Combination of citicoline and L-NAME restores neurological functions, reverts biochemical alterations and reduces neuronal damage in transient focal cerebral ischemic rats

Indian Journal of Science and Technology

Volumn 8, Issue 9, 2015, Pages 804-813

  Pramila, B ^a,b   Kalaivani, P ^a   Barathidasan, R ^a   Saravana Babu, C ^a  

^a SRI RAMACHANDRA UNIVERSITY   (India)

^b DR M G R EDUCATIONAL AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (India)

Author keywords

Cerebral ischemia; Citicoline; L NAME; Middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion; Transient focal cerebral ischemia

Indexed keywords

EID: 84929619125     PISSN: 09746846     EISSN: 09745645     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2015/v8i9/65704     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Hankey GJ, Warlow CP. Treatment and secondary prevention of stroke: evidence, costs, and effects on individuals and populations. Lancet. 1999; 354(9188): 1457-63.
2. Jian G, Chang C, Jian-Xin C, Li-Mei W, Geng-Liang Y, Fei-Peng D, Zhi-Ying H, De-Feng L, Ding-Rong Y, Hong-Jun Y, Shao-Jing L. Synergism and rules of the new combination drug Yiqijiedu Formulae (YQJD) on Ischemic Stroke based on Amino Acids (AAs) metabolism. Scientific Reports. 2014; 4:5149.
3. Kaste M. Thrombolysis in ischemic stroke-present and future: role of combined therapy. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2001; 11(Suppl 1):55-9.
4. Stefan Z, Thomas W, Nikolaus P, Hans-Jakob S, Robert SE. Neuroprotection in transient focal cerebral ischemia by combination drug therapy and mild hypothermia comparison with customary therapeutic regimen. Stroke. 2003; 34(6):1526-32.
5. Zimmermann GR, Joseph L, Keith CT. Multi-target therapeutics: when the whole is greater than the sum of the parts. Drug Discov Today. 2007; 12(1-2):34-42.
6. Strong K, Mathers C, Bonita R. Preventing stroke: saving lives around the world. Lancet Neurol. 2007; 6(2):182-7.
7. Lloyd JD, Adams R, Carnethon M, De Simone G, Ferguson TB, Flegal K, Ford E, Furie K, Go A, Greenlund K, Haase N, Hailpern S, Ho M, Howard V, Kissela B, Kittner S, Lackland D, Lisabeth L, Marelli A, McDermott M, Meigs J, Mozaffarian D, Nichol G, O'Donnell C, Roger V, Rosamond W, Sacco R, Sorlie P, Stafford R, Steinberger J, Thom T, Wasserthiel-Smoller S, Wong N, Wylie-Rosett J, Hong Y. Heart disease and stroke statistics-update. A report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation. 2009; 119:21-181.
8. Longa EZ, Weinstein PR, Cummins R. Reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion without craniectomy in rats. Stroke. 1989; 20(1):84-91.
9. Saravana Babu C, Ramanathan M. Pre-ischemic treatment with memantine reversed the neurochemical and behavioural parameters but not energy metabolites in middle cerebral artery occluded rats. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior. 2009; 92(3):424-32.
10. Bederson JB, Pitts LH, Tsuhi M, Nishimura MC, Davis RL, Bartkowski H. Rat middle cerebral artery occlusion: Evaluation of the model and development of a neurologic examination. Stroke. 1986; 17(3):472-6.
11. Babu CS, Sunil AG, Vasanthi HR, Ramanathan M, Muthusamy VS. Development and validation of an HPTLC method for simultaneous estimation of excitatory neurotransmitters in rat brain. J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol. 2007; 30(19):2891-902.
12. Green LC, Wagner DA, Glogowski J, Skipper PL, Wishnok JS, Tannenbaum SR. Analysis of nitrate, and [15N] nitrite in biological fluids. Anal Biochem. 1982; 126(1):131-8.
13. Sovoboda P, Mossinger B. Catecholamines and brain microsomal Na+K+ATPase protection against lipoperoxidative damage. Biochem Pharmacol. 1981; 30(5):427-32.
