메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 22, Issue 9, 2006, Pages 424-430

The epidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes: weapons of mass dispersion

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

8 AMINOQUINOLINE DERIVATIVE; ARTEMISININ; PYRIMETHAMINE; SULFADOXINE;

EID: 33746845316     PISSN: 14714922     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2006.07.001     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (159)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 27644581320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spreading the seeds of million-murdering death: metamorphoses of malaria in the mosquito
    • Baton L.A., and Ranford-Cartwright L.C. Spreading the seeds of million-murdering death: metamorphoses of malaria in the mosquito. Trends Parasitol. 21 (2005) 573-580
    • (2005) Trends Parasitol. , vol.21 , pp. 573-580
    • Baton, L.A.1    Ranford-Cartwright, L.C.2
  • 2
    • 0023225835 scopus 로고
    • Asymptomatic malaria infections-do they matter?
    • Greenwood B.M. Asymptomatic malaria infections-do they matter?. Parasitol. Today 3 (1987) 206-214
    • (1987) Parasitol. Today , vol.3 , pp. 206-214
    • Greenwood, B.M.1
  • 3
    • 20844437417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altitude-dependent and -independent variations in Plasmodium falciparum prevalence in Northeastern Tanzania
    • Drakeley C.J., et al. Altitude-dependent and -independent variations in Plasmodium falciparum prevalence in Northeastern Tanzania. J. Infect. Dis. 191 (2005) 1589-1598
    • (2005) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.191 , pp. 1589-1598
    • Drakeley, C.J.1
  • 4
    • 0442281073 scopus 로고
    • Community aspects of immunity to malaria
    • Macdonald G. Community aspects of immunity to malaria. Br. Med. Bull. 8 (1951) 33-36
    • (1951) Br. Med. Bull. , vol.8 , pp. 33-36
    • Macdonald, G.1
  • 6
    • 0007704818 scopus 로고
    • Gametoctaemia and Infectiousness in Falciparum malaria: Observations and Models
    • Nedelman J. Gametoctaemia and Infectiousness in Falciparum malaria: Observations and Models. Adv. Dis. Vector Res. 6 (1989) 59-89
    • (1989) Adv. Dis. Vector Res. , vol.6 , pp. 59-89
    • Nedelman, J.1
  • 7
    • 20444426859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical algorithms for malaria diagnosis lack utility among people of different age groups
    • Mwangi T.W., et al. Clinical algorithms for malaria diagnosis lack utility among people of different age groups. Trop. Med. Int. Health 10 (2005) 530-536
    • (2005) Trop. Med. Int. Health , vol.10 , pp. 530-536
    • Mwangi, T.W.1
  • 8
    • 0000210551 scopus 로고
    • Rural hyper-endemic malaria in Tanganyika territory
    • Wilson D. Rural hyper-endemic malaria in Tanganyika territory. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 29 (1936) 583-618
    • (1936) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.29 , pp. 583-618
    • Wilson, D.1
  • 9
    • 0033789077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of the infectious reservoir of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in The Gambia and in Tanzania
    • Drakeley C.J., et al. Estimates of the infectious reservoir of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in The Gambia and in Tanzania. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 94 (2000) 472-476
    • (2000) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.94 , pp. 472-476
    • Drakeley, C.J.1
  • 10
    • 0037097792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of gametocytes among Plasmodium falciparum clones in natural infections in an area of highly seasonal transmission
    • Abdel-Wahab A., et al. Dynamics of gametocytes among Plasmodium falciparum clones in natural infections in an area of highly seasonal transmission. J. Infect. Dis. 185 (2002) 1838-1842
    • (2002) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.185 , pp. 1838-1842
    • Abdel-Wahab, A.1
  • 11
    • 12244309126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mosquitoes and transmission of malaria parasites - not just vectors
    • Paul R.E., et al. Mosquitoes and transmission of malaria parasites - not just vectors. Malar. J. 3 (2004) 39
    • (2004) Malar. J. , vol.3 , pp. 39
    • Paul, R.E.1
  • 12
    • 2942655234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation in hyperparasitaemia and gametocyte carriage in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria on the Thai-Burmese border
    • Nacher M., et al. Seasonal variation in hyperparasitaemia and gametocyte carriage in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria on the Thai-Burmese border. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 98 (2004) 322-328
    • (2004) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.98 , pp. 322-328
    • Nacher, M.1
  • 13
    • 0035080136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parasitaemia and gametocytaemia after treatment with chloroquine, pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine, and pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine combined with artesunate in young Gambians with uncomplicated malaria
    • von Seidlein L., et al. Parasitaemia and gametocytaemia after treatment with chloroquine, pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine, and pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine combined with artesunate in young Gambians with uncomplicated malaria. Trop. Med. Int. Health 6 (2001) 92-98
