Differential relations of instrumental and reactive aggression with maladjustment: Does adaptivity depend on function?

Aggression and Adaptation: The Bright Side to Bad Behavior

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 107-134

  Card, Noel A ^a   Little, Todd D ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84925804354     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203936900     Document Type: Chapter

References (91)

1. Arsenio, W. F., Gold, J., & Adams, E. (2004). Adolescents‘ emotion expectancies regarding aggressive and nonaggressive events: Connections with behavior problems. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 89, 338-355.
2. Atkins, M. S., McKay, M. M., Frazier, S. L., Jakobsons, L. J., Arvanitis, P., Cunningham, T., Brown, C., & Lambrecht, L. (2002). Suspensions and detentions in an urban, low-income school: Punishment or reward? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30, 361-371.
3. Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A social learning analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
4. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
5. Berkowitz, L. (1993). Aggression: Its causes, consequences, and control. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
6. Bjorkqvist, K., Lagerspetz, K. M. J., & Kaukiainen, A. (1992). Do girls manipulate and boys fight? Developmental trends in regard to direct and indirect aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 18, 117-127.
7. Boldizar, J. P, Perry, D. G., & Perry, L. C. (1989). Outcome values and aggression. Child Development, 60, 571-579.
8. Brendgen, M., Vitaro, F., Tremblay, R. E., & Lavoie, F. (2001). Reactive and proactive aggression: Predictions to physical violence in different contexts and moderating effects of parental monitoring and caregiving behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 29, 293-304.
9. Brown, K., Atkins, M. S., Osborne, M. L., & Milnamow, M. (1996). A revised teacher rating scale for reactive and proactive aggression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24, 473-480.
10. Bushman, B. J., & Anderson, C. A. (2001). Is it time to pull the plug on hostile versus instrumental aggression dichotomy? Psychological Review, 108, 273-279.
11. Cairns, R. B., Cairns, B. D., Neckerman, H. J., Ferguson, L. L., & Gariepy, J. L. (1989). Growth and aggression: I. Childhood to early adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 25, 320-330.
12. Camodeca, M., Goossens, F. A., Terwogt, M. M., &SchuengeI, C. (2002). Bullying and victimization among school-age children: Stability and links to instrumental and reactive aggression. Social Development, 11, 332-345.
13. Camodeca, M., & Goossens, F. A. (2005). Aggression, social cognitions, anger and sadness in bullies and victims. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46, 186-197.
14. Card, N. A. (2001). Who aggresses against whom?: An examination of aggressors and victims in a school setting. Unpublished Master‘s research project, St. John‘s University.
15. Card, N. A. (2003, April). Victims of peer aggression: A meta-analytic review. In N. A. Card & A. Nishina (Chairs), Whipping boys and other victims of peer aggression: 25 years of research, now where do we go? Poster symposium presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Tampa, FL.
16. Card, N. A. (in press). “I hated her guts!”: Emerging adults‘ recollections of the formation, maintenance, and termination of antipathetic relationships during high school. Journal of Adolescent Research.
17. Card, N. A., & Hodges, E. V. E. (in press). Victimization within mutually antipathetic peer relationships. Social Development.
18. Card, N. A., Isaacs, J., & Hodges, E. V. E. (2000, March). Dynamics of interpersonal aggression in the school context: Who aggresses against whom? In J. Juvonen & A. Nishina (Chairs), Harassment across diverse contexts. Poster symposium presented at the 8th biennial meeting of the Society for Research on Adolescence, Chicago, IL.
19. Card, N. A, & Little, T. D. (in press). Proactive and reactive aggression in childhood and adolescence: A meta-analysis of differential relations with psychosocial adjustment. International journal of Behavioral Development.
20. Card, N. A., & Little, T. D. (2006). Disentangling form from functions of Aggression: Longitudinal interrelations among instrumental and reactive aggression and psychosocial adjustment. Manuscript in preparation.
21. Card, N. A., Stucky, B. D., Sawalani, G., & Little, T. D. (2006). Overt and social forms of aggression: A meta-analytic review of intercorrelations, gender differences, and relations to maladjustment. Manuscript in preparation.
22. Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression /correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
23. Coie, J. D., Cillessen, A. H. N., Dodge, K. A., Hubbard, J. A., Schwartz, D., Lemerise, E. A., et al. (1999). It takes two to fight: A test of relational factors and a method for assessing aggressive dyads. Developmental Psychology, 35, 1179-1188.
24. Coie, J. D., & Dodge, K. A. (1998). Aggression and antisocial behavior. In W. Damon (Series Ed.) & N. Eisenberg (Volume Ed.), Handbook of child psychology (5th ed., Vol. 3, pp. 779-862). New York: Wiley.
25. Coie, J. D., Dodge, K. A., Terry, R., & Wright, V. (1991). The role of aggression in peer relations: An analysis of aggressive episodes in boys‘ play groups. Child Development, 62, 812-826.
26. Crain, M. M. (2002). The relationship of intent attributions, goals and outcome expectancies to relationally aggressive behavior in pre-adolescent girls. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, California School of Professional Psychology, Alliant International University.
27. Crick, N. R., & Dodge, K. A. (1994). A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children‘s social adjustment. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 74-101.
28. Crick, N. R., & Dodge, K. A. (1996). Social information-processing mechanisms in reactive and instrumental aggression. Child Development, 67, 993-1002.
29. Crick, N. R., & Grotpeter, J. K. (1995). Relational aggression, gender, and social-psychological adjustment. Child Development, 66, 710-722.
30. Day, D. M., Bream, L. A., & Pal, A. (1992). Instrumental and reactive aggression: An analysis of subtypes based on teacher perceptions. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 21, 210-217.
31. Dodge, K. A. (1986). A social information processing model of social competence in children. In M. Perlmutter (Ed.), Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology (Vol. 18, pp. 77-125). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
32. Dodge, K. A., & Coie, J. D. (1987). Social information-processing factors in reactive and instrumental aggression in children‘s playgroups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 1146-1158.
33. Dodge, K. A., Coie, J. D., Pettit, G. S., & Price, J. M. (1990). Peer status and aggression in boys‘ groups: Developmental and contextual analyses. Child Development, 61, 1289-1309.
34. Dodge, K. A, Lochman, J. E., Harnish, J. D., Bates, J. E., & Pettit, G. S., (1997). Reactive and instrumental aggression in school children and psychiatrically impaired chronically assaultive youth. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 37-51.
35. Dodge, K. A., Price, J. M., Bachorowski, J. A., & Newman, J. P. (1990). Hostile attributional biases in severely aggressive adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 385-392.
36. Dollard, J., Doob, L. W, Miller, N. E, Mowrer, 0. H., & Sears, R. R. (1939). Frustration and aggression. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
37. Egan, S. K., Monson, T. C., & Perry, D. G. (1998). Social-cognitive influences on change in aggression over time. Developmental Psychology, 34, 299-309.
38. Farver, J. M. (1996). Aggressive behavior in preschoolers‘ social networks: Do birds of a feather flock together? Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 11, 333-350.
39. Frick, P. J., Cornell. A. H., Barry, C. T., Bodin, S. D., & Dane, H. E. (2003). Callous-unemotional traits and conduct problems in the prediction of conduct problem severity, aggression, and self-report of delinquency. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 31, 457-470.
40. Galen, B. R., & Underwood, M. K. (1997). A developmental investigation of social aggression among children. Developmental Psychology, 33, 589-600.
41. Gifford-Smith, M. E., & Rabiner, D. L. (2004). Social information processing and children‘s social adjustment. In K. A. Dodge & J. B. Kupersmidt (Eds.), Children‘s peer relations: From development to intervention (pp. 61-79). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
42. Hartup, W. W. (1974). Aggression in childhood: Developmental perspectives. American Psychologist, 29, 336-341.
43. Hawley, P. H., & Little, T. D. (2002) Evolutionary and developmental perspectives on the agentic self. In D. Cervone & W. Mischel (Eds.), Advances in personality science (pp. 177-195). New York: Guilford.
44. Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1985). Statistical methods for meta-analysis. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
45. Hedges, L. V., & Vevea, J. L. (1998). Fixed-and random-effects models in metaanalysis. Psychological Methods, 3, 486-504.
46. Hegland, S. M., & Rix, M. K. (1990). Aggression and assertiveness in kindergarten children differing in day care experiences. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 5, 105-116.
