Tackling Grand Challenges Pragmatically: Robust Action Revisited

Organization Studies

Volumn 36, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 363-390

  Ferraro, Fabrizio ^a   Etzion, Dror ^b   Gehman, Joel ^c  

^a IESE BUSINESS SCHOOL   (Spain)

^b MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

complexity; evaluativity; pragmatism; robust action; uncertainty

Indexed keywords

EID: 84924918562     PISSN: 01708406     EISSN: 17413044     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0170840614563742     Document Type: Article

References (180)

1. Ackoff R. L.On the use of models in corporate planning.Strategic Management Journal. 1981;2:353-359
2. Almandoz J.Arriving at the starting line: The impact of community and financial logics on new banking ventures.Academy of Management Journal. 2012;55:1381-1406
3. Ansari S.,Gray B.,Wijen F.Fiddling while the ice melts? How organizational scholars can take a more active role in the climate change debate.Strategic Organization. 2011;9:70-76
4. Ansari S.,Wijen F.,Gray B.Constructing a climate change logic: An institutional perspective on the “Tragedy of the Commons.”.Organization Science. 2013;24:1014-1040
5. Ansell C.Pragmatist democracy: Evolutionary learning as public philosophy. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2011:
6. Bartel C. A.,Garud R.The Blackwell handbook of organizational learning and knowledge management. Easterby-Smith M.Lyles M. A., ed. Malden, UK: Blackwell; 2003:324-342.
7. Bartley T.Institutional emergence in an era of globalization: The rise of transnational private regulation of labor and environmental conditions.American Journal of Sociology. 2007;113:297-351
8. Basalla G.The evolution of technology. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 1988:
9. Battilana J.,Dorado S.Building sustainable hybrid organizations: The case of commercial microfinance organizations.Academy of Management Journal. 2010;53:1419-1440
10. Battilana J.,Leca B.,Boxenbaum E.How actors change institutions: Towards a theory of institutional entrepreneurship.Academy of Management Annals. 2009;3:65-107
11. Bechky B. A.Object lessons: Workplace artifacts as representations of occupational jurisdiction.American Journal of Sociology. 2003;109:720-752
12. Beckert J.Agency, entrepreneurs, and institutional change: The role of strategic choice and institutionalized practices in organizations.Organization Studies. 1999;20:777-799
13. Beckert J.Economic sociology and embeddedness: How shall we conceptualize economic action?.Journal of Economic Issues. 2003;37:769-787
14. Besharov M. L.,Smith W. K.Multiple institutional logics in organizations: Explaining their varied nature and implications.Academy of Management Review. 2014;39:364-381
15. Beunza D.,Stark D.Tools of the trade: The socio-technology of arbitrage in a Wall Street trading room.Industrial and Corporate Change. 2004;13:369-400
16. Boltanski L.,Thévenot L.On justification. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 2006:
17. Bothner M. S.,Smith E. B.,White H. C.A model of robust positions in social networks.American Journal of Sociology. 2010;116:943-992
18. Bowker G. C.,Star S. L.Sorting things out: Classification and its consequences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 1999:
19. Brown H. S.,de Jong M.,Lessidrenska T.The rise of the global reporting initiative: A case of institutional entrepreneurship.Environmental Politics. 2009;18:182-200
20. Leveling the playing field: Transnational regulatory integration and development. Bruszt L.McDermott G. A., ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2014:
21. Buhr K.The inclusion of aviation in the EU emissions trading scheme: Temporal conditions for institutional entrepreneurship.Organization Studies. 2012;33:1565-1587
22. Burt R. S.Structural holes: The social structure of competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1992:
23. Cabantous L.,Gond J.-P.,Johnson-Cramer M.Decision theory as practice: Crafting rationality in organizations.Organization Studies. 2010;31:1531-1566
24. Callon M.The laws of the markets. Callon M., ed. Oxford, UK: Blackwell; 1998:244-269.
25. Callon M.Civilizing markets: Carbon trading between in vitro and in vivo experiments.Accounting, Organizations and Society. 2009;34:535-548
26. Callon M.,Lascoumes P.,Barthe Y.Acting in an uncertain world: An essay on technical democracy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2009:
27. Camerer C.,Weber M.Recent developments in modeling preferences: Uncertainty and ambiguity.Journal of Risk and Uncertainty. 1992;5:325-370
28. Carpenter D. P.,Moore C. D.Formative acts: American politics in the making. Skowronek S.Glassman M., ed. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; 2007:340-362.
29. Chiles T. H.,Meyer A. D.,Hench T. J.Organizational emergence: The origin and transformation of Branson, Missouri’s musical theaters.Organization Science. 2004;15:499-519
30. Cohen M. D.,March J. G.Leadership and ambiguity: The American college president. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1974:
