griciute J, Daoudi S, Leonardi R and Whiten A 2013 Interspecific interactions and welfare implications in mixed species communities of capuchin (Sapajus apella) and squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) over 3 years. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 147: 324-333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2013.04.004
    • (2013) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.147 , pp. 324-333
    • Buchanan-Smith, H.M.1    Griciute, J.2    Daoudi, S.3    Leonardi, R.4    Whiten, A.5
  • 22
    • 0001279346 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of association indices
    • Cairns SJ and Schwager SJ 1987 A comparison of association indices. Animal Behaviour 35: 1454-1469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(87)80018-0
    • (1987) Animal Behaviour , vol.35 , pp. 1454-1469
    • Cairns, S.J.1    Schwager, S.J.2
  • 23
    • 0028977058 scopus 로고
    • Short-term costs and correlates of play in cheetahs
    • Caro T 1995 Short-term costs and correlates of play in cheetahs. Animal Behaviour 49: 333-345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1995.9999
    • (1995) Animal Behaviour , vol.49 , pp. 333-345
    • Caro, T.1
  • 24
    • 62149097990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structured association patterns and their energetic benefits in female eastern grey kangaroos, Macropus giganteus
    • Carter AJ, Macdonald SL, Thomson VA and Goldizen AW 2009 Structured association patterns and their energetic benefits in female eastern grey kangaroos, Macropus giganteus. Animal Behaviour 77: 839-846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.12.007
    • (2009) Animal Behaviour , vol.77 , pp. 839-846
    • Carter, A.J.1    Macdonald, S.L.2    Thomson, V.A.3    Goldizen, A.W.4
  • 25
    • 84886311689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social networks, long-term associations and age-related sociability of wild giraffes
    • Carter KD, Brand R, Carter JK, Shorrocks B and Goldizen AW 2013 Social networks, long-term associations and age-related sociability of wild giraffes. Animal Behaviour 86: 901-910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.08.002
    • (2013) Animal Behaviour , vol.86 , pp. 901-910
    • Carter, K.D.1    Brand, R.2    Carter, J.K.3    Shorrocks, B.4    Goldizen, A.W.5
  • 26
    • 0033403599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social anxiety, relationships and self-directed behaviour among wild female olive baboons
    • Castles DL, Whiten A and Aureli F 1999 Social anxiety, relationships and self-directed behaviour among wild female olive baboons. Animal Behaviour 58: 1207-1215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1999.1250
    • (1999) Animal Behaviour , vol.58 , pp. 1207-1215
    • Castles, D.L.1    Whiten, A.2    Aureli, F.3
  • 28
    • 79959544637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Space to choose: Network analysis of social preferences in a captive chimpanzee community, and implications for management
    • Clark FE 2011 Space to choose: network analysis of social preferences in a captive chimpanzee community, and implications for management. American Journal of Primatology 73: 748-757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20903
    • (2011) American Journal of Primatology , vol.73 , pp. 748-757
    • Clark, F.E.1
  • 29
    • 20444426550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'False feeding' and aggression in meerkat societies
    • Clutton-Brock T, Russell A, Sharpe L and Jordan N 2005 'False feeding' and aggression in meerkat societies. Animal Behaviour 69 : 1273-1284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.10.006
    • (2005) Animal Behaviour , vol.69 , pp. 1273-1284
    • Clutton-Brock, T.1    Russell, A.2    Sharpe, L.3    Jordan, N.4
  • 30
    • 0032441689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of helping behavior in cooperatively breeding birds
    • Cockburn A 1998 Evolution of helping behavior in cooperatively breeding birds. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 29: 141-177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.141
    • (1998) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , vol.29 , pp. 141-177
    • Cockburn, A.1
  • 31
    • 0037523488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social-network analysis of Mycobacterium bovis transmission among captive brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula)
    • Corner LAL, Pfeiffer DU and Morris RS 2003 Social-network analysis of Mycobacterium bovis transmission among captive brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula). Preventive Veterinary Medicine 59: 147-167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5877(03)00075-8
    • (2003) Preventive Veterinary Medicine , vol.59 , pp. 147-167
    • Corner, L.A.L.1    Pfeiffer, D.U.2    Morris, R.S.3
  • 32
    • 0034551342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dominance hierarchies in female mountain goats: Stability, aggressiveness and determination of rank
    • Cote SD 2000 Dominance hierarchies in female mountain goats: stability, aggressiveness and determination of rank. Behaviour 137: 1541-1566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853900502718
    • (2000) Behaviour , vol.137 , pp. 1541-1566
    • Cote, S.D.1
  • 37
    • 38249038678 scopus 로고
    • Mutual grooming and nearest-neighbor relationships among foals of Equus caballus
    • Crowell-Davis SL, Houpt KA and Carini CM 1986 Mutual grooming and nearest-neighbor relationships among foals of Equus caballus. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 15 : 113-123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(86)90057-2
    • (1986) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.15 , pp. 113-123
    • Crowell-Davis, S.L.1    Houpt, K.A.2    Carini, C.M.3
  • 38
    • 84875501342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK
    • Dagg AI 2011 Animal Friendships. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511794155
    • (2011) Animal Friendships
    • Dagg, A.I.1
  • 39
    • 67650453990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social implications of the battle of the sexes: Sexual harassment disrupts female sociality and social recognition
    • Darden SK, James R, Ramnarine IW and Croft DP 2009 Social implications of the battle of the sexes: sexual harassment disrupts female sociality and social recognition. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276 : 2651-2656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.0087
    • (2009) Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences , vol.276 , pp. 2651-2656
    • Darden, S.K.1    James, R.2    Ramnarine, I.W.3    Croft, D.P.4