14. Lee CH, Hwang DS, Kim HG, Oh H, Park H, Cho JH, Lee JM, Jang JB, Lee KS, Oh MS. Protective effect of Cyperi rhizoma against 6-hydroxydopamineinduced neuronal damage. J Med Food. 2010; 13(3):564-71.
15. Ahmet M, Mustafa O, Recep S. The protective effects of propofol and citicoline combination in experimental head injury in rats. Turkish Neurosurgery. 2010; 20(1):57-62.
16. Alvarez-Sabin J, Gustavo Roman C. The role of citicoline in neuroprotection and neurorepair in ischemic stroke. Brain Sci. 2013; 3(3):1395-414.
17. Awooda HA, Lutfi MF, Sharara GM, Saeed AM. Role of N-Nitro-L-Arginine-Methylester as anti-oxidant in transient cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in rats. Experimental and Translational Stroke Medicine. 2013; 5(1):1-5.
18. Mishima K, Pu F, Kaneko T, Egashira N, Iwasaki K, Fujiwara M. Post-ischemic administration but not pre-ischemic administration of NG-nitro-L-arginine prevents spatial memory impairments and apoptosis by an inhibition of a delayed increase in NOx-in the hippocampus following repeated cerebral ischemia. Neuropharmacology. 2003; 44(4):533-40.
19. Nicole AT, Michael AM and Nikolaus P. Nitric oxide: Considerations for the treatment of ischemic stroke. J Cerebr Blood Flow Metabol. 2012; 32(7):1332-46.
20. Han HB, Xia Z, Chen H, Hou C, Li W. Simple diffusion delivery via brain interstitial route for the treatment of cerebral ischemia. Sci China Life Sci. 2011; 54(3):235-9.
21. Adibhatla RM, Hatcher JF, Dempsey RJ. Citicoline: neuroprotective mechanisms in cerebral ischemia. J Neurochem. 2002; 80(1):12-23.
22. Chen XM, Chen HS, Xu MJ, Shen JG. Targeting reactive nitrogen species: a promising therapeutic strategy for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2013; 34(1):67-77.
23. Mohammad MT, Shid Moosavieyed SM, Dehghani GA. Contribution of Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) activity in blood-brain barrier disruption and edema after acute ischemia/reperfusion in aortic coarctation-induced hypertensive rats. Iran Biomed J. 2011; 15(1-2):22-30.
24. Hurtado O, Pradillo JM, Fernandez LD, Morales JR, Sobrino T, Castillo J, Alborch E, Moro MA, Lizasoain I. Delayed post-ischemic administration of CDP-choline increases EAAT2 association to lipid rafts and affords neuroprotection in experimental stroke. Neurobiol Dis. 2008; 29(1):123-31.
25. Stoll G, Jander S, Schroeter M. Cytokines in CNS disorders: neurotoxicity versus neuroprotection. Journal of Neural Transmission Supplement. 2000; 59:81-9.
26. Secades JJ, Lorenzo JL. Citicoline: pharmacological and clinical review, 2006 update. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2006; 28(Suppl B):1-56.
27. Olivia H, Ignacio L, Maria AM. Neuroprotection and recovery-recent data at the bench on citicoline. Stroke. 2011; 42(Suppl 1):33-5.
28. Brown GC, Neher JJ. Inflammatory neurodegeneration and mechanisms of microglial killing of neurons. Mol Neurobiol. 2010; 41:242-7.
29. Jones AM, Wilkereson DP, Campbell IT. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition with L-NAME reduces maximal oxygen uptake but not gas exchange threshold during incremental cycle exercise in man. J Physiol. 2004; 560(1):329-38.
30. Saver JL. Citicoline: update on a promising and widely available agent for neuroprotection and neurorepair. Rev Neurol Dis. 2008; 5(4):167-77.
31. Zhou M, Wang CM, Yang WL, Wang P. Microglial CD14 activated by iNOS contributes to Neuroinflammation in Cerebral ischemia. Brain Res. 2013; 19:105-14.
32. Kamii H, Mikawa S, Murkami K, Kinouchi H, Yoshimoto R, Reola L, Carlson E, Epstein CJ, Chan PH. Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on brain infarction in SOD-1-transgenic mice following transient focal cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1996; 16(6):1153-7.