    • (2001) Trop. Med. Int. Health , vol.6 , pp. 92-98
    • von Seidlein, L.1
  • 14
    • 25444469896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymptomatic carriers of Plasmodium spp. as infection source for malaria vector mosquitoes in the Brazilian Amazon
    • Alves F.P., et al. Asymptomatic carriers of Plasmodium spp. as infection source for malaria vector mosquitoes in the Brazilian Amazon. J. Med. Entomol. 42 (2005) 777-779
    • (2005) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.42 , pp. 777-779
    • Alves, F.P.1
  • 15
    • 0001526639 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the natural history of malaria in the semi-resistant West African
    • Miller M.J. Observations on the natural history of malaria in the semi-resistant West African. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 52 (1958) 152-168
    • (1958) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.52 , pp. 152-168
    • Miller, M.J.1
  • 16
    • 77049227953 scopus 로고
    • Infectivity to mosquitoes of Plasmodium falciparum as related to gametocyte density and duration of infection
    • Jeffery G.M., and Eyles D.E. Infectivity to mosquitoes of Plasmodium falciparum as related to gametocyte density and duration of infection. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 4 (1955) 781-789
    • (1955) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.4 , pp. 781-789
    • Jeffery, G.M.1    Eyles, D.E.2
  • 17
    • 0034084368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in Gambian adults
    • Drakeley C.J., et al. Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in Gambian adults. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 94 (2000) 399-401
    • (2000) Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. , vol.94 , pp. 399-401
    • Drakeley, C.J.1
  • 18
    • 4844229494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriage in asymptomatic children in western Kenya
    • Bousema J.T., et al. Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriage in asymptomatic children in western Kenya. Malar. J. 3 (2004) 18
    • (2004) Malar. J. , vol.3 , pp. 18
    • Bousema, J.T.1
  • 19
    • 27144536635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carriage of chloroquine-resistant parasites and delay of effective treatment increase the risk of severe malaria in Gambian children
    • Meerman L., et al. Carriage of chloroquine-resistant parasites and delay of effective treatment increase the risk of severe malaria in Gambian children. J. Infect. Dis. 192 (2005) 1651-1657
    • (2005) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.192 , pp. 1651-1657
    • Meerman, L.1
  • 20
    • 0034443324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of P. falciparum gametocytemia in symptomatic patients in an area of intense perennial transmission in Tanzania
    • Akim N.I., et al. Dynamics of P. falciparum gametocytemia in symptomatic patients in an area of intense perennial transmission in Tanzania. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 63 (2000) 199-203
    • (2000) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.63 , pp. 199-203
    • Akim, N.I.1
  • 21
    • 0032985269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for gametocyte carriage in uncomplicated falciparum malaria
    • Price R., et al. Risk factors for gametocyte carriage in uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 60 (1999) 1019-1023
    • (1999) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.60 , pp. 1019-1023
    • Price, R.1
  • 22
    • 0036175278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasmodium sex determination and transmission to mosquitoes
    • Paul R.E., et al. Plasmodium sex determination and transmission to mosquitoes. Trends Parasitol. 18 (2002) 32-38
    • (2002) Trends Parasitol. , vol.18 , pp. 32-38
    • Paul, R.E.1
  • 23
    • 4844221831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gametocytogenesis: the puberty of Plasmodium falciparum
    • Talman A.M., et al. Gametocytogenesis: the puberty of Plasmodium falciparum. Malar. J. 3 (2004) 24
    • (2004) Malar. J. , vol.3 , pp. 24
    • Talman, A.M.1
  • 24
    • 0019755990 scopus 로고
    • Plasmodium falciparum gametocytogenesis stimulated by lymphocytes and serum from infected Gambian children
    • Smalley M.E., and Brown J. Plasmodium falciparum gametocytogenesis stimulated by lymphocytes and serum from infected Gambian children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 75 (1981) 316-317
    • (1981) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.75 , pp. 316-317
    • Smalley, M.E.1    Brown, J.2
  • 25
    • 0036200466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased hemoglobin concentrations, hyperparasitemia, and severe malaria are associated with increased Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriage
    • Nacher M., et al. Decreased hemoglobin concentrations, hyperparasitemia, and severe malaria are associated with increased Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriage. J. Parasitol. 88 (2002) 97-101
    • (2002) J. Parasitol. , vol.88 , pp. 97-101
    • Nacher, M.1
  • 26
    • 19444375350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What triggers the gametocyte pathway in Plasmodium falciparum?