31. Colquitt J. A.,George G.Publishing in AMJ—Part 1: Topic choice.Academy of Management Journal. 2011;54:432-435
32. Sustainability for the nation: Resource connection and governance linkages. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2013:
33. ConfinoJ. (2012,April24). Unilever’s Paul Polman: Challenging the corporate status quo. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/paul-polman-unilever-sustainable-living-plan
34. Crane A.Modern slavery as a management practice: Exploring the conditions and capabilities for human exploitation.Academy of Management Review. 2013;38:49-69
35. Davis G. F.Not just a mortgage crisis: How finance maimed society.Strategic Organization. 2010;8:75-82
36. Davis G. F.After the corporation.Politics & Society. 2013;41:283-308
37. Dewey J.How we think. Boston, MA: Heath & Co; 1933:
38. De Young R.,Kaplan S.On averting the tragedy of the commons.Environmental Management. 1988;12:273-283
39. Dietz T.,Ostrom E.,Stern P. C.The struggle to govern the commons.Science. 2003;302:1907-1912
40. DiMaggio P. J.Institutional patterns and organizations: Culture and environment. Zucker L.G., ed. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger; 1988:3-21.
41. DiMaggio P. J.,Powell W. W.The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields.American Sociological Review. 1983;48:147-160
42. Djelic M.-L.,Sahlin-Andersson K.Transnational governance: Institutional dynamics of regulation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2006:
43. Dooley K. J.A complex adaptive systems model of organization change.Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences. 1997;1:69-97
44. Dorado S.Small groups as context for institutional entrepreneurship: An exploration of the emergence of commercial microfinance in Bolivia.Organization Studies. 2013;34:533-557
45. Dorado S.,Ventresca M. J.Crescive entrepreneurship in complex social problems: Institutional conditions for entrepreneurial engagement.Journal of Business Venturing. 2013;28:69-82
46. Dorf M. C.,Sabel C. F.A constitution of democratic experimentalism.Columbia Law Review. 1998;98:267-473
47. Dorf M. C.,Sabel C. F.Drug treatment courts and emergent experimentalist government.Vanderbilt Law Review. 2000;53:829-884
48. Eccles R. G.,Nohria N.Beyond the hype: Rediscovering the essence of management. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press; 1992:
49. Edwards P. N.A vast machine: Computer models, climate data, and the politics of global warming. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2010:
50. Elster J.Ulysses unbound: Studies in rationality, precommitment, and constraints. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2000:
51. Espeland W. N.,Stevens M. L.Commensuration as a social process.Annual Review of Sociology. 1998;24:313-343
52. Etzion D.,Ferraro F.The role of analogy in the institutionalization of sustainability reporting.Organization Science. 2010;21:1092-1107
53. Fligstein N.Social skill and institutional theory.American Behavioral Scientist. 1997;40:397-405
54. Fligstein N.Social skill and the theory of fields.Sociological Theory. 2001;19:105-125
55. Fligstein N.,McAdam D.A theory of fields. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 2012:
56. Freeman R. E.Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Boston, MA: Pitman; 1984:
57. Friedland R.,Alford R. R.The new institutionalism in organizational analysis. Powell W. W.DiMaggio P. J., ed. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; 1991:232-266.
58. Furnari S.Interstitial spaces: Micro-interaction settings and the genesis of new practices between institutional fields.Academy of Management Review. 2014;:
59. Galison P.The science studies reader. Biagioli M., ed. New York, NY: Routledge; 1999:137-160.
60. Garud R.,Gehman J.Metatheoretical perspectives on sustainability journeys: Evolutionary, relational and durational.Research Policy. 2012;41:980-995
61. Garud R.,Gehman J.,Karunakaran A.Boundaries, breaches, and bridges: The case of Climategate.Research Policy. 2014;43:60-73
62. Garud R.,Gehman J.,Kumaraswamy A.Complexity arrangements for sustained innovation: Lessons from 3m Corporation.Organization Studies. 2011;32:737-767
63. Garud R.,Hardy C.,Maguire S.Institutional entrepreneurship as embedded agency.Organization Studies. 2007;28:957-969
64. George J. M.Compassion and capitalism implications for organizational studies.Journal of Management. 2014;40:5-15
65. Gilbert D. U.,Rasche A.,Waddock S.Accountability in a global economy: The emergence of international accountability standards.Business Ethics Quarterly. 2011;21:23-44
66. Gioia D. A.,Nag R.,Corley K. G.Visionary ambiguity and strategic change: The virtue of vagueness in launching major organizational change.Journal of Management Inquiry. 2012;21:364-375
67. Gladwin T. N.,Kennelly J. J.,Krause T.-S.Shifting paradigms for sustainable development: Implications for management theory and research.Academy of Management Review. 1995;20:874-907
68. Goffman E.The presentation of self in everyday life. New York, NY: Doubleday; 1959:
