What exactly is it that sleeps? The evolution, regulation, and organization of an emergent network property

Evolution of Sleep: Phylogenetic and Functional Perspectives

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 86-106

  Krueger, James M ^a  

^a WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84927115547     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511642074.005     Document Type: Chapter

References (106)

1. Albensi, B. C., & Mattson, M. P. (2000). Evidence for the involvement of TNF and NF-kappaB in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Synapse, 35,151-159.
2. Basheer, R., Rainnie, D. G., Porkka-Heiskanen, T., Ramesh, V., & McCarley, R. W. (2001). Adenosine, prolonged wakefulness, and A1-activated NF-κB DNA binding in the basal forebrain of the rat. Neuroscience, 104, 731-739.
3. Basheer, R., Strecker, R. E., Thakkar, M. M., & McCarley, R. W. (2004). Adenosine and sleep-wake regulation. Progress in Neurobiology, 73, 379-396.
4. Bazhenov, M., Timofeev, I., Steriade, M., & Sejnowski, T. J. (2002). Model of thalamocortical slow-wave sleep oscillations and transitions to activated states. Journal of Neuroscience, 22, 8691-8704.
5. Beattie, E. C., Stellwagen, D., Morishita, W., Bresnahan, J. C., Ha, B. K., Von Zastrow, et al. (2002). Control of synaptic strength by glial TNF alpha. Science, 295, 2282-2285.
6. Benington, J. H., & Frank, M. G. (2003). Cellular and molecular connection between sleep and synaptic plasticity. Progress in Neurobiology, 69, 71-101.
7. Bianco, F., Pravettoni, E., Colombo, A., Schenk, U., Moller, T., Matteoli, M., et al. (2005). Astrocyte-derived ATP induces vesicle shedding and IL-1 beta release from microglia. Journal of Immunology, 174, 7268-7277.
8. Borbély, A. A., & Tobler, I. (1989). Endogenous sleep-promoting substances and sleep regulation. Physiological Reviews, 69, 605-670.
9. Brandt, J. A., Churchill, L., Rehman, A., Ellis, G., Mémet, S., Israël, A., et al. (2004). Sleep-deprivation increases activation of nuclear factor kappa B in lateral hypothalamic cells. Brain Research, 1004, 91-97.
10. Bredow, S., Taishi, P., Guha-Thakurta, N., Obál, F., Jr, & Krueger, J. M. (1997). Diurnal variations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA and alpha-tubulin mRNA in rat brain. Journal of Neuroimmunomodulation, 4, 84-90.
11. Cavadini, G., Petrzilka, S., Kohler, P., Jud, C., Tobler, I., Birchler, T., et al. (2007). TNF-alpha suppresses the expression of clock genes by interfering with E-box-mediated transcription. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104, 12843-12848.
12. Chen, Z., Gardi, J., Kushikata, T., Fang, J., & Krueger, J. M. (1999). Nuclear factor kappa B-like activity increases in murine cerebral cortex after sleep deprivation. American Journal of Physiology, 45, R1812-R1818.
13. Churchill, L., Rector, D., Yasuda, K., Rojas, M. J., Schactler, S., Fix, C., et al. (2006). Tumor necrosis factor α increases surface evoked potentials in the barrel field by whisker deflection during sleep in rats. Sleep, 29, A12-A13.
14. Churchill, L., Yasuda, K., Yasuda, T., Blindheim, K., Falter, M., Garcia-Garcia, F., et al. (2005). Unilateral cortical application of tumor necrosis factor alpha induces asymmetry in Fosand interleukin-1 beta-immunoreactive cells within the corticothalamic projection. Brain Research, 1055, 15-24.
15. Cottone, L. A., Adamo, D., & Squires, N. K. (2004). The effect of unilateral somatosensory stimulation on hemispheric asymmetries during slow-wave sleep. Sleep, 27, 63-68.
16. Crick, F., & Mitchinson, G. (1983). The function of dream sleep. Nature, 304, 111-114.
17. Darko, D. F., Miller, J. C., Gallen, C., White, J., Koziol, J., Brown, S. J., et al. (1995). Sleep electroencephalogram delta-frequency amplitude, night plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 92, 12080-12084.
18. De, A., Krueger, J. M., & Simasko, S. M. (2003). Tumor necrosis factor alpha increases cytosolic calcium response AMPA and KCl in primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons. Brain Research, 981, 133-142.
