메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 33, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 12-36

Nail analysis for the detection of drugs of abuse and pharmaceuticals: a review

Author keywords

Drugs of abuse; Keratinized matrix; Nail analysis; Pharmaceuticals; Pre analytical and analytical techniques; Xenobiotics

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; ALPRAZOLAM; AMPHETAMINE DERIVATIVE; BENZOYLECGONINE; CAFFEINE; CANNABINOID; CLOBAZAM; CLONAZEPAM; COCAINE; CODEINE; DIAZEPAM; HOMOCOCAINE; HYDROCODONE; KETAMINE; LORAZEPAM; METHADONE; MIDAZOLAM; MORPHINE; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; NICOTINE; NORCOCAINE; OPIATE; OXAZEPAM; OXYCODONE; PHENCYCLIDINE; SEDATIVE AGENT; STEROID; TEMAZEPAM; TRIAZOLAM;

EID: 84925501465     PISSN: 18608965     EISSN: 18608973     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11419-014-0258-1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (64)

References (79)
  • 1
    • 0033995361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs in nails: physiology, pharmacokinetics and forensic toxicology
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXitVaqtbg%3D, PID: 10709775
    • Palmeri A, Pichini S, Pacifici R, Zuccaro P, Lopez A (2000) Drugs in nails: physiology, pharmacokinetics and forensic toxicology. Clin Pharmacokinet 38:95–110
    • (2000) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.38 , pp. 95-110
    • Palmeri, A.1    Pichini, S.2    Pacifici, R.3    Zuccaro, P.4    Lopez, A.5
  • 3
    • 0002212338 scopus 로고
    • Arsenic in the hair and nails: its significance in acute arsenical poisoning
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaF2MXkvFamt7c%3D, PID: 14328680
    • Lander H, Hodge PR, Crisp CS (1965) Arsenic in the hair and nails: its significance in acute arsenical poisoning. J Forensic Med 12:52–67
    • (1965) J Forensic Med , vol.12 , pp. 52-67
    • Lander, H.1    Hodge, P.R.2    Crisp, C.S.3
  • 5
    • 0018861278 scopus 로고
    • The content of trace elements (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg) in fingernails of children
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL3cXkvFams7Y%3D, PID: 7389970
    • Alexiou D, Koutselinis A, Manolidis C, Boukis D, Papadatos J, Papadatos C (1980) The content of trace elements (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg) in fingernails of children. Dermatologica 160:380–382
    • (1980) Dermatologica , vol.160 , pp. 380-382
    • Alexiou, D.1    Koutselinis, A.2    Manolidis, C.3    Boukis, D.4    Papadatos, J.5    Papadatos, C.6
  • 6
    • 0025863003 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc status in young children using toenails: comparison with scalp hair
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXktVars7k%3D, PID: 1882232
    • Wilhelm M, Hafner D, Lombeck I, Ohnesorge FK (1991) Monitoring of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc status in young children using toenails: comparison with scalp hair. Sci Total Environ 103:199–207
    • (1991) Sci Total Environ , vol.103 , pp. 199-207
    • Wilhelm, M.1    Hafner, D.2    Lombeck, I.3    Ohnesorge, F.K.4
  • 8
    • 0021368523 scopus 로고
    • Nails as useful materials for detection of methamphetamine or amphetamine abuse
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL2cXotVOquw%3D%3D, PID: 6698458
    • Suzuki O, Hattori H, Asano M (1984) Nails as useful materials for detection of methamphetamine or amphetamine abuse. Forensic Sci Int 24:9–16
    • (1984) Forensic Sci Int , vol.24 , pp. 9-16
    • Suzuki, O.1    Hattori, H.2    Asano, M.3
  • 9
    • 0000440615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural characteristics and permeability properties of the human nail: a review
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXisFOgtbk%3D
    • Gupchup GV, Zatz JI (1999) Structural characteristics and permeability properties of the human nail: a review. J Cosmet Sci 50:363–385
    • (1999) J Cosmet Sci , vol.50 , pp. 363-385
    • Gupchup, G.V.1    Zatz, J.I.2
  • 10
    • 0033814327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The disposition of cocaine and opiate analytes in hair and fingernails of humans following cocaine and codeine administration
