메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 310, Issue , 2015, Pages 71-103

The energy demand of ICT: A historical perspective and current methodological challenges

Author keywords

Energy conversion; Energy policy; Green ICT; Green software; ICT energy consumption; ICT life cycle; Regulation Standby power

Indexed keywords

ENERGY CONVERSION; ENERGY MANAGEMENT; ENERGY POLICY; ENERGY UTILIZATION; LIFE CYCLE;

EID: 84927656883     PISSN: 21945357     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09228-7_4     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (31)

References (125)
  • 1
    • 80051895513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of historical trends in the electrical efficiency of computing
    • Koomey, J.G., Berard, S., Sanchez, M., Wong, H.: Implications of historical trends in the electrical efficiency of computing. IEEE Ann. Hist. Comput. 33(3), 46–54 (2011). doi:10.1109/MAHC.2010.28
    • (2011) IEEE Ann. Hist. Comput , vol.33 , Issue.3 , pp. 46-54
    • Koomey, J.G.1    Berard, S.2    Sanchez, M.3    Wong, H.4
  • 4
    • 84887453192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smart everything: Will intelligent systems reduce resource use
    • Koomey, G., Matthews, S.M., Williams, E.: Smart everything: will intelligent systems reduce resource use? Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 38, 311–343 (2013)
    • (2013) Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour , vol.38 , pp. 311-343
    • Koomey, G.1    Matthews, S.M.2    Williams, E.3
  • 6
    • 84927703185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy Star Program, Washington, Accessed 30 April 2014
    • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Report to Congress on Server and Data Center Energy Efficiency. Energy Star Program, Washington. www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/prod_development/downloads/EPA_Datacenter_Report_Congress_Final1.pdf (2007). Accessed 30 April 2014
    • (2007) Report to Congress on Server and Data Center Energy Efficiency
  • 10
    • 0022267419 scopus 로고
    • Information technology and the use of energy
    • Walker, W.: Information technology and the use of energy. Energy Policy 13, 458–476 (1985)
    • (1985) Energy Policy , vol.13 , pp. 458-476
    • Walker, W.1
  • 11
    • 0022867021 scopus 로고
    • Information technology and energy supply
    • Walker, W.: Information technology and energy supply. Energy Policy 14(6), 466–488 (1986)
    • (1986) Energy Policy , vol.14 , Issue.6 , pp. 466-488
    • Walker, W.1
  • 13
    • 84927701379 scopus 로고
    • Neue gesellschaftliche Prioritäten und Energiepolitik. Materialien zu zwei Szenarien des qualitativen Wachstums und ihren energetischen Implikationen
    • Office fédéral de l’énergie, Bern
    • Lutz, Ch., Spreng, D., Fischer, H.R., Itin, P., Graf, H.G.: Neue gesellschaftliche Prioritäten und Energiepolitik. Materialien zu zwei Szenarien des qualitativen Wachstums und ihren energetischen Implikationen. Série de publications du GESE No 15. Office fédéral de l’énergie, Bern (1988)
    • (1988) Série De Publications Du GESE , vol.15
    • Lutz, C.H.1    Spreng, D.2    Fischer, H.R.3    Itin, P.4    Graf, H.G.5
  • 16
    • 0036525157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Information technology and U.S. energy consumption: Energy hog, productivity tool, or both
    • Laitner, J.A.: Information technology and U.S. energy consumption: energy hog, productivity tool, or both? J. Ind. Ecol. 2(6), 13–24 (2003). doi:10.1162/108819802763471753
    • (2003) J. Ind. Ecol , vol.2 , Issue.6 , pp. 13-24
    • Laitner, J.A.1
  • 17
    • 78049474575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semiconductor technologies: The potential to revolutionize U.S. energy productivity
    • Washington, Accessed 17 May 2014
    • Laitner, J.A., Poland Knight, C., McKinney, V.L., Ehrhardt-Martinez, K.: Semiconductor technologies: the potential to revolutionize U.S. energy productivity. ACEEE-Report Number E094, Washington. http://www.semiconductors.org/clientuploads/ACEEE_Report_2009.pdf (2009). Accessed 17 May 2014
    • (2009) Aceee-Report Number E094
    • Laitner, J.A.1    Poland Knight, C.2    McKinney, V.L.3    Ehrhardt-Martinez, K.4
  • 18
    • 84927613333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The energy efficiency benefits and the economic imperative of ICT-enabled systems