19. De, A., Krueger, J. M., & Simasko, S. M. (2005). Glutamate induces expression and release of tumor necrosis factor alpha in cultured hypothalamic cells. Brain Research, 1053, 54-61.
20. Dickstein, J. B., Moldofsky, H., Lue, F. A., & Hay, J. B. (1999). Intracerebroventricular injection of TNF-alpha promotes sleep and is recovered in cervical lymph. American Journal of Physiology, 276, R1018-R1022.
21. Domercq, M., Brambilla, L., Pilati, E., Marchaland, J., Volterra, A., & Bezzi, P. (2006). P2Y1 receptor-evoked glutamate exocytosis from astrocytes control by tumor necrosis factor and prostaglandins. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 281, 30684-30696.
22. Drosopoulos, S., Schulze, C., Fischer, S., & Born, J. (2007). Sleep’s function in the spontaneous recovery and consolidation of memories. Journal of Experimental Psychology -General, 136, 169-183.
23. Drummond, S. P. A., Brown, G. G., Stricker, J. L., Buxton, R. B., Wong, E. C., & Gillin, J. C. (1999). Sleep deprivation-induced reduction in cortical functional response to serial subtraction. NeuroReport, 10, 3745-3748.
24. Edelman, G. H. (1987). Neural Darwinism. New York: Basic Books.
25. Eissner, G., Kolch, W., & Scheurich, P. (2004). Ligands working as receptors; Reverse signaling by members of the TNF superfamily enhance the plasticity of the immune system. Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews, 15, 353-366.
26. Fang, J., Wang, Y., & Krueger, J. M. (1997). Mice lacking the TNF 55 kD receptor fail to sleep more after TNF alpha treatment. Journal of Neuroscience, 17, 5949-5955.
27. Farber, K., & Kettenmann, H. (2006). Purinergic signaling and microglia. Pflügers Archives - European Journal of Physiology, 452, 615-621.
28. Ferrara, M., De Gennaro, L., Curcio, G., Cristiani, R., & Bertini, M. (2002). Interhemispheric asymmetry of human sleep EEG in response to selective slow-wave sleep deprivation. Behavioral Neuroscience, 116, 976-981.
29. Fix, C., Churchill, L., Hall, S., Kirkpatrick, R., Yasuda, T., & Krueger, J. M. (2006). The number of tumor necrosis factor α-immunoreactive cells increases in layer IV of the barrel field in response to whisker deflection in rats. Sleep, 29, A11.
30. Floyd, R. A., & Krueger, J. M. (1997). Diurnal variations of TNF alpha in the rat brain. NeuroReport, 8, 915-918.
31. Foltenyi, K., Greenspan, R. J., & Newport, J. W. (2007). Activation of EGFR and ERK by rhomboid signaling regulates the consolidation and maintenance of sleep in Drosophila. Nature Neuroscience, 10, 1160-1167.
32. Fontaine, V., Mohand-Said, S., Hanoteau, S., Fuchs, C., Pfizenmaier, K., & Eisel, U. (2002). Neurodegenerative and neuroprotective effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in retinal ischemia: Opposite roles of TNF receptor 1 and TNF receptor 2. Journal of Neuroscience, 22, RC216.
33. Frank, M. G., Issa, N. P., & Stryker, M. P. (2001). Sleep enhances plasticity in the developing visual cortex. Neuron, 30, 275-287.
34. Franken, P., Thomason, R., Heller, H. C., & O’Hara, B. F. (2007). A non-circadian role for clock genes in sleep homeostasis: A strain comparison. BMC Neuroscience, 8, 87.
35. Franklin, C. M. (1999). Clinical experience with soluble TNF p75 receptor in rheumatoid arthritis. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 29, 171-181.
36. Gabel, C. A. (2007). P2 purinergic receptor modulation of cytokine production. Purinergic Signalling, 3, 27-38.
37. Hendricks, J. C., Finn, S. M., Panckeri, K. A., Chavkin, J., Williams, J. A., Sehgal, A., et al. (2000). Rest in Drosophila is a sleep-like state. Neuron, 26, 295-298.
38. Hide, I., Tanaka, M., Inoué, A., Nakajima, K., Kohsaka, S., Inoué, K., et al. (2000). Extracellular ATP triggers tumor necrosis factor-alpha release from rat microglia. Journal of Neurochemistry, 75, 965-972.