  • 41
    • 79959551391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of moving to a novel environment on social networks, activity and wellbeing in two new world primates
    • Dufour V, Sueur C, Whiten A and Buchanan-Smith HM 2011 The impact of moving to a novel environment on social networks, activity and wellbeing in two new world primates. American Journal of Primatology 73: 802-811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20943
    • (2011) American Journal of Primatology , vol.73 , pp. 802-811
    • Dufour, V.1    Sueur, C.2    Whiten, A.3    Buchanan-Smith, H.M.4
  • 42
    • 0000975689 scopus 로고
    • Functional significance of social grooming in primates
    • Dunbar RI 1991 Functional significance of social grooming in primates. Folia Primatologica 57: 121-131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000156574
    • (1991) Folia Primatologica , vol.57 , pp. 121-131
    • Dunbar, R.I.1
  • 43
    • 84875795661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between social behaviour and adrenal activity in female Barbary macaques: Consequences of study design
    • Edwards KL, Walker SL, Bodenham RF, Ritchie H and Shultz S 2013 Associations between social behaviour and adrenal activity in female Barbary macaques: Consequences of study design. General & Comparative Endocrinology 186: 72-79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.02.023
    • (2013) General & Comparative Endocrinology , vol.186 , pp. 72-79
    • Edwards, K.L.1    Walker, S.L.2    Bodenham, R.F.3    Ritchie, H.4    Shultz, S.5
  • 44
    • 51249185710 scopus 로고
    • Social behavior of captive, group-living orangutans
    • Edwards SD and Snowdon CT 1980 Social behavior of captive, group-living orangutans. International Journal of Primatology 1: 39-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02692257
    • (1980) International Journal of Primatology , vol.1 , pp. 39-62
    • Edwards, S.D.1    Snowdon, C.T.2
  • 45
    • 33747044408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dairy calves social preferences and the significance of a companion animal during separation from the group
    • Faerevik G, Jensen MB, and Bøe KE 2006 Dairy calves social preferences and the significance of a companion animal during separation from the group. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 99: 205-221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2005.10.012
    • (2006) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.99 , pp. 205-221
    • Faerevik, G.1    Jensen, M.B.2    Bøe, K.E.3
  • 46
    • 31444431867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policing stabilizes construction of social niches in primates
    • Flack JC, Girvan M, de Waal FBM and Krakauer DC 2006 Policing stabilizes construction of social niches in primates. Nature 439: 426-429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04326
    • (2006) Nature , vol.439 , pp. 426-429
    • Flack, J.C.1    Girvan, M.2    De Waal, F.B.M.3    Krakauer, D.C.4
  • 47
    • 34548070213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social structure, robustness, and policing cost in a cognitively sophisticated species
    • Flack JC, Waal FB and Krakauer DC 2005 Social structure, robustness, and policing cost in a cognitively sophisticated species. The American Naturalist 165 : E126-E139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/429277
    • (2005) The American Naturalist , vol.165 , pp. E126-E139
    • Flack, J.C.1    Waal, F.B.2    Krakauer, D.C.3
  • 48
    • 84930010813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does female mate choice in Canna wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) enhance reproductive success
    • Dow S and Clark F (eds) 24-25 July 2006, Colchester Zoo, UK
    • Ford S 2006 Does female mate choice in Canna wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) enhance reproductive success. In: Dow S and Clark F (eds) Proceedings of the 8th Annual BIAZA Symposium on Zoo Research pp 83-92. 24-25 July 2006, Colchester Zoo, UK
    • (2006) Proceedings of the 8th Annual BIAZA Symposium on Zoo Research , pp. 83-92
    • Ford, S.1
  • 49
    • 0000526915 scopus 로고
    • The anatomy of aggression and its ritualization in Canidae: A developmental and comparative study
    • Fox M 1969 The anatomy of aggression and its ritualization in Canidae: a developmental and comparative study. Behaviour 35: 242-258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853969X00224
    • (1969) Behaviour , vol.35 , pp. 242-258
    • Fox, M.1
  • 50
    • 75549085633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sampling animal association networks with the gambit of the group
    • Franks DW, Ruxton GD, and James R 2010 Sampling animal association networks with the gambit of the group. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 64: 493-503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-009-0865-8
    • (2010) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.64 , pp. 493-503
    • Franks, D.W.1    Ruxton, G.D.2    James, R.3
  • 51
    • 0001718431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A scientific conception of animal welfare that reflects ethical concerns
    • Fraser D, Weary DM, Pajor EA and Milligan BN 1997 A scientific conception of animal welfare that reflects ethical concerns. Animal Welfare 6: 187-205
    • (1997) Animal Welfare , vol.6 , pp. 187-205
    • Fraser, D.1    Weary, D.M.2    Pajor, E.A.3    Milligan, B.N.4
  • 52
    • 67749116538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supply and demand determine the market value of food providers in wild vervet monkeys
    • Fruteau C, Voelkl B, Van Damme E and Noë R 2009 Supply and demand determine the market value of food providers in wild vervet monkeys. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106: 12007-12012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812280106
    • (2009) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol.106 , pp. 12007-12012
    • Fruteau, C.1    Voelkl, B.2    Van Damme, E.3    Noë, R.4
  • 53
    • 84860256744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring aggression regulation in managed groups of horses Equus caballus
    • Fureix C, Bourjade M, Henry S, Sankey C and Hausberger M 2012 Exploring aggression regulation in managed groups of horses Equus caballus. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 138: 216-228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2012.02.009
    • (2012) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.138 , pp. 216-228
    • Fureix, C.1    Bourjade, M.2    Henry, S.3    Sankey, C.4    Hausberger, M.5
  • 54
    • 84904917948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low female stress hormone levels are predicted by same- or opposite-sex sociality depending on season in wild Assamese macaques
