Feeding strategies for premature infants: Beneficial outcomes of feeding fortified human milk versus preterm formula

Pediatrics

Volumn 103, Issue 6 I, 1999, Pages 1150-1157

  Schanler, Richard J ^a,b   Shulman, Robert J ^a   Lau, Chantal ^a  

^a BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Fortified human milk; Nutritional support; Premature infants; Preterm formula

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL MILK; BREAST MILK; CHILD GROWTH; CONTROLLED STUDY; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT FUNCTION; HOST RESISTANCE; HUMAN; INFANT; INFANT FEEDING; LIPID ABSORPTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MILK PRODUCTION; NUTRIENT; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; PREMATURITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SKINFOLD THICKNESS; WEIGHT GAIN;

ANIMALS; BIRTH WEIGHT; BREAST FEEDING; FEMALE; FOOD, FORMULATED; GESTATIONAL AGE; HUMANS; INFANT NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGY; INFANT, NEWBORN; INFANT, PREMATURE; MALE; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0032999290     PISSN: 00314005     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1542/peds.103.6.1150     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. American Academy of Pediatrics, Work Group on Breastfeeding. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics. 1997;100:1035-1039
2. Schanler RJ. Suitability of human milk for the low birthweight infant. Clin Perinatol. 1995;22:207-222
3. Atkinson SA, Radde IC, Anderson GH. Macromineral balances in premature infants fed their own mothers' milk or formula. J Pediatr. 1983; 102:99-106
4. Brooke OG, Onubogu O, Heath R, Carter ND. Human milk and preterm formula compared for effects on growth and metabolism. Arch Dis Child. 1987;62:917-923
5. Cooper PA, Rothberg AD, Pettifor JM, Bolton KD, Devenhuis S. Growth and biochemical response of premature infants fed pooled preterm milk or special formula. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1984;3:749-754
6. Atkinson SA, Bryan MH, Anderson GH. Human milk feeding in premature infants: protein, fat and carbohydrate balances in the first two weeks of life. J Pediatr. 1981;99:617-624
7. Davies DP. Adequacy of expressed breast milk for early growth of preterm infants. Arch Dis Child. 1977;52:296-301
8. Kashyap S, Schulze KF, Forsyth M, Dell RB, Ramakrishnan R, Heird WC. Growth, nutrient retention, and metabolic response of low-birth-weight infants fed supplemented and unsupplemented preterm human milk. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990;52:254-262
9. Contreras-Lemus J, Flores-Huerta S, Cisneros-Silva I, et al. Decreased morbidity in preterm neonates fed their own mothers' milk. Biol Med Hosp Infant Mex. 1992;49:671-677
10. Stein H, Cohen D, Herman AAB. Pooled pasteurized breast milk and untreated own mother's milk in the feeding of very low birth weight babies: a randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1986; 5:242-247
11. Rowe JC, Wood DH, Rowe DW, Raisz LG. Nutritional hypophosphatemic rickets in a premature infant fed breast milk. N Engl J Med. 1979;300:293-296
12. Lucas A, Brooke OG, Baker BA, Bishop N, Morley R. High alkaline phosphatase activity and growth in preterm neonates. Arch Dis Child. 1989;64:902-909
13. Ziegler EE, O'Donnell AM, Nelson SE, Fomon SJ. Body composition of the reference fetus. Growth. 1976;40:329-341
14. Greer FR, McCormick A. Improved bone mineralization and growth in premature infants fed fortified own mother's milk. J Pediatr. 1988;112: 961-969
15. Ronnholm KAR, Perheentupa J, Siimes MA. Supplementation with human milk protein improves growth of small premature infants fed human milk. Pediatrics. 1986;77:649-653
16. Jocson MAL, Mason EO, Schanler RJ. The effects of nutrient fortification and varying storage conditions on host defense properties of human milk. Pediatrics. 1997;100:240-243
17. Quan R, Yang C, Rubinstein S, Lewiston NJ, Stevenson DK, Kerner JA. The effect of nutritional additives on anti-infective factors in human milk. Clin Pediatr. 1994;33:325-328
18. Lucas A, Fewtrell MS, Morley R, et al. Randomized outcome trial of human milk fortification and developmental outcome in preterm infants. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996;64:142-151
19. Schanler RJ. Human milk fortification for premature infants. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996;64:249-250
20. Schanler RJ, Shulman RJ, Lau C, Smith EO, Heitkemper MM. Feeding strategies for premature infants: randomized trial of gastrointestinal priming and tube-feeding method. Pediatrics. 1999;103:434-439
