메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 2, 2015, Pages

A group a Streptococcus ADP-ribosyltransferase toxin stimulates a protective interleukin 1β-dependent macrophage immune response

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

APOPTOSIS INDUCING FACTOR; BACTERIAL TOXIN; CRYOPYRIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA CONVERTING ENZYME; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE; PSEUDOMONAS EXOTOXIN A; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 84929497784     PISSN: 21612129     EISSN: 21507511     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00133-15     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (40)

References (48)
  • 1
    • 27144468026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases
    • Carapetis JR, Steer AC, Mulholland EK, Weber M. 2005. The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases. Lancet Infect Dis 5:685-694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70267-X.
    • (2005) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.5 , pp. 685-694
    • Carapetis, J.R.1    Steer, A.C.2    Mulholland, E.K.3    Weber, M.4
  • 2
    • 54249155508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rise and persistence of global M1T1 clone of Streptococcus pyogenes
    • Aziz RK, Kotb M. 2008. Rise and persistence of global M1T1 clone of Streptococcus pyogenes. Emerg Infect Dis 14:1511-1517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1410.071660.
    • (2008) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.14 , pp. 1511-1517
    • Aziz, R.K.1    Kotb, M.2
  • 3
    • 33645776051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide analysis of group A streptococci reveals a mutation that modulates global phenotype and disease specificity
    • Sumby P, Whitney AR, Graviss EA, DeLeo FR, Musser JM. 2006. Genome-wide analysis of group A streptococci reveals a mutation that modulates global phenotype and disease specificity. PLoS Pathog 2:e5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.0020005.
    • (2006) Plos Pathog , vol.2
    • Sumby, P.1    Whitney, A.R.2    Graviss, E.A.3    Deleo, F.R.4    Musser, J.M.5
  • 4
    • 80053030520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular insight into invasive group A streptococcal disease
    • Cole JN, Barnett TC, Nizet V, Walker MJ. 2011. Molecular insight into invasive group A streptococcal disease. Nat Rev Microbiol 9:724-736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2648.
    • (2011) Nat Rev Microbiol , vol.9 , pp. 724-736
    • Cole, J.N.1    Barnett, T.C.2    Nizet, V.3    Walker, M.J.4
  • 6
    • 79952159557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M protein and hyaluronic acid capsule are essential for in vivo selection of covRS mutations characteristic of invasive serotype M1T1 group A streptococcus
    • Cole JN, Pence MA, von Kockritz-Blickwede M, Hollands A, Gallo RL, Walker MJ, Nizet V. 2010. M protein and hyaluronic acid capsule are essential for in vivo selection of covRS mutations characteristic of invasive serotype M1T1 group A streptococcus. mBio 1:e00191-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00191-10.
    • (2010) Mbio , vol.1
    • Cole, J.N.1    Pence, M.A.2    Von Kockritz-Blickwede, M.3    Hollands, A.4    Gallo, R.L.5    Walker, M.J.6    Nizet, V.7
  • 8
    • 4744346611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of SpyA, a novel ADPribosyltransferase of Streptococcus pyogenes
    • Coye LH, Collins CM. 2004. Identification of SpyA, a novel ADPribosyltransferase of Streptococcus pyogenes. Mol Microbiol 54:89-98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04262.x.
    • (2004) Mol Microbiol , vol.54 , pp. 89-98
    • Coye, L.H.1    Collins, C.M.2
  • 9
    • 84857356903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SpyA is a membrane-bound ADP-ribosyltransferase of Streptococcus pyogenes which modifies a streptococcal peptide, SpyB
    • Korotkova N, Hoff JS, Becker DM, Quinn JK, Icenogle LM, Moseley SL. 2012. SpyA is a membrane-bound ADP-ribosyltransferase of Streptococcus pyogenes which modifies a streptococcal peptide, SpyB. Mol Microbiol 83:936-952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.07979.x.
    • (2012) Mol Microbiol , vol.83 , pp. 936-952
    • Korotkova, N.1    Hoff, J.S.2    Becker, D.M.3    Quinn, J.K.4    Icenogle, L.M.5    Moseley, S.L.6
  • 10
    • 79959412072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SpyA, a C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase, contributes to virulence in a mouse subcutaneous model of Streptococcus pyogenes infection
    • Hoff JS, DeWald M, Moseley SL, Collins CM, Voyich JM. 2011. SpyA, a C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase, contributes to virulence in a mouse subcutaneous model of Streptococcus pyogenes infection. Infect Immun 79: 2404-2411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01191-10.