    • Fürtbauer I, Heistermann M, Schülke O and Ostner J 2014 Low female stress hormone levels are predicted by same- or opposite-sex sociality depending on season in wild Assamese macaques. Psychoneuroendocrinology 48: 19-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.05.022
    • (2014) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.48 , pp. 19-28
    • Fürtbauer, I.1    Heistermann, M.2    Schülke, O.3    Ostner, J.4
  • 56
    • 84883306541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scottish wildcat (Felis silvestris grampia) personality and subjective well-being: Implications for captive management
    • Gartner MC and Weiss A 2013 Scottish wildcat (Felis silvestris grampia) personality and subjective well-being: Implications for captive management. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 147: 261-267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2012.11.002
    • (2013) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.147 , pp. 261-267
    • Gartner, M.C.1    Weiss, A.2
  • 57
    • 84987573932 scopus 로고
    • Studbooks: The basis of breeding programmes
    • Glatston AR 1986 Studbooks: the basis of breeding programmes. International Zoo Yearbook 24: 162-167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1985.tb02533.x
    • (1986) International Zoo Yearbook , vol.24 , pp. 162-167
    • Glatston, A.R.1
  • 58
    • 84995159779 scopus 로고
    • Personality assessment in the gorilla and its utility as a management tool
    • Gold KC and Maple TL 1994 Personality assessment in the gorilla and its utility as a management tool. Zoo Biology 13: 509-522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430130513
    • (1994) Zoo Biology , vol.13 , pp. 509-522
    • Gold, K.C.1    Maple, T.L.2
  • 59
    • 0026313811 scopus 로고
    • Intentional stranding apprenticeship and social play in killer whales (Orcinus orca)
    • Guinet C 1991 Intentional stranding apprenticeship and social play in killer whales (Orcinus orca). Canadian Journal of Zoology 69: 2712-2716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-383
    • (1991) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.69 , pp. 2712-2716
    • Guinet, C.1
  • 60
    • 70350043871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contact networks in a wild Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) population: Using social network analysis to reveal seasonal variability in social behaviour and its implications for transmission of devil facial tumour disease
    • Hamede RK, Bashford J, McCallum H and Jones M 2009 Contact networks in a wild Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) population: using social network analysis to reveal seasonal variability in social behaviour and its implications for transmission of devil facial tumour disease. Ecology Letters 12: 1147-1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01370.x
    • (2009) Ecology Letters , vol.12 , pp. 1147-1157
    • Hamede, R.K.1    Bashford, J.2    McCallum, H.3    Jones, M.4
  • 61
    • 62749191472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social networks and the formation and maintenance of river otter groups
    • Hansen H, McDonald DB, Groves P, Maier JAK and Ben-David M 2009 Social networks and the formation and maintenance of river otter groups. Ethology 115 : 384-396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2009.01624.x
    • (2009) Ethology , vol.115 , pp. 384-396
    • Hansen, H.1    McDonald, D.B.2    Groves, P.3    Maier, J.A.K.4    Ben-David, M.5
  • 62
    • 84990745800 scopus 로고
    • The development of play in the South American fur seal
    • Harcourt R 1991 The development of play in the South American fur seal. Ethology 88: 191-202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1991.tb00274.x
    • (1991) Ethology , vol.88 , pp. 191-202
    • Harcourt, R.1
  • 63
    • 0003418342 scopus 로고
    • Butterworths Scientific Publications: London, UK
    • Hediger H 1950 Wild Animals in Captivity. Butterworths Scientific Publications: London, UK
    • (1950) Wild Animals in Captivity
    • Hediger, H.1
  • 64
    • 77949695042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring zoo animal welfare: Theory and practice
    • Hill SP and Broom DM 2009 Measuring zoo animal welfare: theory and practice. Zoo Biology 28: 531-544
    • (2009) Zoo Biology , vol.28 , pp. 531-544
    • Hill, S.P.1    Broom, D.M.2
  • 65
    • 84995191088 scopus 로고
    • The taxonomy of the Anatidae; a behavioural analysis
    • Johnsgard PA 1961 The taxonomy of the Anatidae; a behavioural analysis. Ibis 103: 71-85
    • (1961) Ibis , vol.103 , pp. 71-85
    • Johnsgard, P.A.1
  • 66
    • 0031679165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutual grooming and preferred associate relationships in a band of free-ranging horses
    • Kimura R 1998 Mutual grooming and preferred associate relationships in a band of free-ranging horses. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 59: 265-276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1591(97)00129-9
    • (1998) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.59 , pp. 265-276
    • Kimura, R.1
  • 67
    • 70349778598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origins and evolution of leadership
    • King AJ, Johnson DD and Van Vugt M 2009 The origins and evolution of leadership. Current Biology 19: R911-R916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.07.027
    • (2009) Current Biology , vol.19 , pp. R911-R916
    • King, A.J.1    Johnson, D.D.2    Van Vugt, M.3
  • 68
    • 0036000961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The function of triumph ceremonies in the black swan
    • Kraaijeveld K and Mulder RA 2002 The function of triumph ceremonies in the black swan. Behaviour 139: 45-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685390252902265
    • (2002) Behaviour , vol.139 , pp. 45-54
    • Kraaijeveld, K.1    Mulder, R.A.2
  • 69
    • 35248858769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social network theory in the behavioural sciences: Potential applications
    • Krause J, Croft DP and James R 2007 Social network theory in the behavioural sciences: potential applications. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 62: 15-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-007-0445-8
    • (2007) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.62 , pp. 15-27
    • Krause, J.1    Croft, D.P.2    James, R.3
  • 72
    • 7044286480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of rearing treatment on the behavior of captive whooping cranes (Grus americana)
