메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 85, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 1303-1313

Social dynamics among females and their influence on social structure in an East African chimpanzee community

Author keywords

Affiliative interaction; Association pattern; Chimpanzee social structure; Female social relationship; Grooming; Pan troglodytes; Social bond; Social network

Indexed keywords

COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; COMPETITION (ECOLOGY); DATA SET; DISPERSAL; FEMALE; HOMINID; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL NETWORK; SOCIAL STRUCTURE;

EID: 84879255662     PISSN: 00033472     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.03.019     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (66)

References (123)
  • 1
    • 0016235113 scopus 로고
    • Observational study of behavior: sampling methods
    • Altmann J. Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour 1974, 49:227-267.
    • (1974) Behaviour , vol.49 , pp. 227-267
    • Altmann, J.1
  • 2
    • 76949087469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ranging behavior and territoriality in chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda
    • Ph.D. thesis, University of Michigan.
    • Amsler, S. 2009. Ranging behavior and territoriality in chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. Ph.D. thesis, University of Michigan.
    • (2009)
    • Amsler, S.1
  • 3
    • 0032870467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infanticide in chimpanzees: review of cases and a new within-group observation from the Kanyawara study group in Kibale National Park
    • Arcadi A.C., Wrangham R.W. Infanticide in chimpanzees: review of cases and a new within-group observation from the Kanyawara study group in Kibale National Park. Primates 1999, 40:337-351.
    • (1999) Primates , vol.40 , pp. 337-351
    • Arcadi, A.C.1    Wrangham, R.W.2
  • 7
    • 0032169501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amethod for testing association patterns of social animals
    • Bejder L., Fletcher D., Brager S. Amethod for testing association patterns of social animals. Animal Behaviour 1998, 56:719-725.
    • (1998) Animal Behaviour , vol.56 , pp. 719-725
    • Bejder, L.1    Fletcher, D.2    Brager, S.3
  • 8
    • 0026310251 scopus 로고
    • The effects of leopard predation on grouping patterns in forest chimpanzees
    • Boesch C. The effects of leopard predation on grouping patterns in forest chimpanzees. Behaviour 1991, 117:220-242.
    • (1991) Behaviour , vol.117 , pp. 220-242
    • Boesch, C.1
  • 10
    • 0025671549 scopus 로고
    • Comparative ecology of blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis) in high-density and low-density subpopulations
    • Butynski T.M. Comparative ecology of blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis) in high-density and low-density subpopulations. Ecological Monographs 1990, 60:1-26.
    • (1990) Ecological Monographs , vol.60 , pp. 1-26
    • Butynski, T.M.1
  • 11
    • 0001279346 scopus 로고
    • Acomparison of association indices
    • Cairns S.J., Schwager S.J. Acomparison of association indices. Animal Behaviour 1987, 35:1454-1469.
    • (1987) Animal Behaviour , vol.35 , pp. 1454-1469
    • Cairns, S.J.1    Schwager, S.J.2
  • 13
    • 68049091040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The endocrinology of social relationships in rodents
    • Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, P.T. Ellison, P.B. Gray (Eds.)
    • Carter C.S., Boone E., Grippo A.J., Ruscio M., Bales K.L. The endocrinology of social relationships in rodents. Endocrinology of Social Relationships 2009, 121-137. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. P.T. Ellison, P.B. Gray (Eds.).
    • (2009) Endocrinology of Social Relationships , pp. 121-137
    • Carter, C.S.1    Boone, E.2    Grippo, A.J.3    Ruscio, M.4    Bales, K.L.5
  • 17
    • 0002189390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The bottlenose dolphin: social relationships in a fission-fusion society
    • University of Chicago Press, Chicago, J. Mann, R.C. Conner, P.L. Tyack, H. Whitehead (Eds.)
    • Conner R.C., Wells R.S., Mann J., Read A.J. The bottlenose dolphin: social relationships in a fission-fusion society. Cetacean Societies: Field Studies of Dolphins and Whales 2000, 91-126. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. J. Mann, R.C. Conner, P.L. Tyack, H. Whitehead (Eds.).
    • (2000) Cetacean Societies: Field Studies of Dolphins and Whales , pp. 91-126
    • Conner, R.C.1    Wells, R.S.2    Mann, J.3    Read, A.J.4
  • 18
    • 0002429284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Friendships, alliances, reciprocity and repair
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, A. Whiten, R.W. Byrne (Eds.)
    • Cords M. Friendships, alliances, reciprocity and repair. Machiavellian Intelligence II: Extensions and Evaluations 1997, 24-49. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. A. Whiten, R.W. Byrne (Eds.).
