메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 25, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 173-186

Nocturnal behavior in a group of female African elephants

Author keywords

Activity budget; Age; Management; Welfare

Indexed keywords

ELEPHANTIDAE; LOXODONTA; LOXODONTA AFRICANA;

EID: 33746118741     PISSN: 07333188     EISSN: 10982361     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/zoo.20084     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (52)

References (41)
  • 1
    • 0001309209 scopus 로고
    • Behavior of female African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in captivity
    • Adams J, Berg J. 1980. Behavior of female African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in captivity. Appl Anim Ethol 6:257-76.
    • (1980) Appl Anim Ethol , vol.6 , pp. 257-276
    • Adams, J.1    Berg, J.2
  • 2
    • 0026564032 scopus 로고
    • Density-dependent changes in the spacing behavior of female kin in red deer
    • Albon SD, Staines HJ, Guinness FE, Clutton-Brock TH. 1992. Density-dependent changes in the spacing behavior of female kin in red deer. J Anim Ecol 61:131-7.
    • (1992) J Anim Ecol , vol.61 , pp. 131-137
    • Albon, S.D.1    Staines, H.J.2    Guinness, F.E.3    Clutton-Brock, T.H.4
  • 3
    • 84972017674 scopus 로고
    • Food restriction as a cause of stereotypic behavior in tethered gilts
    • Appleby MC, Lawrence AB. 1987. Food restriction as a cause of stereotypic behavior in tethered gilts. Anim Prod 45:103-10.
    • (1987) Anim Prod , vol.45 , pp. 103-110
    • Appleby, M.C.1    Lawrence, A.B.2
  • 4
    • 0016235113 scopus 로고
    • Observational study of behavior: Sampling methods
    • Altmann J. 1974. Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behavior 48:227-65.
    • (1974) Behavior , vol.48 , pp. 227-265
    • Altmann, J.1
  • 7
    • 0042625657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A survey assessment of variables related to stereotypy in giraffe and okapi
    • Bashaw MJ, Tarou LR, Maki TS, Maple TL. 2001. A survey assessment of variables related to stereotypy in giraffe and okapi. Appl Anim Behav Sci 73:233-45.
    • (2001) Appl Anim Behav Sci , vol.73 , pp. 233-245
    • Bashaw, M.J.1    Tarou, L.R.2    Maki, T.S.3    Maple, T.L.4
  • 8
    • 3242710909 scopus 로고
    • Developmental behavior of three African elephant calves (Loxodonta africana) in captivity
    • Berg JK. 1987. Developmental behavior of three African elephant calves (Loxodonta africana) in captivity. Zool Gart 57:171-96.
    • (1987) Zool Gart , vol.57 , pp. 171-196
    • Berg, J.K.1
  • 9
    • 0029479449 scopus 로고
    • Effects of predictable versus unpredictable feeding schedules on chimpanzee behavior
    • Bloomsmith MA, Lambeth SP. 1995. Effects of predictable versus unpredictable feeding schedules on chimpanzee behavior. Appl Anim Behav Sci 44:65-74.
    • (1995) Appl Anim Behav Sci , vol.44 , pp. 65-74
    • Bloomsmith, M.A.1    Lambeth, S.P.2
  • 10
    • 1042263709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The behavioral effects of meal predictability on chimpanzee behavior
    • Bloomsmith MA, Lambeth SP, Stoinski TS. 2001. The behavioral effects of meal predictability on chimpanzee behavior. Am J Primatol 54(Suppl):96.
    • (2001) Am J Primatol , vol.54 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 96
    • Bloomsmith, M.A.1    Lambeth, S.P.2    Stoinski, T.S.3
  • 13
    • 0002775859 scopus 로고
    • Play in ungulates
    • Smith PK, editor. Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd.
    • Byers JA. 1984. Play in ungulates. In: Smith PK, editor. Play in animals and humans. Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd. p 43-65.
    • (1984) Play in Animals and Humans , pp. 43-65
    • Byers, J.A.1
  • 16
    • 0003621183 scopus 로고
    • New York: Oxford University Press. 684p.
    • Fagan R. 1981. Animal play behavior. New York: Oxford University Press. 684p.
    • (1981) Animal Play Behavior
    • Fagan, R.1
  • 17
    • 0033557469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavior of picketed circus elephants