    • Kreger MD, Estevez I, Hatfield JS and Gee GF 2004 Effects of rearing treatment on the behavior of captive whooping cranes (Grus americana). Applied Animal Behaviour Science 89: 243-261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2004.07.005
    • (2004) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.89 , pp. 243-261
    • Kreger, M.D.1    Estevez, I.2    Hatfield, J.S.3    Gee, G.F.4
  • 73
    • 23744500411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of captive rearing on the behavior of newly-released whooping cranes (Grus americana)
    • Kreger MD, Hatfield JS, Estevez I, Gee GF and Clugston DA 2005 The effects of captive rearing on the behavior of newly-released whooping cranes (Grus americana). Applied Animal Behaviour Science 93: 165-178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2004.12.004
    • (2005) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.93 , pp. 165-178
    • Kreger, M.D.1    Hatfield, J.S.2    Estevez, I.3    Gee, G.F.4    Clugston, D.A.5
  • 74
    • 58349088675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sociality of the dispersing sex: The nature of social bonds in West African female chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes
    • Lehmann J and Boesch C 2009 Sociality of the dispersing sex: the nature of social bonds in West African female chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes . Animal Behaviour 77: 377-387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.09.038
    • (2009) Animal Behaviour , vol.77 , pp. 377-387
    • Lehmann, J.1    Boesch, C.2
  • 75
    • 34547821619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Group size, grooming and social cohesion in primates
    • Lehmann J, Korstjens AH and Dunbar RIM 2007 Group size, grooming and social cohesion in primates. Animal Behaviour 74: 1617-1629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.10.025
    • (2007) Animal Behaviour , vol.74 , pp. 1617-1629
    • Lehmann, J.1    Korstjens, A.H.2    Dunbar, R.I.M.3
  • 76
    • 77954617738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GPS assessment of the use of exhibit space and resources by African elephants (Loxodonta africana)
    • Leighty KA, Soltis J and Savage A 2010 GPS assessment of the use of exhibit space and resources by African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Zoo Biology 29: 210-220
    • (2010) Zoo Biology , vol.29 , pp. 210-220
    • Leighty, K.A.1    Soltis, J.2    Savage, A.3
  • 77
    • 77952299198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral response of captive western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) to the death of silverbacks in multi-male groups
    • Less EH, Lukas KE, Kuhar CW and Stoinski TS 2010 Behavioral response of captive western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) to the death of silverbacks in multi-male groups. Zoo Biology 29: 16-29
    • (2010) Zoo Biology , vol.29 , pp. 16-29
    • Less, E.H.1    Lukas, K.E.2    Kuhar, C.W.3    Stoinski, T.S.4
  • 78
    • 79955042485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Highly dynamic fission-fusion species canexhibit leadership when traveling
    • Lewis JS, Wartzok D and Heithaus MR 2011 Highly dynamic fission-fusion species canexhibit leadership when traveling. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 65: 1061-1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-010-1113-y
    • (2011) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.65 , pp. 1061-1069
    • Lewis, J.S.1    Wartzok, D.2    Heithaus, M.R.3
  • 79
  • 80
    • 84860243337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How can social network analysis contribute to social behavior research in applied ethology?
    • Makagon MM, McCowan B and Mench JA 2012 How can social network analysis contribute to social behavior research in applied ethology? Applied Animal Behaviour Science 138: 152-161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2012.02.003
    • (2012) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.138 , pp. 152-161
    • Makagon, M.M.1    McCowan, B.2    Mench, J.A.3
  • 82
    • 84891163528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chimps of a feather sit together: Chimpanzee friendships are based on homophily in personality
    • Massen JJM and Koski SE 2014 Chimps of a feather sit together: chimpanzee friendships are based on homophily in personality. Evolution and Human Behavior 35 : 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2013.08.008
    • (2014) Evolution and Human Behavior , vol.35 , pp. 1-8
    • Massen, J.J.M.1    Koski, S.E.2
  • 83
    • 0033006106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of 'egalitarian' and 'despotic' social systems among macaques
    • Matsumura S 1999 The evolution of 'egalitarian' and 'despotic' social systems among macaques. Primates 40: 23-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02557699
    • (1999) Primates , vol.40 , pp. 23-31
    • Matsumura, S.1
  • 84
    • 37349012613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility of social network analysis for primate behavioral management and well-being
    • McCowan B, Anderson K, Heagarty A and Cameron A 2008 Utility of social network analysis for primate behavioral management and well-being. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 109: 396-405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2007.02.009
    • (2008) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.109 , pp. 396-405
    • McCowan, B.1    Anderson, K.2    Heagarty, A.3    Cameron, A.4
  • 85
    • 77949715179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • There are big gaps in our knowledge, and thus approach, to zoo animal welfare: A case for evidence-based zoo animal management
    • Melfi V 2009 There are big gaps in our knowledge, and thus approach, to zoo animal welfare: a case for evidence-based zoo animal management. Zoo Biology 28: 574-588
    • (2009) Zoo Biology , vol.28 , pp. 574-588
    • Melfi, V.1
  • 86
    • 84889351159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventative health care and physical examination
    • Fowler ME and Mikota SK (eds) Blackwell Publishing: Oxford, UK
    • Mikota SK 2006 Preventative health care and physical examination. In: Fowler ME and Mikota SK (eds) Biology, Medicine, and Surgery of Elephants pp 67-75. Blackwell Publishing: Oxford, UK. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470344484.ch7
    • (2006) Biology, Medicine, and Surgery of Elephants , pp. 67-75
    • Mikota, S.K.1
  • 88
    • 77955606254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure of social networks in a passerine bird: Consequences for sexual selection and the evolution of mating strategies
