Effect of context on respiratory rate measurement in identifying non-severe pneumonia in African children

Tropical Medicine and International Health

Volumn 20, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 757-765

  Muro, Florida ^a   Mtove, George ^b   Mosha, Neema ^a   Wangai, Hannah ^c   Harrison, Nicole ^d,e   Hildenwall, Helena ^f   Schellenberg, David ^e   Todd, Jim ^a,e   Olomi, Raimos ^a   Reyburn, Hugh ^c,e  

^a KILIMANJARO CHRISTIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE   (Tanzania)

^b Teule Hospital   (Tanzania)

^c KILIMANJARO CHRISTIAN MEDICAL CENTRE   (Tanzania)

^d MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

^e LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^f KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Africa; Children; Integrated Management of Childhood Illness; Pneumonia; Respiratory rate

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

CHILD HEALTH; CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE INCIDENCE; HEALTH CARE; PNEUMONIA; RESPIRATORY DISEASE;

AFRICAN; ARTICLE; BREATHING RATE; CHILD; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; COUGHING; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DRUG USE; DYSPNEA; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFANT; INVESTIGATIVE PROCEDURES; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NON SEVERE PNEUMONIA; OUTPATIENT; PATIENT IDENTIFICATION; PNEUMONIA; TANZANIA; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX;

AFRICA;

AMBULATORY CARE FACILITIES; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; MALE; PNEUMONIA; RESPIRATORY RATE; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; TANZANIA;

EID: 84928749587     PISSN: 13602276     EISSN: 13653156     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12492     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Rudan I, Chan KY, Zhang JS et al. Causes of deaths in children younger than 5 years in China in 2008. Lancet 2008b: 375: 1083-1089.
2. Rudan I, El Arifeen S, Bhutta ZA et al. Setting research priorities to reduce global mortality from childhood pneumonia by 2015. PLoS Med 2011: 8: e1001099.
3. WHO. Pneumonia: the Forgotten Killer of Children, 2006.
4. Rudan I, Boschi-Pinto C, Biloglav Z, Mulholland K, Campbell H. Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia. Bull World Health Organ 2008a: 86: 408-416.
5. Rudan I, O'Brien KL, Nair H et al., Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group. Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia in 2010: estimates of incidence, severe morbidity, mortality, underlying risk factors and causative pathogens for 192 countries. J Glob Health 2013: 3: 010401.
6. WHO. Integrated Management of Childhood illness: A WHO/UNICEF Initiative, Bull World Health Organisation, 1997.
7. Scott JA et al. The Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine impact study (PCVIS), 2014.
8. Adegbola RA, Secka O, Lahai G et al. Elimination of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease from The Gambia after the introduction of routine immunisation with a Hib conjugate vaccine: a prospective study. Lancet 2005: 366: 144-150.
9. CDC. Progress in introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine-worldwide 2000-2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2008: 57: 1148-1151.
10. International Vaccine Access Center (IVAC). Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Vaccine Information Management System (VIMS) Global Vaccine Introduction Report, [September, 2014]. http://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/ivac/vims/. [03 October 2014]
11. WHO. Guidelines for the treatment of malaria, World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2010.
12. Mtove G, Hendriksen IC, Amos B et al. Treatment guided by rapid diagnostic tests for malaria in Tanzanian children: safety and alternative bacterial diagnoses. Malar J 2011: 10: 290.
13. Njama-Meya D, Clark TD, Nzarubara B, Staedke S, Kamya MR, Dorsey G. Treatment of malaria restricted to laboratory-confirmed cases: a prospective cohort study in Ugandan children. Malar J 2007: 6: 7.
14. D'Acremont V, Kahama-Maro J, Swai N, Mtasiwa D, Genton B, Lengeler C. Reduction of anti-malarial consumption after rapid diagnostic tests implementation in Dar es Salaam: a before-after and cluster randomized controlled study. Malar J 2011: 10: 107.
15. Drakeley C, Reyburn H. Out with the old, in with the new: the utility of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria diagnosis in Africa. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2009: 103: 333-337.
16. Msellem MI, Martensson A, Rotllant G et al. Influence of rapid malaria diagnostic tests on treatment and health outcome in fever patients, Zanzibar: a crossover validation study. PLoS Med 2009: 6: e1000070.
17. Kahigwa E, Schellenberg D, Schellenberg JA, Aponte JJ, Alonso PL, Menendez C. Inter-observer variation in the assessment of clinical signs in sick Tanzanian children. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2002: 96: 162-166.
18. Nadjm B, Jeffs B, Mtove G et al. Inter-observer variation in paediatric clinical signs between different grades of staff examining children admitted to hospital in Tanzania. Trop Med Int Health 2008: 13: 1213-1219.
19. O'Dempsey TJ, McArdle TF, Laurence BE, Lamont AC, Todd JE, Greenwood BM. Overlap in the clinical features of pneumonia and malaria in African children. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1993: 87: 662-665.
20. Winskill P, Rowland M, Mtove G, Malima RC, Kirby MJ. Malaria risk factors in north-east Tanzania. Malar J 2011: 10: 98.
21. Chandler CI, Nadjm B, Boniface G, Juma K, Reyburn H, Whitty CJ. Assessment of children for acute respiratory infections in hospital outpatients in Tanzania: what drives good practice? Am J Trop Med Hyg 2008: 79: 925-932.
22. English M, Esamai F, Wasunna A et al. Assessment of inpatient paediatric care in first referral level hospitals in 13 districts in Kenya. Lancet 2004: 363: 1948-1953.
23. Karlen W, Gan H, Chiu M et al. Improving the accuracy and efficiency of respiratory rate measurements in children using mobile devices. PLoS ONE 2014: 9: e99266.
24. Lanaspa M, Valim C, Acacio S et al. High reliability in respiratory rate assessment in children with respiratory symptomatology in a rural area in Mozambique. J Trop Pediatr 2014: 60: 93-98.
25. Reyburn H, Mwakasungula E, Chonya S et al. Clinical assessment and treatment in paediatric wards in the north-east of the United Republic of Tanzania. Bull World Health Organ 2008: 86: 132-139.
26. Mulholland EK, Simoes EA, Costales MO, McGrath EJ, Manalac EM, Gove S. Standardized diagnosis of pneumonia in developing countries. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1992: 11: 77-81.
27. Shann F, Barker J, Poore P. Clinical signs that predict death in children with severe pneumonia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1989: 8: 852-855.
28. Shah S, Bachur R, Kim D, Neuman MI. Lack of predictive value of tachypnea in the diagnosis of pneumonia in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009: 29: 406-409.
29. Hazir T, Nisar YB, Abbasi S et al. Comparison of oral amoxicillin with placebo for the treatment of world health organization-defined nonsevere pneumonia in children aged 2-59 months: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Pakistan. Clin Infect Dis 2011: 52: 293-300.
30. Subhi R, Adamson M, Campbell H, Weber M, Smith K, Duke T, Hypoxaemia in Developing Countries Study Group. The prevalence of hypoxaemia among ill children in developing countries: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis 2009: 9: 219-227.
31. Nadjm B, Amos B, Mtove G et al. WHO guidelines for antimicrobial treatment in children admitted to hospital in an area of intense Plasmodium falciparum transmission: prospective study. BMJ: British Medical Journal. 2010; 340: c1350. doi:10.1136/bmj.c1350.