    • (1997) Machiavellian Intelligence II: Extensions and Evaluations , pp. 24-49
    • Cords, M.1
  • 21
    • 11844255778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disentangling association patterns in fission-fusion societies using African buffalo as an example
    • Cross P.C., Lloyd-Smith J.O., Getz W.M. Disentangling association patterns in fission-fusion societies using African buffalo as an example. Animal Behaviour 2005, 69:499-506.
    • (2005) Animal Behaviour , vol.69 , pp. 499-506
    • Cross, P.C.1    Lloyd-Smith, J.O.2    Getz, W.M.3
  • 22
    • 33845604334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of sex differences in fission-fusion species: reducing bias by standardizing for party size
    • Springer, New York, NY, N.E. Newton-Fisher, H. Notman, J.D. Paterson, V. Reynolds (Eds.)
    • Emery Thompson M., Wrangham R.W. Comparison of sex differences in fission-fusion species: reducing bias by standardizing for party size. Primates of Western Uganda 2006, 209-226. Springer, New York, NY. N.E. Newton-Fisher, H. Notman, J.D. Paterson, V. Reynolds (Eds.).
    • (2006) Primates of Western Uganda , pp. 209-226
    • Emery Thompson, M.1    Wrangham, R.W.2
  • 23
    • 33847648520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Core area quality is associated with variance in reproductive success among female chimpanzees at Kibale National Park
    • Emery Thompson M., Kahlenberg S.M., Gilby I.C., Wrangham R.W. Core area quality is associated with variance in reproductive success among female chimpanzees at Kibale National Park. Animal Behaviour 2007, 73:501-512.
    • (2007) Animal Behaviour , vol.73 , pp. 501-512
    • Emery Thompson, M.1    Kahlenberg, S.M.2    Gilby, I.C.3    Wrangham, R.W.4
  • 25
    • 0042015163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female relationships and food availability in a forest community of chimpanzees
    • Ph.D. thesis, University of Edinburgh.
    • Fawcett, K. A. 2000. Female relationships and food availability in a forest community of chimpanzees. Ph.D. thesis, University of Edinburgh.
    • (2000)
    • Fawcett, K.A.1
  • 26
    • 0001271826 scopus 로고
    • Sex differences and social organization in free-ranging spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi)
    • Fedigan L.M. Sex differences and social organization in free-ranging spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi). Primates 1984, 25:279-294.
    • (1984) Primates , vol.25 , pp. 279-294
    • Fedigan, L.M.1
  • 29
    • 50249111472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association patterns among wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) reflect sex differences in cooperation
    • Gilby I.C., Wrangham R.W. Association patterns among wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) reflect sex differences in cooperation. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 2008, 62:1831-1842.
    • (2008) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.62 , pp. 1831-1842
    • Gilby, I.C.1    Wrangham, R.W.2
  • 30
    • 58249121621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term reciprocation of grooming in wild West African chimpanzees
    • Gomes C.M., Mundry R., Boesch C. Long-term reciprocation of grooming in wild West African chimpanzees. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 2009, 276:699-706.
    • (2009) Proceedings of the Royal Society B , vol.276 , pp. 699-706
    • Gomes, C.M.1    Mundry, R.2    Boesch, C.3
  • 31
    • 0000058959 scopus 로고
    • The behavior of free living chimpanzees in the Gombe Stream Reserve
    • Goodall J. The behavior of free living chimpanzees in the Gombe Stream Reserve. Animal Behaviour Monographs 1968, 1:163-311.
    • (1968) Animal Behaviour Monographs , vol.1 , pp. 163-311
    • Goodall, J.1
  • 33
    • 0002803586 scopus 로고
    • Temporary association patterns in free ranging chimpanzees: an assessment of individual grouping preferences
    • Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park, California, D.A. Hamburg, E.R. McCown (Eds.)
    • Halperin S.D. Temporary association patterns in free ranging chimpanzees: an assessment of individual grouping preferences. The Great Apes 1979, 491-500. Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park, California. D.A. Hamburg, E.R. McCown (Eds.).
    • (1979) The Great Apes , pp. 491-500
    • Halperin, S.D.1
  • 35
    • 0025210108 scopus 로고
    • Amatrix partial correlation test used in investigations of reciprocity and other social interaction patterns at group level
    • Hemelrijk C.K. Amatrix partial correlation test used in investigations of reciprocity and other social interaction patterns at group level. Journal of Theoretical Biology 1990, 143:405-420.
    • (1990) Journal of Theoretical Biology , vol.143 , pp. 405-420
    • Hemelrijk, C.K.1
  • 36
    • 0025245296 scopus 로고
    • Models of, and tests for, reciprocity, unidirectionality and other social-interaction patterns at a group level
    • Hemelrijk C.K. Models of, and tests for, reciprocity, unidirectionality and other social-interaction patterns at a group level. Animal Behaviour 1990, 39:1013-1029.