    • Trager W. What triggers the gametocyte pathway in Plasmodium falciparum?. Trends Parasitol. 21 (2005) 262-264
    • (2005) Trends Parasitol. , vol.21 , pp. 262-264
    • Trager, W.1
  • 27
    • 0035871788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artesunate reduces but does not prevent posttreatment transmission of Plasmodium falciparum to Anopheles gambiae
    • Targett G., et al. Artesunate reduces but does not prevent posttreatment transmission of Plasmodium falciparum to Anopheles gambiae. J. Infect. Dis. 183 (2001) 1254-1259
    • (2001) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.183 , pp. 1254-1259
    • Targett, G.1
  • 28
    • 3342917490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in differential stages of development by quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based amplification
    • Schneider P., et al. Quantification of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in differential stages of development by quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based amplification. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 137 (2004) 35-41
    • (2004) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.137 , pp. 35-41
    • Schneider, P.1
  • 29
    • 19344362156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population biology and antimalarial resistance: the transmission of antimalarial drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Barnes K.I., and White N.J. Population biology and antimalarial resistance: the transmission of antimalarial drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Acta Trop. 94 (2005) 230-240
    • (2005) Acta Trop. , vol.94 , pp. 230-240
    • Barnes, K.I.1    White, N.J.2
  • 30
    • 0021745814 scopus 로고
    • Gametocyte production in cloned lines of Plasmodium falciparum
    • Graves P.M., et al. Gametocyte production in cloned lines of Plasmodium falciparum. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 33 (1984) 1045-1050
    • (1984) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.33 , pp. 1045-1050
    • Graves, P.M.1
  • 31
    • 0035467601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genesis, sequestration and survival of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes: parameter estimates from fitting a model to malaria therapy data
    • Eichner M., et al. Genesis, sequestration and survival of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes: parameter estimates from fitting a model to malaria therapy data. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 95 (2001) 497-501
    • (2001) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.95 , pp. 497-501
    • Eichner, M.1
  • 32
    • 0032726827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malaria transmission and naturally acquired immunity to PfEMP-1
    • Piper K.P., et al. Malaria transmission and naturally acquired immunity to PfEMP-1. Infect. Immun. 67 (1999) 6369-6374
    • (1999) Infect. Immun. , vol.67 , pp. 6369-6374
    • Piper, K.P.1
  • 33
    • 33746797665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sharp, S. et al. Programmed transcription of the var gene family, but not of stevor, in Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes. Eukaryot. Cell (in press)
  • 34
    • 0020389780 scopus 로고
    • Cultivation of fertile Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in semi-automated systems. 1. Static cultures
    • Ponnudurai T., et al. Cultivation of fertile Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in semi-automated systems. 1. Static cultures. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 76 (1982) 812-818
    • (1982) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.76 , pp. 812-818
    • Ponnudurai, T.1
  • 35
    • 0026073844 scopus 로고
    • Cytokines kill malaria parasites during infection crisis: extracellular complementary factors are essential
    • Naotunne T.S., et al. Cytokines kill malaria parasites during infection crisis: extracellular complementary factors are essential. J. Exp. Med. 173 (1991) 523-529
    • (1991) J. Exp. Med. , vol.173 , pp. 523-529
    • Naotunne, T.S.1
  • 36
    • 0019367523 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytemia with complement component titers in rural Nigerian school children
    • Ade-Serrano M.A., et al. Correlation of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytemia with complement component titers in rural Nigerian school children. J. Clin. Microbiol. 13 (1981) 195-198
    • (1981) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.13 , pp. 195-198
    • Ade-Serrano, M.A.1
  • 37
    • 0028149739 scopus 로고
    • Transmission-blocking antibodies against multiple, non-variant target epitopes of the Plasmodium falciparum gamete surface antigen Pfs230 are all complement-fixing