    • In: Hilty, L.M., Aebischer, B. (eds.), Springer, Switzerland
    • Laitner, J.A.: The energy efficiency benefits and the economic imperative of ICT-enabled systems. In: Hilty, L.M., Aebischer, B. (eds.) ICT Innovations for Sustainability. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol. 310, pp. 37–48. Springer, Switzerland (2015)
    • (2015) ICT Innovations for Sustainability. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , vol.310 , pp. 37-48
    • Laitner, J.A.1
  • 21
    • 84927619355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intelligent efficiency: Opportunities, barriers, and solutions
    • ACEEE, Washington, Accessed 23 Apr 2014
    • Rogers, E.A., Elliott, R.N., Kwatra, S., Trombley, D., Nadadur, V.: Intelligent efficiency: opportunities, barriers, and solutions. Report Number E13J. ACEEE, Washington. http://aceee.org/research-report/e13j (2013). Accessed 23 Apr 2014
    • (2013) Report Number E13J
    • Rogers, E.A.1    Elliott, R.N.2    Kwatra, S.3    Trombley, D.4    Nadadur, V.5
  • 22
    • 0027456021 scopus 로고
    • Possibility for substitution between energy, time and information
    • Spreng, D.: Possibility for substitution between energy, time and information. Energy Policy 21(1), 13–23 (1993)
    • (1993) Energy Policy , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-23
    • Spreng, D.1
  • 24
    • 84927639397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interdependency of energy, information and growth
    • In: Hilty, L.M., Aebischer, B. (eds.), Springer, Switzerland
    • Spreng, D.: The interdependency of energy, information and growth. In: Hilty, L.M., Aebischer, B. (eds.) ICT Innovations for Sustainability. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol. 310, pp. 425–434. Springer, Switzerland (2015)
    • (2015) ICT Innovations for Sustainability. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , vol.310 , pp. 425-434
    • Spreng, D.1
  • 25
    • 84927610783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smart sustainable cities: Definition and challenges
    • In: Hilty, L.M., Aebischer, B. (eds.), Springer, Switzerland
    • Höjer, M., Wangel, J.: Smart sustainable cities: definition and challenges. In: Hilty, L.M., Aebischer, B. (eds.) ICT Innovations for Sustainability. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol. 310, pp. 333–349. Springer, Switzerland (2015)
    • (2015) ICT Innovations for Sustainability. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , vol.310 , pp. 333-349
    • Höjer, M.1    Wangel, J.2
  • 26
  • 27
    • 84927624858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social practices, households, and design in the smart grid
    • In: Hilty, L.M., Aebischer, B. (eds.), Springer, Switzerland
    • Katzeff, C., Wangel, J.: Social practices, households, and design in the smart grid. In: Hilty, L.M., Aebischer, B. (eds.) ICT Innovations for Sustainability. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol. 310, pp. 351–365. Springer, Switzerland (2015)
    • (2015) ICT Innovations for Sustainability. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , vol.310 , pp. 351-365
    • Katzeff, C.1    Wangel, J.2
  • 28
    • 84927651454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gamification and sustainable consumption: Overcoming the limitations of persuasive technologies
    • In: Hilty, L.M., Aebischer, B. (eds.), Springer, Switzerland
    • Huber, M.Z., Hilty, L.M.: Gamification and sustainable consumption: overcoming the limitations of persuasive technologies. In: Hilty, L.M., Aebischer, B. (eds.) ICT Innovations for Sustainability. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol. 310, pp. 367–385. Springer, Switzerland (2015)
    • (2015) ICT Innovations for Sustainability. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , vol.310 , pp. 367-385
    • Huber, M.Z.1    Hilty, L.M.2
  • 30
    • 84927615379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rebound effects and ICT: A review of the literature
    • In: Hilty, L.M., Aebischer, B. (eds.), Springer, Switzerland
    • Gossart, C.: Rebound effects and ICT: a review of the literature. In: Hilty, L.M., Aebischer, B. (eds.) ICT Innovations for Sustainability. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol. 310, pp. 435–448. Springer, Switzerland (2015)
