The global atmospheric impacts of aviation

Towards Sustainable Aviation

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 77-96

  Lee, David ^a   Raper, David ^a  

^a MANCHESTER METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84925815047     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9781849773409     Document Type: Chapter

References (61)

1. Anderson, B E, Cofer, W R, Barrick, J W, Bagwell D R, Hudgins, C H and Nowicki, G D (1998) ‘Airborne observations of aircraft aerosol emissions: 1. Total and nonvolatile particle emission indices’, Geophysical Research Letters, vol 25, pp1689–1692
2. Appleman, H S (1966) ‘Effect of supersonic aircraft on cirrus formation and climate’, American Meteorological Society and American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Conference on Aerospace Meteorology, Los Angeles, California, 28–31 March, 1966, AIAA Paper 66–369
3. Baughcum, S L, Henderson, S C and Sutkus, D J (1998) Scheduled Civil Aircraft Emission Inventories Projected for 2015: Database Development and Analysis, NASA/CR-1998- 207638, NASA Langley Research Center, US
4. Baughcum, S L, Tritz, T G, Henderson, S C and Pickett, D C (1996) Scheduled Civil Aircraft Emissions Inventories for 1992: Database Development and Analysis, NASA Contractor Report 4700, NASA Langley Research Center, US
5. Boucher, O (1999) ‘Air traffic may increase cirrus cloudiness’, Nature, vol 397, pp30–31
6. Brasseur, G P, Cox, R A, Hauglustaine D, Isaksen, I, Lelieveld, J, Lister, D H, Sausen R, Schumann, U, Wahner, A and Wiesen, P (1998) ‘European scientific assessment of the atmospheric effects of aircraft emissions’, Atmospheric Environment, vol 32, pp 2329– 2418
7. Chagnon, S A (1981) ‘Midwestern cloud, sunshine and temperature trends since 1901: possible evidence of jet contrail effects’, Journal of Applied Meteorology, vol 20, 496–508
8. Crutzen, P J (1971) ‘Ozone production rate in an oxygen-hydrogen-nitrogen atmosphere’, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol 76, pp7311–7327
9. FESG (1998) Report 4: Report of the Forecasting and Economic Analysis Sub-Group (FESG): Long-Range Scenarios, International Civil Aviation Organization Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection Steering Group Meeting, Canberra, Australia, January 1998
10. Friedl, R R, Baughcum, S L, Anderson, B, Hallett, J, Liou, K-N, Rasch, P, Rind, D, Sassen, K, Singh, H, Williams, L and Wuebbles, D (1997) Atmospheric Effects of Subsonic Aircraft: Interim Assessment of the Advanced Subsonic Assessment Program, NASA Reference Publication 1400, Washington, DC
11. Fuglestvedt, J S, Isaksen, I and Wang, W-C (1996) ‘Estimates of indirect global warming potentials for CH4, CO and NOx’, Climatic Change, vol 34, pp405–437
12. Gander, S and Helme, N (1999) ‘Emissions trading is an effective, proven policy tool for solving air pollution problems’, ICAO Journal, vol 54, pp12–14
13. Gardner, R M, Adams, J K, Cook, T, ten Have, H, Larson, L G, Falk, R S, Fleuti, E, Förtsch, W, Lecht, M, Lee, D S, Leech, M V, Lister, D H, Massé, B, Morris, K, Newton, P J, Owen, A, Parker, E, Schmitt, A and Vandenberghe, C (1998) ANCAT/EC2 Aircraft Emissions Inventories for 1991/1992 and 2015: Final Report, ECAC/ANCAT and EC Working Group, European Civil Aviation Conference
14. Gierens, K, Sausen, R and Schumann, U (1999) ‘A diagnostic study of the global distribution of contrails part II: future air traffic scenarios’, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, vol 63, pp1–9
15. Grewe, V, Dameris, M, Fichter, C and Lee, D S (2002) ‘Impact of aircraft NOx emissions. Part 2: effects of lowering the flight altitude’, Meteorologische Zeitschrift, vol 11, pp 197– 205
16. Hansen, J E, Sato, M and Ruedy, R (1997) ‘Radiative forcing and climate response’, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol 102, pp6831–6884
17. Henderson, S C, Wickrama, U K, Baughcum, S L, Begin, J L, Franco, F, Greene, D L, Lee, D S, Mclaren, M L, Mortlock, A K, Newton, P J, Schmitt, A, Sutkus, D J, Vedantham, A and Wuebbles, D J (1999) ‘Aircraft emissions: current inventories and future scenarios’ in Penner, J E, Lister, D H, Griggs, D J, Dokken, D J and McFarland, M (eds) Aviation and the Global Atmosphere, special report of IPCC working groups I and III in collaboration with the scientific assessment panel to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Chapter 9, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
18. ICAO (1995) Engine Exhaust Emissions Databank, first edition, ICAO Doc 9646-AN/943, International Civil Aviation Organization, Montreal
