Fortified human milk for premature infants

Neonatal Nutrition and Metabolism, Second Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 401-408

  Schanler, Richard J ^a,b  

^a NORTH SHORE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84927023287     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511544712.028     Document Type: Chapter

References (51)

1. Ziegler, E. E., O’Donnell, A. M., Nelson, S. E., Fomon, S. J. Body composition of the reference fetus. Growth1976;40:329-41.
2. Atkinson, S. A. The effects of gestational stage at delivery on human milk components. In: Jensen, R. G., ed. Handbook of Milk Composition. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 1995:222-37.
3. Aquilio, E., Spagnoli, R., Seri, S., Bottone, G., Spennati, G., Trace element content in human milk during lactation of pretermnewborns. Biol. Trace Elem. Res.1996;51:63-70.
4. Friel, J. K., Andrews, W. L., Jackson, S. E. et al. Elemental composition of human milk from mothers of premature and fullterminfants during the first 3 months of lactation. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 1999;67:225-47.
5. Perrone, L., Di Palma, L., Di Toro, R., Gialanella, G., Moro, R. Interaction of trace elements in a longitudinal study ofhuman milk from full-term and preterm mothers. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 1994;41:321-30.
6. Nutrition Committee and Canadian Paediatric Society. Nutrient needs and feeding of premature infants. Can.Med. Assoc. J.1995;152:1765-85.
7. Schanler, R. J. The use of human milk for premature infants. Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. 2001;48:207-20.
8. Polberger, S. Quality of growth in preterm neonates fed individually fortified human milk. In: Battaglia, F. C., Pedraz, C., Sawatzki, G. et al., eds.Maternal and Extrauterine Nutritional Factors. Their Influence on Fetal and Infant Growth. Madrid: Ediciones Ergon SA; 1996: 395-403.
9. Neville, M.C., Keller, R.P., Seacat, J. et al.Studiesonhumanlactation. I.Within-feedandbetween-breast variation in selected componentsofhumanmilk.Am. J.Clin.Nutr. 1984;40:635-46.
10. Valentine, C. J., Hurst, N. M., Schanler, R. J. Hindmilk improves weight gain in low-birth-weight infants fed human milk. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 1994;18:474-7.
11. Greer, F. R., McCormick, A. Improved bone mineralization and growth in premature infants fed fortified own mother’s milk. J. Pediatr. 1988;112:961-9.
12. Schanler, R. J. Special methods in feeding the preterminfant. In: Tsang, R. C., Nichols, B. L., eds. Nutrition during Infancy. Philadelphia, Pa: Hanley & Belfus; 1988:314-25.
13. Weber, A., Loui, A., Jochum, F., Bührer, C., Obladen, M. Breast milk from mothers of very low birthweight infants: variability in fat and protein content. Acta Pædiatr. 2001;90:772-5.
14. Atkinson, S. A., Bryan, M. H., Anderson, G. H. Human milk feeding in premature infants: protein, fat and carbohydrate balances in the first two weeks of life. J. Pediatr. 1981;99:6l7-24.
15. Atkinson, S. A., Radde, I. C., Anderson, G. H. Macromineral balances in premature infants fed their own mothers’ milk or formula. J. Pediatr.1983;102:99-106.
16. Cooper, P. A., Rothberg, A. D., Pettifor, J. M., Bolton, K. D., Devenhuis, S. Growthandbiochemical response of premature infants fed pooled pretermmilk or special formula. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr.1984;3:749-54.
17. Kashyap, S., Schulze, K. F., Forsyth, M. et al.Growth, nutrient retention, andmetabolic response of low-birth-weight infants fed supplemented and unsupplemented preterm human milk. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1990;52:254-62.
18. Gross, S. J. Growth and biochemical response of preterm infants fed human milk or modified infant formula. N. Engl. J. Med. 1983; 308:237-41.
19. Polberger, S. K. T., Axelsson, I. A., Räihä, N. C. R. Urinary and serum urea as indicators of protein metabolism in very low birthweight infants fed varying human milk protein intakes. Acta Paediatr. Scand. 1990;79:737-42.
20. Rowe, J. C., Wood, D. H., Rowe, D. W., Raisz, L. G. Nutritional hypophosphatemic rickets in a premature infant fed breast milk. N. Engl. J.Med. 1979;300:293-6.
21. Pettifor, J. M., Rajah, R., Venter, A. Bone mineralization and mineral homeostasis in very low-birth-weight infants fed either human milk or fortified human milk. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 1989;8:217-24.
22. Lucas, A., Brooke, O. G., Baker, B. A., Bishop, N., Morley, R. High alkalinephosphataseactivityandgrowthinpretermneonates. Arch. Dis. Child. 1989;64:902-9.
23. Fewtrell, M. S., Cole, T. J., Bishop, N. J., Lucas, A. Neonatal factors predicting childhood height in preterm infants: evidence for a persisting effect of early metabolic bone disease? J. Pediatr. 2000;137:668-73.
24. Roy, R. N., Chance, G.W., Radde, I. C. et al.Late hyponatremia in very low birthweight infants. Pediatr. Res. 1976; 10:526-3l.