    • Read D., et al. Transmission-blocking antibodies against multiple, non-variant target epitopes of the Plasmodium falciparum gamete surface antigen Pfs230 are all complement-fixing. Parasite Immunol. 16 (1994) 511-519
    • (1994) Parasite Immunol. , vol.16 , pp. 511-519
    • Read, D.1
  • 38
    • 0347285290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artesunate combinations for treatment of malaria: meta-analysis
    • Adjuik M., et al. Artesunate combinations for treatment of malaria: meta-analysis. Lancet 363 (2004) 9-17
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , pp. 9-17
    • Adjuik, M.1
  • 39
    • 0030828377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimalarial drugs and the mosquito transmission of Plasmodium
    • Butcher G.A. Antimalarial drugs and the mosquito transmission of Plasmodium. Int. J. Parasitol. 27 (1997) 975-987
    • (1997) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.27 , pp. 975-987
    • Butcher, G.A.1
  • 40
    • 0029948433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of artemisinin derivatives on malaria transmissibility
    • Price R.N., et al. Effects of artemisinin derivatives on malaria transmissibility. Lancet 347 (1996) 1654-1658
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.347 , pp. 1654-1658
    • Price, R.N.1
  • 41
    • 0029952963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Features of recrudescent chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum infections confer a survival advantage on parasites and have implications for disease control
    • Handunnetti S.M., et al. Features of recrudescent chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum infections confer a survival advantage on parasites and have implications for disease control. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 90 (1996) 563-567
    • (1996) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.90 , pp. 563-567
    • Handunnetti, S.M.1
  • 42
    • 0842287135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addition of artesunate to chloroquine for treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Gambian children causes a significant but short-lived reduction in infectiousness for mosquitoes
    • Drakeley C.J., et al. Addition of artesunate to chloroquine for treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Gambian children causes a significant but short-lived reduction in infectiousness for mosquitoes. Trop. Med. Int. Health 9 (2004) 53-61
    • (2004) Trop. Med. Int. Health , vol.9 , pp. 53-61
    • Drakeley, C.J.1
  • 43
    • 33746806822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine/sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine for uncomplicated malaria in Gambian children: enhanced transmission to mosquitoes of multi-drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum
    • Hallett R., et al. Chloroquine/sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine for uncomplicated malaria in Gambian children: enhanced transmission to mosquitoes of multi-drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS Clinical Trials 1 (2006) e15
    • (2006) PLoS Clinical Trials , vol.1
    • Hallett, R.1
  • 44
    • 28444492707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Artemether-lumefantrine policy and improved vector control on malaria burden in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
    • Barnes K.I., et al. Effect of Artemether-lumefantrine policy and improved vector control on malaria burden in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. PLoS Med 2 (2005) e330
    • (2005) PLoS Med , vol.2
    • Barnes, K.I.1
  • 45
    • 33645754928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moderate effect of artemisinin-based combination therapy on transmission of Plasmodium falciparum
    • Bousema J.T., et al. Moderate effect of artemisinin-based combination therapy on transmission of Plasmodium falciparum. J. Infect. Dis. 193 (2006) 1151-1159
    • (2006) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.193 , pp. 1151-1159
    • Bousema, J.T.1
  • 46
    • 0025129254 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal fluctuation of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytaemia
    • Rosenberg R., et al. Seasonal fluctuation of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytaemia. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 84 (1990) 29-33
    • (1990) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.84 , pp. 29-33
    • Rosenberg, R.1
  • 47
    • 8144224632 scopus 로고
    • Gamma-globulin and acquired immunity to human malaria
    • Cohen S., et al. Gamma-globulin and acquired immunity to human malaria. Nature 192 (1961) 733-737
    • (1961) Nature , vol.192 , pp. 733-737
    • Cohen, S.1
  • 48