    • (1990) Animal Behaviour , vol.39 , pp. 1013-1029
    • Hemelrijk, C.K.1
  • 37
    • 0017287007 scopus 로고
    • Interactions, relationships and social structure
    • Hinde R.A. Interactions, relationships and social structure. Man 1976, 11:1-17.
    • (1976) Man , vol.11 , pp. 1-17
    • Hinde, R.A.1
  • 38
    • 0942297188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics in social organization of bonobos (Pan paniscus)
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, C. Boesch, G. Hohmann, L.F. Marchant (Eds.)
    • Hohmann G., Fruth B. Dynamics in social organization of bonobos (Pan paniscus). Behavioural Diversity in Chimpanzees and Bonobos 2002, 138-150. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. C. Boesch, G. Hohmann, L.F. Marchant (Eds.).
    • (2002) Behavioural Diversity in Chimpanzees and Bonobos , pp. 138-150
    • Hohmann, G.1    Fruth, B.2
  • 39
    • 0033260028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social bonds and genetic ties: kinship, association and affiliation in a community of bonobos (Pan paniscus)
    • Hohmann G., Gerloff U., Tautz D., Fruth B. Social bonds and genetic ties: kinship, association and affiliation in a community of bonobos (Pan paniscus). Behaviour 1999, 136:1219-1235.
    • (1999) Behaviour , vol.136 , pp. 1219-1235
    • Hohmann, G.1    Gerloff, U.2    Tautz, D.3    Fruth, B.4
  • 41
    • 0026307584 scopus 로고
    • Social relationships between immigrant and resident bonobo (Pan paniscus) females at Wamba
    • Idani G. Social relationships between immigrant and resident bonobo (Pan paniscus) females at Wamba. Folia Primatologica 1991, 57:83-95.
    • (1991) Folia Primatologica , vol.57 , pp. 83-95
    • Idani, G.1
  • 42
    • 0036068050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition for resources and its behavioral consequences among female primates
    • Koenig A. Competition for resources and its behavioral consequences among female primates. International Journal of Primatology 2002, 23:759-783.
    • (2002) International Journal of Primatology , vol.23 , pp. 759-783
    • Koenig, A.1
  • 44
    • 0000504029 scopus 로고
    • Social structure and evolution
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, P.J.B. Slater, T.R. Halliday (Eds.)
    • Lee P.C. Social structure and evolution. Behaviour and Evolution 1994, 266-303. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. P.J.B. Slater, T.R. Halliday (Eds.).
    • (1994) Behaviour and Evolution , pp. 266-303
    • Lee, P.C.1
  • 45
    • 17644409110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bisexually bonded ranging in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus)
    • Lehmann J., Boesch C. Bisexually bonded ranging in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 2005, 57:525-535.
    • (2005) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.57 , pp. 525-535
    • Lehmann, J.1    Boesch, C.2
  • 47
    • 58349088675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sociality of the dispersing sex: the nature of social bonds in West African female chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes
    • Lehmann J., Boesch C. Sociality of the dispersing sex: the nature of social bonds in West African female chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes. Animal Behaviour 2009, 77:377-387.
    • (2009) Animal Behaviour , vol.77 , pp. 377-387
    • Lehmann, J.1    Boesch, C.2
  • 50
    • 0029774573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual segregation in ungulates: new directions for research
    • Main M.B., Weckerly F.W., Bleich V.C. Sexual segregation in ungulates: new directions for research. Journal of Mammalogy 1996, 77:449-461.
    • (1996) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.77 , pp. 449-461
    • Main, M.B.1    Weckerly, F.W.2    Bleich, V.C.3
  • 52
    • 76949084259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperation and competition in chimpanzees: current understanding and future challenges
    • Mitani J.C. Cooperation and competition in chimpanzees: current understanding and future challenges. Evolutionary Anthropology 2009, 18:215-227.
    • (2009) Evolutionary Anthropology , vol.18 , pp. 215-227
    • Mitani, J.C.1
  • 53
    • 0242710160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social and spatial aspects of male subgrouping in a community of wild chimpanzees
    • Mitani J.C., Amsler S.J. Social and spatial aspects of male subgrouping in a community of wild chimpanzees. Behaviour 2003, 140:869-884.
    • (2003) Behaviour , vol.140 , pp. 869-884
    • Mitani, J.C.1    Amsler, S.J.2
  • 54
    • 0026000065 scopus 로고
    • Associations among wild orang-utans: sociality, passive aggregations or chance?