25. Polberger, S. K. T., Axelsson, I. A., Räihä, N. C. R. Growth of very low birth weight infants on varying amounts of human milk protein. Pediatr. Res. 1989;25:414-19.
26. Kuschel, C. A., Harding, J. E. Protein supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library. 2005.
27. Polberger, S., Räihä, N. C., Juvonen, P. et al.Individualized protein fortification of human milk for preterminfants: comparison of ultrafiltrated human milk protein and a bovine whey fortifier. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 1999;29:332-8.
28. Schanler, R. J., Garza, C. Improved mineral balance in very low birth weight infants fed fortified human milk. J. Pediatr. 1987;112:452-6.
29. Kuschel, C. A., Harding, J. E. Multicomponent fortified human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library. 2005.
30. Kumar, S. P., Sacks, L. M. Hyponatremia in very lowbirth-weight infants and human milk feedings. J. Pediatr. 1978;93:1026-7.
31. Schanler, R. J., Shulman, R. J., Lau, C. Feeding strategies for premature infants: beneficial outcomes of feeding fortified human milk vs pretermformula. Pediatrics1999;103:1150-7.
32. Wauben, I. P., Atkinson, S. A., Grad, T. L., Shah, J. K., Paes, B. Moderate nutrient supplementation of mother’s milk for preterminfants support adequate bone mass and short-term growth: a randomized, controlled trial. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1998;67:465-72.
33. Lucas, A., Fewtrell, M. S., Morley, R. et al.Randomized outcometrial ofhumanmilkfortificationanddevelopmentaloutcome in preterminfants. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1996;64:142-51.
34. Schanler, R. J., Abrams, S. A. Postnatal attainment of intrauterine macromineral accretion rates in low birth weight infants fed fortified human milk. J. Pediatr. 1995;126:441-7.
35. Schanler, R. J., Henderson, T. R., Hamosh, M. Fatty acid soaps may be responsible for poor fat absorption in premature infants fed fortified human milk. Pediatr. Res.1999; 45:290A.
36. Chappell, J. E., Clandinin, M.T., Kearney-Volpe, C., Reichman, B., Swyer, P.W. Fatty acid balance studies in premature infants fed human milk or formula: effect of calcium supplementation. J. Pediatr.1986;108:439-47.
37. Porcelli, P., Schanler, R., Greer, F. et al.Growth in human milkfed very low birth weight infants receiving a new human milk fortifier. Ann. Nutr.Metab. 2000;44:2-10.
38. Barrett-Reis, B., Hall, R. T., Schanler, R. J. et al.Enhanced growthofpreterminfantsfedanewpowderedhumanmilkfortifier: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics2000;106:581-8.
39. Ewer, A. K., Yu, V. Y. H. Gastric emptying in pre-term infants: the effect of breast milk fortifier. Acta Paediatr. 1996;85:1112-15.
40. McClure, R. J., Newell, S. J. Effect of fortifying breast milk on gastric emptying. Arch. Dis. Child. 1996;74:F60-2.
41. Hylander, M. A., Strobino, D. M., Pezzullo, J. C., Dhanireddy, R. Association of human milk feedings with a reduction in retinopathy of prematurity among very low birthweight infants. J. Perinatol. 2001;21:356-62.
42. Schanler, R. J.Humanmilk fortification for premature infants. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1996;64:249-50.
43. Jocson, M. A. L., Mason, E. O., Schanler, R. J. The effects of nutrient fortification and varying storage conditions on host defense properties of human milk. Pediatrics1997;100:240-3.
44. Quan, R., Yang, C., Rubinstein, S. et al.The effect of nutritional additives on anti-infective factors in human milk. Clin. Pediatr. 1994;33:325-8.
45. Fenton, T. R., Tough, S. C., Belik, J. Breast milk supplementation for preterm infants: parental preferences and postdischarge lactation duration. Am. J. Perinatol. 2000;17:329-33.
46. Schanler, R. J., Abrams, S. A., Garza, C. Bioavailability of calcium and phosphorus in human milk fortifiers and formula for very low birth weight infants. J. Pediatr. 1988;113:95-100.
47. Greer, F. R., McCormick, A. Improved bone mineralization and growth in premature infants fed fortified own mother’s milk. J. Pediatr. 1988;112:961-9.
48. Berseth, C. L., Van Aerde, J. E., Gross, S., Stolz, S. I., Haris, C. L., Honsen, J. W. Growth, efficacy, and safety of feeding an iron-fortified human milk fortifier. Pediatrics2004;114:e699-e706.
49. Schanler, R. J., Atkinson, S. A., Human milk. In: Tsang, R. C., Koletzka, B., Uauy, R., Zlotkin, S. (eds.).Nutrition of thePreterm Infant, Scientific Basis and Practical Guidelines, 2nd edn.Digital Educational Publishing, Cincinnati: 2005.
50. Schanler, R. J., Lau, C., Hurst, N. M., Smith, E. O. Randomized trial of donor human milk versus preterm formula as substitutes for mothers’ own milk in the feeding of extremely premature infants. Pediatrics2005;116:400-6.
51. Santiago, M., Codipilly, C., Potak, D., Schanler, R. J. Effect of human milk fortifiers on bacterial growth in human milk. J. Perinatol. 2005;25(10):647-9.