Latent inhibition in schizophrenia and schizotypy: A review of the empirical literature

Latent Inhibition: Cognition, Neuroscience and Applications to Schizophrenia

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 417-447

  Kumari, Veena ^a   Ettinger, Ulrich ^b  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84926133053     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511730184.018     Document Type: Chapter

References (109)

1. Agid, O., Kapur, S., Warrington, L., Loebel, A., & Siu, C. (2008). Early onset of antipsychotic response in the treatment of acutely agitated patients with psychotic disorders. Schizophrenia Research, 102, 241-248.
2. Allan, L. M., William, J. H., Wellman, N. A., et al. (1995). Effects of tobacco smoking, schizotypy, and number of pre-exposures on latent inhibition in healthy subjects. Personality and Individual Differences, 19, 893-902.
3. Arad, M., & Weiner, I. (2008). Fluctuation of latent inhibition along the estrous cycle in the rat: modeling the cyclicity of symptoms in schizophrenic women? Psychoneuroendocrinology, 33, 1401-1410.
4. Arranz, M. J., & de Leon, J. (2007). Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics of schizophrenia: a review of last decade of research. Molecular Psychiatry, 12, 707-747.
5. Baruch, I., Hemsley, D. R., & Gray, J. A. (1988a). Differential performance of acute and chronic schizophrenics in a latent inhibition task. Journal of Nervous & Mental Diseases, 176, 598-606.
6. Baruch, I., Hemsley, D. R., & Gray, J. A. (1988b). Latent inhibition and "psychotic proneness" in normal subjects. Personality and Individual Differences, 9, 777-783.
7. Bentall, R. P., Claridge, G. S., & Slade, P. D. (1989). The multidimensional nature of schizotypal traits: a factor analytic study with normal subjects. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28, 363-375.
8. Bleuler, E. (1950). Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias (J. Zinkin, Trans.). New York: International Universities Press.
9. Braunstein-Bercovitz, H. (2000). Is the attentional dysfunction in schizotypy related to anxiety? Schizophrenia Research, 46, 255-267.
10. Braunstein-Bercovitz, H., Hen, I., & Lubow, R. E. (2004). Masking task load modulates latent inhibition: support for a distraction model of irrelevant information processing by high schizotypals. Cognition and Emotion, 18, 1135-1144.
11. Braunstein-Bercovitz, H., & Lubow, R. E. (1998). Are high-schizotypal normal participants distractible or limited in attentional resources? A study of latent inhibition as a function of masking task load and schizotypy level. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 659-670.
12. Buckley, P. F., Miller, B. J., Lehrer, D. S., & Castle, D. J. (2009). Psychiatric comorbidities and schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 35, 383-402.
13. Burch, G. S., Hemsley, D. R., & Joseph, M. H. (2004). Trials-to-criterion latent inhibition in humans as a function of stimulus pre-exposure and positiveschizotypy. British Journal of Psychology, 95, 179-196.
14. Calkins, M. E., Iacono, W. G., & Ones, D. S. (2008). Eye movement dysfunction in first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analytic evaluation of candidate endophenotypes. Brain and Cognition, 68, 436-461.
15. Carpenter, W. T., & Koenig, J. I. (2008). The evolution of drug development in schizophrenia: past issues and future opportunities. Neuropsychopharmacology, 33, 2061-2079.
16. Chapman, L. J., Chapman, J. P., & Kwapil, T. R. (1995). Scales for the measurement of schizotypy. In A. Raine, T. Lencz, & S. A. Mednick (Eds.), Schizotypal Personality. New York: Cambridge University Press.
17. Claridge, G. S., & Broks, P. (1984). Schizotypy and hemisphere function. I. Theoretical considerations and measurement of schizotypy. Personality and Individual Differences, 5, 633-648.
18. Cohen, E., Sereni, N., Kaplan, O., et al. (2004). The relation between latent inhibition and symptom-types in young schizophrenics. Behavioural Brain Research, 149, 113-122.
19. Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory: Professional Manual. Florida: Psychological Assessment Resources Inc.