    • Oh KP and Badyaev AV 2010 Structure of social networks in a passerine bird: consequences for sexual selection and the evolution of mating strategies. The American Naturalist 176: E80-E89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/655216
    • (2010) The American Naturalist , vol.176 , pp. E80-E89
    • Oh, K.P.1    Badyaev, A.V.2
  • 89
    • 79851504681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting aggression in a captive flock of Chilean flamingos (Phoenicopterus chilensis)
    • Perdue BM, Gaalema DE, Martin AL, Dampier SM and Maple TL 2011 Factors affecting aggression in a captive flock of Chilean flamingos (Phoenicopterus chilensis). Zoo Biology 30: 59-64
    • (2011) Zoo Biology , vol.30 , pp. 59-64
    • Perdue, B.M.1    Gaalema, D.E.2    Martin, A.L.3    Dampier, S.M.4    Maple, T.L.5
  • 90
    • 65649152726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of social networks derived from ecological data: Implications for inferring infectious disease dynamics
    • Perkins SE, Cagnacci F, Stradiotto A, Arnoldi D and Hudson PJ 2009 Comparison of social networks derived from ecological data: implications for inferring infectious disease dynamics. Journal of Animal Ecology 78: 1015-1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01557.x
    • (2009) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 1015-1022
    • Perkins, S.E.1    Cagnacci, F.2    Stradiotto, A.3    Arnoldi, D.4    Hudson, P.J.5
  • 91
    • 84863822609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sociobiology of sex: Inclusive fitness consequences of inter-sexual interactions
    • Pizzari T and Gardner A 2012 The sociobiology of sex: inclusive fitness consequences of inter-sexual interactions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367: 2314-2323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0281
    • (2012) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences , vol.367 , pp. 2314-2323
    • Pizzari, T.1    Gardner, A.2
  • 92
    • 0141595842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A note on a modification of the spread of participation index allowing for unequal zones
    • Plowman AB 2003 A note on a modification of the spread of participation index allowing for unequal zones. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 83: 331-336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1591(03)00142-4
    • (2003) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.83 , pp. 331-336
    • Plowman, A.B.1
  • 93
    • 11844286900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Welfare implications of captive primate population management: Behavioural and psycho-social effects of female-based contraception, oestrus and male removal in hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas)
    • Plowman AB, Jordan NR, Anderson N, Condon E and Fraser O 2005 Welfare implications of captive primate population management: behavioural and psycho-social effects of female-based contraception, oestrus and male removal in hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas). Applied Animal Behaviour Science 90: 155-165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2004.08.014
    • (2005) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.90 , pp. 155-165
    • Plowman, A.B.1    Jordan, N.R.2    Anderson, N.3    Condon, E.4    Fraser, O.5
  • 94
    • 33747046097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-ranking mares of captive plains zebra Equus burchelli have greater reproductive success than low-ranking mares
    • Pluháček J, Bartoš L and Čulík L 2006 High-ranking mares of captive plains zebra Equus burchelli have greater reproductive success than low-ranking mares. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 99: 315-329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2005.11.003
    • (2006) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.99 , pp. 315-329
    • Pluháček, J.1    Bartoš, L.2    Čulík, L.3
  • 95
    • 84929990306 scopus 로고
    • Epigamic and reproductive behavior of orange-chinned parakeets in captivity
    • Power DM 1967 Epigamic and reproductive behavior of orange-chinned parakeets in captivity. The Condor 69: 28-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1366370
    • (1967) The Condor , vol.69 , pp. 28-41
    • Power, D.M.1
  • 96
    • 33847114801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Group size: Determinants in the wild and implications for the captive housing of wild mammals in zoos
    • Price EE and Stoinski TS 2007 Group size: determinants in the wild and implications for the captive housing of wild mammals in zoos. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 103: 255-264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2006.05.021
    • (2007) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.103 , pp. 255-264
    • Price, E.E.1    Stoinski, T.S.2
  • 97
    • 11844287619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary comparisons of male/male interactions within bachelor and breeding groups of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)
    • Pullen PK 2005 Preliminary comparisons of male/male interactions within bachelor and breeding groups of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Applied Animal Behaviour Science 90: 143-153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2004.08.016
    • (2005) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.90 , pp. 143-153
    • Pullen, P.K.1
  • 98
    • 83555174766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Friends with benefits: Social support and its relevance for farm animal welfare
    • Rault J-L 2012 Friends with benefits: social support and its relevance for farm animal welfare. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 136: 1-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2011.10.002
    • (2012) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.136 , pp. 1-14
    • Rault, J.-L.1
  • 99
    • 84930006371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do you have friends in high places? Social attachment and partner preference in captive giraffe
    • Hill S (ed)
    • Rose P 2010 Do you have friends in high places? Social attachment and partner preference in captive giraffe. In: Hill S (ed) 12th BIAZA Research Symposium. 7-8 July 2010, Chester Zoo, UK
    • (2010) 12th BIAZA Research Symposium. 7-8 July 2010, Chester Zoo, UK
    • Rose, P.1
  • 100
    • 84883281064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential preference for ultraviolet light among captive birds from three ecological habitats
    • Ross MR, Gillespie KL, Hopper LM, Bloomsmith MA and Maple TL 2013 Differential preference for ultraviolet light among captive birds from three ecological habitats. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 147: 278-285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2013.05.006