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXntlOlsLo%3D, PID: 11043652
    • Ropero-Miller JD, Goldberger BA, Cone EJ, Joseph RE Jr (2000) The disposition of cocaine and opiate analytes in hair and fingernails of humans following cocaine and codeine administration. J Anal Toxicol 24:496–508
    • (2000) J Anal Toxicol , vol.24 , pp. 496-508
    • Ropero-Miller, J.D.1    Goldberger, B.A.2    Cone, E.J.3    Joseph, R.E.4
  • 11
    • 84883551857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up analysis of zolpidem in fingernails after a single oral dose
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhtFWju7%2FP, PID: 23857143
    • Hang C, Ping X, Min S (2013) Long-term follow-up analysis of zolpidem in fingernails after a single oral dose. Anal Bioanal Chem 405:7281–7289
    • (2013) Anal Bioanal Chem , vol.405 , pp. 7281-7289
    • Hang, C.1    Ping, X.2    Min, S.3
  • 12
    • 84902343608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic investigation of the incorporation mechanisms of zolpidem in fingernails
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhs1SktLzL
    • Madry MM, Steuer AE, Binz TM, Baumgartner MR, Kraemer T (2014) Systematic investigation of the incorporation mechanisms of zolpidem in fingernails. Drug Testing and Anal 6:533–541
    • (2014) Drug Testing and Anal , vol.6 , pp. 533-541
    • Madry, M.M.1    Steuer, A.E.2    Binz, T.M.3    Baumgartner, M.R.4    Kraemer, T.5
  • 13
    • 0036826091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of cocaine analytes and opiates in nails from postmortem cases
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XosFyqtb4%3D, PID: 12423005
    • Engelhart DA, Jenkins AJ (2002) Detection of cocaine analytes and opiates in nails from postmortem cases. J Anal Toxicol 26:489–492
    • (2002) J Anal Toxicol , vol.26 , pp. 489-492
    • Engelhart, D.A.1    Jenkins, A.J.2
  • 15
    • 0021839570 scopus 로고
    • Anatomy and physiology of the nail
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL287mt1egsQ%3D%3D, PID: 3830499
    • Fleckman P (1985) Anatomy and physiology of the nail. Dermatol Clin 3:373–381
    • (1985) Dermatol Clin , vol.3 , pp. 373-381
    • Fleckman, P.1
  • 16
    • 4344567792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deposition characteristics of methamphetamine and amphetamine in fingernail clippings and hair sections
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXnsVehtLc%3D, PID: 15516288
    • Lin D-L, Yin R-M, Liu H-C, Wang C-Y, Liu RH (2004) Deposition characteristics of methamphetamine and amphetamine in fingernail clippings and hair sections. J Anal Toxicol 28:411–417
    • (2004) J Anal Toxicol , vol.28 , pp. 411-417
    • Lin, D.-L.1    Yin, R.-M.2    Liu, H.-C.3    Wang, C.-Y.4    Liu, R.H.5
  • 17
    • 1542321145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical pharmacokinetics of amfetamine and related substances: monitoring in conventional and non-conventional matrices
    • PID: 14871155
    • de la Torre R, Farre M, Navarro M, Pacifici R, Zuccaro P, Pichini S (2004) Clinical pharmacokinetics of amfetamine and related substances: monitoring in conventional and non-conventional matrices. Clin Pharmacokinet 43:157–185
    • (2004) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.43 , pp. 157-185
    • de la Torre, R.1    Farre, M.2    Navarro, M.3    Pacifici, R.4    Zuccaro, P.5    Pichini, S.6
  • 18
    • 33746494025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State of the art in hair analysis for detection of drug and alcohol abuse
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XntlWns7w%3D, PID: 16624267
    • Pragst F, Balikova MA (2006) State of the art in hair analysis for detection of drug and alcohol abuse. Clin Chim Acta 370:17–49
    • (2006) Clin Chim Acta , vol.370 , pp. 17-49
    • Pragst, F.1    Balikova, M.A.2
  • 19
    • 0032872319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Codeine concentration in hair after oral administration is dependent on melanin content
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXlvFers7w%3D, PID: 10471651
    • Kronstrand R, Förstberg-Peterson S, KÅgedal B, Ahlner J, Larson G (1999) Codeine concentration in hair after oral administration is dependent on melanin content. Clin Chem 45:1485–1494
    • (1999) Clin Chem , vol.45 , pp. 1485-1494