47. Hodges, E. V. E., & Perry, D. G. (1999). Personal and interpersonal antecedents and consequences of victimization by peers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 677-685.
48. Hubbard, J. A., Dodge, K. A., Cillessen, A. H. N., Coie, J. D., & Schwartz, D. (2001). The dyadic nature of social information processing in boys‘ reactive and proactive aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 68-280.
49. Hubbard, J. A., Smithmyer, C. M., Ramsden, S. R., Parker, E. H., Flanagan, K. D., Dearing, K. F., et al. (2002). Observational, physiological, and self-report measures of children‘s anger: Relations to reactive versus instrumental aggression. Child Development, 73, 1101-1118.
50. Lagerspetz, K. M. J., Bjorkqvist, K., & Peltonen, T. (1988). Is indirect aggression typical of females? Gender differences in aggressiveness in 11-to 12-year-old children. Aggressive Behavior, 14, 403-414.
51. Lento, J. (2001). The role of child maltreatment and peer victimization in the prediction of playground social behaviors in early elementary school. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, San Diego.
52. Little, T. D., Brauner, J., Jones, S. M., Nock, M. K., & Hawley, P. H. (2003). Rethinking aggression: A typological examination of the functions of aggression. Merrill-Paimer Quarterly, 49, 343-369.
53. Little, T. D., Hawley, P. H., Henrich, C. C., & Marsland, K. (2002). Three views of the agentic self: A developmental synthesis. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 389-404). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
54. Little, T. D., Jones, S. M., Henrich, C. C., & Hawley, P. H. (2003). Disentangling the “whys” from the “whats” of aggressive behaviour. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 27, 122-133.
55. Lorenz, K. (1966). On aggression. New York: Harcourt.
56. Marcus, R. F., & Kramer, C. (2001). Reactive and proactive aggression: Attachment and social competence predictors. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 162,260-275.
57. Orobio de Castro, B., Merk, W., Koops, W., Veerman, J. W., & Bosch, J. D. (2005). Emotions in social information processing and their relations with reactive and proactive aggression in referred aggressive boys. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34, 105-116.
58. Parke, R. D., & Slaby, R. G. (1983). The development of aggression. In P. Mussen & M. Hetherington (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Socialization, personality, and social development, Vol. 3 (4th ed., pp. 547-641). New York: Wiley.
59. Perry, D. G., Perry, L. C., & Kennedy, E. (1992). Conflict and the development of antisocial behavior. In C. U. Shantz & W. W. Hartup (Eds.), Conflict in child and adolescent development (pp. 301-329). New York: Cambridge University Press.
60. Perry, D. G., Perry, L. C., & Rasmussen, P. (1986). Cognitive social learning mediators of aggression. Child Development, 57, 700-711.
61. Phillips, N. C., & Lochman, J. E. (2003). Experimentally manipulated change in children‘s proactive and reactive aggressive behavior. Aggressive Behavior, 29, 215-227.
62. Pierce, K. A., & Cohen, R. (1995). Aggressors and their victims: Toward a contextual framework for understanding aggressor-victim relationships. Developmental Review, 15, 292-310.
63. Poulin, F., & Boivin, M. (1999). Proactive and reactive aggression and boys‘ friendship quality in mainstream classrooms. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 7, 168-177.
64. Poulin, F., &Boivin, M. (2000). Reactive and instrumental aggression: Evidence of a two-factor model. Psychological Assessment, 12, 115-122.
65. Poulin, F., Cillessen, A. H. N., Hubbard, J. A., Coie, J. D., Dodge, K. A., & Schwartz, D. (1997). Children‘s friends and behavioral similarity in two social contexts. Social Development, 6\ 224-236.
66. Price, J. M., & Dodge, K. A. (1989). Reactive and proactive aggression in childhood: Relations to peer status and social context dimensions. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 17, 455-471.
67. Prinstein, M. J., & Cillessen, A. H. N. (2003). Forms and functions of adolescent peer aggression associated with high levels of peer status. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 49, 310-342.
68. Pulkkinen, L. (1996). Proactive and reactive aggression in early adolescence as precursors to anti-and prosocial behavior in young adults. Aggressive Behavior, 22, 241-257.