    • (2013) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.147 , pp. 278-285
    • Ross, M.R.1    Gillespie, K.L.2    Hopper, L.M.3    Bloomsmith, M.A.4    Maple, T.L.5
  • 102
    • 0035629325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disease risk and inter-institutional transfer of specimens in cooperative breeding programs: Herpes and the elephant species survival plans
    • Ryan SJ and Thompson SD 2001 Disease risk and inter-institutional transfer of specimens in cooperative breeding programs: Herpes and the elephant species survival plans. Zoo Biology 20: 89-101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1009
    • (2001) Zoo Biology , vol.20 , pp. 89-101
    • Ryan, S.J.1    Thompson, S.D.2
  • 103
    • 49049137061 scopus 로고
    • A cooperative breeding programme for the Mongolian wild horse Equus przewalskii in the United States
    • Ryder OA and Wedemeyer EA 1982 A cooperative breeding programme for the Mongolian wild horse Equus przewalskii in the United States. Biological Conservation 22 : 259-271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(82)90021-0
    • (1982) Biological Conservation , vol.22 , pp. 259-271
    • Ryder, O.A.1    Wedemeyer, E.A.2
  • 105
    • 0033892745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social and reproductive relationships of captive Caribbean flamingos
    • Shannon PW 2000 Social and reproductive relationships of captive Caribbean flamingos. Waterbirds: The International Journal of Waterbird Biology 23: 173-178. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1522162
    • (2000) Waterbirds: The International Journal of Waterbird Biology , vol.23 , pp. 173-178
    • Shannon, P.W.1
  • 106
    • 16244408652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A method for assessing the relative sociability of individuals within groups: An example with grazing sheep
    • Sibbald AM, Elston DA, Smith DJF and Erhard HW 2005 A method for assessing the relative sociability of individuals within groups: an example with grazing sheep. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 91: 57-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2004.09.002
    • (2005) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.91 , pp. 57-73
    • Sibbald, A.M.1    Elston, D.A.2    Smith, D.J.F.3    Erhard, H.W.4
  • 107
    • 33748944169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mix matters: Behavioural types and group dynamics in water striders
    • Sih A and Watters JV 2005 The mix matters: behavioural types and group dynamics in water striders. Behaviour 142: 1417-1431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853905774539454
    • (2005) Behaviour , vol.142 , pp. 1417-1431
    • Sih, A.1    Watters, J.V.2
  • 109
    • 34548679807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social components of fitness in primate groups
    • Silk JB 2007b Social components of fitness in primate groups. Science 317: 1347-1351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1140734
    • (2007) Science , vol.317 , pp. 1347-1351
    • Silk, J.B.1
  • 114
    • 77749269585 scopus 로고
    • Orientation of Adélie penguins on their territories
    • Spurr E 1975 Orientation of Adélie penguins on their territories. The Condor 77: 335-337. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1366231
    • (1975) The Condor , vol.77 , pp. 335-337
    • Spurr, E.1
  • 115
    • 84883290727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of age and group type on social behaviour of male western gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in North American zoos
    • Stoinski TS, Lukas KE and Kuhar CW 2013 Effects of age and group type on social behaviour of male western gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in North American zoos. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 147: 316-323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2013.07.003
    • (2013) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.147 , pp. 316-323
    • Stoinski, T.S.1    Lukas, K.E.2    Kuhar, C.W.3
  • 116
    • 3342881960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing the formation and maintenance of all-male gorilla groups in captivity
    • Stoinski TS, Lukas KE, Kuhar CW and Maple TL 2004 Factors influencing the formation and maintenance of all-male gorilla groups in captivity. Zoo Biology 23: 189-203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.20005
    • (2004) Zoo Biology , vol.23 , pp. 189-203
    • Stoinski, T.S.1    Lukas, K.E.2    Kuhar, C.W.3    Maple, T.L.4
  • 117
    • 79959542748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How can social network analysis improve the study of primate behavior?
    • Sueur C, Jacobs A, Amblard F, Petit O and King AJ 2011 How can social network analysis improve the study of primate behavior? American Journal of Primatology 73: 703-719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20915
    • (2011) American Journal of Primatology , vol.73 , pp. 703-719
    • Sueur, C.1    Jacobs, A.2    Amblard, F.3    Petit, O.4    King, A.J.5
  • 118
    • 0036909309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affiliation among females in wild hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas hamadryas)
    • Swedell L 2002 Affiliation among females in wild hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas hamadryas). International Journal of Primatology 23: 1205-1226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021170703006
    • (2002) International Journal of Primatology , vol.23 , pp. 1205-1226
    • Swedell, L.1
  • 119
    • 0034340948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social attachment in giraffe: Response to social separation
    • Tarou LR, Bashaw MJ and Maple TL 2000 Social attachment in giraffe: Response to social separation. Zoo Biology 19: 41-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(2000)19:1〈41::AID-ZOO5〉3.0.CO;2-J
    • (2000) Zoo Biology , vol.19 , pp. 41-51
    • Tarou, L.R.1    Bashaw, M.J.2    Maple, T.L.3
  • 120
    • 84868243766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ratings of animal personality as a tool for improving the breeding, management and welfare of zoo mammals
    • Tetley CL and O'Hara SJ 2012 Ratings of animal personality as a tool for improving the breeding, management and welfare of zoo mammals. Animal Welfare 21: 463-476. http://dx.doi.org/10.7120/09627286.21.4.463
    • (2012) Animal Welfare , vol.21 , pp. 463-476
    • Tetley, C.L.1    O'Hara, S.J.2
  • 121
    • 38249023801 scopus 로고
    • Social behavior in a group of orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus abelii) in a zoo setting