    • Kronstrand, R.1    Förstberg-Peterson, S.2    KÅgedal, B.3    Ahlner, J.4    Larson, G.5
  • 21
    • 0024339806 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of methamphetamine in hair, nail, sweat, and saliva by mass fragmentography
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXktFyqsLs%3D, PID: 2755090
    • Suzuki S, Inoue T, Hori H, Inayama S (1989) Analysis of methamphetamine in hair, nail, sweat, and saliva by mass fragmentography. J Anal Toxicol 13:176–178
    • (1989) J Anal Toxicol , vol.13 , pp. 176-178
    • Suzuki, S.1    Inoue, T.2    Hori, H.3    Inayama, S.4
  • 22
    • 0028819979 scopus 로고
    • Detection of amphetamines in fingernails: an alternative to hair analysis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXpvV2ltrc%3D, PID: 8750909
    • Cirimele V, Kintz P, Mangin P (1995) Detection of amphetamines in fingernails: an alternative to hair analysis. Arch Toxicol 70:68–69
    • (1995) Arch Toxicol , vol.70 , pp. 68-69
    • Cirimele, V.1    Kintz, P.2    Mangin, P.3
  • 23
    • 45749137249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous determination of amphetamine-type stimulants and cannabinoids in fingernails by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXnsVSlurY%3D, PID: 18563365
    • Kim JY, Cheong JC, Kim MK, Lee JI, In MK (2008) Simultaneous determination of amphetamine-type stimulants and cannabinoids in fingernails by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Arch Pharm Res 31:805–813
    • (2008) Arch Pharm Res , vol.31 , pp. 805-813
    • Kim, J.Y.1    Cheong, J.C.2    Kim, M.K.3    Lee, J.I.4    In, M.K.5
  • 24
    • 72449198441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of amphetamine-type stimulants, ketamine and metabolites in fingernails by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhs1Wisr7N, PID: 19926235
    • Kim JY, Shin SH, In MK (2010) Determination of amphetamine-type stimulants, ketamine and metabolites in fingernails by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Forensic Sci Int 194:108–114
    • (2010) Forensic Sci Int , vol.194 , pp. 108-114
    • Kim, J.Y.1    Shin, S.H.2    In, M.K.3
  • 25
    • 84855354165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid and simple GC-MS method for determination of psychotropic phenylalkylamine derivatives in nails using micro-pulverized extraction
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XislWltLc%3D, PID: 21923795
    • Kim JY, Cheong JC, Lee JI, Son JH, In MK (2012) Rapid and simple GC-MS method for determination of psychotropic phenylalkylamine derivatives in nails using micro-pulverized extraction. J Forensic Sci 57:228–233
    • (2012) J Forensic Sci , vol.57 , pp. 228-233
    • Kim, J.Y.1    Cheong, J.C.2    Lee, J.I.3    Son, J.H.4    In, M.K.5
  • 26
    • 1542427319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous detection and quantitation of morphine, 6-acetylmorphine, and cocaine in toenails: comparison with hair analysis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXislCjsro%3D, PID: 15068567
    • Cingolani M, Scavella S, Mencarelli R, Mirtella D, Froldi R, Rodriguez D (2004) Simultaneous detection and quantitation of morphine, 6-acetylmorphine, and cocaine in toenails: comparison with hair analysis. J Anal Toxicol 28:128–131
    • (2004) J Anal Toxicol , vol.28 , pp. 128-131
    • Cingolani, M.1    Scavella, S.2    Mencarelli, R.3    Mirtella, D.4    Froldi, R.5    Rodriguez, D.6
  • 27
    • 0344269344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case report on drug screening of nail clippings to detect prenatal drug exposure
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2svgvVymug%3D%3D, PID: 9263377
    • Skopp G, Potsch L (1997) A case report on drug screening of nail clippings to detect prenatal drug exposure. Ther Drug Monit 19:386–389
    • (1997) Ther Drug Monit , vol.19 , pp. 386-389
    • Skopp, G.1    Potsch, L.2
  • 28
    • 0031857357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of drugs of abuse in nails
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXltVymur8%3D, PID: 9681335
    • Engelhart DA, Lavins ES, Sutheimer CA (1998) Detection of drugs of abuse in nails. J Anal Toxicol 22:314–318
    • (1998) J Anal Toxicol , vol.22 , pp. 314-318
