Population-wide malaria testing and treatment with rapid diagnostic tests and artemether-lumefantrine in Southern Zambia: A community Randomized Step-Wedge Control Trial Design

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Volumn 92, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 913-921

  Larsen, David A ^b   Bennett, Adam ^c   Silumbe, Kafula ^d   Hamainza, Busiku ^e   Yukich, Joshua O ^a   Keating, Joseph ^a   Littrell, Megan ^d   Miller, John M ^d   Steketee, Richard W ^d   Eisele, Thomas P ^a  

^a TULANE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d PATH   (United States)

^e MINISTRY OF HEALTH   (Zambia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTEMETHER PLUS BENFLUMETOL; ANTIMALARIAL AGENT; ARTEMISININ DERIVATIVE; DRUG COMBINATION; ETHANOLAMINE DERIVATIVE; FLUORENE DERIVATIVE;

ARTICLE; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HEALTH CARE FACILITY; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFANT; INTENTION TO TREAT ANALYSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALARIA; MALE; OUTPATIENT; PLASMODIUM; PREVALENCE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; ZAMBIA; DEMOGRAPHY; DRUG COMBINATION; GEOGRAPHY; MASS SCREENING; PRESCHOOL CHILD; TRANSMISSION;

ANTIMALARIALS; ARTEMISININS; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DIAGNOSTIC TESTS, ROUTINE; DRUG COMBINATIONS; ETHANOLAMINES; FEMALE; FLUORENES; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; GEOGRAPHY; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INFANT; MALARIA; MALE; MASS SCREENING; PREVALENCE; RESIDENCE CHARACTERISTICS; ZAMBIA;

