HIV: New drugs, new guidelines

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

Volumn 27, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 545-553

  Geretti, Anna Maria ^a   Tsakiroglou, Maria ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Antiretroviral therapy; CD4 count; Clinical trials; Guidelines

Indexed keywords

ABACAVIR; ABACAVIR PLUS LAMIVUDINE; ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT; ATAZANAVIR PLUS RITONAVIR; COBICISTAT; COBICISTAT PLUS ELVITEGRAVIR PLUS EMTRICITABINE PLUS TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL; DARUNAVIR PLUS RITONAVIR; DOLUTEGRAVIR; EFAVIRENZ; EFAVIRENZ PLUS EMTRICITABINE PLUS TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL; ELVITEGRAVIR; EMTRICITABINE; EMTRICITABINE PLUS RILPIVIRINE PLUS TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL; LAMIVUDINE; LOPINAVIR PLUS RITONAVIR; NEW DRUG; RALTEGRAVIR; RILPIVIRINE; TENOFOVIR; TENOFOVIR ALAFENAMIDE; VIRUS RNA; 2 PYRROLIDONE DERIVATIVE; FUSED HETEROCYCLIC RINGS; NITRILE; PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVE;

ANTIVIRAL THERAPY; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG ERUPTION; DRUG SAFETY; DYSLIPIDEMIA; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; REVIEW; RHABDOMYOLYSIS; VIRUS LOAD; VIRUS REPLICATION; AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; COMORBIDITY; DRUG COMBINATION; DRUG EFFECTS; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV INFECTIONS; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PREVENTION AND CONTROL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); VERTICAL TRANSMISSION;

AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; ANTI-HIV AGENTS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; COMORBIDITY; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS, 3-RING; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HUMANS; INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL; NITRILES; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY AS TOPIC; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; PYRIMIDINES; PYRROLIDINONES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; VIRAL LOAD;

EID: 84927786449     PISSN: 09517375     EISSN: 14736527     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000106     Document Type: Review

References (48)