    • Engelhart, D.A.1    Lavins, E.S.2    Sutheimer, C.A.3
  • 30
    • 29144446172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of smoked cocaine marker (anhydroecgonine methylester) in nails
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtFChsLzF, PID: 16419417
    • Ragoucy-Sengler C, Kintz P (2005) Detection of smoked cocaine marker (anhydroecgonine methylester) in nails. J Anal Toxicol 29:765–768
    • (2005) J Anal Toxicol , vol.29 , pp. 765-768
    • Ragoucy-Sengler, C.1    Kintz, P.2
  • 31
    • 33646456772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of a method to detect cocaine and its metabolites in nails by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XkslSlsLc%3D, PID: 16183230
    • Valente-Campos S, Yonamine M, de Moraes Moreau RL, Silva OA (2006) Validation of a method to detect cocaine and its metabolites in nails by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Forensic Sci Int 159:218–222
    • (2006) Forensic Sci Int , vol.159 , pp. 218-222
    • Valente-Campos, S.1    Yonamine, M.2    de Moraes Moreau, R.L.3    Silva, O.A.4
  • 32
    • 47749107545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nails of newborns in monitoring drug exposure during pregnancy
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXptVKktLk%3D, PID: 18620824
    • Mari F, Politi L, Bertol E (2008) Nails of newborns in monitoring drug exposure during pregnancy. Forensic Sci Int 179:176–180
    • (2008) Forensic Sci Int , vol.179 , pp. 176-180
    • Mari, F.1    Politi, L.2    Bertol, E.3
  • 34
    • 0030982554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of unique cocaine metabolites and smoking by-products in postmortem blood and urine specimens
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXmslGis7Y%3D, PID: 9304829
    • Jenkins AJ, Goldberger BA (1997) Identification of unique cocaine metabolites and smoking by-products in postmortem blood and urine specimens. J Forensic Sci 42:824–827
    • (1997) J Forensic Sci , vol.42 , pp. 824-827
    • Jenkins, A.J.1    Goldberger, B.A.2
  • 35
    • 39149084654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raman spectroscopic investigation of cocaine hydrochloride on human nail in a forensic context
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsFamtL0%3D, PID: 18172621
    • Ali EA, Edwards HM, Hargreaves M, Scowen I (2008) Raman spectroscopic investigation of cocaine hydrochloride on human nail in a forensic context. Anal Bioanal Chem 390:1159–1166
    • (2008) Anal Bioanal Chem , vol.390 , pp. 1159-1166
    • Ali, E.A.1    Edwards, H.M.2    Hargreaves, M.3    Scowen, I.4
  • 36
    • 0034117260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of morphine by RIA and HPLC in fingernail clippings obtained from heroin users
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXktVGksbk%3D, PID: 10782962
    • Lemos NP, Anderson RA, Valentini R, Tagliaro F, Scott RT (2000) Analysis of morphine by RIA and HPLC in fingernail clippings obtained from heroin users. J Forensic Sci 45:407–412
    • (2000) J Forensic Sci , vol.45 , pp. 407-412
    • Lemos, N.P.1    Anderson, R.A.2    Valentini, R.3    Tagliaro, F.4    Scott, R.T.5
  • 37
    • 0033819817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The analysis of methadone in nail clippings from patients in a methadone-maintenance program
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXntlOltrY%3D, PID: 11043676
    • Lemos NP, Anderson RA, Robertson JR (2000) The analysis of methadone in nail clippings from patients in a methadone-maintenance program. J Anal Toxicol 24:656–660
    • (2000) J Anal Toxicol , vol.24 , pp. 656-660
    • Lemos, N.P.1    Anderson, R.A.2    Robertson, J.R.3
  • 38
    • 84905269479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of opiates in human fingernail—Comparison to hair
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXht1KisLnN
    • Shen M, Chen H, Xiang P (2014) Determination of opiates in human fingernail—Comparison to hair. J Chromatogr B 967:84–89
    • (2014) J Chromatogr B , vol.967 , pp. 84-89
    • Shen, M.1    Chen, H.2    Xiang, P.3
  • 39
    • 84919825273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The detection of THCA using 2-dimensional gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in human fingernail clippings: method validation and comparison with head hair