    • (2015) ICT Innovations for Sustainability. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , vol.310 , pp. 435-448
    • Gossart, C.1
  • 32
    • 84901321455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the sustainability of smart solutions (Editorial)
    • Hilty, L.M., Aebischer, B., Rizzoli, A.E.: Assessing the sustainability of smart solutions (Editorial). Environ. Model. Softw. 56, 1–5 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.04.001
    • (2014) Environ. Model. Softw , vol.56 , pp. 1-5
    • Hilty, L.M.1    Aebischer, B.2    Rizzoli, A.E.3
  • 33
    • 84927636751 scopus 로고
    • The coming boom in computer loads
    • Accessed 17 May 2014
    • Squitieri, R., Yu, O., Roach, C.: The coming boom in computer loads. Public utilities fortnightly 118(13). http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1009&context=oliver_yu (1986). Accessed 17 May 2014
    • (1986) Public Utilities Fortnightly , vol.118 , Issue.13
    • Squitieri, R.1    Yu, O.2    Roach, C.3
  • 34
    • 2442563082 scopus 로고
    • The sum of megabytes equals gigawatts: Energy consumption and efficiency of office PC’s and related equipment
    • Asilomar, Accessed 17 May 2014
    • Norford, L.K., Rabl, A., Harris, J., Roturier, J.: The sum of megabytes equals gigawatts: energy consumption and efficiency of office PC’s and related equipment. In: Proceedings of the 1988 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Asilomar, pp. 3.181–3.196 http://aceee.org/files/proceedings/1988/data/papers/1988_V3_018.pdf (1988). Accessed 17 May 2014
    • (1988) Proceedings of the 1988 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings , pp. 181-183
    • Norford, L.K.1    Rabl, A.2    Harris, J.3    Roturier, J.4
  • 35
    • 0042106836 scopus 로고
    • Electronic office equipment: The impact of market trends and technology on end-use demand for electricity
    • In: Johansson, T.B., Bodlund, B., Williams, R.H. (eds.), Lund University Press, Sweden
    • Norford, L., Rabl, A., Harris, J., Roturier, J.: Electronic office equipment: the impact of market trends and technology on end-use demand for electricity. In: Johansson, T.B., Bodlund, B., Williams, R.H. (eds.): Electricity: Efficient End-Use and New Generation Technologies, and Their Planning Implications, pp. 427–460. Lund University Press, Sweden (1989)
    • (1989) Electricity: Efficient End-Use and New Generation Technologies, and Their Planning Implications , pp. 427-460
    • Norford, L.1    Rabl, A.2    Harris, J.3    Roturier, J.4
  • 37
    • 0027009519 scopus 로고
    • Miscellaneous electrical energy use in homes
    • Accessed 17 May 2014
    • Meier, A., Rainer, A., Greenberg, S.: Miscellaneous electrical energy use in homes. Energy 17(5), 509–518. http://akmeier.lbl.gov/pdf/meier-rainer-misc-e-use.pdf (1992). Accessed 17 May 2014
    • (1992) Energy , vol.17 , Issue.5 , pp. 509-518
    • Meier, A.1    Rainer, A.2    Greenberg, S.3
  • 39
    • 84927703182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Residential information technology energy consumption in 2005 and 2010
    • Department of Energy by TIAX LLC, Cambridge, Accessed 17 May 2014
    • Roth, K.W., Ponoum, R., Goldstein, F.: U.S. Residential information technology energy consumption in 2005 and 2010. Report to U.S. Department of Energy by TIAX LLC, Cambridge. http://www.biblioite.ethz.ch/downloads/residential_information_technology_energy_consumption_2006.pdf (2006). Accessed 17 May 2014
    • (2006) Report to U.S
    • Roth, K.W.1    Ponoum, R.2    Goldstein, F.3
  • 40
    • 84927703181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed 17 May 2014
    • IT and Energy Library. http://www.biblioite.ethz.ch (2014). Accessed 17 May 2014
    • (2014) IT and Energy Library
  • 41
    • 84927650474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infrastructures de la Société de l’information: Un gigantesque défi énergétique
    • In: Hollmuller, P., Lachal, B., Romerio, F., Weber, W. (eds.), CUEPE, Université de Genève, Genève
    • Aebischer, B., Roturier, J.: Infrastructures de la Société de l’information: un gigantesque défi énergétique. In: Hollmuller, P., Lachal, B., Romerio, F., Weber, W. (eds.) Infrastructures et énergie. Energie, Environnement et Société, pp. 183–203. CUEPE, Université de Genève, Genève (2007)
    • (2007) Infrastructures Et énergie. Energie, Environnement Et Société , pp. 183-203
    • Aebischer, B.1    Roturier, J.2