1. Mocroft A, Furrer HJ, Miro JM, et al. The incidence of AIDS-defining illnesses at a current CD4 count ≥200 cells/mL in the postcombination antiretroviral therapy era. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 57:1038-1047.
2. Borges AH, Silverberg MJ, Wentworth D, et al. Predicting risk of cancer during HIV infection: the role of inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers. AIDS 2013; 27:1433-1441.
3. Freiberg MS, Chang CC, Kuller LH, et al. HIV infection and the risk of acute myocardial infarction. JAMA Intern Med 2013; 173:614-622.
4. Funderburg NT, Jiang Y, Debanne SM, et al. Rosuvastatin treatment reduces markers of monocyte activation in HIV-infected subjects on antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 58:588-595.
5. Le T, Wright EJ, Smith DM, et al. Enhanced CD4+ T-cell recovery with earlier HIV-1 antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med 2013; 368:218-230.
6. Grinsztejn B, Hosseinipour MC, Ribaudo HJ, et al. Effects of early versus delayed initiation of antiretroviral treatment on clinical outcomes of HIV-1 infection: results from the phase 3 HPTN 052 randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2014; 14:281-290.
7. Anglemyer A, Rutherford GW, Horvath T, et al. Antiretroviral therapy for prevention of HIV transmission in HIV-discordant couples. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 4:CD009153.
8. Tanser F, Barnighausen T, Grapsa E, et al. High coverage of ART associated with decline in risk of HIV acquisition in rural KwaZulu-Natal. Science 2013; 339:966-971.
9. Gü nthard HF, Aberg JA, Eron JJ, et al. Antiretroviral treatment of adult HIV infection: 2014 recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA Panel. JAMA 2014; 312:410-425.
10. Department of Health and Human Services. Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents. May 2014. http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/html/1/adult-and-adolescent-arv-guidelines/0/. [Accessed 26 August 2014]
11. World Health Organisation. Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations. July 2014. http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/keypopulations/en/. [Accessed 26 August 2014]
12. European AIDS Clinical Society. Guidelines version 7.02, June 2014. http://eacsociety.org/Portals/0/140601-EACS%20EN7.02.pdf. [Accessed 26 August 2014]
13. Williams I, Churchill D, Anderson J, et al. British HIV Association guidelines for the treatment of HIV-1-positive adults with antiretroviral therapy 2012 (updated November 2013). HIV Med 2014; 15 (Suppl 1):1-85.
14. Raffi F, Pozniak AL, Wainberg MA. Has the time come to abandon efavirenz for first-line antiretroviral therapy? J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69:1742-1747.
15. Geretti AM, Fox Z, Johnson JA, et al. Sensitive assessment of the virologic outcomes of stopping and restarting nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy. PLoS One 2013; 8: e69266.
16. Li JZ, Paredes R, Ribaudo HJ, et al. Low-frequency HIV-1 drug resistance mutations and risk of NNRTI-based antiretroviral treatment failure: a systematic review and pooled analysis. JAMA 2011; 305:1327-1335.
17. Gandhi M, Gandhi RT. Single-pill combination regimens for treatment of HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med 2014; 371:248-259.
18. Nachega JB, Parienti JJ, Uthman OA, et al. Lower pill burden and once-daily dosing antiretroviral treatment regimens for HIV infection: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 58:1297-1307.
19. Cohen C, Wohl D, Arribas JR, et al. Week 48 results from a randomized clinical trial of rilpivirine/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate vs. efavirenz/ emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected adults. AIDS 2014; 28:989-997.
20. Nelson MR, Elion RA, Cohen CJ, et al. Rilpivirine versus efavirenz in HIV-1-infected subjects receiving emtricitabine/tenofovir DF: pooled 96-week data from ECHO and THRIVE studies. HIV Clin Trials 2013; 14:81-91.
21. Tebas P, Sension M, Arribas J, et al. Lipid levels and changes in body fat distribution in treatment-naive, HIV-1-infected adults treated with rilpivirine or efavirenz for 96 weeks in the ECHO and THRIVE trials. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 59:425-434.
22. Palella FJ Jr, Fisher M, Tebas P, et al. Simplification to rilpivirine/emtricitabine/ tenofovir disoproxil fumarate from ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor antiretroviral therapy in a randomized trial of HIV-1 RNA-suppressed participants. AIDS 2014; 28:335-344.
23. Porter DP, Kulkarni R, Fralich T, et al. Characterization of HIV-1 drug resistance development through week 48 in antiretroviral naive subjects on rilpivirine/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF or efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF in the STaR study (GS-US-264-0110). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2014; 65:318-326.
24. Molina JM, Clumeck N, Orkin C, et al. Week 96 analysis of rilpivirine or efavirenz in HIV-1-infected patients with baseline viral load ≥100 000 copies/ mL in the pooled ECHO and THRIVE phase 3, randomized, double-blind trials. HIV Med 2014; 15:57-62.
25. Xu HT, Colby-Germinario SP, Asahchop EL, et al. Effect of mutations at position E138 in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and their interactions with the M184I mutation on defining patterns of resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors rilpivirine and etravirine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:3100-3109.
26. Shah BM, Schafer JJ, Priano J, Squires KE. Cobicistat: a new boost for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Pharmacotherapy 2013; 33:1107-1116.