    • Friend TH. 1999. Behavior of picketed circus elephants. Appl Anim Behav Sci 62:73-88.
    • (1999) Appl Anim Behav Sci , vol.62 , pp. 73-88
    • Friend, T.H.1
  • 18
    • 0032775118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of penning versus picketing on stereotypic behavior of circus elephants
    • Friend TH, Parker ML. 1999. The effect of penning versus picketing on stereotypic behavior of circus elephants. Appl Anim Behav Sci 64:213-55.
    • (1999) Appl Anim Behav Sci , vol.64 , pp. 213-255
    • Friend, T.H.1    Parker, M.L.2
  • 19
    • 84990749902 scopus 로고
    • Special relationships between female Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in zoological gardens
    • Garai ME. 1992. Special relationships between female Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in zoological gardens. Ethology 90:187-205.
    • (1992) Ethology , vol.90 , pp. 187-205
    • Garai, M.E.1
  • 21
    • 0034680054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agonistic and proximity patterns in enclosed mouflon (Ovis gmelini) ewes in relation to age, reproductive status and kinship
    • Guilhem C, Bideau E, Gerard JF, Maublanc ML. 2000. Agonistic and proximity patterns in enclosed mouflon (Ovis gmelini) ewes in relation to age, reproductive status and kinship. Behav Processes 50:101-12.
    • (2000) Behav Processes , vol.50 , pp. 101-112
    • Guilhem, C.1    Bideau, E.2    Gerard, J.F.3    Maublanc, M.L.4
  • 22
    • 0017287007 scopus 로고
    • Interactions, relationships, and social structure
    • Hinde RA. 1976. Interactions, relationships, and social structure. Man 11:1-17.
    • (1976) Man , vol.11 , pp. 1-17
    • Hinde, R.A.1
  • 23
    • 0026130028 scopus 로고
    • Wood chewing by stabled horses: Diurnal pattern and effects of exercise
    • Krzak WE, Gonyou HW, Lawrence LM. 1991. Wood chewing by stabled horses: diurnal pattern and effects of exercise. J Anim Sci 69:1053-8.
    • (1991) J Anim Sci , vol.69 , pp. 1053-1058
    • Krzak, W.E.1    Gonyou, H.W.2    Lawrence, L.M.3
  • 24
    • 0040719706 scopus 로고
    • Vocalizations of captive Francois' languars linked to stereotypy and possible stress
    • Krishnamurthy R. 1994. Vocalizations of captive Francois' languars linked to stereotypy and possible stress. Folia Primatol 63:91-5.
    • (1994) Folia Primatol , vol.63 , pp. 91-95
    • Krishnamurthy, R.1
  • 25
    • 0033666650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of feeding duration and rumen fill on behavior in dairy cows
    • Lindstrom T, Redbo I. 2000. Effect of feeding duration and rumen fill on behavior in dairy cows. Appl Anim Behav Sci 70:83-97.
    • (2000) Appl Anim Behav Sci , vol.70 , pp. 83-97
    • Lindstrom, T.1    Redbo, I.2
  • 27
    • 0029264783 scopus 로고
    • Management factors associated with stereotypic and redirected behavior in the thoroughbred horse
    • McGreevy PD, Cripps PJ, French NP, Green LE, Nicol CJ. 1995. Management factors associated with stereotypic and redirected behavior in the thoroughbred horse. Equine Vet J 27: 86-91.
    • (1995) Equine Vet J , vol.27 , pp. 86-91
    • McGreevy, P.D.1    Cripps, P.J.2    French, N.P.3    Green, L.E.4    Nicol, C.J.5
  • 28
  • 29
    • 80053645318 scopus 로고
    • Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 371p.
    • Moss C. 1982. Portraits in the wild. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 371p.
    • (1982) Portraits in the Wild
    • Moss, C.1
  • 30
    • 0002387072 scopus 로고
    • Relationships and social structure of African elephants
    • Hinde RA, editor. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc.
    • Moss CJ, Poole JH. 1983. Relationships and social structure of African elephants. In: Hinde RA, editor. Primate social relationships: an integrated approach. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc. p 315-25.
    • (1983) Primate Social Relationships: An Integrated Approach , pp. 315-325
    • Moss, C.J.1    Poole, J.H.2
  • 31
  • 32
    • 0000257761 scopus 로고
    • Stereotypies, aggression and the feeding schedules of tethered sows
