The energy intensity of the internet: Home and access networks

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

Volumn 310, Issue , 2015, Pages 137-155

  Coroama, Vlad C ^a   Schien, Daniel ^b   Preist, Chris ^b   Hilty, Lorenz M ^c,d,e  

^a Measure IT Research   (Romania)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^d SWISS FEDERAL LABORATORIES FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Switzerland)

^e ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Access network; Customer premises; Energy efficiency; Energy intensity; Equipment; Internet

Indexed keywords

ENERGY EFFICIENCY; EQUIPMENT; FIBER AMPLIFIERS; OPTICAL FIBERS; REDUNDANCY;

ACCESS NETWORK; COOLING EQUIPMENT; CUSTOMER PREMISE; CUSTOMER PREMISES EQUIPMENT; ENERGY INTENSITY; MODELING PARADIGMS; ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE; SYSTEM BOUNDARY;

INTERNET;

EID: 84919366981     PISSN: 21945357     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09228-7_8     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Laitner, J.A.: Semiconductors and information technologies: the power of productivity. J. Ind. Ecol. 14(5), 692-695 (2010)
2. Mattern, F., Staake, T., Weiss, M.: ICT for green—how computers can help us to conserve energy. In: Proceedings of e-Energy 2010, pp. 1-10, Passau, Germany, ACM, April 2010
3. Hilty, L.M., Ruddy, T.: Sustainable development and ICT interpreted in a natural science context: the resulting research questions for the social sciences. Inf. Commun. Soc. 13(1), 7-22 (2010)
4. GeSI: Smart 2020: Enabling the low carbon economy in the information age. A report by the climate group on behalf of the global esustainability initiative (gesi) (2008)
5. European Commission: Addressing the challenge of energy efficiency through information and communication technologies. In: Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions 241 final, Brussels (2008)
6. Pamlin, D., Pahlman, S.: Outline for the First Global It Strategy for co2 Reductions. Technical Report. World Wildlife Fund, Switzerland (2008)
7. Erdmann, L., Hilty, L.M.: Scenario analysis: exploring the macroeconomic impacts of information and communication technologies on greenhouse gas emissions. J. Ind. Ecol. 14(5), 826-843 (2010)
8. Hilty, L.M.: Information Technology and Sustainability. Essays on the Relationship between ICT and Sustainable Development. Books on Demand, Norderstedt (2008)
9. Hilty, L.M., Coroama, V., de Eicker, M.O., Ruddy, T., Mller, E.: The role of ICT in energy consumption and energy efficiency. In: Technical Report ICT-ENSURE: European ICT Environmental Sustainability Research; call identifier FP7-ICT-2007-2 (2009)
10. Coroama, V.C., Hilty, L.M.: Energy consumed vs. energy saved by ICT—a closer look. In: Wohlgemuth, V., Page, B., Voigt, K. (eds.) Environmental Informatics and Industrial Environmental Protection: Concepts, Methods and Tools, pp. 353-361 (2009)
11. Koomey, J., Chong, H., Loh, W., Nordman, B., Blazek, M.: Network electricity use associated with wireless personal digital assistants. J. Infrastruct. Syst. 10(3), 131-137 (2004)
12. Baliga, J., Ayre, R.W., Hinton, K., Tucker, R.S.: Green cloud computing: balancing energy in processing, storage, and transport. Proc. IEEE 99(1), 149-167 (2011)
13. Schien, D., Coroama, V.C., Hilty, L.M., Preist, C.: The energy intensity of the Internet: edge and core networks. In: Hilty, L.M., Aebischer, B. (eds.) ICT Innovations for Sustainability. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol. 310, pp. 157-170. Springer, Switzerland (2015)
14. Baliga, J., Ayre, R., Hinton, K., Sorin, W.V., Tucker, R.S.: Energy consumption in optical IP networks. J. Lightwave Technol. 27(13), 2391-2403 (2009)
15. Hinton, K., Baliga, J., Feng, M.Z., Ayre, R.W., Tucker, R.S.: Power consumption and energy efficiency in the Internet. IEEE Network 25(2), 6-12 (2011)
16. Gupta, M., Singh, S.: Greening of the Internet. In: Proceedings of the 2003 Conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communications (SIGCOMM ‘03). SIGCOMM ‘03, pp. 19-26, New York, NY, USA, ACM (2003)
17. Teehan, P., Kandlikar, M.: Comparing embodied greenhouse gas emissions of modern computing and electronics products. Environ. Sci. Technol. 47(9), 3997-4003 (2013)