    • Jones J, Jones M, Plate C, Lewis D (2013) The detection of THCA using 2-dimensional gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in human fingernail clippings: method validation and comparison with head hair. Am J Anal Chem 4:1–8
    • (2013) Am J Anal Chem , vol.4 , pp. 1-8
    • Jones, J.1    Jones, M.2    Plate, C.3    Lewis, D.4
  • 40
    • 0033059016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nail analysis for drugs of abuse: extraction and determination of cannabis in fingernails by RIA and GC-MS
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXjsVOgt7w%3D, PID: 10369322
    • Lemos NP, Anderson RA, Robertson JR (1999) Nail analysis for drugs of abuse: extraction and determination of cannabis in fingernails by RIA and GC-MS. J Anal Toxicol 23:147–152
    • (1999) J Anal Toxicol , vol.23 , pp. 147-152
    • Lemos, N.P.1    Anderson, R.A.2    Robertson, J.R.3
  • 41
    • 84865586056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay to detect ethyl glucuronide in human fingernail: comparison to hair and gender differences
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XnvFCitro%3D
    • Jones J (2012) Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay to detect ethyl glucuronide in human fingernail: comparison to hair and gender differences. Am J Anal Chem 3:83–91
    • (2012) Am J Anal Chem , vol.3 , pp. 83-91
    • Jones, J.1
  • 42
    • 84858699433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of ethyl glucuronide in nails by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry as a potential new biomarker for chronic alcohol abuse and binge drinking behavior
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhs1OjsLrE, PID: 22193819
    • Morini L, Colucci M, Ruberto MG, Groppi A (2012) Determination of ethyl glucuronide in nails by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry as a potential new biomarker for chronic alcohol abuse and binge drinking behavior. Anal Bioanal Chem 402:1865–1870
    • (2012) Anal Bioanal Chem , vol.402 , pp. 1865-1870
    • Morini, L.1    Colucci, M.2    Ruberto, M.G.3    Groppi, A.4
  • 45
    • 84893832027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethyl glucuronide in hair and fingernails as a long-term alcohol biomarker
    • PID: 24524319
    • Berger L, Fendrich M, Jones J, Fuhrmann D, Plate C, Lewis D (2014) Ethyl glucuronide in hair and fingernails as a long-term alcohol biomarker. Addiction 109:425–431
    • (2014) Addiction , vol.109 , pp. 425-431
    • Berger, L.1    Fendrich, M.2    Jones, J.3    Fuhrmann, D.4    Plate, C.5    Lewis, D.6
  • 47
    • 33750180910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phencyclidine detection in nails
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtVOlsb3F, PID: 17132267
    • Jenkins AJ, Engelhart DA (2006) Phencyclidine detection in nails. J Anal Toxicol 30:643–644
    • (2006) J Anal Toxicol , vol.30 , pp. 643-644
    • Jenkins, A.J.1    Engelhart, D.A.2
  • 48
    • 0036148163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disposition of citalopram in biological specimens from postmortem cases
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XhtVyksbw%3D, PID: 12064644
    • Jenkins AJ, Gubanich K (2002) Disposition of citalopram in biological specimens from postmortem cases. J Forensic Sci 47:159–164
    • (2002) J Forensic Sci , vol.47 , pp. 159-164
    • Jenkins, A.J.1    Gubanich, K.2
  • 49
    • 0036846735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toenail nicotine levels as a biomarker of tobacco smoke exposure
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XpsVyks74%3D
    • Al-Delaimy WK, Mahoney GN, Speizer FE, Willett WC (2002) Toenail nicotine levels as a biomarker of tobacco smoke exposure. Cancer Epidem Biomar 11:1400–1404
    • (2002) Cancer Epidem Biomar , vol.11 , pp. 1400-1404
    • Al-Delaimy, W.K.1    Mahoney, G.N.2    Speizer, F.E.3    Willett, W.C.4
  • 50
    • 33845968821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass spectrometric quantitation of nicotine, cotinine, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in human toenails
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtlCrtrrL
