The incidence of AIDS-defining illnesses at a current CD4 count ≥200 cells/μL in the post-combination antiretroviral therapy era

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Volumn 57, Issue 7, 2013, Pages 1038-1047

  Mocroft, A ^a   Furrer, H J ^b   Miro, J M ^c   Reiss, P ^d,e   Mussini, C ^f   Kirk, O ^g,h   Abgrall, S ^i,j,k   Ayayi, S ^l   Bartmeyer, B ^m   Braun, D ⁿ   Castagna, A ^o   D'Arminio Monforte, A ^p   Gazzard, B ^q   Gutierrez, F ^r   Hurtado, I ^s   Jansen, K ^t   Meyer, L ^u,v   Munoz P ^w   Obel, N ^h   Soler Palacin, P ^x   Papadopoulos, A ^y   Raffi, F ^z   Ramos, J T ^aa   Rockstroh, J K ^ab   Salmon, D ^ac   Torti, C ^ad,ae   Warszawski, J ^af   De Wit, S ^ag   Zangerle, R ^ah   Fabre Colin, C ^j,ai   Kjaer, J ^g   Chene, G ^j,ai   Grarup, J ^g   Lundgren, J D ^g,h   more..

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

^d ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^e STICHTING HIV MONITORING   (Netherlands)

^f UNIVERSITY OF MODENA AND REGGIO EMILIA   (Italy)

^g Copenhagen HIV Programme ^*  (Denmark)

^h University of Copenhagen   (Denmark)

ⁱ SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

^j INSERM   (France)

^k AVICENNE HOSPITAL   (France)

^l BORDEAUX UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (France)

^m ROBERT KOCH INSTITUTE   (Germany)

ⁿ UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^o Department of Infectious Diseases IRCCS San Raffaele ^*  (Chile)

^p UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

^q CHELSEA AND WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^r HOSPITAL GENERAL UNIVERSITARIO DE ELCHE   (Spain)

^s Research Network on Health Services in Chronic Diseases   (Spain)

^t RUHR UNIVERSITY BOCHUM   (Germany)

^u CENTRE FOR RESEARCH IN EPIDEMIOLOGY AND POPULATION HEALTH   (France)

^v BICÊTRE HOSPITAL   (France)

^w HOSPITAL DE BASURTO   (Spain)

^x HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARI VALL D HEBRON   (Spain)

^y UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Greece)

^z HÔTEL DIEU   (France)

^aa HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO DE GETAFE   (Spain)

^ab UNIVERSITY OF BONN   (Germany)

^ac Institut Cochin   (France)

^ad University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases   (Italy)

^ae UNIVERSITY MAGNA GRAECIA OF CATANZARO   (Italy)

^af ASSISTANCE PUBLIQUE HÔPITAUX DE PARIS   (France)

^ag SAINT PIERRE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Belgium)

^ah INNSBRUCK MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Austria)

^ai UNIVERSITÉ DE BORDEAUX   (France)

more..

Author keywords

AIDS defining illnesses; CART; CD4; Immune reconstitution; Virologic suppression

Indexed keywords

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADULT; AIDS DEFINING ILLNESS; ANTIVIRAL THERAPY; ARTICLE; ATYPICAL MYCOBACTERIOSIS; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRYPTOCOCCOSIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS; ESOPHAGUS CANDIDIASIS; EXTRAPULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; FEMALE; HERPES SIMPLEX; HIV ASSOCIATED DEMENTIA; HUMAN; KAPOSI SARCOMA; LUNG TUBERCULOSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORBIDITY; NONHODGKIN LYMPHOMA; PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY; RECURRENT DISEASE; TOXOPLASMOSIS; UTERINE CERVIX CANCER; WASTING SYNDROME;

AIDS DEFINING ILLNESSES; CART; CD4; IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION; VIROLOGIC SUPPRESSION;

ADULT; ANTI-RETROVIRAL AGENTS; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES; COHORT STUDIES; EUROPE; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; MALE; POISSON DISTRIBUTION;