39. Huber, R., Ghilardi, M. F., Massimini, M., & Tononi, G. (2004). Local sleep and learning. Nature, 430, 78-81.
40. Inoué, S. (1989). Biology of sleep substances. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Inc.
41. Iwasaki, N., Karashima, A., Tamakawa, Y., Katayama, N., & Nakao, M. (2004). Sleep EEG dynamics in rat barrel cortex associated with sensory deprivation. NeuroReport, 15, 2681-2684.
42. Ji, D., & Wilson, M. A. (2007). Coordinated memory replay in the visual cortex and hippocampus during sleep. Nature Neuroscience, 10, 100-107.
43. Jones, B. (2003). Arousal systems. Frontiers in Bioscience, 8, S438-S451.
44. Jouvet, M. (1984). Neuromediateurs et facteurs hypnogenes [Neurotransmitters and hypnogenetic factors]. Revue Neurologique (Paris), 140, 389-400.
45. Kataoka, T., Enomoto, F., Kim, R., Yokoi, H., Fujimori, M., Sakai, Y., et al. (2004). The effect of surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome on the plasma TNF-alpha levels. Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 204, 267-272.
46. Kattler, H., Dijk, D. J., & Borbely, A. A. (1994). Effect of unilateral somatosensory stimulation prior to sleep on the sleep EEG in humans. Journal of Sleep Research, 3, 1599-1604.
47. Kavanau, J. L. (1994). Sleep and dynamic stabilization of neural circuitry: A review and synthesis. Behavioral Brain Research, 63, 111-126.
48. Kavanau, J. L. (2005). Evolutionary approaches to understanding sleep. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 9, 141-152.
49. Kavanau, J. L. (2006). Is sleep’s –supreme mystery— unraveling? An evolutionary analysis of sleep encounters no mystery; nor does life’s earliest sleep, recently discovered in jellyfish. Medical Hypotheses, 66, 3-9.
50. Koch, C. (2004). The quest for consciousness. Englewood, CO: Roberts and Company.
51. Kristiansen, K., & Courtois, G. (1949). Rhythmic activity from isolated cerebral cortex EEG. Clinical Neurophysiology, 1, 265-272.
52. Krueger, J. M., & Obál, F., Jr. (1994). Sleep Factors. In N. A. Saunders & C. E. Sullivan (Eds.), Sleep and breathing (pp. 79-112). New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.
53. Krueger, J. M., & Obál, F., Jr. (1993). A neuronal group theory of sleep function. Journal of Sleep Research, 2, 63-69.
54. Krueger, J. M., & Obál, F., Jr. (2003). Sleep function. Frontiers in Bioscience, 8, 511-519.
55. Krueger, J. M., Rector, D. M., & Churchill, L. (2007). Sleep and cytokines. Sleep Medicine Clinics, 2, 161-170.
56. Kubota, T., Fang, J., Guan, Z., Brown, R. A., & Krueger, J. M. (2001). Vagotomy attenuates tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced sleep and EEG delta-activity in rats. American Journal of Physiology, 280, R1213-R1220.
57. Kubota, T., Kushikata, T., Fang, J., & Krueger, J. M. (2000). Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) inhibitor peptide inhibits spontaneous and interleukin-1β-induced sleep. American Journal of Physiology, 279, R404-R413.
58. Kubota, T., Li, N., Guan, Z., Brown, R. A., & Krueger, J. M. (2002). Intrapreoptic microinjection of TNF-alpha enhances non-REMS in rats. Brain Research, 932, 37-44.
59. Kushikata, T., Fang, J., Chen, Z., Wang, Y., & Krueger, J. M. (1998). Epidermal growth factor (EGF) enhances spontaneous sleep in rabbits. American Journal of Physiology, 275, R509-R514.
60. Ledgerwood, E. C., Pober, J. S., & Bradley, J. R. (1999). Recent advances in the molecular basis of TNF signal transduction. Laboratory Investigation, 79, 1041-1050.
61. Mahowald, M. W., & Schenck, C. H. (2005). Insights from studying human sleep disorders. Nature, 437, 1279-1285.
62. Majde, J. A., & Krueger, J. M. (2005). Links between the innate immune system and sleep. Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 116, 1188-1198.
63. Malinow, R., & Malenka, R. C. (2002). AMPA receptor trafficking and synaptic plasticity. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 25, 103-126.