    • Stepanov I, Feuer R, Jensen J, Hatsukami D, Hecht SS (2006) Mass spectrometric quantitation of nicotine, cotinine, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in human toenails. Cancer Epidem Biomar 15:2378–2383
    • (2006) Cancer Epidem Biomar , vol.15 , pp. 2378-2383
    • Stepanov, I.1    Feuer, R.2    Jensen, J.3    Hatsukami, D.4    Hecht, S.S.5
  • 51
    • 34447507999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of human toenail nicotine, cotinine, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol to levels of these biomarkers in plasma and urine
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXns1amu7w%3D
    • Stepanov I, Hecht SS, Lindgren B, Jacob P, Wilson M, Benowitz NL (2007) Relationship of human toenail nicotine, cotinine, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol to levels of these biomarkers in plasma and urine. Cancer Epidem Biomar 16:1382–1386
    • (2007) Cancer Epidem Biomar , vol.16 , pp. 1382-1386
    • Stepanov, I.1    Hecht, S.S.2    Lindgren, B.3    Jacob, P.4    Wilson, M.5    Benowitz, N.L.6
  • 52
    • 52649163945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of tobacco smoke exposure: comparison of toenail nicotine biomarkers and self-reports
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXmtVCltr8%3D
    • Al-Delaimy WK, Willett WC (2008) Measurement of tobacco smoke exposure: comparison of toenail nicotine biomarkers and self-reports. Cancer Epidem Biomar 17:1255–1261
    • (2008) Cancer Epidem Biomar , vol.17 , pp. 1255-1261
    • Al-Delaimy, W.K.1    Willett, W.C.2
  • 53
    • 44449140062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toenail nicotine levels as predictors of coronary heart disease among women
    • PID: 18397913
    • Al-Delaimy WK, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Willett WC (2008) Toenail nicotine levels as predictors of coronary heart disease among women. Am J Epidemiol 167:1342–1348
    • (2008) Am J Epidemiol , vol.167 , pp. 1342-1348
    • Al-Delaimy, W.K.1    Stampfer, M.J.2    Manson, J.E.3    Willett, W.C.4
  • 54
    • 70149089689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of myosmine, cotinine and nicotine in human toenail, plasma and saliva
    • PID: 19476410
    • Schutte-Borkovec K, Heppel CW, Heling AK, Richter E (2009) Analysis of myosmine, cotinine and nicotine in human toenail, plasma and saliva. Biomarkers 14:278–284
    • (2009) Biomarkers , vol.14 , pp. 278-284
    • Schutte-Borkovec, K.1    Heppel, C.W.2    Heling, A.K.3    Richter, E.4
  • 55
    • 79953875341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toenail nicotine level as a novel biomarker for lung cancer risk
    • PID: 21367874
    • Al-Delaimy WK, Willett WC (2011) Toenail nicotine level as a novel biomarker for lung cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol 173:822–828
    • (2011) Am J Epidemiol , vol.173 , pp. 822-828
    • Al-Delaimy, W.K.1    Willett, W.C.2
  • 57
    • 42149172331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection and quantitation of N′-nitrosonornicotine in human toenails by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXkslGqurg%3D
    • Stepanov I, Hecht SS (2008) Detection and quantitation of N′-nitrosonornicotine in human toenails by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Cancer Epidem Biomar 17:945–948
    • (2008) Cancer Epidem Biomar , vol.17 , pp. 945-948
    • Stepanov, I.1    Hecht, S.S.2
  • 58
    • 84857030295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carcinogenic tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines in US cigarettes: three decades of remarkable neglect by the tobacco industry
    • PID: 21602537
    • Stepanov I, Knezevich A, Zhang L, Watson CH, Hatsukami DK, Hecht SS (2012) Carcinogenic tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines in US cigarettes: three decades of remarkable neglect by the tobacco industry. Tob Control 21:44–48
    • (2012) Tob Control , vol.21 , pp. 44-48
    • Stepanov, I.1    Knezevich, A.2    Zhang, L.3    Watson, C.H.4    Hatsukami, D.K.5    Hecht, S.S.6
  • 59
    • 33846533634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The detection of sedatives in hair and nail samples using tandem LC-MS-MS
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXht1Oktbk%3D, PID: 16707239