  • 42
    • 85006592197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Électricité et Internet: Le paradigme de l’iceberg
    • Aebischer, B., Roturier, J.: Électricité et Internet: le paradigme de l’iceberg. Bulletindela S.F.P. 154, 25–27 (2006). doi:10.1051/refdp/200615404
    • (2006) Bulletindela S.F.P , vol.154 , pp. 25-27
    • Aebischer, B.1    Roturier, J.2
  • 43
    • 84927703180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schlussbericht. CEPE (Centre for Energy Policy and Economics), ETH Zürich, Accessed 17 May 2014
    • Aebischer, B.: Kompetenzzentrum Energie und Informationstechnik 2009–2011. Schlussbericht. CEPE (Centre for Energy Policy and Economics), ETH Zürich. http://www.cepe.ethz.ch/publications/Aebischer_SB_2009-2011_Kompetenzzentrum_JB2011.pdf (2011). Accessed 17 May 2014
    • (2011) Kompetenzzentrum Energie Und Informationstechnik 2009–2011
    • Aebischer, B.1
  • 44
    • 84927703179 scopus 로고
    • One Watt after one hour in one year
    • Department of Energy Efficiency, Stockholm
    • Molinder, O.: One Watt after one hour in one year. Nutek, Department of Energy Efficiency, Stockholm (1993)
    • (1993) Nutek
    • Molinder, O.1
  • 45
    • 84927703178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energieeffizienz von Computer-Netzgeräten
    • Accessed 17 May 2014
    • Aebischer, B., Huser, A.: Energieeffizienz von Computer-Netzgeräten. Bundesamt für Energie, Bern. http://www.cepe.ethz.ch/publications/Aebischer_sb_power_supply_full.pdf (2002). Accessed 17 May 2014
    • (2002) Bundesamt für Energie, Bern
    • Aebischer, B.1    Huser, A.2
  • 47
    • 2342538332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Power supplies: A hidden opportunity for energy savings
    • San Francisco
    • Calwell, C., Reeder, T.: Power supplies: a hidden opportunity for energy savings. NRDC Report. San Francisco (2002)
    • (2002) NRDC Report
    • Calwell, C.1    Reeder, T.2
  • 48
    • 84927671930 scopus 로고
    • Energy-Efficient Office Technologies in Europe
    • (ed.), Université Bordeaux
    • Roturier, J. (ed.): Energy-Efficient Office Technologies in Europe. Rapport final du Groupe de Travail OT3E. Université Bordeaux (1994)
    • (1994) Rapport Final Du Groupe De Travail OT3E
    • Roturier, J.1
  • 50
    • 84927703176 scopus 로고
    • Entwicklung des Elektrizitätsverbrauchs im Dienstleistungssektor einer grösseren Stadt
    • EDMZ No. 805.571d
    • Aebischer, B., Spreng, D.: Entwicklung des Elektrizitätsverbrauchs im Dienstleistungssektor einer grösseren Stadt. Bundesamt für Energiewirtschaft, EDMZ No. 805.571d (1994)
    • (1994) Bundesamt für Energiewirtschaft
    • Aebischer, B.1    Spreng, D.2
  • 52
    • 84856679112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usage and Public Reporting Guidelines for the Green Grid’s Infrastructure Metrics (PUE/DCIE)
    • Accessed 17 May 2014
    • Haas, J., Froedge, J.: Usage and Public Reporting Guidelines for the Green Grid’s Infrastructure Metrics (PUE/DCIE). The Green Grid. http://www.thegreengrid.org/*/media/WhitePapers/White%20Paper%2022%20-%20PUE%20DCiE%20Usage%20Guidelines_final.ashx (2009). Accessed 17 May 2014
    • (2009) The Green Grid
    • Haas, J.1    Froedge, J.2
  • 53
    • 82055197055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Version 1—Measuring PUE at Dedicated Data Centers, Accessed 17 May 2014
    • Task Force: Recommendations for Measuring and Reporting Overall Data Center Efficiency. Version 1—Measuring PUE at Dedicated Data Centers. http://www.thegreengrid.org/*/media/WhitePapers/RecommendationsforMeasuringandReportingOverallDataCenterEfficiency2010-07-15.ashx?lang=en (2010). Accessed 17 May 2014
    • (2010) Task Force: Recommendations for Measuring and Reporting Overall Data Center Efficiency
  • 54
    • 84872023234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Version 2—Measuring PUE for Data Centers, Accessed 17 May 2014
    • Task Force: Recommendations for Measuring and Reporting Overall Data Center Efficiency. Version 2—Measuring PUE for Data Centers. http://www.thegreengrid.org/*/media/WhitePapers/Data%20Center%20Metrics%20Task%20Force%20Recommendations%20V2%205-17-2011.pdf?lang=en (2011). Accessed 17 May 2014
    • (2011) Task Force: Recommendations for Measuring and Reporting Overall Data Center Efficiency
  • 56
    • 84927703173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design recommendations for high-performance data centers
