Characterization of bacterial pathogens in rural and urban irrigation water

Journal of Water and Health

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 103-117

  Aijuka, Matthew ^a   Charimba, George ^b   Hugo, Celia J ^b   Buys, Elna M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITY OF THE FREE STATE   (South Africa)

Author keywords

(GTG)5< inf> Rep PCR; Antibiotic resistance; Bacterial pathogens; E. coli; Irrigation water; Virulence

Indexed keywords

GENE EXPRESSION; GEOGRAPHICAL REGION; IRRIGATION SYSTEM; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; PATHOGEN; SPECIES DIVERSITY; WATER QUALITY;

AEROBIC BACTERIUM; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; ARTICLE; BACILLUS; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; BURKHOLDERIA; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENTEROBACTER; ENTEROCOCCUS GALLINARUM; ESCHERICHIA COLI; IRRIGATION (AGRICULTURE); KLUYVERA; KLUYVERA ASCORBATA; LAND USE; NONHUMAN; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; PREVALENCE; RAOULTELLA; RURAL AREA; SERRATIA MARCESCENS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; URBAN AREA; WATER SAMPLING; WATER SUPPLY; WATER TEMPERATURE; AGRICULTURE; BACTERIAL GENE; BACTERIAL LOAD; BACTERIUM; CLASSIFICATION; DRUG EFFECTS; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; GENETICS; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MICROBIOLOGY; SOUTH AFRICA; WATER POLLUTANT;

BACILLUS (BACTERIUM); BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); ENTEROBACTER; ESCHERICHIA COLI; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS;

ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; BACTERIAL DNA; VIRULENCE FACTOR; WATER POLLUTANT;

AGRICULTURE; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; BACTERIA; BACTERIAL LOAD; DNA, BACTERIAL; DRUG RESISTANCE, BACTERIAL; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; GENES, BACTERIAL; SOUTH AFRICA; VIRULENCE FACTORS; WATER MICROBIOLOGY; WATER POLLUTANTS;