    • Mitani J.C., Grether G.F., Rodman P.S., Priatna D. Associations among wild orang-utans: sociality, passive aggregations or chance?. Animal Behaviour 1991, 42:33-46.
    • (1991) Animal Behaviour , vol.42 , pp. 33-46
    • Mitani, J.C.1    Grether, G.F.2    Rodman, P.S.3    Priatna, D.4
  • 55
    • 0033864417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male affiliation, cooperation and kinship in wild chimpanzees
    • Mitani J.C., Merriwether D.A., Zhang C. Male affiliation, cooperation and kinship in wild chimpanzees. Animal Behaviour 2000, 59:885-893.
    • (2000) Animal Behaviour , vol.59 , pp. 885-893
    • Mitani, J.C.1    Merriwether, D.A.2    Zhang, C.3
  • 56
    • 1142276668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological and social correlates of chimpanzee party size and composition
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, C. Boesch, G. Hohmann, L.F. Marchant (Eds.)
    • Mitani J.C., Watts D.P., Lwanga J.S. Ecological and social correlates of chimpanzee party size and composition. Behavioural Diversity in Chimpanzees and Bonobos 2002, 102-111. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. C. Boesch, G. Hohmann, L.F. Marchant (Eds.).
    • (2002) Behavioural Diversity in Chimpanzees and Bonobos , pp. 102-111
    • Mitani, J.C.1    Watts, D.P.2    Lwanga, J.S.3
  • 58
    • 0002387072 scopus 로고
    • Relationships and social structure of African elephants
    • Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts, R.A. Hinde (Ed.)
    • Moss C.J., Poole J.H. Relationships and social structure of African elephants. Primate Social Relationships 1983, 315-325. Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts. R.A. Hinde (Ed.).
    • (1983) Primate Social Relationships , pp. 315-325
    • Moss, C.J.1    Poole, J.H.2
  • 59
    • 0011576564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agonistic relations among Kanyawara chimpanzees
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, C. Boesch, G. Hohmann, L.F. Marchant (Eds.)
    • Muller M. Agonistic relations among Kanyawara chimpanzees. Behavioural Diversity in Chimpanzees and Bonobos 2002, 112-124. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. C. Boesch, G. Hohmann, L.F. Marchant (Eds.).
    • (2002) Behavioural Diversity in Chimpanzees and Bonobos , pp. 112-124
    • Muller, M.1
  • 60
    • 33749508427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foraging strategies as a function of season and rank among wild female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
    • Murray C.M., Eberly L.E., Pusey A.E. Foraging strategies as a function of season and rank among wild female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Behavioral Ecology 2006, 17:1020-1028.
    • (2006) Behavioral Ecology , vol.17 , pp. 1020-1028
    • Murray, C.M.1    Eberly, L.E.2    Pusey, A.E.3
  • 61
    • 36749009177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dominance rank influences female space use in wild chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes: towards an ideal despotic distribution
    • Murray C.M., Mane S.V., Pusey A.E. Dominance rank influences female space use in wild chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes: towards an ideal despotic distribution. Animal Behaviour 2007, 74:1795-1804.
    • (2007) Animal Behaviour , vol.74 , pp. 1795-1804
    • Murray, C.M.1    Mane, S.V.2    Pusey, A.E.3
  • 62
    • 0033457584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association by male chimpanzees: a social tactic?
    • Newton-Fisher N.E. Association by male chimpanzees: a social tactic?. Behaviour 1999, 136:705-730.
    • (1999) Behaviour , vol.136 , pp. 705-730
    • Newton-Fisher, N.E.1
  • 63
    • 0012392179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships of male chimpanzees in the Budongo Forest, Uganda
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, C. Boesch, G. Hohmann, L.F. Marchant (Eds.)
    • Newton-Fisher N.E. Relationships of male chimpanzees in the Budongo Forest, Uganda. Behavioural Diversity in Chimpanzees and Bonobos 2002, 125-137. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. C. Boesch, G. Hohmann, L.F. Marchant (Eds.).
    • (2002) Behavioural Diversity in Chimpanzees and Bonobos , pp. 125-137
    • Newton-Fisher, N.E.1
  • 64
    • 33845645913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female coalitions against male aggression in wild chimpanzees of the Budongo Forest
    • Newton-Fisher N.E. Female coalitions against male aggression in wild chimpanzees of the Budongo Forest. International Journal of Primatology 2006, 27:1589-1599.
    • (2006) International Journal of Primatology , vol.27 , pp. 1589-1599
    • Newton-Fisher, N.E.1
  • 65
    • 0033824318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food supply and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) party size in the Budongo Forest Reserve, Uganda
    • Newton-Fisher N.E., Reynolds V., Plumptre A.J. Food supply and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) party size in the Budongo Forest Reserve, Uganda. International Journal of Primatology 2000, 21:613-628.