18. Hischier, R., Coroama, V.C., Schien, D., Ahmadi Achachlouei, M.: Grey energy and environmental impacts of ICT hardware. In: Hilty, L.M., Aebischer, B. (eds.) ICT Innovations for Sustainability. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol. 310, pp. 171-189. Springer, Switzerland (2015)
19. Chan, C.A., Gygax, A.F., Wong, E., Leckie, C.A., Nirmalathas, A., Kilper, D.C.: Methodologies for assessing the use-phase power consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of telecommunications network services. Environ. Sci. Technol. 47(1), 485-492 (2012)
20. Roth, K.W., Goldstein, F., Kleinman, J.: Energy consumption by office and telecommunications equipment in commercial buildings—volume I: Energy consumption baseline. Technical report, US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Washington DC (2002)
21. Coffman, K.G., Odlyzko, A.M.: Growth of the Internet. In Kaminow, I., Li, T. (eds.) Systems and Impairments. Volume IV B of Optical Fiber Telecommunications, pp. 17-56, Academic Press (2002)
22. Taylor, C., Koomey, J.: Estimating energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of Internet advertising. Technical Report, IMC2 (2008)
23. Weber, C.L., Koomey, J.G., Matthews, H.S.: The energy and climate change implications of different music delivery methods. J. Ind. Ecol. 14(5), 754-769 (2010)
24. Lanzisera, S., Nordman, B., Brown, R.E.: Data network equipment energy use and savings potential in buildings. Energ. Effi. 5(2), 149-162 (2012)
25. Cisco: Hyperconnectivity and the approaching zettabyte era. Technical report, Cisco, San Jose, CA, USA (2010)
26. Baliga, J., Hinton, K., Tucker, R.S.: Energy consumption of the Internet. In: Proceedings of the Joint International Conferences on Optical Internet and the 32nd Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology, COIN-ACOFT (2007)
27. Baliga, J., Ayre, R., Sorin, W.V., Hinton, K., Tucker, R.S.: Energy consumption in access networks. In: Proceedings of the Optical Fiber Communication Conference and The National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC), Optical Society of America (2008)
28. Kilper, D.C., Atkinson, G., Korotky, S.K., Goyal, S., Vetter, P., Suvakovic, D., Blume, O.: Power trends in communication networks. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 17(2), 275-284 (2011)
29. Schien, D., Preist, C., Yearworth, M., Shabajee, P.: Impact of location on the energy footprint of digital media. In: Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology (ISSST), IEEE, pp. 1-6 (2012)
30. Coroama, V.C., Hilty, L.M.: Assessing Internet energy intensity: a review of methods and results. Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. 45, 63-68 (2014)
31. Schien, D., Shabajee, P., Yearworth, M., Preist, C.: Modeling and assessing variability in energy consumption during the use stage of online multimedia services. J. Ind. Ecol. 17(6), 800-813 (2013)
32. Coroama, V.C., Hilty, L.M., Heiri, E., Horn, F.M.: The direct energy demand of Internet data flows. J. Ind. Ecol. 17(5), 680-688 (2013)
33. Coroama, V.C., Hilty, L.M., Birtel, M.: Effects of Internet-based multiple-site conferences on greenhouse gas emissions. Telematics Inform. 29(4), 362-374 (2012)
34. Rawson, A., Pfleuger, J., Cader, T.: Green grid data center power efficiency metrics: PUE and DCIE. Technical Report White Paper #6, The Green Grid (2008)
35. Stansberry, M., Kudritzki, J.: Data Center industry survey. Technical report. Uptime Institute, London (2012)
36. Moth, J., Norris, M.: GÉANT3 carbon footprint. In: Terena Networking Conference (2010)
37. Schien, D., Shabajee, P., Wood, S.G., Preist, C.: A model for green design of online news media services. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW’13), Republic and Canton of Geneva, Switzerland, International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee, pp. 1111-1122 (2013)
38. EPA: Energy star program requirements for small network equipment. Technical report, US Environmental Protection Agency, November 2013
39. Chandaria, J., Hunter, J., Williams, A.: A comparison of the carbon footprint of digital terrestrial television with video-on-demand. Technical Report WHP 189, British Broadcasting Corporation, London, UK, March 2011
40. Nissen, N.F.: EuP preparatory study lot 6: Standby and off-mode losses—task 3: Consumer behaviour and local infrastructure. Technical Report TREN/D1/40, Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and Microintegration, IZM, Berlin, Berlin, Germany, October 2007