Stratosphere adjusted radiative forcing calculations in a comprehensive climate model

Theoretical and Applied Climatology

Volumn 68, Issue 3-4, 2001, Pages 125-135

  Stuber, N ^a   Sausen, R ^a   Ponater, M ^a  

^a GERMAN AEROSPACE CENTER DLR   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; CLIMATE CHANGE; OZONE; PERTURBATION; RADIATIVE FORCING; STRATOSPHERE;

EID: 0035001627     PISSN: 0177798X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s007040170041     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Bengtsson L, Roeckner E, Stendel M (1999) Why is the global warming proceeding much slower than expected? J Geophys Res 104: 3865-3876
2. Cess RD, Potter GL, Ghan SJ, Gates WL (1985) The climatic effects of large injections of atmospheric smoke and dust: a study of climate feedback mechanisms with one and three dimensional climate models. J Geophys Res 90: 12937-12950
3. Cess RD, Potter GL, Blanchet JP, Boer GJ, Del Genio AD, Déqué M, Dymnikov V, Galin V, Gates WL, Ghan SJ, Kiehl JT, Lacis AA, Le Treut H, Li Z-X, Liang X-Z, McAvaney BJ, Meleshko VP, Mitchell JFB, Morcrette J-J, Randall DA, Rikus L, Roeckner E, Royer JF, Schlese U, Sheinin DA, Slingo A, Solokov AP, Taylor KE, Washington WM, Wetherald RT, Yagai I, Zhangi M-H (1990) Intercomparison and interpretation of climate feedback processes in 19 atmospheric general circulation models. J Geophys Res 95: 16601-16615
4. Chen C-T, Ramaswamy V (1996) Sensitivity of simulated global climate to perturbations in low cloud microphysical properties. I. Global uniform perturbations. J Climate 9: 1385-1402
5. Chen C-T, Roeckner E (1996) Validation of the earth radiation budget as simulated by the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology general circulation model ECHAM4 using satellite observations of the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). J Geophys Res 101: 4269-4287
6. Christiansen B, Guldberg A, Hansen AW, Riishøjgaard LP (1997) On the response of a three-dimensional general circulation model to imposed changes in the ozone distribution. J Geophys Res 102: 13051-13077
7. Christiansen B (1999) Radiative forcing and climate sensitivity: The ozone experience. Quart J Roy Meteor Soc 125: 3011-3036
8. Clough SA, Iacono MJ (1995) Line-by-line calculation of atmospheric fluxes and cooling rates, 2. Application to carbon dioxide, ozone, methane, nitrous oxide and the halocarbons. J Geophys Res 100: 16519-16535
9. Dameris M, Nodorp D, Sausen R (1995) Correlation between Tropopause Height Pressure and TOMS-Data for the EASOE-winter 1991/1992. Beitr Phys Atmosph 68: 227-232
10. x-emissions on tropospheric and stratospheric ozone. Part II: 3-D model results. Atmos Environ 32: 3185-3199
11. Feichter J, Lohmann U, Schult I (1997) The atmospheric sulfur cycle and its impact on the shortwave radiation. Climate Dyn 13: 235-246
12. Fels SB, Mahlman JD, Schwarzkopf MD, Sinclair RW (1980) Stratospheric sensitivity to perturbations in ozone and carbon dioxide: radiative and dynamical response. J Atmos Sci 37: 2265-2297
13. Forster PM de F, Freckleton RS, Shine KP (1997) On aspects of the concept of radiative forcing. Climate Dyn 13: 547-560
14. Forster PM de F (1999) Radiative forcing due to stratospheric ozone changes 1979-1997, using updated trend estimates. J Geophys Res 104: 24395-24400
15. Forster PM de F, Shine KP (1999) Stratospheric water vapour changes as a possible contributor to observed stratospheric cooling. Geophys Res Lett 26: 3309-3312
16. Forster PM de F, Blackburn M, Glover R, Shine KP (2000) An examination of climate sensitivity for idealised climate change experiments in an intermediate general circulation model. Climate Dyn 16: 833-849
17. Fortuin JPF, van Dorland R, Wauben WMF, Kelder H (1995) Green-house effect of aircraft emissions as calculated by a radiative transfer model. Ann Geophysicae 13: 413-418
18. Fouquart Y, Bonnel B (1980) Computations of solar heating of the earth's atmosphere: a new parametrization. Beitr Phys Atmosph 53: 35-62
19. Giorgetta M, Wild M (1995) The water vapour continuum and its representation in ECHAM4. Max-Planck Institut für Meteorologie, Rep 162, ISSN 0937-1060, Hamburg, 38 pp
20. Hansen JE, Lacis A, Rind D, Russell G, Stone P, Fung I, Ruedy R, Lerner J (1984) Climate sensitivity: analysis of feedback mechanisms. Geophysical Monographs 29: 130-163
21. Hansen JE, Sato M, Ruedy R (1997) Radiative forcing and climate response. J Geophys Res 102: 6831-6684