    • (2000) International Journal of Primatology , vol.21 , pp. 613-628
    • Newton-Fisher, N.E.1    Reynolds, V.2    Plumptre, A.J.3
  • 66
    • 51349117438 scopus 로고
    • The social group of wild chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains
    • Nishida T. The social group of wild chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains. Primates 1968, 24:318-336.
    • (1968) Primates , vol.24 , pp. 318-336
    • Nishida, T.1
  • 67
    • 0038241751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harassment of mature female chimpanzees by young males in the Mahale Mountains
    • Nishida T. Harassment of mature female chimpanzees by young males in the Mahale Mountains. International Journal of Primatology 2003, 24:503-514.
    • (2003) International Journal of Primatology , vol.24 , pp. 503-514
    • Nishida, T.1
  • 68
    • 0000736701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coalition strategies among adult male chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, W.C. McGrew, L.F. Marchant, T. Nishida (Eds.)
    • Nishida T., Hosaka K. Coalition strategies among adult male chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. Great Ape Societies 1996, 114-134. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. W.C. McGrew, L.F. Marchant, T. Nishida (Eds.).
    • (1996) Great Ape Societies , pp. 114-134
    • Nishida, T.1    Hosaka, K.2
  • 69
    • 30944449472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) mothers are less gregarious than nonmothers and males: the infant safety hypothesis
    • Otali E., Gilchrist J.S. Why chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) mothers are less gregarious than nonmothers and males: the infant safety hypothesis. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 2006, 59:561-570.
    • (2006) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.59 , pp. 561-570
    • Otali, E.1    Gilchrist, J.S.2
  • 70
    • 70349979578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences on dusky dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) fission-fusion dynamics in Admiralty Bay, New Zealand
    • Pearson H. Influences on dusky dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) fission-fusion dynamics in Admiralty Bay, New Zealand. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 2009, 63:1437-1446.
    • (2009) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.63 , pp. 1437-1446
    • Pearson, H.1
  • 71
    • 79959526195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sociability of female bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): understanding evolutionary pathways toward social convergence
    • Pearson H.C. Sociability of female bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): understanding evolutionary pathways toward social convergence. Evolutionary Anthropology 2011, 20:85-95.
    • (2011) Evolutionary Anthropology , vol.20 , pp. 85-95
    • Pearson, H.C.1
  • 72
    • 0032709664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General gregariousness and specific social preferences among wild chimpanzees
    • Pepper J.W., Mitani J.C., Watts D.P. General gregariousness and specific social preferences among wild chimpanzees. International Journal of Primatology 1999, 20:613-632.
    • (1999) International Journal of Primatology , vol.20 , pp. 613-632
    • Pepper, J.W.1    Mitani, J.C.2    Watts, D.P.3
  • 73
    • 0030467361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female-female social relationships in wild white-faced capuchin monkeys, Cebus capucinus
    • Perry S. Female-female social relationships in wild white-faced capuchin monkeys, Cebus capucinus. American Journal of Primatology 1996, 40:167-182.
    • (1996) American Journal of Primatology , vol.40 , pp. 167-182
    • Perry, S.1
  • 74
    • 70349895180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Floristic heterogeneity between forested sites in Kibale National Park, Uganda: insights into the fine-scale determinants of density in a large-bodied frugivorous primate
    • Potts K.B., Chapman C.A., Lwanga J.S. Floristic heterogeneity between forested sites in Kibale National Park, Uganda: insights into the fine-scale determinants of density in a large-bodied frugivorous primate. Journal of Animal Ecology 2009, 78:1269-1277.
    • (2009) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 1269-1277
    • Potts, K.B.1    Chapman, C.A.2    Lwanga, J.S.3
  • 75
    • 0345225322 scopus 로고
    • Inbreeding avoidance in chimpanzees
    • Pusey A.E. Inbreeding avoidance in chimpanzees. Animal Behaviour 1980, 28:543-552.
    • (1980) Animal Behaviour , vol.28 , pp. 543-552
    • Pusey, A.E.1
  • 76
    • 1842337008 scopus 로고
    • Mother-offspring relationships in chimpanzees after weaning
    • Pusey A.E. Mother-offspring relationships in chimpanzees after weaning. Animal Behaviour 1983, 31:363-377.
    • (1983) Animal Behaviour , vol.31 , pp. 363-377
    • Pusey, A.E.1
  • 81
    • 0034385932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual segregation in ungulates: a new approach
    • Ruckstuhl K.E., Neuhaus P. Sexual segregation in ungulates: a new approach. Behaviour 2000, 137:361-377.