21. Schanler RJ. The low birth weight infant: perinatal nutrition. In: Walker WA, Watkins JB. eds. Nutrition in Pediatrics: Basic Science and Clinical Applications. Hamilton, Ontario, Canada: BC Decker Inc; 1996:387-407
22. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Fetus and Newborn. Hospital discharge of the high-risk neonate: proposed guidelines Pediatrics. 1998;102:411-417
23. Hurst NM, Myatt A, Schanler RJ. Growth and development of a hospital-based lactation program and mother's own milk bank. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 1998;27:503-510
24. Schanler RJ, Abrams SA. Postnatal attainment of intrauterine macromineral accretion rates in low birth weight infants fed fortified human milk. J Pediatr. 1995;126:441-447
25. Michaelsen KF, Skov L, Badsberg JH, Jorgensen M. Short-term measurement of linear growth in preterm infants: validation of a hand-held knemometer. Pediatr Res. 1991;30:464-468
26. Stoll BJ, Gordon T, Korones SB, et al. Late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: a report from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. J Pediatr. 1996; 129:63-71
27. Wauben IP, Atkinson SA, Grad TL, Shah JK, Paes B. Moderate nutrient supplementation of mother's milk for preterm infants supports adequate bone mass and short-term growth: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;67:465-472
28. Abrams SA, Schanler RJ, Garza C. Bone mineralization in former very low birth weight infants fed either human milk or commercial formula. J Pediatr. 1988;112:956-962
29. Abrams SA, Schanler RJ, Tsang RC, Garza C. Bone mineralization in former very low birth weight infants fed either human milk or commercial formula: one year follow-up observation. J Pediatr. 1989;114: 1041-1044
30. Schanler RJ, Garza C. Improved mineral balance in very low birth weight infants fed fortified human milk. J Pediatr. 1987;112:452-456
31. Kumar SP, Sacks LM. Hyponatremia in very low-birth-weight infants and human milk feedings. J Pediatr. 1978;93:1026-1027
32. Roy RN, Chance GW, Radde IC, Hill DE, Willis DM, Sheepers J. Late hyponatremia in very low birthweight infants. Pediatr Res. 1976;526-531
33. Polberger SKT, Axelsson IA, Raiha NCR. Growth of very low birth weight infants on varying amounts of human milk protein. Pediatr Res. 1989;25:414-419
34. Schanler RJ, Burns PA, Abrams SA, Garza C. Bone mineralization outcomes in human milk-fed preterm infants. Pediatr Res. 1992;31: 583-586
35. Metcalf R, Dilena B, Gibson R, Marshall P, Simmer K. How appropriate are commercially available human milk fortifiers? J Paediatr Child Health. 1994;30:350-355
36. Lucas A, Cole TJ. Breast milk and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Lancet. 1990;336:1519-1523
37. El-Mohandes AE, Picard MB, Simmens SJ, Keiser JF. Use of human milk in the intensive care nursery decreases the incidence of nosocomial sepsis. J Perinatol. 1998;17:130-134
38. Hylander MA, Strobino DM, Dhanireddy R. Human milk feedings and infection among very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 1998;102(3). URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/102/3/e38
39. Eibl MM, Wolf HM, Furnkranz H, Rosenkranz A. Prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in low-birth-weight infants by IgA-IgG feeding. N Engl J Med. 1988;319:1-7
40. Goldman AS. Immunologic system in human milk. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1986;5:343-345
41. Goldman AS, Frawley S. Bioactive components of milk. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 1996;1:241-242
42. Kleinman RE, Walker WA. The enteromammary immune system. Dig Dis Sci. 1979;24:876-882
43. Tessier R, Cristo M, Velez S, et al. Kangaroo mother care and the bonding hypothesis. Pediatrics. 1998;102(2). URL: http://www. pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/102/2/e17
44. Whyte RK, Campbell D, Stanhope R, Bayley HS, Sinclair JC. Energy balance in low birth weight infants fed formula of high or low medium-chain triglyceride content. J Pediatr. 1986;108:964-971
45. Chappell JE, Clandinin MT, Kearney-Volpe C, Reichman B, Sawyer PW. Fatty acid balance studies in premature infants fed human milk or formula: effect of calcium supplementation. J Pediatr. 1986;108:439-447
46. Boehm G, Muller DM, Senger H, Borte M, Moro G. Nitrogen and fat balances in very low birth weight infants fed human milk fortified with human milk or bovine milk protein. Eur J Pediatr. 1993;152:236-239
47. Kildeberg P, Engel K, Winters RW. Balance of net acid in growing infants. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1969;58:321-329