EID: 84929119653     PISSN: 00029637     EISSN: 14761645     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0347     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Nájera JA, 2001. Malaria control: achievements, problems and strategies. Parassitologia 43: 1-89.
2. Macauley C, 2005. Aggressive active case detection: a malaria control strategy based on the Brazilian model. Soc Sci Med 60: 563-573.
3. Ogutu B, Tiono A, Makanga M, Premji Z, Gbadoe A, Ubben D, Marrast A, Gaye O, 2010. Treatment of asymptomatic carriers with artemether-lumefantrine: an opportunity to reduce the burden of malaria? Malar J 9: 30.
4. Drakeley C, Sutherland C, Bousema JT, Sauerwein RW, Targett GAT, 2006. The epidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum game-tocytes: weapons of mass dispersion. Trends Parasitol 22: 424-430.
5. Smith DL, Dushoff J, Snow RW, Hay SI, 2005. The entomological inoculation rate and Plasmodium falciparum infection in African children. Nature 438: 492-495.
6. Sama W, Killeen G, Smith T, 2004. Estimating the duration of Plasmodium falciparum infection from trials of indoor residual spraying. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70: 625-634.
7. Abdel-Wahab A, Abdel-Muhsin A-MA, Ali E, Suleiman S, Ahmed S, Walliker D, Babiker HA, 2002. Dynamics of gametocytes among Plasmodium falciparum clones in natural infections in an area of highly seasonal transmission. J Infect Dis 185: 1838-1842.
8. Nassir E, Abdel-Muhsin A-MA, Suliaman S, Kenyon F, Kheir A, Geha H, Ferguson HM, Walliker D, Babiker HA, 2005. Impact of genetic complexity on longevity and gametocytogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum during the dry and transmission-free season of eastern Sudan. Int J Parasitol 35: 49-55.
9. Shekalaghe SA, Bousema JT, Kunei KK, Lushino P, Masokoto A, Wolters LR, Mwakalinga S, Mosha FW, Sauerwein RW, Drakeley CJ, 2007. Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriage is common in an area of low and seasonal transmission in Tanzania. Trop Med Int Health 12: 547-553.
10. Drakeley CJ, Akim NI, Sauerwein RW, Greenwood BM, Targett GA, 2000. Estimates of the infectious reservoir of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in The Gambia and in Tanzania. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94: 472-476.
11. Muirhead-Thomson RC, 1957. The malarial infectivity of an African village population to mosquitoes (Anopheles gambiae); a random xenodiagnostic survey. Am J Trop Med Hyg 6:971-979.
12. Moonen B, Cohen JM, Snow RW, Slutsker L, Drakeley C, Smith DL, Abeyasinghe RR, Rodriguez MH, Maharaj R, Tanner M, Targett G, 2010. Operational strategies to achieve and maintain malaria elimination. Lancet 376: 1592-1603.
13. Gouagna LC, Ferguson HM, Okech BA, Killeen GF, Kabiru EW, Beier JC, Githure JI, Yan G, 2004. Plasmodium falciparum malaria disease manifestations in humans and transmission to Anopheles gambiae: a field study in western Kenya. Parasitology 128: 235-243.
14. Schneider P, Bousema J, Gouagna L, Otieno S, van de Vegte-Bolmer M, Omar S, Sauerwein R, 2007. Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte densities frequently result in mosquito infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 470-474.
15. Coleman RE, Kumpitak C, Ponlawat A, Maneechai N, Phunkitchar V, Rachapaew N, Zollner G, Sattabongkot J, 2004. Infectivity of asymptomatic Plasmodium-infected human populations to Anopheles dirus mosquitoes in western Thailand. J Med Entomol 41: 201-208.
16. Ouedraogo A, Bousema T, Schneider P, de Vlas S, Ilboudo-Sanogo E, Cuzin-Ouattara N, Nebie I, Roeffen W, Verhave J, Luty A, Sauerwein R, 2009. Substantial contribution of submicroscopical Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriage to the infectious reservoir in an area of seasonal transmission. PLoS ONE 4: e8410.
17. Seidlein von L, Greenwood BM, 2003. Mass administrations of antimalarial drugs. Trends Parasitol 19: 452-460.
18. MalERA Consultative Group on Diagnosis and Diagnostics, 2011. A research agenda for malaria eradication: diagnoses and diagnostics. PLoS Med 8: e1000396.
19. Chotivanich K, Sattabongkot J, Udomsangpetch R, Looareesuwan S, Day NP, Coleman RE, White NJ, 2006. Transmission-blocking activities of quinine, primaquine, and artesunate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50: 1927-1930.
20. Bousema T, Okell L, Shekalaghe S, Griffin JT, Omar S, Sawa P, Sutherland C, Sauerwein R, Ghani AC, Drakeley C, 2010. Revisiting the circulation time of Plasmodium falciparum game-tocytes: molecular detection methods to estimate the duration of gametocyte carriage and the effect of gametocytocidal drugs. Malar J 9: 136.
21. Okell LC, Drakeley CJ, Ghani AC, Bousema T, Sutherland CJ, 2008. Reduction of transmission from malaria patients by artemisinin combination therapies: a pooled analysis of six randomized trials. Malar J 7: 125.