    • (2000) Behaviour , vol.137 , pp. 361-377
    • Ruckstuhl, K.E.1    Neuhaus, P.2
  • 82
    • 0028065690 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting party size and composition of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Bossou, Guinea
    • Sakura O. Factors affecting party size and composition of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Bossou, Guinea. International Journal of Primatology 1994, 15:167-183.
    • (1994) International Journal of Primatology , vol.15 , pp. 167-183
    • Sakura, O.1
  • 84
    • 0030250183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social ties and health: the benefits of social integration
    • Seeman T.E. Social ties and health: the benefits of social integration. Annals of Epidemiology 1996, 6:442-451.
    • (1996) Annals of Epidemiology , vol.6 , pp. 442-451
    • Seeman, T.E.1
  • 85
    • 0036462337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using the 'F'-word in primatology
    • Silk J.B. Using the 'F'-word in primatology. Behaviour 2002, 139:421-446.
    • (2002) Behaviour , vol.139 , pp. 421-446
    • Silk, J.B.1
  • 86
    • 33751384635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social relationships among adult female baboons (Papio cynocephalus) II. Variation in the quality and stability of social bonds
    • Silk J.B., Alberts S.C., Altmann J. Social relationships among adult female baboons (Papio cynocephalus) II. Variation in the quality and stability of social bonds. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 2006, 61:197-204.
    • (2006) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.61 , pp. 197-204
    • Silk, J.B.1    Alberts, S.C.2    Altmann, J.3
  • 88
    • 79960682350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of social networks among female Asian elephants
    • de Silva S., Ranjeewa A., Kryazhimskiy S. The dynamics of social networks among female Asian elephants. BMC Ecology 2011, 11:17.
    • (2011) BMC Ecology , vol.11 , pp. 17
    • de Silva, S.1    Ranjeewa, A.2    Kryazhimskiy, S.3
  • 91
    • 0032994862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eliminating autocorrelation reduces biological relevance of home range estimates
    • de Solla S.R., Bonduriansky R., Brooks R.J. Eliminating autocorrelation reduces biological relevance of home range estimates. Journal of Animal Ecology 1999, 68:221-234.
    • (1999) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 221-234
    • de Solla, S.R.1    Bonduriansky, R.2    Brooks, R.J.3
  • 93
    • 51249173395 scopus 로고
    • Ecological constraints on the grouping of wild orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) in the Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia
    • Sugardjito J., Teboekhorst I.J.A., van Hooff J.A.R.A.M. Ecological constraints on the grouping of wild orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) in the Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia. International Journal of Primatology 1987, 8:17-41.
    • (1987) International Journal of Primatology , vol.8 , pp. 17-41
    • Sugardjito, J.1    Teboekhorst, I.J.A.2    van Hooff, J.A.R.A.M.3
  • 94
    • 0011619068 scopus 로고
    • Social organization of chimpanzees in the Budongo Forest, Uganda
    • Sugiyama Y. Social organization of chimpanzees in the Budongo Forest, Uganda. Primates 1968, 9:225-258.
    • (1968) Primates , vol.9 , pp. 225-258
    • Sugiyama, Y.1
  • 96
    • 0033261170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ameta-analysis of the effects of experimental manipulations of social support during laboratory stress
    • Thorsteinsson E.B., James J.E. Ameta-analysis of the effects of experimental manipulations of social support during laboratory stress. Psychology & Health 1999, 14:869-886.
    • (1999) Psychology & Health , vol.14 , pp. 869-886
    • Thorsteinsson, E.B.1    James, J.E.2
  • 99
    • 0001234981 scopus 로고
    • Sex-differences in the formation of coalitions among chimpanzees
    • de Waal F.B.M. Sex-differences in the formation of coalitions among chimpanzees. Ethology and Sociobiology 1984, 5:239-255.
    • (1984) Ethology and Sociobiology , vol.5 , pp. 239-255
    • de Waal, F.B.M.1
  • 100
    • 51349111162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grouping patterns and competition among female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at Ngogo, Kibale National Park
    • Wakefield M.L. Grouping patterns and competition among female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at Ngogo, Kibale National Park. International Journal of Primatology 2008, 29:907-929.
    • (2008) International Journal of Primatology , vol.29 , pp. 907-929
    • Wakefield, M.L.1
  • 101
    • 84879261314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social bonding and benefits of gregariousness among East African chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) females at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda
    • Wakefield M.L. Social bonding and benefits of gregariousness among East African chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) females at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 2010, 141:311-312.