20. De la Casa, L. G., Ruiz, G., & Lubow, R. E. (1993). Latent inhibition and recall/recognition of irrelevant stimuli as a function of pre-exposure duration in high and low psychotic-prone normal subjects. British Journal of Psychology, 84, 119-132.
21. Della Casa, V., Höfer, I., Weiner, I., & Feldon, J. (1999). Effects of smoking status and schizotypy on latent inhibition. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 13, 45-57.
22. Dunn, L. A., Atwater, G., & Kilts, C. D. (1993). Effects of antipsychotic drugs on latent inhibition: sensitivity and specificity of an animal behavioural model of clinical drug action. Psychopharmacology, 112, 315-323.
23. Evans, L. H., Gray, N. S., & Snowden, R. J. (2007). A new continuous withinparticipants latent inhibition task: examining associations with schizotypy dimensions, smoking status and gender. Biological Psychology, 74, 365-373.
24. Eysenk, H. J. (1967). The Biological Basis of Personality. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.
25. Eysenck, H. J., & Eysenck, S. B. G. (1975). Manual of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. London: Hodder and Stoughton.
26. Eysenck, H. J., & Eysenck, S. B. G. (1991). Manual of the Eysenck Personality Scales. London: Hodder and Stoughton.
27. Fanous, A. H., Neale, M. C., Gardner, C. O., et al. (2007). Significant correlation in linkage signals from genome-wide scans of schizophrenia and schizotypy. Molecular Psychiatry, 12, 958-965.
28. Gal, G., Barnea, Y., Biran, L., et al. (2009). Enhancement of latent inhibition in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Behavioural Brain Research, 197, 1-8.
29. Gottesman, I. I., & Gould, T. D. (2003). The endophenotype concept in psychiatry: etymology and strategic intentions. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 636-645.
30. Gray, J. A. (1998). Integrating schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 24, 249-266.
31. Gray, J. A., Feldon, J., Rawlins, J. N. P., Hemsley, D. R., & Smith, A. D. (1991). The neuropsychology of schizophrenia. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 14, 1-84.
32. Gray, J. A., Kumari, V., Lawrence, N., & Young, A. M. J. (1999). Functions of the dopaminergic innervation of nucleus accumbens. Psychobiology, 27, 225-235.
33. Gray, N. S., Fernandez, M., Williams, J., Ruddle, R. A., & Snowden, R. J. (2002). Which schizotypal dimensions abolish latent inhibition? British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41, 271-284.
34. Gray, N. S., Hemsley, D. R., & Gray, J. A. (1992a). Abolition of latent inhibition in acute, but not chronic, schizophrenics. Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research, 1, 83-89.
35. Gray, N. S., Pickering, A. D., Hemsley, D. R., Dawling, S., & Gray J. A. (1992b). Abolition of latent inhibition by a single 5 mg dose of d-amphetamine in man. Psychopharmacology, 107, 425-430.
36. Gray, N. S., Pilowsky, L. S., Gray, J. A., & Kerwin, R. W. (1995). Latent inhibition in drug-naive schizophrenics: relationship to duration of illness and dopamine D2 binding using SPET. Schizophrenia Research, 17, 95-107.
37. Guterman, Y., Josiassen, R. C., Bashore, T. E., Johnson, M., & Lubow, R. E. (1996). Latent inhibition effects reflected in event-related brain potentials in healthy controls and schizophrenics. Schizophrenia Research, 20, 315-326.
38. Gruzelier, J. (2002). A Janusian perspective on the nature, development and structure of schizophrenia and schizotypy. Schizophrenia Research, 54, 95-103.
39. Heinrichs, R. W., & Zakzanis, K. K. (1998). Neurocognitive deficit in schizophrenia: a quantitative review of the evidence. Neuropsychology, 12, 426-445.
40. Hemsley, D. R. (1987). An experimental psychological model for schizophrenia. In H. Hafner, W. F. Gattaz & W. Janzavik W. (Eds.), Search for the Causes of Schizophrenia. Berlin: Springer, pp. 179-188.
41. Hemsley, D. R. (1993). A simple (or simplistic?) cognitive model for schizophrenia. Behavior Research and Therapy, 31, 633-645.