    • 33646176993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual-stage antibody responses to P. falciparum in endemic populations
    • Bousema J.T., et al. Sexual-stage antibody responses to P. falciparum in endemic populations. Curr. Mol. Med. 6 (2006) 223-229
    • (2006) Curr. Mol. Med. , vol.6 , pp. 223-229
    • Bousema, J.T.1
  • 49
    • 0031127178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why so few transmission stages? Reproductive restraint by malaria parasites
    • Taylor L.H., and Read A.F. Why so few transmission stages? Reproductive restraint by malaria parasites. Parasitol. Today 13 (1997) 135-140
    • (1997) Parasitol. Today , vol.13 , pp. 135-140
    • Taylor, L.H.1    Read, A.F.2
  • 50
    • 0025875019 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for specific suppression of gametocytemia by Plasmodium falciparum in residents of hyperendemic Irian Jaya
    • Baird J.K., et al. Evidence for specific suppression of gametocytemia by Plasmodium falciparum in residents of hyperendemic Irian Jaya. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 44 (1991) 183-190
    • (1991) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.44 , pp. 183-190
    • Baird, J.K.1
  • 51
    • 7044234888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct trafficking and localization of STEVOR proteins in three stages of the Plasmodium falciparum life cycle
    • McRobert L., et al. Distinct trafficking and localization of STEVOR proteins in three stages of the Plasmodium falciparum life cycle. Infect. Immun. 72 (2004) 6597-6602
    • (2004) Infect. Immun. , vol.72 , pp. 6597-6602
    • McRobert, L.1
  • 52
    • 0013977018 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological significance of repeated infections with homologous and heterologous strains and species of Plasmodium
    • Jeffery G.M. Epidemiological significance of repeated infections with homologous and heterologous strains and species of Plasmodium. Bull. World Health Organ. 35 (1966) 873-882
    • (1966) Bull. World Health Organ. , vol.35 , pp. 873-882
    • Jeffery, G.M.1
  • 53
  • 54
    • 0027314298 scopus 로고
    • High human malarial infectivity to laboratory-bred Anopheles gambiae in a village in Burkina Faso
    • Boudin C., et al. High human malarial infectivity to laboratory-bred Anopheles gambiae in a village in Burkina Faso. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 48 (1993) 700-706
    • (1993) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.48 , pp. 700-706
    • Boudin, C.1
  • 55
    • 19344373401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of malaria transmission to Anopheles mosquitoes with a six-dose regimen of co-artemether
    • Sutherland C.J., et al. Reduction of malaria transmission to Anopheles mosquitoes with a six-dose regimen of co-artemether. PLoS Med 2 (2005) e92
    • (2005) PLoS Med , vol.2
    • Sutherland, C.J.1
  • 56
    • 0001416433 scopus 로고
    • The malarial infectivity of an African village population to mosquitoes (Anopheles gambiae); a random xenodiagnostic survey
    • Muirhead-Thomson R.C. The malarial infectivity of an African village population to mosquitoes (Anopheles gambiae); a random xenodiagnostic survey. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 6 (1957) 971-979
    • (1957) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.6 , pp. 971-979
    • Muirhead-Thomson, R.C.1
  • 57
    • 0037622745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of malaria transmission from humans to mosquitoes in two neighbouring villages in south Cameroon: evaluation and comparison of several indices
    • Bonnet S., et al. Estimation of malaria transmission from humans to mosquitoes in two neighbouring villages in south Cameroon: evaluation and comparison of several indices. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 97 (2003) 53-59
    • (2003) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.97 , pp. 53-59
    • Bonnet, S.1
  • 58
    • 0026646643 scopus 로고
    • The reservoir of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a holoendemic area of western Kenya
    • Githeko A.K., et al. The reservoir of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a holoendemic area of western Kenya. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 86 (1992) 355-358
    • (1992) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.86 , pp. 355-358
    • Githeko, A.K.1
  • 59
    • 33746801524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Killeen, G. et al. Infectivity of Plasmodium falciparum infected humans to mosquitoes. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. (in press)
  • 60
    • 0034060808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malaria transmission-blocking vaccines-how can their development be supported?