    • (2010) American Journal of Physical Anthropology , vol.141 , pp. 311-312
    • Wakefield, M.L.1
  • 102
    • 84879263723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Socioecology of female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in the Kibale National Park, Uganda: social relationships
    • association patterns, and costs and benefits of gregariousness in a fission-fusion society. Ph.D. thesis, Yale University.
    • Wakefield, M. L. 2010b. Socioecology of female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in the Kibale National Park, Uganda: social relationships, association patterns, and costs and benefits of gregariousness in a fission-fusion society. Ph.D. thesis, Yale University.
    • (2010)
    • Wakefield, M.L.1
  • 103
    • 84879275080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ranging behavior of bonobos in the Lomako Forest
    • Ph.D. thesis, University of Oregon.
    • Waller, M. T. 2011. The ranging behavior of bonobos in the Lomako Forest. Ph.D. thesis, University of Oregon.
    • (2011)
    • Waller, M.T.1
  • 104
    • 84879267935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The apes: taxonomy, biogeography, life histories, and behavioral ecology
    • University of Chicago Press, Chicago, J. Mitani, J. Call, P.M. Kappeler, R.A. Palombit, J.B. Silk (Eds.)
    • Watts D.P. The apes: taxonomy, biogeography, life histories, and behavioral ecology. The Evolution of Primate Societies 2012, 113-142. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. J. Mitani, J. Call, P.M. Kappeler, R.A. Palombit, J.B. Silk (Eds.).
    • (2012) The Evolution of Primate Societies , pp. 113-142
    • Watts, D.P.1
  • 105
    • 0033750034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infanticide and cannibalism by male chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda
    • Watts D.P., Mitani J.C. Infanticide and cannibalism by male chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. Primates 2000, 41:357-365.
    • (2000) Primates , vol.41 , pp. 357-365
    • Watts, D.P.1    Mitani, J.C.2
  • 106
    • 0036801647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New cases of inter-community infanticide by male chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda
    • Watts D.P., Mitani J.C., Sherrow H.M. New cases of inter-community infanticide by male chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. Primates 2002, 43:263-270.
    • (2002) Primates , vol.43 , pp. 263-270
    • Watts, D.P.1    Mitani, J.C.2    Sherrow, H.M.3
  • 107
    • 84996120367 scopus 로고
    • Pygmy chimpanzee social organization: variation with party size and between study sites
    • White F.J. Pygmy chimpanzee social organization: variation with party size and between study sites. American Journal of Primatology 1992, 26:203-214.
    • (1992) American Journal of Primatology , vol.26 , pp. 203-214
    • White, F.J.1
  • 108
    • 0002222391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative socio-ecology of Pan paniscus
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, W.C. McGrew, L.F. Marchant, T. Nishida (Eds.)
    • White F.J. Comparative socio-ecology of Pan paniscus. Great Ape Societies 1996, 29-41. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. W.C. McGrew, L.F. Marchant, T. Nishida (Eds.).
    • (1996) Great Ape Societies , pp. 29-41
    • White, F.J.1
  • 109
    • 0031128704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysing animal social structure
    • Whitehead H.A.L. Analysing animal social structure. Animal Behaviour 1997, 53:1053-1067.
    • (1997) Animal Behaviour , vol.53 , pp. 1053-1067
    • Whitehead, H.A.L.1
  • 111
    • 77956742198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Techniques for analyzing vertebrate social structure using identified individuals: review and recommendations
    • Whitehead H., Dufault S. Techniques for analyzing vertebrate social structure using identified individuals: review and recommendations. Advances in the Study of Behavior 1999, 28:33-74.
    • (1999) Advances in the Study of Behavior , vol.28 , pp. 33-74
    • Whitehead, H.1    Dufault, S.2
  • 112
    • 0001314096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sperm whale: social females and roving males
    • University of Chicago Press, Chicago, J. Mann, R.C. Conner, P.L. Tyack, H. Whitehead (Eds.)
    • Whitehead H., Weilgart L. The sperm whale: social females and roving males. Cetacean Societies: Field Studies of Dolphins and Whales 2000, 154-172. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. J. Mann, R.C. Conner, P.L. Tyack, H. Whitehead (Eds.).
    • (2000) Cetacean Societies: Field Studies of Dolphins and Whales , pp. 154-172
    • Whitehead, H.1    Weilgart, L.2
  • 113
  • 114
    • 2442500974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Costs and benefits of grouping for female chimpanzees at Gombe
    • Cambridge University Press, UK, Cambridge, C. Boesch, G. Hohmann, L.F. Marchant (Eds.)