    • Irving RC, Dickson SJ (2007) The detection of sedatives in hair and nail samples using tandem LC-MS-MS. Forensic Sci Int 166:58–67
    • (2007) Forensic Sci Int , vol.166 , pp. 58-67
    • Irving, R.C.1    Dickson, S.J.2
  • 60
    • 84869219768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of clozapine in nail and hair of psychiatric patients determined with LC-MS/MS
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXmt1artrc%3D, PID: 23227550
    • Chen H, Xiang P, Sun QR, Shen M (2012) Comparison of clozapine in nail and hair of psychiatric patients determined with LC-MS/MS. Yao Xue Xue Bao 47:1193–1199
    • (2012) Yao Xue Xue Bao , vol.47 , pp. 1193-1199
    • Chen, H.1    Xiang, P.2    Sun, Q.R.3    Shen, M.4
  • 61
    • 84891666247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of clozapine in hair and nail: the role of keratinous biological materials in the identification of a bloated cadaver case
    • PID: 24485424
    • Chen H, Xiang P, Shen M (2014) Determination of clozapine in hair and nail: the role of keratinous biological materials in the identification of a bloated cadaver case. J Forensic Leg Med 22:62–67
    • (2014) J Forensic Leg Med , vol.22 , pp. 62-67
    • Chen, H.1    Xiang, P.2    Shen, M.3
  • 62
    • 0035946743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of testosterone and pregnenolone in nails using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXisVamt78%3D
    • Choi MH, Yoo YS, Chung BC (2001) Measurement of testosterone and pregnenolone in nails using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B 754:495–501
    • (2001) J Chromatogr B , vol.754 , pp. 495-501
    • Choi, M.H.1    Yoo, Y.S.2    Chung, B.C.3
  • 63
    • 80053324192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of doping in sport: detecting anabolic-androgenic steroids in human fingernail clippings
    • PID: 21673061
    • Brown HG, Perrett D (2011) Detection of doping in sport: detecting anabolic-androgenic steroids in human fingernail clippings. Med Leg J 79:67–69
    • (2011) Med Leg J , vol.79 , pp. 67-69
    • Brown, H.G.1    Perrett, D.2
  • 64
    • 84934291340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nails are a potential alternative matrix to hair for drug analysis in general unknown screenings by liquid-chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXht1SqtLfM, PID: 25037237
    • Krumbiegel F, Hastedt M, Tsokos M (2014) Nails are a potential alternative matrix to hair for drug analysis in general unknown screenings by liquid-chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 10:496–503
    • (2014) Forensic Sci Med Pathol , vol.10 , pp. 496-503
    • Krumbiegel, F.1    Hastedt, M.2    Tsokos, M.3
  • 65
    • 40949113751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel methods for the detection of drug and alcohol exposure during pregnancy: implications for maternal and child health
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjsFCksro%3D, PID: 18288086
    • Koren G, Hutson J, Gareri J (2008) Novel methods for the detection of drug and alcohol exposure during pregnancy: implications for maternal and child health. Clin Pharmacol Ther 83:631–634
    • (2008) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.83 , pp. 631-634
    • Koren, G.1    Hutson, J.2    Gareri, J.3
  • 67
    • 0019173739 scopus 로고
    • Anatomy and physiology of the perionychium: a review of the literature and anatomic study
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL3M%2Fkslymtg%3D%3D, PID: 7000883
    • Zook EG, Van Beek AL, Russell RC, Beatty ME (1980) Anatomy and physiology of the perionychium: a review of the literature and anatomic study. J Hand Surg Am 5:528–536
    • (1980) J Hand Surg Am , vol.5 , pp. 528-536
    • Zook, E.G.1    Van Beek, A.L.2    Russell, R.C.3    Beatty, M.E.4
  • 68
    • 34547296452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioanalytical procedures for monitoring in utero drug exposure
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXnsVeqt7c%3D, PID: 17370066
    • Gray T, Huestis M (2007) Bioanalytical procedures for monitoring in utero drug exposure. Anal Bioanal Chem 388:1455–1465
    • (2007) Anal Bioanal Chem , vol.388 , pp. 1455-1465
    • Gray, T.1    Huestis, M.2