19. IPCC (1990) Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment, report prepared for IPCC by Working Group 1, Houghton, J T, Jenkins, G J and Ephraums, J J (eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
20. IPCC (1995) Climate Change 1994: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change and an Evaluation of the IPCC IS92 Emission Scenarios, reports of Working Groups I and III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, forming part of the IPCC Special Report to the first session of the Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, Houghton, J T, Meira Filho, L G, Bruce, J, Hoesung L, Callander, B A, Haites, E, Harris, N and Maskell, K (eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
21. IPCC (1996) Climate Change 1995, the Science of Climate Change, contribution of Working Group I to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Houghton, J T, Meira Filho, L G, Callander, B A, Haites, E, Harris, N, Kattenberg, A and Maskell, K (eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
22. IPCC (1997) An Introduction to Simple Climate Models Used in the IPCC Second Assessment Report, IPCC Technical Paper II, Houghton, J T, Meira Filho, L G, Griggs, D J and Maskell, K (eds), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Switzerland
23. IPCC (1999) Aviation and the Global Atmosphere, special report of IPCC working groups I and III in collaboration with the scientific assessment panel to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Penner, J E, Lister, D H, Griggs, D J, Dokken, D J and McFarland, M (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
24. IPCC SPM (1999) Aviation and the Global Atmosphere: Summary for Policymakers, special report of IPCC working groups I and III in collaboration with the scientific assessment panel to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Penner, J E, Lister, D H, Griggs, D J, Dokken, D J and McFarland, M (eds), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva
25. IPCC (2000) Emission Scenarios, special report of working group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
26. IPCC (2001) Climate Change 2001, the Scientific Basis, summary for policy-makers and technical summary of the working group I report, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
27. Johnston, H S (1971) ‘Reduction of stratospheric ozone by nitrogen dioxide catalysts from supersonic transport exhaust’, Science, vol 173, pp517–522
28. Kärcher, B (1999) ‘Aviation-produced aerosols and contrails’, Surveys in Geophysics, vol 20, pp113–167
29. Lacis, A A, Wuebbles, D J and Logan, J A (1990) ‘Radiative forcing of climate by changes in the vertical distribution of ozone’, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol 95, pp9971–9981
30. Lee, D S (2002) ‘Allocating international civil aviation emissions’, Climatic Change
31. Lee, D S, Clare, P E, Haywood, J, Kärcher, B, Lunnon, R W, Pilling, I, Slingo, A and Tilston, J R (2000) Identifying the Uncertainties in Radiative Forcing of Climate from Aviation Contrails and Aviation-Induced Cirrus, DERA/AS/PTD/CR000103, DERA, Pyestock
32. Lee, D S and Sausen, R (2000) ‘New directions: assessing the real impact of CO2 emissions trading by the aviation industry’, Atmospheric Environment, vol 34, pp5337–5338
33. Lee, D S, Brunner B, Döpelheuer, A, Falk, R S, Gardner, R M, Lecht, M, Leech, M, Lister, D H and Newton, P J (2002a) ‘Aviation emissions: present-day and future’, Meteorologische Zeitschrift, vol 11
34. Lee, D S and Kingdon, RD (2002) ‘Development of a semi-Lagrangian model of the global atmosphere and application to present-day and future aviation emission scenarios’, Meteorologische Zeitschrift (in preparation)
35. Lee, D S, Sausen, R, Marquart, S and Norman, P D (2002b) ‘The effect of changing cruise altitudes on contrails and emissions of NOx and CO2 for the global civil aircraft fleet’, Atmospheric Environment (in preparation)
36. Leggett J, Pepper, W J and Swart, R J (1992) ‘Emissions scenarios for the IPCC: an update’ in Houghton, J T, Callander, B A and Varney, S K (eds), Climate Change 1992: The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp69–95
37. Liou, K N (1986) ‘Influence of cirrus clouds on weather and climate processes: a global perspective’, Monthly Weather Review, vol 114, pp1167–1199
38. Lohmann, U and Roeckner, E (1995) ‘Influence of cirrus cloud radiative forcing on climate and climate sensitivity in a general circulation model’, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol 100, pp16305–16323