27. Wohl DA, Cohen C, Gallant JE, et al. A randomized, double-blind comparison of single-tablet regimen elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF versus single-tablet regimen efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF for initial treatment of HIV-1 infection: analysis of week 144 results. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2014; 65:e118-e120.
28. Clumeck N, Molina JM, Henry K, et al. A randomized, double-blind comparison of single-tablet regimen elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF vs ritonavir-boosted atazanavir plus emtricitabine/tenofovir DF for initial treatment of HIV-1 infection: analysis of week 144 results. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2014; 65:e121-e124.
29. Jose S, Hamzah L, Campbell LJ, et al. Incomplete reversibility of estimated glomerular filtration rate decline following tenofovir disoproxil fumarate exposure. J Infect Dis 2014; 210:363-373.
30. Stray KM, Bam RA, Birkus G, et al. Evaluation of the effect of cobicistat on the in vitro renal transport and cytotoxicity potential of tenofovir. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:4982-4989.
31. Baxi SM, Greenblatt RM, Bacchetti P, et al. Common clinical conditions-age, low BMI, ritonavir use, mild renal impairment-affect tenofovir pharmacokinetics in a large cohort of HIV-infected women. AIDS 2014; 28:59-66.
32. Pozniak A, Markowitz M, Mills A, et al. Switching to coformulated elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir versus continuation of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with emtricitabine and tenofovir in virologically suppressed adults with HIV (STRATEGTY-NNRTI): 48 week results of a randomised, open-label, phase 3b, noninferiority trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2014; 14:590-599.
33. Arribas JR, Pialoux G, Gathe J, et al. Simplification to coformulated elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir versus continuation of ritonavirboosted protease inhibitor with emtricitabine and tenofovir in adults with virologically suppressed HIV (STRATEGY-PI): 48-week results of a randomised, open-label, phase 3b, noninferiority trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2014; 14:581-589.
34. White KL, Raffi F, Miller MD. Resistance analyses of integrase strand transfer inhibitors within phase 3 clinical trials of treatment-naive patients. Viruses 2014; 6:2858-2879.
35. Rockstroh JK, DeJesus E, Lennox JL, et al. Durable efficacy and safety of raltegravir versus efavirenz when combined with tenofovir/emtricitabine in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients: final 5-year results from STARTMRK. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2013; 63:77-85.
36. Walmsley SL, Antela A, Clumeck N, et al. Dolutegravir plus abacavir/lamivudine for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med 2013; 369:1807-1818.
37. Raffi F, Jaeger H, Quiros-Roldan E, et al. Once-daily dolutegravir versus twicedaily raltegravir in antiretroviral-naive adults with HIV-1 infection (SPRING-2 study): 96 week results from a randomised, double-blind, noninferiority trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2013; 13:927-935.
38. Clotet B, Feinberg J, van Lunzen J, et al. Once-daily dolutegravir versus darunavir plus ritonavir in antiretroviral-naive adults with HIV-1 infection (FLAMINGO): 48 week results from the randomised open-label phase 3b study. Lancet 2014; 383:2222-2231.
39. Cottrell ML, Hadzic T, Kashuba AD. Clinical pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and drug-interaction profile of the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir. Clin Pharmacokinet 2013; 52:981-994.
40. Mesplède T, Quashie PK, Osman N, et al. Viral fitness cost prevents HIV-1 from evading dolutegravir drug pressure. Retrovirology 2013; 10:22.
41. Oliveira M, Mesplède T, Quashie PK, et al. Resistance mutations against dolutegravir in HIV integrase impair the emergence of resistance against reverse transcriptase inhibitors. AIDS 2014; 28:813-819.
42. Sax PE, Zolopa A, Brar I, et al. Tenofovir alafenamide vs. tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in single tablet regimens for initial HIV-1 therapy: a randomized phase 2 study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2014; 67:52-58.
43. Gallant JE, Koenig E, Andrade-Villanueva J, et al. Cobicistat versus ritonavir as a pharmacoenhancer of atazanavir plus emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in treatment-naive HIV type 1-infected patients: week 48 results. J Infect Dis 2013; 208:32-39.
44. Cahn P, Andrade-Villanueva J, Arribas JR, et al. Dual therapy with lopinavir and ritonavir plus lamivudine versus triple therapy with lopinavir and ritonavir plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in antiretroviral-therapy-naive adults with HIV-1 infection: 48 week results of the randomised, open label, noninferiority GARDEL trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2014; 14:572-580.
45. Haskelberg H, Mallon PW, Hoy J, et al. Bone mineral density over 96 weeks in adults failing first-line therapy randomised to raltegravir/lopinavir/ritonavir compared to standard second-line therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2014; 67:161-168.
46. Raffi F, Babiker AG, Richert L, et al. Ritonavir-boosted darunavir combined with raltegravir or tenofovir-emtricitabine in antiretroviral-naive adults infected with HIV-1: 96 week results from the NEAT001/ANRS143 randomised noninferiority trial. Lancet 2014. [Epub ahead of print]
47. Walensky RP, Sax PE, Nakamura YM, et al. Economic savings versus health losses: the cost-effectiveness of generic antiretroviral therapy in the United States. Ann Intern Med 2013; 158:84-92.
48. Engsig FN, Gerstoft J, Helleberg M, et al. Effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy in individuals who for economic reasons were switched from a once-daily single-tablet regimen to a triple-tablet regimen. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2014; 66:407-413.