    • 2–5 Feb 2003. Rocky Mountain Institute, Snowmass, Accessed 17 May 2014
    • Eubank, H., Swisher, J., Burns, C., Seal, J., Emerson, B.: Design recommendations for high-performance data centers. Report of the Integrated Design Charrette, 2–5 Feb 2003. Rocky Mountain Institute, Snowmass. http://hightech.lbl.gov/dctraining/docs/hpdc-72.pdf (2003). Accessed 17 May 2014
    • (2003) Report of the Integrated Design Charrette
    • Eubank, H.1    Swisher, J.2    Burns, C.3    Seal, J.4    Emerson, B.5
  • 57
    • 84927703172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Back to the future—waves of rising energy use in data centers
    • LBNL, Berkeley, Accessed 17 May 2014
    • Aebischer, B.: Back to the future—waves of rising energy use in data centers. EETD Seminars, LBNL, Berkeley. http://www.cepe.ethz.ch/publications/Aebischer_LBNL_20-4-09.pdf (2009). Accessed 17 May 2014
    • (2009) EETD Seminars
    • Aebischer, B.1
  • 58
    • 84927780900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed 17 May 2014
    • The Green Grid. http://www.thegreengrid.org (2014). Accessed 17 May 2014
    • (2014) The Green Grid
  • 60
    • 85006621602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CRC: Energy efficiency scheme in UK. http://www.computerweekly.com/feature/Why-the-Carbon-Reduction-Commitment-is-bad-for-data-centres (n.d.). Accessed 17 May 2014
    • CRC: Energy Efficiency Scheme in UK
  • 62
    • 84927638400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consolidation, colocation, virtualization, and cloud computing: The impact of the changing structure of data centers on total electricity demand
    • In: Hilty, L.M., Aebischer, B. (eds.), Springer, Switzerland
    • Hintemann, R.: Consolidation, colocation, virtualization, and cloud computing: the impact of the changing structure of data centers on total electricity demand. In: Hilty, L.M., Aebischer, B. (eds.) ICT Innovations for Sustainability. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol. 310, pp. 125–136. Springer, Switzerland (2015)
    • (2015) ICT Innovations for Sustainability. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , vol.310 , pp. 125-136
    • Hintemann, R.1
  • 65
    • 0035372177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy efficiency: The challenges of policy design
    • Varone, F., Aebischer, B.: Energy efficiency: the challenges of policy design. Energy Policy 29(8), 615–629 (2001)
    • (2001) Energy Policy , vol.29 , Issue.8 , pp. 615-629
    • Varone, F.1    Aebischer, B.2
  • 66
    • 34249656743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public sector leadership: Transforming the market for efficient products and services
    • Madelieu, Accessed 17 May 2014
    • Harris, J., Aebischer, B., Glickman, J., Magnin, G., Meier, A., Viegand, J.: Public sector leadership: Transforming the market for efficient products and services. In: Proceedings, ECEE Summer Study, Madelieu. http://www.pepsonline.org/publications/Public%20Sector%20Leadership.pdf (2005). Accessed 17 May 2014
    • (2005) Proceedings, ECEE Summer Study
    • Harris, J.1    Aebischer, B.2    Glickman, J.3    Magnin, G.4    Meier, A.5    Viegand, J.6
  • 67
    • 84927703170 scopus 로고
    • Trends in energy efficiency in office technology: Case studies from Europe and the United States
    • Ling, R., Wilhite, H. (eds.), Accessed 17 May 2014
    • Dandridge, C. B., Aebischer, B., Molinder, O., Roturier, J.: Trends in energy efficiency in office technology: Case studies from Europe and the United States. In: Ling, R., Wilhite, H. (eds.) Proceedings ECEEE-1993 Summer Study: The Energy Efficiency Challenge for Europe, Oslo. http://www.eceee.org/library/conference:proceedings/eceee_Summer_Studies/1993/Panel_2/p2_6/paper (1993). Accessed 17 May 2014
    • (1993) Proceedings ECEEE-1993 Summer Study: The Energy Efficiency Challenge for Europe, Oslo
    • Dandridge, C.B.1    Aebischer, B.2    Molinder, O.3    Roturier, J.4
  • 77
    • 0003508859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy consumption by office and telecommunications equipment in commercial buildings. Volume I: Energy consumption baseline
    • In: Arthur, D. (ed.), Inc., Cambridge, Accessed 17 May 2014