69. Ramsden, S. R. (2001). Family expressiveness and parental emotion coaching: Their roles in emotion regulation, social status, and childhood aggression. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Delaware.
70. Ramsden, S. R., & Hubbard, J. A. (2002). Family expressiveness and parental emotion coaching: Their role in children‘s emotion regulation and aggression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30, 657-667.
71. Roland, E., & Idspe, T. (2001). Aggression and bullying. Aggressive Behavior, 27, 446-462.
72. Rosenthal, R. (1991). Meta-analytic procedures for social research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
73. Salmivalli, C., & Nieminen, E. (2002). Proactive and reactive aggression among school bullies, victims, and bully-victims. Aggressive Behavior, 28, 30-44.
74. Salmivalli, C., Ojanen, T., Haanpaa, J., & Peets, K. (2005). “I‘m OK but you‘re not” and other peer-relational schemas: Explaining individual differences in children‘s social goals. Developmental Psychology, 41, 363-375.
75. Schippell, P. L. (2001). The role of narcissism, self-esteem and attentional biases in childhood reactive and proactive aggression. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University.
76. Schippell, P. L., Vasey, M. W., Cravens-Brown, L. M., & Bretveld, R. A. (2003). Suppressed attention to rejection, ridicule, and failure cues: A unique correlate of reactive but not proactive aggression in youth. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 32, 40-55.
77. Schwartz, D. (1994). The social behavior of bullied children. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Vanderbilt University.
78. Schwartz, D., Dodge, K. A., Coie, J. D., Hubbard, J. A., Cillessen, A. H. N., Lemerise, E. A., & Bateman, H. (1998). Social-cognitive and behavioral correlates of aggression and victimization in boys‘ play groups. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26, 431-440.
79. Slaby, R. G., & Guerra, N. G. (1988). Cognitive mediators of aggression in adolescent offenders: 1. Assessment. Developmental Psychology, 24, 580-588.
80. Smithmyer, C. M. (2001). Reactive aggression and low social preference versus proactive aggression: Differential autonomic reactivity to an anger-inducing social situation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Delaware.
81. Smithmyer, C. M, Hubbard, J. A., & Simons, R. F. (2000). Instrumental and reactive aggression in delinquent adolescents: Relations to aggression outcome expectancies. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29, 86-93.
82. van Manen, T. G., Prins, P. J. M., & Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (2001). Assessing social cognitive skills in aggressive children from a developmental perspective: The social cognitive skills test. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 8, 341-351.
83. Vazzana, A. D. (2001). Outcome expectations and outcome values of proactive, reactive, and nonaggressive boys. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Northern Illinois University.
84. Vernberg, E. M., Jacobs, A. K., & Hershberger, S. L. (1999). Peer victimization and attitudes about violence during early adolescence. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 28, 386-395.
85. Vitaro, F., Brendgen, M., & Tremblay, R. E. (2002). Reactively and instrumentally aggressive children: Antecedent and subsequent characteristics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43, 495-505.
86. Vitaro, F., Gendreau, P. L., Tremblay, R. E., & Oligny, P. (1998). Reactive and proactive aggression differentially predict later conduct problems. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, 377-385.
87. Volling, B. L., MacKinnon-Lewis, C., Rabiner, D., & Baradaran, L. P. (1993). Children‘s social competence and sociometric status: Further exploration of aggression, social withdrawal, and peer rejection. Development and Psychopathology, 5, 459-483.
88. Vorbach, A. M. (2002). The relationship between emotional competence and social competence among early adolescents. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Alliant International University.
89. Waschbusch, D. A., Willoughby, M. T., & Pelham, W. E., Jr. (1998). Criterion validity and the utility of reactive and proactive aggression: Comparisons to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and other measures of functioning. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 27, 396-405.
90. Washburn, J. J., McMahon, S. D., King, C. A., Reinecke, M. A., & Silver, C. (2004). Narcissistic features in young adolescents: Relations to aggression and internalizing symptoms. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33, 247-260.
91. Xie, H., Cairns, B. D., & Cairns, R. B. (2005). The development of aggressive behaviors among girls: Measurement issues, social functions, and differential trajectories. In D. J. Pepler, K. C. Madsen, C. Webster, & K. S. Levene (Eds.), The development and treatment of girlhood aggression (pp. 105-136). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.