EID: 84928994343     PISSN: 14778920     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2166/wh.2014.228     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Al-Sa'ed, R. 2007 Pathogen assessment in reclaimed effluent used for industrial crop irrigation. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 4 (1), 68-75.
2. Ballot, D. E., Nana, T., Sriruttan, C. & Cooper, P. A. 2012 Bacterial bloodstream infections in neonates in a developing country. ISRN Pediatrics 2012, 1-6.
3. Berry, E. D. & Wells, J. E. 2010 E. coli O157:H7: Recent advances in research on occurrence, transmission and control in cattle and the production environment. Adv. Food Nutr. Res. 60, 67-117.
4. Burnes, B. S. 2003 Antibiotic resistance of fecal coliforms to determine fecal pollution sources in a mixed use water shed. Environ. Monit. Assess. 85, 87-98.
5. CDC 2012 Klebsiella pneumoniae in Health Care Settings. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington DC. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/. Accessed 25 March 2013.
6. CSIR 2010 A CSIR Perspective on Water in South Africa. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa.
7. Da Silva, D. J. & Medonça, N. 2012 Association between antimicrobial resistance and virulence in Escherichia coli. Virulence 3 (1), 18-28.
8. Da Silva, T. F. B. X., Ramos, D. T., Dziedzic, M., De Oliveira, C. M. R. & De Vasconcelos, E. C. 2011 Microbiological quality and antibiotic resistance analysis of a Brazilian water supply source. Water Air Soil Pollut. 218, 611-618.
9. Decré, D., Verdet, C., Emirian, A., Le Gourrierec, T., Petit, J.-C., Offenstadt, G., Maury, E., Brisse, S. & Arlet, G. 2011 Emerging severe and fatal infections due to Klebsiella pneumoniae in two university hospitals in France. J. Clin. Microbiol. 49 (8), 3012-3014.
10. DWAF 2008 Water for Growth and Development in South Africa: Version 6. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Pretoria, South Africa.
11. Duhain, G. L. M. C. 2011 Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. in South African Irrigation Waters and Survival of Cryptosporidium parvum during Vegetable Processing. MSc (Food Science) dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
12. Du Preez, M., Le Roux, W., Potgieter, N. & Venter, S. N. 2008 The genetic relatedness of E. coli associated post collection drinking water contamination in rural households. Water SA 34 (1), 107-112.
13. Ells, T. C. & Hansen, L. T. 2006 Strain and growth temperature influence Listeria spp. attachment to intact and cut cabbage. Int. J. Microbiol. 111, 34-42.
14. EPA 2005 Microbial Source Tracking Guide Document. US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
15. Gemmell, M. E. & Schmidt, S. 2012 Microbiological assessment of river water used for the irrigation of fresh produce in a suburban community in Sobantu, South Africa. Food Res. Int. 47 (2), 300-305.
16. Gerba, C. P. & Choi, C. Y. 2009 Water quality. In: The Produce Contamination Problem (G. M. Sapers, E. B. Solomon & K. R. Matthews, eds). Academic Press, Burlington, MA, pp. 105-114.
17. Health Canada 1998 Laboratory Methods for the Microbiological Analysis of Foods. Determination of Aerobic and Anaerobic Endospore Formers (MFLP-44). Health Canada, Ontario, Canada.
18. Health Canada 2002 Health Products and Food Branch Methods for the Microbiological Analysis of Foods: Determination of Coliforms, Faecal Coliforms and Escherichia coli in Foods (MFHPB-19). Health Canada, Ontario, Canada.
19. Ijabadeniyi, A. O. & Buys, E. M. 2012 Irrigation water and microbiological safety of fresh produce; South Africa as a case study: a review. Afr. J. Agric. Res. 7 (35), 4848-4857.
20. Ijabadeniyi, O. A., Debusho, L. K., Vanderlinde, M. & Buys, E. M. 2011 Irrigation water as a potential pre-harvest source of bacterial contamination of vegetables. J. Food Safety 31, 452-461.
21. Islam, M., Doyle, M. P., Phatak, S. C., Millner, P. & Jiang, X. 2004 Persistence of entohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 in soil and on leaf lettuce and parsley grown in fields treated with contaminated manure composts or irrigation water. J. Food Protect. 67 (7), 1365-1370.
22. Jan, T. & Sadowsky, M. J. 2007 Determining sources of fecal bacteria in waterways. Environ. Monit. Assess. 129, 97-106.
23. Jiang, S. C., Chu, W., Olson, B. H., He, J.-W., Choi, S., Zhang, J., Le, J. Y. & Gedalanga, P. B. 2007 Microbial source tracking in a small southern Californian urban water shed indicates wild animals and growth as the source of fecal bacteria. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 76, 927-934.
24. Korajkic, A., Brownell, M. J. & Harwood, V. J. 2010 Investigation of human sewage pollution and pathogen analysis at Florida Gulf Coast beaches. J. Appl. Microbiol. 110, 174-183.
25. Lin, J. & Biyela, P. T. 2005 Convergent acquisition of antibiotic resistant determinants amongst the Enterobacteriaceae isolates of the Mhlathuze River, Kwazulu-Natal (RSA). Water SA 31 (2), 257-260.
26. Lötter, M. 2010 Assessment of Microbial Loads Present in two Western Cape Rivers for Irrigation of Vegetables. MSc (AgriSciences) dissertation, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
27. Lu, L., Hume, M. E., Sternes, K. L. & Pillai, S. D. 2004 Genetic diversity of Escherichia coli isolates from irrigation water and associated sediments: implications for source tracking. Water Res. 38, 3899-3908.