  • 69
    • 84925478315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (2008) Sexual assaults facilitated by drugs or alcohol. Accessed September 2014
    • European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (2008) Sexual assaults facilitated by drugs or alcohol. http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/technical-datasheets/dfsa. Accessed September 2014
  • 71
    • 0006345406 scopus 로고
    • The relation of finger-nail growth to nutritional status
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2svjtlWlsg%3D%3D, PID: 17104780
    • Gilchrist ML (1939) The relation of finger-nail growth to nutritional status. J Anat 73:575–582
    • (1939) J Anat , vol.73 , pp. 575-582
    • Gilchrist, M.L.1
  • 73
    • 0006344970 scopus 로고
    • Observations on growth of fingernails in health and disease
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaG1M7gsVKisg%3D%3D, PID: 13674819
    • Sibinga MS (1959) Observations on growth of fingernails in health and disease. Pediatrics 24:225–233
    • (1959) Pediatrics , vol.24 , pp. 225-233
    • Sibinga, M.S.1
  • 74
    • 0018605036 scopus 로고
    • The effect of aging on the rate of linear nail growth
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaE1M7psFGjug%3D%3D, PID: 448171
    • Orentreich N, Markofsky J, Vogelman JH (1979) The effect of aging on the rate of linear nail growth. J Invest Dermatol 73:126–130
    • (1979) J Invest Dermatol , vol.73 , pp. 126-130
    • Orentreich, N.1    Markofsky, J.2    Vogelman, J.H.3
  • 75
    • 0842332466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of linear nail growth to treat diseases of the nail
    • PID: 14726877
    • Geyer AS, Onumah N, Uyttendaele H, Scher RK (2004) Modulation of linear nail growth to treat diseases of the nail. J Am Acad Dermatol 50:229–234
    • (2004) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.50 , pp. 229-234
    • Geyer, A.S.1    Onumah, N.2    Uyttendaele, H.3    Scher, R.K.4
  • 76
    • 77749334244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth rate of human fingernails and toenails in healthy American young adults
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3czjtFOrsQ%3D%3D, PID: 19744178
    • Yaemsiri S, Hou N, Slining MM, He K (2010) Growth rate of human fingernails and toenails in healthy American young adults. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 24:420–423
    • (2010) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.24 , pp. 420-423
    • Yaemsiri, S.1    Hou, N.2    Slining, M.M.3    He, K.4
  • 77
    • 84866778839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine analytes in human hair: evaluation of concentration ratios in different cocaine sources, drug-user populations and surface-contaminated specimens
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XotVShu7Y%3D, PID: 22593566
    • Ropero-Miller JD, Huestis MA, Stout PR (2012) Cocaine analytes in human hair: evaluation of concentration ratios in different cocaine sources, drug-user populations and surface-contaminated specimens. J Anal Toxicol 36:390–398
    • (2012) J Anal Toxicol , vol.36 , pp. 390-398
    • Ropero-Miller, J.D.1    Huestis, M.A.2    Stout, P.R.3
  • 78
    • 0029916856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of hair color on the incorporation of methadone into hair in the rat
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xhs1ans7g%3D, PID: 8868404
    • Green SJ, Wilson JF (1996) The effect of hair color on the incorporation of methadone into hair in the rat. J Anal Toxicol 20:121–123
    • (1996) J Anal Toxicol , vol.20 , pp. 121-123
    • Green, S.J.1    Wilson, J.F.2
  • 79
    • 0030458191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine and metabolites in human graying hair: pigmentary relationship
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXjvVWrsQ%3D%3D, PID: 8941197
    • Reid RW, O’Connor FL, Deakin AG, Ivery DM, Crayton JW (1996) Cocaine and metabolites in human graying hair: pigmentary relationship. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 34:685–690
    • (1996) J Toxicol Clin Toxicol , vol.34 , pp. 685-690
    • Reid, R.W.1    O’Connor, F.L.2    Deakin, A.G.3    Ivery, D.M.4    Crayton, J.W.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.