39. Marquart, S, Sausen, R, Ponater, M and Grewe, V (2001) ‘Estimate of the climate impact of cryoplanes’, Aerospace Science and Technology, vol 5, 73–84
40. McGuffie, K and Henderson-Sellers, A (1997) A Climate Modelling Primer, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester
41. McIlveen, R (1992) Fundamentals of Weather and Climate, Chapman and Hall, London
42. Meerkötter, R, Schumann U, Dölling, D R, Minnis, P and Nakajima, T (1999) ‘Radiative Forcing by Contrails’, Annales Geophysicae, vol 17, pp1080–1094
43. Minnis, P, Schumann, U, Doelling, D R, Gierens, K R and Fahey, D W (1999) ‘Global distribution of contrail radiative forcing’, Geophysical Research Letters, vol 26, pp1853– 1856
44. Newton, P J and Falk, R S (1997) DTI Forecast of Fuel Consumption and Emissions from Civil Aircraft in 2050 Based on ANCAT/EC2 1992 Data, DTI Report No DTI/ADI3c/ 199701/1.0
45. Ponater, M, Brinkop, S, Sausen, R and Schumann, U (1996) ‘Simulating the global atmospheric response to aircraft water vapour emissions and contrails: a first approach using a GCM’, Annales Geophysicae, vol 14, pp941–960
46. Ponater M, Marquart, S and Sausen, R (2002) ‘Contrails in a comprehensive global climate model: parameterisation and radiative forcing results’, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol 107, S ACL 2-1-ACL 2-15
47. Ponater, M, Sausen, R, Feneberg, B and Roeckner, E (1999) ‘Climate effect of ozone changes caused by present and future air traffic’, Climate Dynamics, vol 15, pp631–642
48. Rind, D, Lonergan, P and Shah, K (1996) ‘Climatic effect of water vapour release into the upper troposphere’, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol 100, pp7381–7396
49. Rogers, H L, Chipperfield, M P, Bekki, S and Pyle, J A (2000) ‘The effects of future supersonic aircraft on stratospheric chemistry modelled with varying meteorology’, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol 105, pp29359–29367
50. Rogers, H L, Lee, D S, Raper, D W, de Forster, P M, Wilson, C W and Newton, P J (2002) ‘The impacts of aviation on the atmosphere’, Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society (in press)
51. Sausen, R, Gierens, K, Ponater, M and Schumann, U (1998) ‘A diagnostic study of the global distribution of contrails part I: present day climate’, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, vol 61, pp 127–141
52. Schmitt, A and Brunner, B (1997) ‘Emissions from aviation and their development over time’ Schumann, U, Chlond, A, Ebel, A, Kärcher, B, Pak, H, Schlager, H, Schmitt, A and Wendling, P (eds), in Final Report on the BMBF Verbundprogramm Schadstoffe in der Luftfahrt, DLR Mitteilung, 97-04, Oberpfaffenhofen and Cologne, Germany
53. Schröder F, Kärcher, B, Petzold, A, Baumann, R, Busen, R, Hoell, C and Schumann, U (1998) ‘Ultrafine aerosol particles in aircraft plumes: in situ observations’, Geophysical Research Letters, vol 25, pp2789–2792
54. Schumann, U (1990) Air Traffic and the Environment, Lecture Notes in Engineering 60, Schumann, U (ed), Springer-Verlag, Berlin
55. Schumann, U (1994) ‘On the effect of emissions from aircraft engines on the state of the atmosphere’, Annales Geophysicae, vol 12, pp365–384
56. Schumann, U (1996) ‘On conditions for contrail formation from aircraft exhausts’, Meteorologische Zeitschrift, vol 5, pp4–23
57. Schumann, U and Wendling, P (1990) ‘Determination of contrails from satellite data and observational results’ in Schumann, U (ed) Air Traffic and the Environment – Background, Tendencies and Potential Global Atmospheric Effects, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, pp138–153
58. Shine, K P and Forster, P M D (1999) ‘The effect of human activity on radiative forcing of climate change: a review of recent developments’, Global and Planetary Change, vol 20, pp205–225
59. Stuber, N, Sausen, R and Ponater, M (2000) ‘Towards a more reliable metric of climate change’, presentation at the European Geophysical Society General Assembly, Nice, April 2000
60. Stuber, N, Sausen, R and Ponater, M (2001) ‘Stratosphere adjusted radiative forcing calculations in a comprehensive climate model’, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, vol 68, pp125–135
61. UNFCCC (1996) Communications from Parties Included in Annex 1 to the Convention: Guidelines, Schedules, and Process for Consideration, Secretariat Note FCCC/SBSTA/ 1996/9/Add.1, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 8 July 1996, Geneva