    • (2011) Infect Immun , vol.79 , pp. 2404-2411
    • Hoff, J.S.1    Dewald, M.2    Moseley, S.L.3    Collins, C.M.4    Voyich, J.M.5
  • 11
    • 53849133471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms of the cytotoxicity of ADP-ribosylating toxins
    • Deng Q, Barbieri JT. 2008. Molecular mechanisms of the cytotoxicity of ADP-ribosylating toxins. Annu Rev Microbiol 62:271-288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.62.081307.162848.
    • (2008) Annu Rev Microbiol , vol.62 , pp. 271-288
    • Deng, Q.1    Barbieri, J.T.2
  • 12
    • 84862303967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and biological characterization of streptococcal SpyA-mediated ADP-ribosylation of intermediate filament protein vimentin
    • Icenogle LM, Hengel SM, Coye LH, Streifel A, Collins CM, Goodlett DR, Moseley SL. 2012. Molecular and biological characterization of streptococcal SpyA-mediated ADP-ribosylation of intermediate filament protein vimentin. J Biol Chem 287:21481-21491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112.370791.
    • (2012) J Biol Chem , vol.287 , pp. 21481-21491
    • Icenogle, L.M.1    Hengel, S.M.2    Coye, L.H.3    Streifel, A.4    Collins, C.M.5    Goodlett, D.R.6    Moseley, S.L.7
  • 13
    • 84858677223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensing and reacting to microbes through the inflammasomes
    • Franchi L, Muñoz-Planillo R, Núñez G. 2012. Sensing and reacting to microbes through the inflammasomes. Nat Immunol 13:325-332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ni.2231.
    • (2012) Nat Immunol , vol.13 , pp. 325-332
    • Franchi, L.1    Muñoz-Planillo, R.2    Núñez, G.3
  • 14
    • 84890870050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of cytosolic bacteria by inflammatory caspases
    • Hagar JA, Miao EA. 2014. Detection of cytosolic bacteria by inflammatory caspases. Curr Opin Microbiol 17:61-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2013.11.008.
    • (2014) Curr Opin Microbiol , vol.17 , pp. 61-66
    • Hagar, J.A.1    Miao, E.A.2
  • 16
    • 58449083290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyroptosis: Host cell death and inflammation
    • Bergsbaken T, Fink SL, Cookson BT. 2009. Pyroptosis: host cell death and inflammation. Nat Rev Microbiol 7:99-109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2070.
    • (2009) Nat Rev Microbiol , vol.7 , pp. 99-109
    • Bergsbaken, T.1    Fink, S.L.2    Cookson, B.T.3
  • 17
    • 84875269586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policing the cytosol— bacterial-sensing inflammasome receptors and pathways
    • Ng TM, Kortmann J, Monack DM. 2013. Policing the cytosol— bacterial-sensing inflammasome receptors and pathways. Curr Opin Immunol 25:34-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2012.11.009.
    • (2013) Curr Opin Immunol , vol.25 , pp. 34-39
    • Ng, T.M.1    Kortmann, J.2    Monack, D.M.3
  • 18
    • 84875992537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-1beta promotes antimicrobial immunity in macrophages by regulating TNFR signaling and caspase-3 activation
    • Jayaraman P, Sada-Ovalle I, Nishimura T, Anderson AC, Kuchroo VK, Remold HG, Behar SM. 2013. IL-1beta promotes antimicrobial immunity in macrophages by regulating TNFR signaling and caspase-3 activation. J Immunol 190:4196-4204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1202688.
    • (2013) J Immunol , vol.190 , pp. 4196-4204
    • Jayaraman, P.1    Sada-Ovalle, I.2    Nishimura, T.3    Erson, A.C.4    Kuchroo, V.K.5    Remold, H.G.6    Behar, S.M.7
  • 20
    • 0029979369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biologic basis for interleukin-1 in disease
    • Dinarello CA. 1996. Biologic basis for interleukin-1 in disease. Blood 87:2095-2147.
    • (1996) Blood , vol.87 , pp. 2095-2147
    • Dinarello, C.A.1
  • 21
    • 33845497181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory caspases and inflammasomes: Master switches of inflammation
    • Martinon F, Tschopp J. 2007. Inflammatory caspases and inflammasomes: master switches of inflammation. Cell Death Differ 14: 10-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.cdd.4402038.