    • Tobach E, Greenberg G, Radell P and McCarthy T 1989 Social behavior in a group of orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus abelii) in a zoo setting. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 23: 141-154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(89)90014-2
    • (1989) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.23 , pp. 141-154
    • Tobach, E.1    Greenberg, G.2    Radell, P.3    McCarthy, T.4
  • 122
    • 0035813568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of social group size on aggressive behaviour between unacquainted domestic pigs
    • Turner SP, Horgan GW and Edwards SA 2001 Effect of social group size on aggressive behaviour between unacquainted domestic pigs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 74: 203-215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1591(01)00168-X
    • (2001) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.74 , pp. 203-215
    • Turner, S.P.1    Horgan, G.W.2    Edwards, S.A.3
  • 123
    • 44149119603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personality assessment in the Great Apes: Comparing ecologically valid behavior measures, behavior ratings, and adjective ratings
    • Uher J and Asendorpf JB 2008 Personality assessment in the Great Apes: Comparing ecologically valid behavior measures, behavior ratings, and adjective ratings. Journal of Research in Personality 42: 821-838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2007.10.004
    • (2008) Journal of Research in Personality , vol.42 , pp. 821-838
    • Uher, J.1    Asendorpf, J.B.2
  • 125
    • 79959572019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Network measures for dyadic interactions: Stability and reliability
    • Voelkl B, Kasper C and Schwab C 2011 Network measures for dyadic interactions: stability and reliability. American Journal of Primatology 73: 731-740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20945
    • (2011) American Journal of Primatology , vol.73 , pp. 731-740
    • Voelkl, B.1    Kasper, C.2    Schwab, C.3
  • 126
    • 0034970060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Display in monogamous pairs: A review of empirical data and evolutionary explanations
    • Wachtmeister C-A 2001 Display in monogamous pairs: a review of empirical data and evolutionary explanations. Animal Behaviour 61: 861-868. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2001.1684
    • (2001) Animal Behaviour , vol.61 , pp. 861-868
    • Wachtmeister, C.-A.1
  • 127
    • 51349111162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grouping patterns and competition among female Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda
    • Wakefield M 2008 Grouping patterns and competition among female Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. International Journal of Primatology 29: 907-929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-008-9280-7
    • (2008) International Journal of Primatology , vol.29 , pp. 907-929
    • Wakefield, M.1
  • 128
    • 84879255662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social dynamics among females and their influence on social structure in an East African chimpanzee community
    • Wakefield ML 2013 Social dynamics among females and their influence on social structure in an East African chimpanzee community. Animal Behaviour 85: 1303-1313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.03.019
    • (2013) Animal Behaviour , vol.85 , pp. 1303-1313
    • Wakefield, M.L.1
  • 129
    • 28244469750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nest-site characteristics and breeding biology of the black-cheeked lovebird Agapornis nigrigenis in Zambia
    • Warburton LS and Perrin MR 2005 Nest-site characteristics and breeding biology of the black-cheeked lovebird Agapornis nigrigenis in Zambia. Ostrich Journal of African Ornithology 76: 162-174. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/00306520509485489
    • (2005) Ostrich Journal of African Ornithology , vol.76 , pp. 162-174
    • Warburton, L.S.1    Perrin, M.R.2
  • 130
    • 84868218328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring animal personality for use in population management in zoos: Suggested methods and rationale
    • Watters JV and Powell DM 2012 Measuring animal personality for use in population management in zoos: suggested methods and rationale. Zoo Biology 31: 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.20379
    • (2012) Zoo Biology , vol.31 , pp. 1-12
    • Watters, J.V.1    Powell, D.M.2
  • 131
    • 0036793026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection and life-history decisions: Implications for supportive breeding and the management of captive populations
    • Wedekind C 2002 Sexual selection and life-history decisions: implications for supportive breeding and the management of captive populations. Conservation Biology 16: 1204-1211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.01217.x
    • (2002) Conservation Biology , vol.16 , pp. 1204-1211
    • Wedekind, C.1
  • 132
    • 38649116939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social network analysis of animal behaviour: A promising tool for the study of sociality
    • Wey T, Blumstein DT, Shen W and Jordán F 2008 Social network analysis of animal behaviour: a promising tool for the study of sociality. Animal Behaviour 75: 333-344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.06.020
    • (2008) Animal Behaviour , vol.75 , pp. 333-344
    • Wey, T.1    Blumstein, D.T.2    Shen, W.3    Jordán, F.4
  • 133
    • 84879252248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive correlates of social network variation in plurally breeding degus (Octodon degus)
    • Wey TW, Burger JR, Ebensperger LA and Hayes LD 2013 Reproductive correlates of social network variation in plurally breeding degus (Octodon degus). Animal Behaviour 85: 1407-1414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.03.035
    • (2013) Animal Behaviour , vol.85 , pp. 1407-1414
    • Wey, T.W.1    Burger, J.R.2    Ebensperger, L.A.3    Hayes, L.D.4
  • 134
    • 0001772395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing association patterns of social animals
    • Whitehead H 1999 Testing association patterns of social animals. Animal Behaviour 57: 26-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1999.1099
    • (1999) Animal Behaviour , vol.57 , pp. 26-29
    • Whitehead, H.1
  • 136
    • 61349153541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SOCPROG programs: Analysing animal social structures
    • Whitehead H 2009 SOCPROG programs: analysing animal social structures. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 63: 765-778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-008-0697-y
