Moderate nutrient supplementation of mother's milk for preterm infants supports adequate bone mass and short-term growth: A randomized, controlled trial

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Volumn 67, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 465-472

  Wauben, Ine P ^a   Atkinson, Stephanie A ^a   Grad, Terri L ^a   Shah, Jay K ^a   Paes, Bosco ^a  

^a MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Bone mineral content; Calcium glycerophosphate; Growth; Mother's milk; Multinutrient fortifier; Preterm infants; Women

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM; GLYCEROPHOSPHATE; MULTINUTRIENT FORTIFIER; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL MILK; BONE MINERAL; BREAST MILK; CALCIUM INTAKE; CHILD GROWTH; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DUAL ENERGY X RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; HUMAN; INFANT; LEAN BODY WEIGHT; NEWBORN; NITROGEN BALANCE; PREMATURITY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; WEIGHT GAIN;

EID: 0031913224     PISSN: 00029165     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/67.3.465     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Schanler RJ. Suitability of human milk for the low birthweight infant. Clin Perinatol 1995;22:207-22.
2. Heine W. Is mother's milk the most suitable food for very low birth weight infants? Early Hum Dev 1992;29:345-50.
3. Steer PA, Lucas A, Sinclair JC. Feeding the low birthweight infant. In: Sinclair JC, Bracken MB. eds. Effective care of the newborn infant. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992:94-140.
4. WHO Working Group on Infant Growth. An evaluation of infants growth: the use and interpretation of anthropometry in infants. Bull World Health Organ 1995;73:165-74.
5. Lucas A, Fewtrell MS, Morley R, et al. Randomized outcome trial of human milk fortification and developmental outcome in preterm infants. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;64:142-51.
6. Goldman HI, Freudenthal R, Holland B, Karelitz S. Clinical effects of two different levels of protein intake on low-birth-weight infants. J Pediatr 1969;74:881-9.
7. Koo WWK, Tsang RC. Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and vitamin D. In: Tsang RC, Lucas A, Uauy R, Zlotkin S, eds. Nutritional needs of the premature infant - scientific basis and practical guidelines. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1993:135-56.
8. Schanler RJ, Abrams SA. Postnatal attainment of intrauterine macromineral accretion rates in low birth weight infants fed fortified human milk. J Pediatr 1995;126:441-7.
9. Wauben IPM, Atkinson SA, Grad TL, Shah JK, Paes B. Calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP) as Ca/P salt in a new fortifier for the preterm infant: measurements of mineral balances, bone mineralization and growth. Pediatr Res 1994;35:322 (abstr).
10. Manning RM, Mitchell MK, Atkinson SA. In vitro solubility of calcium glycerophosphate versus conventional mineral salts in pediatric parenteral nutrition solutions. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1989;9:67-72.
11. Dauncey MJ, Shaw JCL, Urman J. The absorption and retention of magnesium, zinc and copper by low birth weight infants fed pasteurized human breast milk. Pediatr Res 1977;11:991-7.
12. Friel JK, Andrews WL, Matthew JD, et al. Zinc supplementation in very-low-birth-weight infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1993; 17:97-104.
13. Atkinson SA, Brunton JA, Weiler HA, et al. Pattern of growth and body composition in premature infants compared to term infants during the first six months corrected age. FASEB J 1994;8:278 (abstr).
14. Senterre J, Salle B. Calcium and phosphorus economy of the preterm infant and its interaction with vitamin D and its metabolites. Acta Paediatr Scand 1992;96:85-92.
15. Brunton JA, Weiler HA, Atkinson SA. Improvement in the accuracy of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry for whole body and regional analysis of body composition: validation using piglets and methodological considerations in infants. Pediatr Res 1997;41:590-6.
16. Mazess RB, Barden HS, Bisek JP, Hanson J, Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for total-body and regional bone-mineral and soft-tissue composition. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;51:1106-12.
17. Atkinson SA, Bryan MH, Anderson GH. Human milk feeding in premature infants: protein, fat and carbohydrate balances in the first two weeks of life. J Pediatr 1981;99:617-24.
18. Fiske CH, Subbarow Y. The colorimetric determination of phosphorus. J Biol Chem 1925;66:375-8.
19. Blidner IN, McClemonts, Anderson GD, Sinclair JC. Size-at-birth standards for an urban Canadian population. Can Med Assoc J 1984;130:133-40.
20. Ziegler EE, O'Donnell AM, Nelson SE, Fomon SJ. Body composition of the reference fetus. Growth 1976;40:329-41.
21. Nutrition Committee, Canadian Pediatric Society. Nutrient needs and feeding of premature infants. Can Med Assoc J 1995; 152:1765-83.
22. Pettifor JM, Rajah R, Venter A, et al. Bone mineralization and mineral homeostasis in very low-birth-weight infants fed either human milk or fortifier human milk. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1989;8:217-24.
23. Venkataraman PS, Blick KE. Effect of mineral supplementation of human milk on bone mineral content and trace element metabolism. J Pediatr 1988;113:220-4.
24. Gross SJ. Bone mineralization in preterm infants fed human milk with and without mineral supplementation. J Pediatr 1987; 111:450-8.
25. Greer FR, McCormick A. Improved bone mineralization and growth in premature infants fed fortified own mother's milk. J Pediatr 1988;112:961-9.
26. Salle BL, Glorieux FH. Assessment of bone mineral content in infants: the new age. Acta Pediatr 1993;82:709-10.
27. Braillon PM, Salle BL, Brunet J, Glorieux FH, Delmas PD, Meunier PJ. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measurement of bone mineral content in newborns: validation of the technique. Pediatr Res 1992;32:77-80.
28. Carey DE, Rowe JC, Goetz CA, Horak E, Clark RM, Goldberg B. Growth and phosphorus metabolism in premature infants fed human milk, fortifier human milk, or special premature formula. Am J Dis Child 1987;141:511-5.
29. Calvo MS, Eyre DR, Gundberg CM. Molecular basis and clinical application of biological markers of bone turnover. Endocr Rev 1996;17:333-68.
30. Lucas A. Enteral nutrition. In: Tsang RC, Lucas A, Uauy R, Zlotkin S, eds. Nutritional needs of the premature infant - scientific basis and practical guidelines. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1993: 209-24.
31. Kashyap S, Schulze KF, Forsyth M, Dell RB, Ramakrishnan R, Heird WC, Growth, nutrient retention, and metabolic response of low-birth-weight infants fed supplemented and unsupplemented preterm human milk. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;52:254-62.
32. Mondanlou HD, Lim MO, Hansen JW, Sickles V, Growth, biochemical status, and mineral metabolism in very-low-birth-weight infants receiving fortified preterm human milk. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1986;5:762-7.
33. Atkinson SA, Shah JK, Webber CE, Gibson IL, Gibson RS. A multi-element isotopic tracer assessment of true fractional absorption of minerals from formula with additives of calcium, phosphorus, zinc, copper and iron in young piglets. J Nutr 1993;123:1586-93.
34. Atkinson SA, Brunton J, Paes B, et al. Calcium and phosphorus fortification of mother's milk and formula for premature infants: metabolic balance of calcium, phosphorus and zinc at two postnatal ages. FASEB J 1990;4:1393 (abstr).
35. Venkararaman PS, Ahluwalia BW. Total bone mineral content and body composition by x-ray densitometry in newborns. J Pediatr 1992;90:767-70.
36. Wauben I, Westerterp K, Gerver WJ, Blanco C. Effect of varying protein intake on energy balance, protein balance and estimated weight gain composition in premature infants. Eur J Clin Nutr 1995;49:11-6.