42. Höfer, I., Della Casa, V., & Feldon, J. (1999). The interaction between schizotypy and latent inhibition: modulation by experimental parameters. Personality and Individual Differences, 26, 1075-1088.
43. Hutton, S. B., & Ettinger, U. (2006). The antisaccade task as a research tool in psychopathology: a critical review. Psychophysiology, 43, 302-313.
44. Javitt, D. C., Spencer, K. M., Thaker, G. K., Winterer, G., & Hajós, M. (2008). Neurophysiological biomarkers for drug development in schizophrenia. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 7, 68-83.
45. Kaplan, O., Dar, R., Rosenthal, L., et al. (2006). Obsessive-compulsive disorder patients display enhanced latent inhibition on a visual search task. Behavior Research and Therapy, 44, 1137-1145.
46. Kathmann, N., von Recum, S., Haag, C., & Engel, R. R. (2000). Electrophysiological evidence for reduced latent inhibition in schizophrenic patients. Schizophrenia Research, 45, 103-114.
47. Kapur, S., Arenovich, T., Agid, O., et al. (2005). Evidence for onset of antipsychotic effects within the first 24 hours of treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 939-946.
48. Kapur, S., & Remington, G. (2001). Dopamine D(2) receptors and their role in atypical antipsychotic action: still necessary and may even be sufficient. Biological Psychiatry, 50, 873-83.
49. Kay, S. R., Fiszbein, P. S., & Opler, L. A. (1987). The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 13, 261-276.
50. Kraepelin, E. (1919/1971). Dementia Praecox and Paraphrenia (R.M. Barclay, Trans.). Huntington, NY: Krieger.
51. Kumari, V., Cotter, P., Mulligan, O., et al. (1999). Effect of d-amphetamine and haloperidol on latent inhibition in healthy male volunteers. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 13, 398-405.
52. Kumari, V., Das, M., Zachariah, E., Ettinger, U., & Sharma, T. (2005). Reduced prepulse inhibition in unaffected siblings of schizophrenia patients. Psychophysiology, 42, 588-594.
53. Larrison, A. L., Briand, K. A., & Sereno, A. B. (1999). Nicotine, caffeine, alcohol, and schizotypy. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 101-108.
54. Launay, G., & Slade, P. (1981). The measurement of hallucinatory predisposition in male and female prisoners. Personality and Individual Differences, 2, 221-234.
55. Lenzenweger, M. F. (1998). Explorations in schizotypy and the psychometric high-risk paradigm. In L. J. Chapman, J. P. Chapman, & D. C. Fowler (Eds.), Progress in Experimental Personality and Psychopathological Research, vol. 16. New York: Springer.
56. Leumann, L., Feldon, J., Vollenweider, F. X., & Ludewig, K. (2002). Effects of typical and atypical antipsychotics on prepulse inhibition and latent inhibition in chronic schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 52, 729-739.
57. Lipp, O. V., Siddle, D. A. T., & Arnold, S. L. (1994). Psychosis-proneness in a non-clinical sample. II. A multi-experimental study of 'attentional malfunctioning'. Personality and Individual Differences, 15, 405-424.
58. Lipp, O. V., & Vaitl, D. (1992). Latent inhibition in human Pavlovian differential conditioning: effect of additional stimulation after preexposure and relation to schizotypal traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 1003-1012.
59. Lubow, R. E. (2005). The construct validity of the animal-latent inhibition model of selective attention deficits in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 31, 139-153.
60. Lubow, R. E., & De la Casa, G. (2002). Latent inhibition as a function of schizotypality and gender: implications for schizophrenia. Biological Psychology, 59, 69-86.
61. Lubow, R. E., Ingberg-Sachs, Y., Zalstein-Orda, N., & Gewirtz, J. C. (1992). Latent inhibition in low and high "psychotic-prone" normal subjects. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 563-572.
62. Lubow, R. E., Kaplan, O., Abramovich, P., Rudnick, A., & Laor, N. (2000). Visual search in schizophrenia: latent inhibition and novel pop-out effects. Schizophrenia Research, 45, 145-156.
63. Lubow, R. E., Kaplan, O., & De la Casa, G. (2001). Performance on the visual search analog of latent inhibition is modulated by an interaction between schizotypy and gender. Schizophrenia Research, 52, 275-287.