64. Maquet, P. (2004). A role for sleep in the processing of memory traces. Contribution of functional neuroimaging in humans. Bulletin et mémories de l’Académie royale de médicine de Belgique, 159, 167-170.
65. Maquet, P. (2001). The role of sleep in learning and memory. Science, 294, 1048-1052.
66. Marks, G. A., & Shaffery, J. P., Oksenberg, A., Speciale, S. G., Roffwarg, H. P. (1995). A functional role for REM sleep in brain maturation. Behav Brain Res, 69, 1-11.
67. Mascetti, G. G., Rugger, M., Vallortigara, G., Boddo, D. (2007). Monocular-unihemispheric sleep and visual discrimination learning in the domestic chick. Exp Brain Res 176, 70-84.
68. McGinty, D., Szymusiak, R. (2003). Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and arousal. Front Biosci 8, d1074-d1083.
69. Miller, T. B., Goodrich, C. A., Pappenheimer, J. R. (1967). Sleep-promoting effects of cerebrospinal fluid from sleep-deprived goats. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 58, 513-517.
70. Miyamoto, H., Katagiri, H., & Hensch, T. (2003). Experience-dependent slow-wave sleep development. Nat Neurosci 6, 553-554.
71. Montagna, P. (2005). Fatal familial insomnia: A model disease in sleep physiopathology. Sleep Med Rev 9, 339-353.
72. Mukhametov, L. M., (1984). Sleep in marine mammals. Expt Brain Res 8, 227-238.
73. Mullington, J., Korth, C., Hermann, D. M., Orth, A., Galanos, C., Holsboer, F., et al. (2003). Biochemical regulation of non-rapid eye movement sleep. Frontiers in Bioscience, 8, 520-550.
74. Mullington, J., Korth, C., Hermann, D. M., Orth, A., Galanos, C., Holsboer, F., et al. (2000). Dose-dependent effects of endotoxin on human sleep. American Journal of Physiology, 278, R947-R955.
75. Obál, F., Jr., & Krueger, J. M. (2003). Biochemical regulation of non-rapid eye movement sleep. Frontiers in Bioscience, 8, 520-550.
76. Opp, M. R. (2005). Cytokines and sleep. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 9, 355-364.
77. Puccioni-Sohler, M., Rieckmann, P., Kitze, B., Lange, P., Albrecht, M., & Flegenhauer, K. (1995). A soluble form of tumor necrosis factor receptor in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of HTVLV-1-associated myelopathy and other neurological diseases. Neurology, 242, 239-242.
78. Rattenborg, N. C., Amlaner, C. J., & Lima, S. L. (2001). Unilateral eye closure and interhemispheric EEG asymmetry during sleep in the pigeon (Columba livia). Brain, Behavior & Evolution, 58, 323-332.
79. Rector, D. M., Topchiy, I., & Rojas, M. (2005a). Local cortical column activity states and localized delta wave differences. Sleep, 28, A26.
80. Rector, D. M., Topchiy, I. A., Carter, K. M., & Rojas, M. J. (2005b). Local functional state differences between rat cortical columns. Brain Research, 1047, 45-55.
81. Rehman, A., Taishi, P., Fang, J., Majde, J. A., & Krueger, J. M. (2001). The cloning of a rat peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) and its induction in brain by sleep deprivation. Cytokine, 13, 8-17.
82. Riha, R. L., Brander, P., Vennelle, M., McArdle, N., Kerr, S. M., Anderson, N. H., et al. (2005). Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (308) gene polymorphism in obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome. European Respiratory Journal, 26, 673-678.
83. Saper, C. B., Scammell, T. E., & Lu, J. (2005). Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms. Nature, 437, 1257-1263.
84. Sauer, S., Herrmann, E., & Kaiser, W. (2004). Sleep deprivation in honeybees. Journal of Sleep Research, 13, 145-152.
85. Sauer, S., Kinkelin, M., Herrmann, E., & Kaiser, W. (2003). The dynamics of sleep-like behaviour in honeybees. Journal of Comparative Physiology, Series A, 189, 599-607.
86. Shoham, S., Davenne, D., Cady, A. B., Dinarello, C. A., & Krueger, J. M. (1987). Recombinant tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 enhance slow-wave sleep. American Journal of Physiology, 253, R142-R149.
87. Siegel, J. M. (2005). Clues to the functions of mammalian sleep. Nature, 437, 1264-1271.
88. Sookoian, S. C., Gonzalez, C., & Pirola, C. J. (2005). Meta-analysis on the G-308A tumor necrosis factor alpha gene variant and phenotypes associated with the metabolic syndrome. Obesity Research, 13, 2122-2131.