    • Williams J.M., Hsien-Yang L., Pusey A.E. Costs and benefits of grouping for female chimpanzees at Gombe. Behavioural Diversity in Chimpanzees and Bonobos 2002, 192-204. Cambridge University Press, UK, Cambridge. C. Boesch, G. Hohmann, L.F. Marchant (Eds.).
    • (2002) Behavioural Diversity in Chimpanzees and Bonobos , pp. 192-204
    • Williams, J.M.1    Hsien-Yang, L.2    Pusey, A.E.3
  • 115
    • 0036060229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female competition and male territorial behaviour influence female chimpanzees' ranging patterns
    • Williams J.M., Pusey A.E., Carlis J.V., Farm B.P., Goodall J. Female competition and male territorial behaviour influence female chimpanzees' ranging patterns. Animal Behaviour 2002, 63:347-360.
    • (2002) Animal Behaviour , vol.63 , pp. 347-360
    • Williams, J.M.1    Pusey, A.E.2    Carlis, J.V.3    Farm, B.P.4    Goodall, J.5
  • 116
    • 0043201358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food competition and linear dominance hierarchy among female chimpanzees of the Taï National Park
    • Wittig R.M., Boesch C. Food competition and linear dominance hierarchy among female chimpanzees of the Taï National Park. International Journal of Primatology 2003, 24:847-867.
    • (2003) International Journal of Primatology , vol.24 , pp. 847-867
    • Wittig, R.M.1    Boesch, C.2
  • 118
    • 34248683913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond habitat requirements: individual fine-scale site fidelity in a colony of the Galapagos sea lion (Zalophus wollebaeki) creates conditions for social structuring
    • Wolf J.B.W., Trillmich F. Beyond habitat requirements: individual fine-scale site fidelity in a colony of the Galapagos sea lion (Zalophus wollebaeki) creates conditions for social structuring. Oecologia 2007, 152:553-567.
    • (2007) Oecologia , vol.152 , pp. 553-567
    • Wolf, J.B.W.1    Trillmich, F.2
  • 119
    • 35248892636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social structure in a colonial mammal: unravelling hidden structural layers and their foundations by network analysis
    • Wolf J.B., Mawdsley D., Trillmich F., James R. Social structure in a colonial mammal: unravelling hidden structural layers and their foundations by network analysis. Animal Behaviour 2007, 74:1293-1302.
    • (2007) Animal Behaviour , vol.74 , pp. 1293-1302
    • Wolf, J.B.1    Mawdsley, D.2    Trillmich, F.3    James, R.4
  • 120
    • 0003104767 scopus 로고
    • Feeding behaviour of chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania
    • Academic Press, London, T.H. Clutton-Brock (Ed.)
    • Wrangham R.W. Feeding behaviour of chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Primate Ecology 1977, 503-538. Academic Press, London. T.H. Clutton-Brock (Ed.).
    • (1977) Primate Ecology , pp. 503-538
    • Wrangham, R.W.1
  • 121
    • 0002815340 scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in chimpanzee dispersion
    • Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park, California, D.A. Hamburg, E.R. McCown (Eds.)
    • Wrangham R.W. Sex differences in chimpanzee dispersion. The Great Apes 1979, 480-489. Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park, California. D.A. Hamburg, E.R. McCown (Eds.).
    • (1979) The Great Apes , pp. 480-489
    • Wrangham, R.W.1
  • 122
    • 0042967287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cost of sexual attraction: is there a trade-off in female Pan between sex appeal and received coercion
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, C. Boesch, G. Hohmann, L.F. Marchant (Eds.)
    • Wrangham R.W. The cost of sexual attraction: is there a trade-off in female Pan between sex appeal and received coercion. Behavioural Diversity in Chimpanzees and Bonobos 2002, 204-215. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. C. Boesch, G. Hohmann, L.F. Marchant (Eds.).
    • (2002) Behavioural Diversity in Chimpanzees and Bonobos , pp. 204-215
    • Wrangham, R.W.1
  • 123
    • 0002044043 scopus 로고
    • Female social relationships and social organization of Kibale Forest chimpanzees
    • Tokyo University Press, Tokyo, T. Nishida, W.C. McGrew, P. Marler, M.H. Pickford, F.B.M. de Waal (Eds.)
    • Wrangham R.W., Clark A., Isabirye-Basuta G. Female social relationships and social organization of Kibale Forest chimpanzees. Topics in Primatology. Vol. 1. Human Origins 1992, 81-98. Tokyo University Press, Tokyo. T. Nishida, W.C. McGrew, P. Marler, M.H. Pickford, F.B.M. de Waal (Eds.).
    • (1992) Topics in Primatology. Vol. 1. Human Origins , pp. 81-98
    • Wrangham, R.W.1    Clark, A.2    Isabirye-Basuta, G.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.