    • Roth, K.W., Goldstein, F., Kleinman, J.: Energy consumption by office and telecommunications equipment in commercial buildings. Volume I: Energy consumption baseline. In: Arthur, D. (ed.) Report for Office of Building Technology State and Community Programs, Little, Inc., Cambridge (2002) http://www.biblioite.ethz.ch/downloads/Roth_ADL_1.pdf. Accessed 17 May 2014
    • (2002) Report for Office of Building Technology State and Community Programs, Little
    • Roth, K.W.1    Goldstein, F.2    Kleinman, J.3
  • 79
    • 79957988342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • lowmacro-d110912a,highmacro-d110912a,ref2013-d102312a, Accessed 30 Apr 2014
    • U.S. Energy Information Administration: Annual energy outlook 2013. http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/aeo/tablebrowser/#release=AEO2013&subject=2-AEO2013&table=4-AEO2013®ion=0-0&cases=highprice-d110912a,lowmacro-d110912a,highmacro-d110912a,ref2013-d102312a (2013). Accessed 30 Apr 2014
    • (2013) U.S. Energy Information Administration: Annual Energy Outlook 2013
  • 82
    • 84927703165 scopus 로고
    • Efficiency improvements in U.S. office equipment: Expected policy impacts and uncertainties
    • Accessed 22 May 2014
    • Koomey, J.G., Cramer, M., Piette, M.A., Eto, J.H.: Efficiency improvements in U.S. office equipment: expected policy impacts and uncertainties. LBL Report: LBL-37383, http://enduse.lbl.gov/Info/LBNL-37383.pdf (1995). Accessed 22 May 2014
    • (1995) LBL Report: LBL-37383
    • Koomey, J.G.1    Cramer, M.2    Piette, M.A.3    Eto, J.H.4
  • 84
    • 84927703164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy information administration’s 2001 annual energy outlook. Table A5
    • EIA
    • EIA: Energy information administration’s 2001 annual energy outlook. Table A5, ‘‘Commercial Sector Key Indicators and Consumption’’ (2001)
    • (2001) Commercial Sector Key Indicators and Consumption
  • 86
    • 78049469919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greenhouse gas emissions and operational electricity use in the ICT and entertainment and media sectors
    • Malmodin, J., Moberg, A., Lundén, D., Finnveden, G., Lövehagen, N.: Greenhouse gas emissions and operational electricity use in the ICT and entertainment and media sectors. J. Ind. Ecol. 14(5), 770–790 (2010). doi:10.1111/j.1530-9290.2010.00278.x
    • (2010) J. Ind. Ecol , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 770-790
    • Malmodin, J.1    Moberg, A.2    Lundén, D.3    Finnveden, G.4    Lövehagen, N.5
  • 90
    • 85006559998 scopus 로고
    • Grüne Rechnung. Das Produkt Computer in der Okobilanz
    • Grote, A.: Grüne Rechnung. Das Produkt Computer in der Okobilanz. In: c’t, Computer und Technik 12, 82–98 (1994)
    • (1994) c’t, Computer Und Technik , vol.12 , pp. 82-98
    • Grote, A.1
  • 91
    • 85006561009 scopus 로고
    • Ermittlungen. Stoffdatenbank der TU Munchen konkretisiert PC-Okobilanz. c’t
    • Grote, A.: Ermittlungen. Stoffdatenbank der TU Munchen konkretisiert PC-Okobilanz. c’t, Computer und Technik 8, 108 (1995)
    • (1995) Computer Und Technik , vol.8 , pp. 108
    • Grote, A.1
  • 94
    • 84927599882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The transition from desktop computers to tablets: A model for increasing resource efficiency?
    • In: Hilty, L.M., Aebischer, B. (eds.), Springer, Switzerland
    • Hischier, R., Wäger, P.A.: The transition from desktop computers to tablets: a model for increasing resource efficiency? In: Hilty, L.M., Aebischer, B. (eds.) ICT Innovations for Sustainability. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol. 310, pp. 257–268. Springer, Switzerland (2015)
    • (2015) ICT Innovations for Sustainability. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , vol.310 , pp. 257-268
    • Hischier, R.1    Wäger, P.A.2
  • 96
    • 85006576834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life cycle assessment of third generation (3G) wireless telecommunication systems at Ericsson
    • Malmodin, J., Oliv, L., Bergmark, P.: Life cycle assessment of third generation (3G) wireless telecommunication systems at Ericsson. In: Proceedings EcoDesign, Stockholm (2001)
    • (2001) Proceedings Ecodesign, Stockholm
    • Malmodin, J.1    Oliv, L.2    Bergmark, P.3
  • 97
    • 33746797705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life cycle assessment of the mobile communication system UMTS: Towards eco-efficient systems