22. Haywood JM, Schwarzkopf MD, Ramaswamy V (1998) Estimates of radiative forcing due to modeled increases in tropospheric ozone. J Geophys Res 103: 16999-17007
23. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (1990) Houghton JT, Jenkins GJ, Ephraums JJ (eds) Climate Change: the IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 365 pp
24. IPCC (1992) Houghton JT, Callander BA, Varney SK (eds) Climate Change 1992: The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment. WMO/UNEP, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 200 pp
25. IPCC (1995) Houghton JT, Meira Filho LG, Bruce J, Lee H, Callander BA, Haites E, Harris N, Maskell K (eds) Climate Change 1994: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 393 pp
26. IPCC (1999) Penner JE, Lister DH, Griggs DJ, Dokken DJ, McFarland M (eds) Aviation and the Global Atmosphere; A Special Report of IPCC Working Groups I and III. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 373 pp
27. Lohmann U, Feichter J (1997) Impact of sulfate aerosols on albedo and lifetime of clouds: a sensitivity study with the ECHAM4 GCM. J Geophys Res 102: 13685-13700
28. 2 concentration on the climate of a general circulation model. J Atmos Sci 32: 3-15
29. 2 content of the atmosphere. J Atmos Sci 37: 99-118
30. Morcrette J-J, Smith L, Fouquart Y (1986) Pressure and temperature dependance of the absorption in longwave radiation parametrizations. Beitr Phys Atmosph 59: 455-469
31. Ponater M, Sausen R, Feneberg B, Roeckner E (1999) Climate effect of ozone changes caused by present and future air traffic. Climate Dyn 15: 631-642
32. Ramanathan V (1976) Radiative transfer within the earth's troposphere and stratosphere. J Atmos Sci 33: 1330-1346
33. Ramanathan V, Dickinson RE (1979) The role of stratospheric ozone in the zonal and seasonal radiative energy balance of the Earth-troposphere system. J Atmos Sci 36: 1084-1104
34. Rockel B, Raschke E, Weyres B (1991) A parametrization of broad band radiative transfer properties of water, ice and mixed clouds. Beitr Phys Atmosph 64: 1-12
35. Roeckner E (1995) Parameterization of cloud optical properties in the ECHAM4 model. In: Proceedings of the WCRP Workshop on "Cloud Microphysics Parameterizations in Global Atmospheric Circulation Models", May 23-25, 1995, Kananaskis, Alberta, Canada WCRP-Report No 90, 105-116, WMO/TD-No 713
36. Roeckner E, Siebert T, Feichter J (1995) Climate response to anthropogenic sulfate forcing simulated with a general circulation model. In: Charlson RJ, Heintzenberg J (eds) Aerosol Forcing of Climate. Wiley and Sons, Chichester, 349-362
37. Roeckner E, Arpe K, Bengtsson L, Christoph M, Claussen M, Dümenil L, Esch M, Giorgetta M, Schlese U, Schulzweida U (1996) The atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM-4: model description and simulation of present-day climate. Max-Planck Institut für Meteorologie, Rep 218, ISSN 0937-1060, Hamburg, 90 pp
38. Roeckner E, Bengtsson L, Feichter J (1999) Transient climate change simulations with a coupled atmosphereocean GCM including the tropospheric sulfur cycle. J Climate 12: 3004-3032
39. Roelofs G-J, Lelieveld J, van Dorland R (1997) A three-dimensional chemistry/general circulation model simulation of anthropogenically derived ozone in the troposphere and its radiative climate forcing. J Geophys Res 102: 23389-23401
40. Roelofs G-J, Lelieveld J, Feichter J (1998) Model simulations of the changing distribution of ozone and its radiative forcing of climate. Max-Planck Institut für Meteorologie, Rep 283, ISSN 0937-1060, Hamburg, 24 pp
41. Roelofs G-J (1999) Radiative forcing by tropospheric ozone: impact of cloud representation. Geophys Res Lett 26: 467-470
42. van Dorland R, Dentener FJ, Lelieveld J (1997) Radiative forcing due to tropospheric ozone and sulfate aerosols. J Geophys Res 102: 28079-28100
43. Wild M, Ohmura A, Gilgen H, Roeckner E, Giorgetta M, Morcrette J-J (1998) The disposition of radiative energy in the global climate system: GCM-calculated versus observational estimates. Climate Dyn 14: 853-869
44. WMO (1992) International meteorological vocabulary. World Meteorological Organization, ISBN 92-63-02182-1, Geneva, 784 pp
45. x to the tropospheric ozone budget: sensitivity studies with a 3-D global transport/photochemistry model. In: Schumann U, Wurzel D (eds) Impact of emissions from aircraft and spacecraft upon the atmosphere. DLR Mitteilung 94-06, ISSN 0939-298X, Oberpfaffenhofen and Köln, 16 pp