    • (2009) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.63 , pp. 765-778
    • Whitehead, H.1
  • 137
    • 17844362996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing association patterns: Issues arising and extensions
    • Whitehead H, Bejder L and Andrea Ottensmeyer C 2005 Testing association patterns: issues arising and extensions. Animal Behaviour 69: e1-e6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.11.004
    • (2005) Animal Behaviour , vol.69 , pp. e1-e6
    • Whitehead, H.1    Bejder, L.2    Andrea Ottensmeyer, C.3
  • 138
    • 77956742198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Techniques for analyzing vertebrate social structure using identified individuals: Review and recommendations
    • Slater PJB, Rosenblat JS, Snowden CT and Roper TJ (eds) Academic Press: Waltham, USA
    • Whitehead H and Dufault S 1999 Techniques for analyzing vertebrate social structure using identified individuals: review and recommendations. In: Slater PJB, Rosenblat JS, Snowden CT and Roper TJ (eds) Advances in the Study of Behavior pp 33-74. Academic Press: Waltham, USA
    • (1999) Advances in the Study of Behavior , pp. 33-74
    • Whitehead, H.1    Dufault, S.2
  • 139
    • 84883263921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New directions for zoo animal welfare science
    • Whitham JC and Wielebnowski N 2013 New directions for zoo animal welfare science. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 147: 247-260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2013.02.004
    • (2013) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.147 , pp. 247-260
    • Whitham, J.C.1    Wielebnowski, N.2
  • 140
    • 77958587975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of captive-management programmes and regional collection planning for parrots
    • Wilkinson R 2000 An overview of captive-management programmes and regional collection planning for parrots. International Zoo Yearbook 37: 36-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.2000.tb00705.x
    • (2000) International Zoo Yearbook , vol.37 , pp. 36-58
    • Wilkinson, R.1
  • 141
    • 84871930810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Network position: A key component in the characterization of social personality types
    • Wilson A, Krause S, Dingemanse N and Krause J 2013 Network position: a key component in the characterization of social personality types. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 67: 163-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-012-1428-y
    • (2013) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.67 , pp. 163-173
    • Wilson, A.1    Krause, S.2    Dingemanse, N.3    Krause, J.4
  • 142
    • 33746118741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nocturnal behavior in a group of female African elephants
    • Wilson ML, Bashaw MJ, Fountain K, Kieschnick S and Maple TL 2006 Nocturnal behavior in a group of female African elephants. Zoo Biology 25: 173-186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.20084
    • (2006) Zoo Biology , vol.25 , pp. 173-186
    • Wilson, M.L.1    Bashaw, M.J.2    Fountain, K.3    Kieschnick, S.4    Maple, T.L.5
  • 143
    • 67349282705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social cohesion in a hierarchically structured embayment population of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins
    • Wiszniewski J, Allen SJ and Möller LM 2009 Social cohesion in a hierarchically structured embayment population of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins. Animal Behaviour 77: 1449-1457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.02.025
    • (2009) Animal Behaviour , vol.77 , pp. 1449-1457
    • Wiszniewski, J.1    Allen, S.J.2    Möller, L.M.3
  • 144
    • 77957793641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female bisexual kinship ties maintain social cohesion in a dolphin network
    • Wiszniewski J, Lusseau D and Möller LM 2010 Female bisexual kinship ties maintain social cohesion in a dolphin network. Animal Behaviour 80: 895-904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.08.013
    • (2010) Animal Behaviour , vol.80 , pp. 895-904
    • Wiszniewski, J.1    Lusseau, D.2    Möller, L.M.3
  • 145
    • 20444369577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The socioecology of elephants: Analysis of the processes creating multitiered social structures
    • Wittemyer G, Douglas-Hamilton I and Getz WM 2005 The socioecology of elephants: analysis of the processes creating multitiered social structures. Animal Behaviour 69: 1357-1371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.08.018
    • (2005) Animal Behaviour , vol.69 , pp. 1357-1371
    • Wittemyer, G.1    Douglas-Hamilton, I.2    Getz, W.M.3
  • 146
    • 34548576863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social dominance, seasonal movements, and spatial segregation in African elephants: A contribution to conservation behavior
    • Wittemyer G, Getz WM, Vollrath F and Douglas-Hamilton I 2007 Social dominance, seasonal movements, and spatial segregation in African elephants: a contribution to conservation behavior. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 61: 1919-1931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-007-0432-0
    • (2007) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.61 , pp. 1919-1931
    • Wittemyer, G.1    Getz, W.M.2    Vollrath, F.3    Douglas-Hamilton, I.4
  • 149
    • 0002546850 scopus 로고
    • Diurnal cycle, behaviour and social organization of the budgerigar Melopsittacus undulatus
    • Wyndham E 1980 Diurnal cycle, behaviour and social organization of the budgerigar Melopsittacus undulatus. Emu 80: 25-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/MU9800025
    • (1980) Emu , vol.80 , pp. 25-33
    • Wyndham, E.1
  • 150
    • 40449132202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of positive welfare: A review
    • Yeates JW and Main DC 2008 Assessment of positive welfare: a review. The Veterinary Journal 175: 293-300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.05.009
    • (2008) The Veterinary Journal , vol.175 , pp. 293-300
    • Yeates, J.W.1    Main, D.C.2
  • 151
    • 84904394961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male social bonds and rank predict supporter selection in cooperative aggression in wild Barbary macaques
    • Young C, Majolo B, Schülke O and Ostner J 2014 Male social bonds and rank predict supporter selection in cooperative aggression in wild Barbary macaques. Animal Behaviour 95: 23-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.06.007
    • (2014) Animal Behaviour , vol.95 , pp. 23-32
    • Young, C.1    Majolo, B.2    Schülke, O.3    Ostner, J.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.