28. Mohapatra, B. R. & Mazumder, A. 2008 Comparative efficiency of five different rep-PCR methods to discriminate Escherichia coli populations in aquatic environments. Water Sci. Technol. 58 (3), 537-547.
29. Obi, C. L., Potgieter, N., Bessong, P. O. & Matsaung, G. 2002 Assessment of the microbial quality of river water sources in rural Venda communities in South Africa. Water SA 28 (3), 287-292.
30. Obi, C. L., Green, E., Bessong, P. O., De Villiers, B., Hoosen, A. A., Igumbor, E. O. & Potgieter, N. 2004 Gene encoding virulence markers among Escherichia coli isolates from diarrhoeic stool samples and river sources in rural Venda communities of South Africa. Water SA 30 (1), 1-6.
31. Olaniran, A. O., Naicker, K. & Pillay, B. 2009 Antibiotic profiles of Escherichia coli isolates from river sources in Durban, South Africa. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 25, 1743-1749.
32. Olayemi, A. B. 1997 Microbiological hazards associated with agricultural utilization of urban polluted irrigation water. Int. J. Environ. Health R. 7, 149-154.
33. Pachepsky, Y., Shelton, D. R., Mclain, J. E. T., Patel, J. & Mandrell, R. E. 2011 Irrigation waters as a source of pathogenic microorganisms in produce: a review. Adv. Agron. 113, 76-107.
34. Puspanadan, S., Afsah-Hejri, L., Loo, Y. Y., Nillian, E., Kuan, C. H., Goh, S. G., Chang, W. S., Lye, W. L., John, W. H. T., Rukayadi, Y., Yoshitsugu, N., Nishibuchi, M. & Son, R. 2012 Detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae in raw vegetables using Most Probable Number-Polymerase Chain Reaction (MPN-PCR). IFRJ 19 (4), 1757-1762.
35. SABS/ISO 1991 Microbiology: Guidance for Enumeration of Microorganisms Aerobic Colony Count-colony Count Technique at 30°C. South African Bureau of Standards/International Standards Organization 4833, Pretoria, South Africa.
36. SABS/ISO 1996 Microbiology of Food and Animal Feeding Stuffs - Horizontal Method for the Detection and Enumeration of Listeria Monocytogenes Part 1: Detection Method. South African Bureau of Standards/International Standards Organization 11290-1, first edition, Pretoria, South Africa.
37. SABS/ISO 1999 Microbiology of Food and Animal Feeding Stuffs - Horizontal Method for the Enumeration of Coagulase-positive Staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus and other species) Part 1: Technique using Baird-Parker Agar Medium. South African Bureau of Standards/International Standards Organization 6888-1, Pretoria, South Africa.
38. SABS/ISO 2003 Microbiology of Food and Animal Feeding Stuffs - Horizontal Method for the Detection of Salmonella spp. South African Bureau of Standards/International Standards Organization 6579, Pretoria, South Africa.
39. SANS, ISO 2004 Water Quality-Detection and Enumeration of Intestinal Enterococci Part 2: Membrane Filtration Method. South African National Standards, International Standard Organisation 7899-2, Pretoria, South Africa.
40. Samie, A., Makonto, T. E., Odiyo, J., Ouaboi-Egbenni, P. O., Mojapelo, P. & Bessong, P. O. 2011 Microbial quality, diversity and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of bacterial isolates from borehole water used by schools in Greater Giyani Municipality, Mopani District, South Africa. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. 5 (3), 198-210.
41. Schroeder, C. M., Meng, J., Zhao, S., Debroy, C., Torcolini, J., Zhao, C., Mcdermott, P. F., Wagner, D. D., Walker, R. D. & White, D. G. 2002 Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli O26, O103, O111, O128 and O145 from animals and humans. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 8 (12), 1409-1414.
42. Seurinck, S., Verstraete, W. & Siciliano, S. D. 2005 Microbial source tracking for identification of fecal pollution. Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol. 4, 19-37.
43. Sneath, P. H. A. & Sokal, R. R. 1973 Numerical Taxonomy: The Principles and Practice of Numerical Classification. Freeman, San Francisco, California. 573 pp.
44. Statsoft, Inc. 2013 Electronic statistics textbook. Tulsa, Oklahoma. http://www.statsoft.com/textbook/.
45. Vantarakis, A., Venieri, D., Komninou, D. & Papapetropoulou, M. 2006 Differentiation of faecal Escherichia coli from humans and animals by multiple antibiotic resistance analysis. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 42, 71-77.
46. Walters, S. P., Thebo, A. L. & Boehm, A. B. 2011 Impact of urbanization and agriculture on the occurrence of bacterial pathogens and stx genes in coastal water bodies of central California. Water Res. 45, 1752-1762.
47. Welch, R. A. 2006 The genus Escherichia. Prokaryotes 6, 60-71.
48. Wiggins, B. A., Andrews, R. W., Conway, R. A., Corr, C. L., Dobratz, E. J., Dougherty, D. P., Eppard, J. R., Knupp, S. R., Limjoco, M. C., Mettenburg, J. M., Rinehardt, J. M., Sonsino, J., Torrijos, R. L. & Zimmerman, M. E. 1999 Use of antibiotic resistance analysis to identify non-point sources of pollution fecal pollution. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65 (8), 3483-3486.
49. Zaidi, A. K. M., Thaver, D., Ali, S. A. & Khan, T. A. 2009 Pathogens associated with sepsis in newborns and young infants in developing countries. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 28 (1), 10-18.
50. Zamxaka, M., Pironcheva, G. & Muyima, N. Y. O. 2004 Bacterial community patterns of domestic water sources in The Gogogo and Nkonkobe areas of The Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Water SA 30, 341-346.