EID: 84884405076     PISSN: 10584838     EISSN: 15376591     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit423     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Mocroft A, Katlama C, Johnson AM, et al. AIDS across Europe, 1994-98: the EuroSIDA study. Lancet 2000; 356:291-6.
2. Palella FJ Jr., Delaney KM, Moorman AC, et al. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 1998; 338:853-60.
3. Egger M, Hirschel B, Francioli P, et al. Impact of new antiretroviral combination therapies in HIV infected patients in Switzerland: prospective multicentre study. Swiss HIV Cohort Study. BMJ 1997; 315:1194-9.
4. Grabar S, Lanoy E, Allavena C, et al. Causes of the first AIDS-defining illness and subsequent survival before and after the advent of combined antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med 2008; 9:246-56.
5. Kirk O, Gatell JM, Mocroft A, et al. Infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium among HIV-infected patients after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. EuroSIDA Study Group JD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 162(3 Pt 1):865-72.
6. Ledergerber B, Egger M, Erard V, et al. AIDS-related opportunistic illnesses occurring after initiation of potent antiretroviral therapy: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. JAMA 1999; 282:2220-6.
7. Polesel J, Clifford GM, Rickenbach M, et al. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma incidence in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study before and after highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2008; 22:301-6.
8. Mocroft A, Youle M, Phillips AN, et al. The incidence of AIDS-defining illnesses in 4883 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Royal Free/Chelsea and Westminster Hospitals Collaborative Group. Arch Intern Med 1998; 158:491-7.
9. Phillips AN, Gazzard B, Gilson R, et al. Rate of AIDS diseases or death in HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy-naive individuals with high CD4 cell count. AIDS 2007; 21:1717-21.
10. Anglaret X, Minga A, Gabillard D, et al. AIDS and non-AIDS morbidity and mortality across the spectrum of CD4 cell counts in HIV-infected adults before starting antiretroviral therapy in Cote d'Ivoire. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 54:714-23.
11. Podlekareva D, Mocroft A, Dragsted UB, et al. Factors associated with the development of opportunistic infections in HIV-1-infected adults with high CD4+ cell counts: a EuroSIDA study. J Infect Dis 2006; 194:633-41.
12. Opportunistic Infections Project Team of the Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research in Europe (COHERE) in Euro-Coord. CD4 cell count and the risk of AIDS or death in HIV-infected adults on combination antiretroviral therapy with a suppressed viral load: a longitudinal cohort study from COHERE. PLoS Med 2012; 9: e1001194.
13. Lampe FC, Gatell JM, Staszewski S, et al. Changes over time in risk of initial virological failure of combination antiretroviral therapy: a multicohort analysis, 1996 to 2002. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166:521-8.
14. Kjaer J, Ledergerber B. HIV cohort collaborations: proposal for harmonization of data exchange. Antivir Ther 2004; 9:631-3.
15. 1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. MMWR Recomm Rep 1992; 41(RR-17):1-19.
16. Maman D, Pujades-Rodriguez M, Nicholas S, et al. Response to antiretroviral therapy: improved survival associated with CD4 above 500 cells/μL. AIDS 2012; 26:1393-8.
17. Lodi S, Guiguet M, Costagliola D, Fisher M, de Luca A, Porter K. Kaposi sarcoma incidence and survival among HIV-infected homosexual men after HIV seroconversion. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010; 102: 784-92.
18. Lundgren J. Characteristics of individuals presenting late for care across Europe: results from the Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research Europe (COHERE). 19th International AIDS Conference, 22-27 July 2012. Washington DC, USA. Abstract no.THAB0303.
19. Huhn GD, Badri S, Vibhakar S, et al. Early development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma following initiation of newer class antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected patients - implications for immune reconstitution. AIDS Res Ther 2010; 7:44.
20. Deeks SG, Phillips AN. HIV infection, antiretroviral treatment, ageing, and non-AIDS related morbidity. BMJ 2009; 338:a3172.
21. High KP, Brennan-Ing M, Clifford DB, et al. HIV and aging: state of knowledge and areas of critical need for research. A report to the NIH Office of AIDS Research by the HIV and Aging Working Group. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2012; 60(suppl 1):S1-18.
22. Justice AC, Braithwaite RS. Lessons learned from the first wave of aging with HIV. AIDS 2012; 26(suppl 1):S11-S18.
23. Reekie J, Gatell JM, Yust I, et al. Fatal and nonfatal AIDS and non-AIDS events in HIV-1-positive individuals with high CD4 cell counts according to viral load strata. AIDS 2011; 25:2259-68.
24. May M, Sterne JA, Sabin C, et al. Prognosis of HIV-1-infected patients up to 5 years after initiation of HAART: collaborative analysis of prospective studies. AIDS 2007; 21:1185-97.
25. Mellors JW, Munoz A, Giorgi JV, et al. Plasma viral load and CD4+ lymphocytes as prognostic markers of HIV-1 infection. Ann Intern Med 1997; 126:946-54.
26. Mugavero MJ, Napravnik S, Cole SR, et al. Viremia copy-years predicts mortality among treatment-naive HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 53:927-35.
27. El-Sadr WM, Lundgren JD, Neaton JD, et al. CD4+ count-guided interruption of antiretroviral treatment. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 2283-96.
28. Kuller LH, Tracy R, Belloso W, et al. Inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers and mortality in patients with HIV infection. PLoS Med 2008; 5:e203.
29. Grossman Z, Meier-Schellersheim M, Paul WE, Picker LJ. Pathogenesis of HIV infection: what the virus spares is as important as what it destroys. Nat Med 2006; 12:289-95.
30. Guiguet M, Boue F, Cadranel J, Lang JM, Rosenthal E, Costagliola D. Effect of immunodeficiency, HIV viral load, and antiretroviral therapy on the risk of individual malignancies (FHDH-ANRS CO4): a prospective cohort study. Lancet Oncol 2009; 10:1152-9.
31. Mocroft A, Reiss P, Gasiorowski J, et al. Serious fatal and nonfatal non-AIDS-defining illnesses in Europe. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2010; 55:262-70.
32. Kesselring A, Gras L, Smit C, et al. Immunodeficiency as a risk factor for non-AIDS-defining malignancies in HIV-1-infected patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52:1458-65.
33. Maini MK, Gilson RJ, Chavda N, et al. Reference ranges and sources of variability of CD4 counts in HIV-seronegative women and men. Genitourin Med 1996; 72:27-31.
34. Podlekareva D, BannisterW, Mocroft A, et al. The EuroSIDA study: regional differences in the HIV-1 epidemic and treatment response to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected patients across Europe - a review of published results. Cent Eur J Public Health 2008; 16:99-105.
35. Reekie J, Kowalska JD, Karpov I, et al. Regional differences in AIDS and non-AIDS related mortality in HIV-positive individuals across Europe and Argentina: the EuroSIDA study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41673.