    • Faist-Emmenegger, M., Frischknecht, R., Stutz, M., Guggisberg, M., Witschi, R., Otto, T.: Life cycle assessment of the mobile communication system UMTS: towards eco-efficient systems. Int. J. LCA 4(11), 265–276 (2006)
    • (2006) Int. J. LCA , vol.4 , Issue.11 , pp. 265-276
    • Faist-Emmenegger, M.1    Frischknecht, R.2    Stutz, M.3    Guggisberg, M.4    Witschi, R.5    Otto, T.6
  • 98
    • 20444446015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The end-of-life treatment of second generation mobile phone networks: Strategies to reduce the environmental impact
    • Scharnhorst, W., Althaus, H.-J., Classen, M., Jolliet, O., Hilty, L.M.: The end-of-life treatment of second generation mobile phone networks: strategies to reduce the environmental impact. Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. 25(5), 540–566 (2005). doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2005.04.005
    • (2005) Environ. Impact Assess. Rev , vol.25 , Issue.5 , pp. 540-566
    • Scharnhorst, W.1    Althaus, H.-J.2    Classen, M.3    Jolliet, O.4    Hilty, L.M.5
  • 99
    • 33750626382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental assessment of end-of-life treatment options for a GSM 900 antenna rack
    • Scharnhorst, W., Althaus, H.J., Hilty, L.M., Jolliet, O.: Environmental assessment of end-of-life treatment options for a GSM 900 antenna rack. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 6(11), 425–436 (2006). doi:10.1065/lca2005.08.216
    • (2006) Int. J. Life Cycle Assess , vol.6 , Issue.11 , pp. 425-436
    • Scharnhorst, W.1    Althaus, H.J.2    Hilty, L.M.3    Jolliet, O.4
  • 100
    • 33746749713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life cycle assessment of second generation (2G) and third generation (3G) mobile phone networks
    • Scharnhorst, W., Hilty, L.M., Jolliet, O.: Life cycle assessment of second generation (2G) and third generation (3G) mobile phone networks. Environ. Int. 5(32), 656–675 (2006). doi:10.1016/j.envint.2006.03.001
    • (2006) Environ. Int , vol.5 , Issue.32 , pp. 656-675
    • Scharnhorst, W.1    Hilty, L.M.2    Jolliet, O.3
  • 102
    • 0036793483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental impacts of an international conference
    • Hischier, R., Hilty, L.M.: Environmental impacts of an international conference. Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. 22(5), 543–557 (2002). doi:10.1016/S0195-9255(02)00027-6
    • (2002) Environ. Impact Assess. Rev , vol.22 , Issue.5 , pp. 543-557
    • Hischier, R.1    Hilty, L.M.2
  • 104
    • 84927643308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recycling of ICT equipment in industrialized and developing countries
    • In: Hilty, L.M., Aebischer, B. (eds.), Springer, Switzerland
    • Böni, H., Schluep, M., Widmer, R.: Recycling of ICT equipment in industrialized and developing countries. In: Hilty, L.M., Aebischer, B. (eds.) ICT Innovations for Sustainability. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol. 310, pp. 223–241. Springer, Switzerland (2015)
    • (2015) ICT Innovations for Sustainability. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , vol.310 , pp. 223-241
    • Böni, H.1    Schluep, M.2    Widmer, R.3
  • 105
    • 20444472052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does WEEE recycling make sense from an environmental perspective? The environmental impacts of the swiss take-back and recycling systems for waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE)
    • Hischier, R., Wäger, P.A., Gauglhofer, J.: Does WEEE recycling make sense from an environmental perspective? The environmental impacts of the swiss take-back and recycling systems for waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. 25, 525–539 (2005)
    • (2005) Environ. Impact Assess. Rev , vol.25 , pp. 525-539
    • Hischier, R.1    Wäger, P.A.2    Gauglhofer, J.3
  • 108
    • 20444481063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic waste—an emerging risk?
    • Hilty, L.M.: Electronic waste—an emerging risk? Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. 25(5), 431–435 (2005). doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2005.04.002
    • (2005) Environ. Impact Assess. Rev , vol.25 , Issue.5 , pp. 431-435
    • Hilty, L.M.1
  • 110
    • 20444443618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smart labels in municipal solid waste—a case for the precautionary principle?