22. Gatton ML, Cheng Q, 2010. Interrupting malaria transmission: quantifying the impact of interventions in regions of low to moderate transmission. PLoS ONE 5: e15149.
23. Griffin JT, Hollingsworth TD, Okell LC, Churcher TS, White M, Hinsley W, Bousema T, Drakeley CJ, Ferguson NM, Basáñez M-G, Ghani AC, 2010. Reducing Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission in Africa: a model-based evaluation of intervention strategies. PLoS Med 7.
24. Okell LC, Griffin JT, Kleinschmidt I, Hollingsworth TD, Churcher TS, White MJ, Bousema T, Drakeley CJ, Ghani AC, 2011. The potential contribution of mass treatment to the control of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. PLoS ONE 6: e20179.
25. Kern SE, Tiono AB, Makanga M, Gbadoe A, Premji Z, Gaye O, Sagara I, Ubben D, Cousin M, Oladiran F, Sander O, Ogutu B, 2011. Community screening and treatment of asymptomatic carriers of Plasmodium falciparum with artemether-lumefantrine to reduce malaria disease burden: a modeling and simulation analysis. Malar J 10: 210.
26. Zambia Ministry of Health, National Malaria Control Centre, 2011. National Malaria Strategic Plan 2011-2015. Lusaka, Zambia: Ministry of Health.
27. Zambia Ministry of Health, 2006. Zambia National Malaria Indicator Survey. Lusaka, Zambia: Ministry of Health.
28. Zambia Ministry of Health, 2008. Zambia National Malaria Indicator Survey. Lusaka, Zambia: Ministry of Health.
29. Zambia Ministry of Health, 2010. Zambia National Malaria Indicator Survey. Lusaka, Zambia: Ministry of Health.
30. Kent RJ, Thuma PE, Mharakurwa S, Norris DE, 2007. Seasonality, blood feeding behavior, and transmission of Plasmodium falciparum by Anopheles arabiensis after an extended drought in southern Zambia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 267-274.
31. Mdege ND, Man M-S, Taylor Nee Brown CA, Torgerson DJ, 2011. Systematic review of stepped wedge cluster randomized trials shows that design is particularly used to evaluate interventions during routine implementation. J Clin Epidemiol 64: 935-948.
32. Hussey MA, Hughes JP, 2007. Design and analysis of stepped wedge cluster randomized trials. Contemp Clin Trials 28: 182-191.
33. Brown CA, Lilford RJ, 2006. The stepped wedge trial design: a systematic review. BMC Med Res Methodol 6: 54.
34. Roll Back Malaria Partnership and World Health Organization, 2013. Malaria Indicator Survey (MIS) Toolkit. Available at: http://www.rbm.who.int/toolbox/tool-MISToolkit.html. Accessed August 6, 2013.
35. Hay SI, Snow RW, Rogers DJ, 1998. From predicting mosquito habitat to malaria seasons using remotely sensed data: practice, problems and perspectives. Parasitol Today 14: 306-313.
36. Hijmans RJ, 2012. Introduction to the "raster" package (version 2.0-08).
37. Hijmans RJ, van Etten J, 2012. Raster: geographic analysis and modeling with raster data.
38. R Development Core Team, 2010. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Available at: http://wwwR-projectorg/. Accessed August 1, 2013.
39. Rutstein S, Johnson K. 2004. The DHS Wealth Index.
40. Angrist JD, Pischke J-S, 2008. Mostly Harmless Econometrics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
41. Tiono AB, Ouédraogo A, Ogutu B, Diarra A, Coulibaly S, Gansané A, Sirima SB, O'Neil G, Mukhopadhyay A, Hamed KA, 2013. Controlled, parallel, cluster-randomized trial of community-wide screening and treatment of asymptomatic carriers of Plasmodium falciparum in Burkina Faso. Malar J 12: 79.
42. Okell LC, Bousema T, Griffin JT, Ouedraogo AL, Ghani AC, Drakeley CJ, 2012. Factors determining the occurrence of submicroscopic malaria infections and their relevance for control. Nat Commun 3: 1237-1239.
43. Mouatcho JC, Goldring JPD, 2013. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests: challenges and prospects. J Med Microbiol 62: 1491-1505.
44. Ashley EA, Stepniewska K, Lindegardh N, McGready R, Annerberg A, Hutagalung R, Singtoroj T, Hla G, Brockman A, Proux S, Wilahphaingern J, Singhasivanon P, White NJ, Nosten F, 2007. Pharmacokinetic study of artemether-lumefantrine given once daily for the treatment of uncomplicated multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria. Trop Med Int Health 12: 201-208.
45. Sinclair D, Zani B, Donegan S, Olliaro P, Garner P, 2009. Artemisinin-based combination therapy for treating uncomplicated malaria. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD007483.
46. Adjalley SH, Johnston GL, Li T, Eastman RT, Ekland EH, Eappen AG, Richman A, Sim BK, Lee MC, Hoffman SL, 2011. Quantitative assessment of Plasmodium falciparum sexual development reveals potent transmission-blocking activity by methylene blue. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: e1214-e1223.
47. White NJ, Qiao LG, Qi G, Luzzatto L, 2012. Rationale for recommending a lower dose of primaquine as a Plasmodium falciparum gametocytocide in populations where G6PD deficiency is common. Malar J 11: 418.