    • (2007) Cell Death Differ , vol.14 , pp. 10-22
    • Martinon, F.1    Tschopp, J.2
  • 22
    • 34848884287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the inflammasome upon Francisella tularensis infection: Interplay of innate immune pathways and virulence factors
    • Henry T, Monack DM. 2007. Activation of the inflammasome upon Francisella tularensis infection: interplay of innate immune pathways and virulence factors. Cell Microbiol 9:2543-2551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.01022.x.
    • (2007) Cell Microbiol , vol.9 , pp. 2543-2551
    • Henry, T.1    Monack, D.M.2
  • 23
    • 33645791082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flagellindeficient Legionella mutants evade caspase-1- and Naip5-mediated macrophage immunity
    • Ren T, Zamboni DS, Roy CR, Dietrich WF, Vance RE. 2006. Flagellindeficient Legionella mutants evade caspase-1- and Naip5-mediated macrophage immunity. PLoS Pathog 2:e18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.0020018.
    • (2006) Plos Pathog , vol.2
    • Ren, T.1    Zamboni, D.S.2    Roy, C.R.3    Dietrich, W.F.4    Vance, R.E.5
  • 24
    • 77749270973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome by Streptococcus pyogenes requires streptolysin O and NF-kappa B activation but proceeds independently of TLR signaling and P2X7 receptor
    • Harder J, Franchi L, Muñoz-Planillo R, Park JH, Reimer T, Núñez G. 2009. Activation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome by Streptococcus pyogenes requires streptolysin O and NF-kappa B activation but proceeds independently of TLR signaling and P2X7 receptor. J Immunol 183:5823-5829. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0900444.
    • (2009) J Immunol , vol.183 , pp. 5823-5829
    • Harder, J.1    Franchi, L.2    Muñoz-Planillo, R.3    Park, J.H.4    Reimer, T.5    Núñez, G.6
  • 25
    • 0033791996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inverse relation between disease severity and expression of the streptococcal cysteine protease, SpeB, among clonal M1T1 isolates recovered from invasive group A streptococcal infection cases
    • Kansal RG, McGeer A, Low DE, Norrby-Teglund A, Kotb M. 2000. Inverse relation between disease severity and expression of the streptococcal cysteine protease, SpeB, among clonal M1T1 isolates recovered from invasive group A streptococcal infection cases. Infect Immun 68: 6362-6369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.68.11.6362-6369.2000.
    • (2000) Infect Immun , vol.68 , pp. 6362-6369
    • Kansal, R.G.1    McGeer, A.2    Low, D.E.3    Norrby-Teglund, A.4    Kotb, M.5
  • 26
    • 84881542521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammasomemediated pyroptotic and apoptotic cell death, and defense against infection
    • Aachoui Y, Sagulenko V, Miao EA, Stacey KJ. 2013. Inflammasomemediated pyroptotic and apoptotic cell death, and defense against infection. Curr Opin Microbiol 16:319-326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2013.04.004.
    • (2013) Curr Opin Microbiol , vol.16 , pp. 319-326
    • Aachoui, Y.1    Sagulenko, V.2    Miao, E.A.3    Stacey, K.J.4
  • 27
    • 84860354862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • YopJ-induced caspase-1 activation in Yersinia-infected macrophages: Independent of apoptosis, linked to necrosis, dispensable for innate host defense
    • Zheng Y, Lilo S, Mena P, Bliska JB. 2012. YopJ-induced caspase-1 activation in Yersinia-infected macrophages: independent of apoptosis, linked to necrosis, dispensable for innate host defense. PLoS One 7:e36019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036019.
    • (2012) Plos One , vol.7
    • Zheng, Y.1    Lilo, S.2    Mena, P.3    Bliska, J.B.4
  • 28
    • 84867802417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, anakinra, in the treatment of cutaneous diseases
    • Pazyar N, Feily A, Yaghoobi R. 2012. An overview of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, anakinra, in the treatment of cutaneous diseases. Curr Clin Pharmacol 7:271-275. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157488412803305821.
    • (2012) Curr Clin Pharmacol , vol.7 , pp. 271-275
    • Pazyar, N.1    Feily, A.2    Yaghoobi, R.3
  • 29
    • 0017362294 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of action of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A: Adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation of mammalian elongation factor 2 in vitro and in vivo
    • Iglewski BH, Liu PV, Kabat D. 1977. Mechanism of action of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A: adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation of mammalian elongation factor 2 in vitro and in vivo. Infect Immun 15:138-144.