    • Carter R., et al. Malaria transmission-blocking vaccines-how can their development be supported?. Nat. Med. 6 (2000) 241-244
    • (2000) Nat. Med. , vol.6 , pp. 241-244
    • Carter, R.1
  • 61
    • 0242716181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass administrations of antimalarial drugs
    • von Seidlein L., and Greenwood B.M. Mass administrations of antimalarial drugs. Trends Parasitol. 19 (2003) 452-460
    • (2003) Trends Parasitol. , vol.19 , pp. 452-460
    • von Seidlein, L.1    Greenwood, B.M.2
  • 62
    • 0001559206 scopus 로고
    • Relative increase in the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum some years after the beginning of a house-spraying campaign in Netherlands New Guinea
    • Metselaar D. Relative increase in the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum some years after the beginning of a house-spraying campaign in Netherlands New Guinea. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 54 (1960) 523-528
    • (1960) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.54 , pp. 523-528
    • Metselaar, D.1
  • 63
    • 23844551012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection among asymptomatic individuals in a highland area of Kenya
    • John C.C., et al. Low prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection among asymptomatic individuals in a highland area of Kenya. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 99 (2005) 780-786
    • (2005) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.99 , pp. 780-786
    • John, C.C.1
  • 64
    • 17844402000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intermittent preventive antimalarial treatment for Tanzanian infants: follow-up to age 2 years of a randomised, placebo-controlled trial
    • Schellenberg D., et al. Intermittent preventive antimalarial treatment for Tanzanian infants: follow-up to age 2 years of a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 365 (2005) 1481-1483
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 1481-1483
    • Schellenberg, D.1
  • 65
    • 33645755681 scopus 로고
    • The effect of prolonged examination of bloodfilms on the parasite rate
    • Colbourne M.J. The effect of prolonged examination of bloodfilms on the parasite rate. West Afr. Med. J. 5 (1956) 26-30
    • (1956) West Afr. Med. J. , vol.5 , pp. 26-30
    • Colbourne, M.J.1
  • 66
    • 0013871029 scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of thick and thin blood films in the diagnosis of scanty malaria parasitaemia
    • Dowling M.A., and Shute G.T. A comparative study of thick and thin blood films in the diagnosis of scanty malaria parasitaemia. Bull. World Health Organ. 34 (1966) 249-267
    • (1966) Bull. World Health Organ. , vol.34 , pp. 249-267
    • Dowling, M.A.1    Shute, G.T.2
  • 67
    • 0031703794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes with the OBC test and Giemsa-stained thick blood films for malaria transmission studies in Cameroon
    • Mulder B., et al. Detection of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes with the OBC test and Giemsa-stained thick blood films for malaria transmission studies in Cameroon. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 92 (1998) 395-396
    • (1998) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.92 , pp. 395-396
    • Mulder, B.1
  • 68
    • 33746787655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO (2006) Guidelines for the treatment of malaria. pp. 8-10, WHO
  • 69
    • 11344291115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adherence to antimalarial combination therapy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and artesunate in rural Tanzania
    • Kachur S.P., et al. Adherence to antimalarial combination therapy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and artesunate in rural Tanzania. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 71 (2004) 715-722
    • (2004) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.71 , pp. 715-722
    • Kachur, S.P.1
  • 70
    • 1842450562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasmodium falciparum malaria disease manifestations in humans and transmission to Anopheles gambiae: a field study in Western Kenya
    • Gouagna L.C., et al. Plasmodium falciparum malaria disease manifestations in humans and transmission to Anopheles gambiae: a field study in Western Kenya. Parasitology 128 (2004) 235-243
    • (2004) Parasitology , vol.128 , pp. 235-243
    • Gouagna, L.C.1
  • 71
    • 33344461166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal intermittent preventive treatment with artesunate and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for prevention of malaria in Senegalese children: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial
    • Cisse B., et al. Seasonal intermittent preventive treatment with artesunate and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for prevention of malaria in Senegalese children: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Lancet 367 (2006) 659-667
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.367 , pp. 659-667
    • Cisse, B.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.