64. Lubow, R. E., Weiner, I., Scholossberg, A., & Baruch, I. (1987). Latent inhibition and schizophrenia. Bulletin of Psychonomic Society, 25, 464-467.
65. Mangalore, R., & Knapp, M. (2007). Cost of schizophrenia in England. The Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics, 10, 23-41.
66. Marcelis, M., Suckling, J., Woodruff, P., et al. (2003). Searching for a structural endophenotype in psychosis using computational morphometry. Psychiatry Research, 122, 153-167.
67. Mason, O., Claridge, G., & Jackson, M. (1995). New scales for the assessment of schizotypy. Personality and Individual Differences, 18, 7-13.
68. McEvoy, J. P. (2007). The costs of schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 68, 4-7.
69. Meehl, P. E. (1989). Schizotaxia revisited. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 935-944.
70. Moser, P. C., Hitchcock, J. M., Lister, S., & Moran, P. M. (2000). The pharmacology of latent inhibition as an animal model of schizophrenia. Brain Research Reviews, 33, 275-307.
71. Nuechterlein, K. H., & Dawson, M. E. (1984). Information processing and attentional functioning in the developmental course of schizophrenic disorders. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 10, 160-203.
72. Overall, J. E., & Gorham, D. R. (1962). The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Psychological Reports, 10, 799-812.
73. Phillips, L. J., Yung, A. R., Yuen, H. P., Pantelis, C., & McGorry, P. D. (2002). Prediction and prevention of transition to psychosis in young people at incipient risk for schizophrenia. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 114, 929-937.
74. Prasad, K. M., & Keshavan, M. S. (2008). Structural cerebral variations as useful endophenotypes in schizophrenia: do they help construct "extended endophenotypes"? Schizophrenia Bulletin, 34, 774-790.
75. Raine, A. (1991). The SPQ: a scale for the assessment of schizotypal personality based on DSM-III-R criteria. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 17, 555-564.
76. Raine, A. (2006). Schizotypal personality: neurodevelopmental and psychosocial trajectories. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2, 291-326.
77. Raine, A., Reynolds, C., Lencz, T., et al. (1994). Cognitive-perceptual, interpersonal, and disorganized features of schizotypal personality. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 20, 191-201.
78. Rascle, C., Mazas, O., Vaiva, G., et al. (2001). Clinical features of latent inhibition in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 51, 149-161.
79. Reichenberg, A., & Harvey, P. D. (2007). Neuropsychological impairments in schizophrenia: integration of performance-based and brain imaging findings. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 833-858.
80. Reynolds, G. P. (2007). The impact of pharmacogenetics on the development and use of antipsychotic drugs. Drug Discovery Today, 12, 953-959.
81. Ruob, C., Weiner, I., & Feldon, J. (1998). Haloperidol-induced potentiation of latent inhibition: interaction with parameters of conditioning. Behavioural Pharmacology, 9, 245-253.
82. Rust, J. (1989). Rust Inventory of Schizotypal Cognitions Manual. Kent: Psychological Corporation Ltd.
83. Salamone, J. D., Cousins, M. S., & Snyder, B. J. (1997). Behavioral functions of nucleus accumbens dopamine: empirical and conceptual problems with the anhedonia hypothesis. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 21, 341-359.
84. Serra, A. M., Jones, S. H., Toone, B., & Gray, J. A. (2001). Impaired associative learning in chronic schizophrenics and their first-degree relatives: a study of latent inhibition and the Kamin blocking effect. Schizophrenia Research, 48, 273-289.
85. Shadach, E., Feldon, J., & Weiner, I. (1999). Clozapine-induced potentiation of latent inhibition is due to its action in the conditioning stage: Implications for the mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2, 283-291.
86. Skelley, S. L., Goldberg, T. E., Egan, M. F., Weinberger, D. R., & Gold, J. M. (2008). Verbal and visual memory: characterizing the clinical and intermediate phenotype in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 105, 78-85.
87. Snitz, B. E., Macdonald, A. W. 3rd, & Carter, C. S. (2006). Cognitive deficits in unaffected first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients: a meta-analytic review of putative endophenotypes. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 32, 179-194.