    • (1977) Infect Immun , vol.15 , pp. 138-144
    • Iglewski, B.H.1    Liu, P.V.2    Kabat, D.3
  • 30
    • 4344625010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A induces human mast cell apoptosis by a caspase-8 and -3-dependent mechanism
    • Jenkins CE, Swiatoniowski A, Issekutz AC, Lin TJ. 2004. Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A induces human mast cell apoptosis by a caspase-8 and -3-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem 279:37201-37207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M405594200.
    • (2004) J Biol Chem , vol.279 , pp. 37201-37207
    • Jenkins, C.E.1    Swiatoniowski, A.2    Issekutz, A.C.3    Lin, T.J.4
  • 31
    • 1342345851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NK cells, but not NKT cells, are involved in Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A-induced hepatotoxicity in mice
    • Mühlen KA, Schümann J, Wittke F, Stenger S, Van Rooijen N, Van Kaer L, Tiegs G. 2004. NK cells, but not NKT cells, are involved in Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. J Immunol 172:3034-3041. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.172.5.3034.
    • (2004) J Immunol , vol.172 , pp. 3034-3041
    • Mühlen, K.A.1    Schümann, J.2    Wittke, F.3    Stenger, S.4    Van Rooijen, N.5    Van Kaer, L.6    Tiegs, G.7
  • 33
    • 0242662781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alveolar macrophage apoptosis contributes to pneumococcal clearance in a resolving model of pulmonary infection
    • Dockrell DH, Marriott HM, Prince LR, Ridger VC, Ince PG, Hellewell PG, Whyte MK. 2003. Alveolar macrophage apoptosis contributes to pneumococcal clearance in a resolving model of pulmonary infection. J Immunol 171:5380-5388. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.171.10.5380.
    • (2003) J Immunol , vol.171 , pp. 5380-5388
    • Dockrell, D.H.1    Marriott, H.M.2    Prince, L.R.3    Ridger, V.C.4    Ince, P.G.5    Hellewell, P.G.6    Whyte, M.K.7
  • 34
    • 0242333165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated human macrophage apoptosis after bacterial internalization via complement and Fcgamma receptors correlates with intracellular bacterial load
    • Ali F, Lee ME, Iannelli F, Pozzi G, Mitchell TJ, Read RC, Dockrell DH. 2003. Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated human macrophage apoptosis after bacterial internalization via complement and Fcgamma receptors correlates with intracellular bacterial load. J Infect Dis 188:1119-1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/378675.
    • (2003) J Infect Dis , vol.188 , pp. 1119-1131
    • Ali, F.1    Lee, M.E.2    Iannelli, F.3    Pozzi, G.4    Mitchell, T.J.5    Read, R.C.6    Dockrell, D.H.7
  • 38
    • 69149087051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NOD2 contributes to cutaneous defense against Staphylococcus aureus through alpha-toxin-dependent innate immune activation
    • Hruz P, Zinkernagel AS, Jenikova G, Botwin GJ, Hugot JP, Karin M, Nizet V, Eckmann L. 2009. NOD2 contributes to cutaneous defense against Staphylococcus aureus through alpha-toxin-dependent innate immune activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:12873-12878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0904958106.
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.106 , pp. 12873-12878
    • Hruz, P.1    Zinkernagel, A.S.2    Jenikova, G.3    Botwin, G.J.4    Hugot, J.P.5    Karin, M.6    Nizet, V.7    Eckmann, L.8
  • 39
    • 79960450059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anthrax toxin induces macrophage death by p38 MAPK inhibition but leads to inflammasome activation via ATP leakage
    • Ali SR, Timmer AM, Bilgrami S, Park EJ, Eckmann L, Nizet V, Karin M. 2011. Anthrax toxin induces macrophage death by p38 MAPK inhibition but leads to inflammasome activation via ATP leakage. Immunity 35: 34-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2011.04.015.
    • (2011) Immunity , vol.35 , pp. 34-44
    • Ali, S.R.1    Timmer, A.M.2    Bilgrami, S.3    Park, E.J.4    Eckmann, L.5    Nizet, V.6    Karin, M.7
  • 40
    • 84863289353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leukocyte inflammatory responses provoked by pneumococcal sialidase
    • Chang YC, Uchiyama S, Varki A, Nizet V. 2012. Leukocyte inflammatory responses provoked by pneumococcal sialidase. mBio 3:e00220-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00220-11.