    • Rushen JP. 1985. Stereotypies, aggression and the feeding schedules of tethered sows. Appl Anim Behav Sci 14:137-47.
    • (1985) Appl Anim Behav Sci , vol.14 , pp. 137-147
    • Rushen, J.P.1
  • 33
    • 0009199768 scopus 로고
    • Keeping circus elephants temporarily in paddocks
    • Schmid J. 1995. Keeping circus elephants temporarily in paddocks. Anim Welf 4:87-101.
    • (1995) Anim Welf , vol.4 , pp. 87-101
    • Schmid, J.1
  • 34
    • 0141489420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction of foreign female Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) into an existing group: Behavioral reactions and changes in cortisol levels
    • Schmid J, Hiestermann M, Ganslosser U, Hodges JK. 2001. Introduction of foreign female Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) into an existing group: behavioral reactions and changes in cortisol levels. Anim Welf 10:357-72.
    • (2001) Anim Welf , vol.10 , pp. 357-372
    • Schmid, J.1    Hiestermann, M.2    Ganslosser, U.3    Hodges, J.K.4
  • 35
    • 33746107888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nocturnal social behavior of six African elephants (Loxodonta africana) at Vienna Zoo
    • Schwammer HM, Weisz I, Wuestenhagen A. 2000. Nocturnal social behavior of six African elephants (Loxodonta africana) at Vienna Zoo. J Eleph Managers Assoc 11:121-5.
    • (2000) J Eleph Managers Assoc , vol.11 , pp. 121-125
    • Schwammer, H.M.1    Weisz, I.2    Wuestenhagen, A.3
  • 36
    • 0034362216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A preliminary study of the behavioral effects of feeding enrichment on African elephants
    • Stoinski TS, Daniel E, Maple TL. 2000. A preliminary study of the behavioral effects of feeding enrichment on African elephants. Zoo Biol 19:485-93.
    • (2000) Zoo Biol , vol.19 , pp. 485-493
    • Stoinski, T.S.1    Daniel, E.2    Maple, T.L.3
  • 37
    • 0026538513 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral sleep in the Asian elephant in captivity
    • Tobler I. 1992. Behavioral sleep in the Asian elephant in captivity. Sleep 15:1-12.
    • (1992) Sleep , vol.15 , pp. 1-12
    • Tobler, I.1
  • 38
    • 1042303597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereotypic swaying and serum cortisol concentrations in three captive African elephants (Loxodonta africana)
    • Wilson ML, Bloomsmith MA, Maple TL. 2004. Stereotypic swaying and serum cortisol concentrations in three captive African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Anim Welf 13:39-43.
    • (2004) Anim Welf , vol.13 , pp. 39-43
    • Wilson, M.L.1    Bloomsmith, M.A.2    Maple, T.L.3
  • 39
    • 33746108462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavior and serum cortisol concentrations in three African elephants (Loxodonta africana): Preliminary results
    • Schwammer HM, Foose TJ, Fouraker M, Olson D, editors. Muenster, Germany: Schueling Publishers
    • Wilson ML, Bloomsmith MA, Crane M, Maple TL. 2001. Behavior and serum cortisol concentrations in three African elephants (Loxodonta africana): preliminary results. In: Schwammer HM, Foose TJ, Fouraker M, Olson D, editors. A research update on elephants and rhinos. Muenster, Germany: Schueling Publishers, p 147-9.
    • (2001) A Research Update on Elephants and Rhinos , pp. 147-149
    • Wilson, M.L.1    Bloomsmith, M.A.2    Crane, M.3    Maple, T.L.4
  • 40
    • 0000672672 scopus 로고
    • Stereotypies in the stabled horse: Causes, treatments, and prevention
    • Winskill L, Waran NK, Channing C, Young R. 1995. Stereotypies in the stabled horse: causes, treatments, and prevention. Curr Sci 69:310-6.
    • (1995) Curr Sci , vol.69 , pp. 310-316
    • Winskill, L.1    Waran, N.K.2    Channing, C.3    Young, R.4
  • 41
    • 84995243032 scopus 로고
    • The daily activity of the elephants in the Rwensori National Parks, Uganda
    • Wyatt JR, Eltringham SK. 1974. The daily activity of the elephants in the Rwensori National Parks, Uganda. E Afr Wild J 12:273-89.
    • (1974) E Afr Wild J , vol.12 , pp. 273-289
    • Wyatt, J.R.1    Eltringham, S.K.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.