88. Stevens, A., Peschk, I., & Schwarz, J. (2007). Implicit learning, executive function and hedonic activity in chronic polydrug abusers, currently abstinent polydrug abusers and controls. Addiction, 102(6), 937-946.
89. Strauss, J. S. (1969). Hallucinations and delusions as points on continua function. Archives of General Psychiatry, 21, 581-586.
90. Swerdlow, N. R., Braff, D. L., Hartson, H., Perry, W., & Geyer, M. A. (1996). Latent inhibition in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 20, 91-103.
91. Swerdlow, N. R., Hartston, H. J., & Hartman, P. L. (1999). Enhanced visual latent inhibition in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 45, 482-488.
92. Swerdlow, N. R., Stephany, N., Wasserman, L. C., et al. (2003). Dopamine agonists disrupt visual latent inhibition in normal males using a within-subject paradigm. Psychopharmacology, 169, 314-320.
93. Swerdlow, N. R., Stephany, N., Wasserman, L. C., et al. (2005). Intact visual latent inhibition in schizophrenia patients in a within-subject paradigm. Schizophrenia Research, 72, 169-183.
94. Thaker, G. K. (2007). Schizophrenia endophenotypes as treatment targets. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 11, 1189-206.
95. Thornton, J. C., Dawe, S., Lee, C., et al. (1996). Effects of nicotine and amphetamine on latent inhibition in human subjects. Psychopharmacology, 127, 164-173.
96. Tsakanikos, E. (2004). Latent inhibition, visual pop-out and schizotypy: is disruption of latent inhibition due to enhanced stimulus salience? Personality and Individual Differences, 37, 1347-1358.
97. van Os, J., Hanssen, M., Bijl, R. V., & Ravelli, A. (2000). Strauss (1969) revisited: a psychosis continuum in the general population? Schizophrenia Research, 45, 11-20.
98. Vaitl, D., Lipp, O., Bauer, U., et al. (2002). Latent inhibition and schizophrenia: Pavlovian conditioning of autonomic responses. Schizophrenia Research, 55, 147-158.
99. van Haren, N. E., Bakker, S. C., & Kahn, R. S. (2008). Genes and structural brain imaging in schizophrenia. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 21, 161-167.
100. Venables, P. H., Wilkins, S., Mitchell, D. A., Raine, A., & Bailes, K. (1990). A scale for the measurement of schizotypy. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 481-495.
101. Vollema, M. G., & van den Bosch, R. J. (1995). The multidimensionality of schizotypy. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 21, 19-31.
102. Whalley, H. C., Harris, J. C., & Lawrie, S. M. (2007). The neurobiological underpinnings of risk and conversion in relatives of patients with schizophrenia. International Review of Psychiatry, 19, 383-397.
103. Whalley, H. C., Simonotto, E., Flett, S., et al. (2004). fMRI correlates of state and trait effects in subjects at genetically enhanced risk of schizophrenia. Brain, 127, 478-490.
104. Williams, J. H., Wellman, N. A., Geaney, D. P., et al. (1997). Haloperidol enhances latent inhibition in visual tasks in healthy people. Psychopharmacology, 133, 262-268.
105. Williams, J. H., Wellman, N. A., Geaney, D. P., et al. (1998). Reduced latent inhibition in people with schizophrenia: an effect of psychosis or of its treatment? British Journal of Psychiatry, 172, 243-249.
106. Williams, J. H., Wellman, N. A., & Rawlins, J. N. (1996). Cannabis use correlates with schizotypy in healthy people. Addiction, 91, 869-877.
107. Weiner, I. (2003). The 'two-headed' latent inhibition model of schizophrenia: modeling positive and negative symptoms and their treatment. Psychopharmacology, 169, 257-297.
108. Wuthrich, V., & Bates, T. C. (2001). Schizotypy and latent inhibition: non-linear linkage between psychometric and cognitive markers. Personality and Individual Differences, 30(5), 783-798.
109. Yogev, H., Sirota, P., Gutman, Y., & Hadar, U. (2004). Latent inhibition and overswitching in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 30(4), 713-726.