    • (2012) Mbio , vol.3
    • Chang, Y.C.1    Uchiyama, S.2    Varki, A.3    Nizet, V.4
  • 41
    • 77953715511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic switch to hypervirulence reduces colonization phenotypes of the globally disseminated group A streptococcus M1T1 clone
    • Hollands A, Pence MA, Timmer AM, Osvath SR, Turnbull L, Whitchurch CB, Walker MJ, Nizet V. 2010. Genetic switch to hypervirulence reduces colonization phenotypes of the globally disseminated group A streptococcus M1T1 clone. J Infect Dis 202:11-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/653124.
    • (2010) J Infect Dis , vol.202 , pp. 11-19
    • Hollands, A.1    Pence, M.A.2    Timmer, A.M.3    Osvath, S.R.4    Turnbull, L.5    Whitchurch, C.B.6    Walker, M.J.7    Nizet, V.8
  • 42
    • 0347595329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive M1T1 group A streptococcus undergoes a phase-shift in vivo to prevent proteolytic degradation of multiple virulence factors by SpeB
    • Aziz RK, Pabst MJ, Jeng A, Kansal R, Low DE, Nizet V, Kotb M. 2004. Invasive M1T1 group A streptococcus undergoes a phase-shift in vivo to prevent proteolytic degradation of multiple virulence factors by SpeB. Mol Microbiol 51:123-134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03797.x.
    • (2004) Mol Microbiol , vol.51 , pp. 123-134
    • Aziz, R.K.1    Pabst, M.J.2    Jeng, A.3    Kansal, R.4    Low, D.E.5    Nizet, V.6    Kotb, M.7
  • 43
    • 33845499019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation of the maturase lipoprotein attenuates the virulence of Streptococcus equi to a greater extent than does loss of general lipoprotein lipidation
    • Hamilton A, Robinson C, Sutcliffe IC, Slater J, Maskell DJ, Davis- Poynter N, Smith K, Waller A, Harrington DJ. 2006. Mutation of the maturase lipoprotein attenuates the virulence of Streptococcus equi to a greater extent than does loss of general lipoprotein lipidation. Infect Immun 74:6907-6919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01116-06.
    • (2006) Infect Immun , vol.74 , pp. 6907-6919
    • Hamilton, A.1    Robinson, C.2    Sutcliffe, I.C.3    Slater, J.4    Maskell, D.J.5    Davis-Poynter, N.6    Smith, K.7    Waller, A.8    Harrington, D.J.9
  • 44
    • 0025651169 scopus 로고
    • High-frequency transformation of Staphylococcus aureus by electroporation
    • Kraemer GR, Iandolo JJ. 1990. High-frequency transformation of Staphylococcus aureus by electroporation. Curr Microbiol 21:373-376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02199440.
    • (1990) Curr Microbiol , vol.21 , pp. 373-376
    • Kraemer, G.R.1    Iandolo, J.J.2
  • 45
    • 84866776450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Escherichia coli adherence factor plasmid of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli causes a global decrease in ubiquitylated host cell proteins by decreasing ubiquitin E1 enzyme expression through host aspartyl proteases
    • Lin AE, Guttman JA. 2012. The Escherichia coli adherence factor plasmid of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli causes a global decrease in ubiquitylated host cell proteins by decreasing ubiquitin E1 enzyme expression through host aspartyl proteases. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 44:2223-2232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2012.09.005.
    • (2012) Int J Biochem Cell Biol , vol.44 , pp. 2223-2232
    • Lin, A.E.1    Guttman, J.A.2
  • 46
    • 17344392308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR
    • Pfaffl MW. 2001. A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR. Nucleic Acids Res 29:e45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/29.9.e45.
    • (2001) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.29
    • Pfaffl, M.W.1
  • 47
    • 84892633188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human milk oligosaccharides protect bladder epithelial cells against uropathogenic Escherichia coli invasion and cytotoxicity
    • Lin AE, Autran CA, Lin AE, Autran CA, Espanola SD, Bode L, Nizet V. 2013. Human milk oligosaccharides protect bladder epithelial cells against uropathogenic Escherichia coli invasion and cytotoxicity. J Infect Dis 209: 389-398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jit464.
    • (2013) J Infect Dis , vol.209 , pp. 389-398
    • Lin, A.E.1    Autran, C.A.2    Lin, A.E.3    Autran, C.A.4    Espanola, S.D.5    Bode, L.6    Nizet, V.7


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.