89. Spiegel, K., Knutson, K., Leproult, R., Tasali, E., & Van Cauter, E. (2005). Sleep loss: A novel risk factor for insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. Journal of Applied Physiology, 99, 2008-2019.
90. Stellwagen, D., & Malenka, R. C. (2006). Synaptic scaling mediated by glial TNF-alpha. Nature, 440, 1054-1059.
91. Steriade, M. (2003). The corticothalamic system in sleep. Frontiers in Bioscience, 8, d878-d899.
92. Suzuki, T., Hide, I., Ido, K., Kohsaka, S., Inoué, K., & Nakata, Y. (2004). Production and release of neuroprotective tumor necrosis factor by P2X7 receptor-activated microglia. Journal of Neuroscience, 24, 1-7.
93. Taishi, P., Churchill, L., Wang, M., Kay, D., Davis, C. J., Guan, X., et al. (2007). TNFα siRNA reduces brain TNF and EEG delta wave activity in rats. Brain Research, 1156, 125-132.
94. Taishi, P., Gardi, J., Chen, Z., Fang, J., & Krueger, J. M. (1999). Sleep deprivation increases the expression of TNF alpha mRNA and TNF 55kD receptor mRNA in rat brain. The Physiologist, 42, A4.
95. Takahashi, S., & Krueger, J. M. (1997). Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor preventswarming-induced sleep responses in rabbits. American Journal of Physiology, 272, R1325-R1329.
96. Terao, A., Matsumura, H., Yoneda, H., & Saito, M. (1998). Enhancement of slow-wave sleep by tumor necrosis factor-alpha is mediated by cyclo-oxygenase-2 in rats. NeuroReport, 9, 3791-3796.
97. Tobler, I. (2005). Phylogeny of sleep regulation. In M. H. Kryger, T. Roth, & W. C. Dement (Eds.), Principles and practice of sleep medicine (pp. 70-90). Philadelphia: Elsevier.
98. Tononi, G., & Cirelli, C. (2006). Sleep function and synaptic homeostasis. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 10, 49-62.
99. Vgontzas, A. N., Zoumakis, E., Lin, H. M., Bixler, E. O., Trakada, G., & Chrousos, G. P. (2004). Marked decrease in sleepiness in patients with sleep apnea by etanercept, a tumor necrosis factor-α antagonist. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 89, 4409-4413.
100. Vyazovskiy, V., Borbély, A. A., & Tobler, I. (2000). Unilateral vibrissae stimulation during waking induces interhemispheric EEG asymmetry during subsequent sleep in the rat. Journal of Sleep Research, 9, 367-371.
101. Walker, A. J., Topchiy, I., Kouptsov, K., & Rector, D. M. (2005). ERP differences during conditioned lick response in the rat. Sleep, 28, A15.
102. Williams, J. A., Sathyanarayanan, S., Hendricks, J. C., & Sehgal, A. (2007). Interaction between sleep and the immune response in Drosophila: A role for the NFkB relish. Sleep, 30, 389-401.
103. Yang, L., Lindholm, K., Konishi, Y., Li, R., & Shen, Y. (2002). Target depletion of distinct tumor necrosis factor receptor subtypes reveals hippocampal neuron death and survival through different signal transduction pathways. Journal of Neuroscience, 22, 3025-3032.
104. Yasuda, T., Yasuda, K., Brown, R. A., & Krueger, J. M. (2005). State-dependent effects of light-dark cycle on somatosensory and visual cortex EEG in rats. American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative & Comparative Physiology, 289, R1083-R1089.
105. Yoshida, H., Peterfi, Z., Garcia-Garcia, F., Garcia-Garcia, F., Kirkpatrick, R., Yasuda, T., et al. (2004). State-specific asymmetries in EEG slow-wave activity induced by local application of TNF alpha. Brain Research, 1009, 129-136.
106. Yu, Z., Cheng, G., Wen, X., Wu, G. D., Lee, W. T., & Pleasure, D. (2002). Tumor necrosis factor alpha increases neuronal vulnerability to excitotoxic necrosis by inducing expression of the AMPA-glutamate receptor subunit GluR1 via an acid sphingomyelinase- and NF-kappaB-dependent mechanism. Neurobiology of Disorders, 11, 199-213.