    • Wäger, P.A., Eugster, M., Hilty, L.M., Som, C.: Smart labels in municipal solid waste—a case for the precautionary principle? Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. 25(5), 567–586 (2005). doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2005.04.009
    • (2005) Environ. Impact Assess. Rev , vol.25 , Issue.5 , pp. 567-586
    • Wäger, P.A.1    Eugster, M.2    Hilty, L.M.3    Som, C.4
  • 111
    • 79961022042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective impacts of electronic textiles on recycling and disposal
    • Köhler, A.R., Hilty, L.M., Bakker, C.: Prospective impacts of electronic textiles on recycling and disposal. J. Ind. Ecol. 15(4), 496–511 (2011). doi:10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00358.x
    • (2011) J. Ind. Ecol , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 496-511
    • Köhler, A.R.1    Hilty, L.M.2    Bakker, C.3
  • 114
    • 84927703162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grüne Software. Schlussbericht zum Vorhaben: Ermittlung und Erschließung von Umweltschutzpotenzialen der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik (Green IT)
    • Berlin (2014, in press)
    • Hilty, L.M., Lohmann, W., Behrendt, S., Evers-Wölk, M., Fichter, K., Hintemann, R.: Grüne Software. Schlussbericht zum Vorhaben: Ermittlung und Erschließung von Umweltschutzpotenzialen der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik (Green IT). Umweltbundesamt, Berlin (2014, in press)
    • Umweltbundesamt
    • Hilty, L.M.1    Lohmann, W.2    Behrendt, S.3    Evers-Wölk, M.4    Fichter, K.5    Hintemann, R.6
  • 115
    • 84927662367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticipations
    • Pamlin, D. (ed.), WWF Sweden, Accessed 17 May 2014
    • Rejeski, D.: Anticipations. In: Pamlin, D. (ed.) Sustainability at the speed of light. WWF Sweden. http://assets.panda.org/downloads/wwf_ic_1.pdf (2002). Accessed 17 May 2014
    • (2002) Sustainability at the Speed of Light
    • Rejeski, D.1
  • 116
    • 79961157052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ein Wegweiser für Forschung und Lehre im Software-Engineering eingebetteter Systeme
    • Broy, M., Pree, W.: Ein Wegweiser für Forschung und Lehre im Software-Engineering eingebetteter Systeme. Informatik-Spektrum 18, 3–7 (2003)
    • (2003) Informatik-Spektrum , vol.18 , pp. 3-7
    • Broy, M.1    Pree, W.2
  • 117
    • 84877266260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ICT and Energy: Some Methodological Issues
    • Accessed 17 May 2014
    • Aebischer, B.: ICT and Energy: Some Methodological Issues. ERCIM News 79, 12–13. http://ercim-news.ercim.eu/en79/special/ict-and-energy-some-methodological-issues (2009). Accessed 17 May 2014
    • (2009) ERCIM News , vol.79 , pp. 12-13
    • Aebischer, B.1
  • 118
    • 79953281019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The World’s Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information
    • Hilbert, M., López, P.: The World’s Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information. Science 332(60) (2011). doi:10.1126/science.1200970
    • (2011) Science , vol.332 , Issue.60
    • Hilbert, M.1    López, P.2
  • 119
    • 79953281019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supporting Online Material for: The world’s technological capacity to store, communicate, and compute information
    • Hilbert, M., López, P.: Supporting Online Material for: the world’s technological capacity to store, communicate, and compute information. Sci. Express (2011). doi:10.1126/science.1200970
    • (2011) Sci. Express
    • Hilbert, M.1    López, P.2
  • 122
    • 84899836846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cloud begins with coal
    • Accessed 17 May 2014
    • Mills, M.P.: The cloud begins with coal. Big data, big networks, big infrastructure, and big power. http://www.tech-pundit.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Cloud_Begins_With_Coal.pdf?c761ac (2013). Accessed 17 May 2014
    • (2013) Big Data, Big Networks, Big Infrastructure, and Big Power
    • Mills, M.P.1
  • 123
    • 84901496360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the sustainability of electronic media: Strategies for life cycle inventory data collection and their implications for LCA results
    • Hischier, R., Ahmadi Achachlouei, M., Hilty, L.M.: Evaluating the sustainability of electronic media: strategies for life cycle inventory data collection and their implications for LCA results. Environ. Model Softw. 56, 27–36 (2014)
    • (2014) Environ. Model Softw , vol.56 , pp. 27-36
    • Hischier, R.1    Ahmadi Achachlouei, M.2    Hilty, L.M.3
  • 124
    • 84927649268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustainable software engineering: Process and quality models, life cycle and social aspects
    • In: Hilty, L.M., Aebischer, B. (eds.), Springer, Switzerland
    • Naumann, S., Kern, E., Dick, M., Johann, T.: Sustainable software engineering: process and quality models, life cycle and social aspects. In: Hilty, L.M., Aebischer, B. (eds.) ICT Innovations for Sustainability. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol. 310, pp. 191–205. Springer, Switzerland (2015)
    • (2015) ICT Innovations for Sustainability. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , vol.310 , pp. 191-205
    • Naumann, S.1    Kern, E.2    Dick, M.3    Johann, T.4
  • 125
    • 84927641929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addressing the obsolescence of end-user devices: Approaches from the field of sustainable HCI
    • In: Hilty, L.M., Aebischer, B. (eds.), Springer, Switzerland
    • Remy, C., Huang, E.M.: Addressing the obsolescence of end-user devices: approaches from the field of sustainable HCI. In: Hilty, L.M., Aebischer, B. (eds.) ICT Innovations for Sustainability. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol. 310, pp. 257–268. Springer, Switzerland (2015)
    • (2015) ICT Innovations for Sustainability. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , vol.310 , pp. 257-268
    • Remy, C.1    Huang, E.M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.