69. Granovetter M. S.Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness.American Journal of Sociology. 1985;91:481-510
70. Greenwood R.,Díaz A. M.,Li S. X.,Lorente J. C.The multiplicity of institutional logics and the heterogeneity of organizational responses.Organization Science. 2010;21:521-539
71. Greenwood R.,Raynard M.,Kodeih F.,Micelotta E. R.,Lounsbury M.Institutional complexity and organizational responses.Academy of Management Annals. 2011;5:317-371
72. Gross N.A pragmatist theory of social mechanisms.American Sociological Review. 2009;74:358-379
73. Guston D. H.Boundary organizations in environmental policy and science: An introduction.Science, Technology, & Human Values. 2001;26:399-408
74. Hallett T.,Ventresca M. J.Inhabited institutions: Social interactions and organizational forms in Gouldner’s.Patterns of Industrial Bureaucracy. Theory and Society. 2006;35:213-236
75. Hamann P. M.,Schiemann F.,Bellora L.,Guenther T. W.Exploring the dimensions of organizational performance: A construct validity study.Organizational Research Methods. 2013;16:67-87
76. Hardin G.The tragedy of the commons.Science. 1968;162:1243-1248
77. Hargadon A. B.,Douglas Y.When innovations meet institutions: Edison and the design of the electric light.Administrative Science Quarterly. 2001;46:476-501
78. Hargadon A. B.,Sutton R. I.Technology brokering and innovation in a product development firm.Administrative Science Quarterly. 1997;42:716-749
79. Hausman C. R.Charles S. Peirce’s evolutionary philosophy. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 1993:
80. Hawken P.Blessed unrest: How the largest movement in the world came into being, and why no one saw it coming. New York, NY: Viking Penguin; 2007:
81. Hinings C. R.,Greenwood R.Disconnects and consequences in organization theory?.Administrative Science Quarterly. 2002;47:411-421
82. Hirsch P. M.,Lounsbury M.Ending the family quarrel: Toward a reconciliation of old and new institutionalisms.American Behavioral Scientist. 1997;40:406-418
83. Hoffman A. J.Talking past each other? Cultural framing of skeptical and convinced logics in the climate change debate.Organization & Environment. 2011;24:3-33
84. Howard-Grenville J.,Buckle S. J.,Hoskins B. J.,George G.Climate change and management.Academy of Management Journal. 2014;57:615-623
85. Huault I.,Rainelli-Weiss H.A market for weather risk? Conflicting metrics, attempts at compromise, and limits to commensuration.Organization Studies. 2011;32:1395-1419
86. Hutchins E.Intellectual teamwork. Galegher J.Kraut R. E.Egido C., ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; 1990:191-220.
87. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Geneva: IPCC Secretariat; 2013:
88. Jarzabkowski P.,Kaplan S.Strategy tools-in-use: A framework for understanding “Technologies of Rationality” in practice.Strategic Management Journal. 2014;:
89. Jarzabkowski P.,Sillince J.A rhetoric-in-context approach to building commitment to multiple strategic goals.Organization Studies. 2007;28:1639-1665
90. Jay J.Navigating paradox as a mechanism of change and innovation in hybrid organizations.Academy of Management Journal. 2013;56:137-159
91. Joas H.The creativity of action. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; 1996:
92. KahanD. M. (2014). Climate science communication and the measurement problem. Advances in Political Psychology. Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2459057
93. Kaplan R. S.,Norton D. P.The balanced scorecard: Translating strategy into action. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Press; 1996:
94. Kaplan S.Strategy and Powerpoint: An inquiry into the epistemic culture and machinery of strategy making.Organization Science. 2011;22:320-346
95. Khan F. R.,Munir K. A.,Willmott H.A dark side of institutional entrepreneurship: Soccer balls, child labour and postcolonial impoverishment.Organization Studies. 2007;28:1055-1077
96. Kidd C. V.The evolution of sustainability.Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics. 1992;5:1-26
97. Knight F. H.Risk, uncertainty and profit. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin; 1921:
98. Koschmann M. A.,Kuhn T. R.,Pfarrer M. D.A communicative framework of value in cross-sector partnerships.Academy of Management Review. 2012;37:332-354
99. Kraatz M. S.,Block E.The SAGE handbook of organizational institutionalism. Greenwood R.Oliver C.Suddaby R.Sahlin-Andersson K., ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2008:243-275.
100. Kronrod A.,Grinstein A.,Wathieu L.Go green! Should environmental messages be so assertive?.Journal of Marketing. 2012;76:95-102
101. Lafferty W. M.Introduction: The pursuit of sustainable development: Concepts, policies and arenas.International Political Science Review. 1999;20:123-128
102. Lamont M.Toward a comparative sociology of valuation and evaluation.Annual Review of Sociology. 2012;38:201-221
103. Landry M.A note on the concept of “problem.”.Organization Studies. 1995;16:315-343
104. Latour B.Politics of nature. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 2004:
105. Lefsrud L. M.,Meyer R. E.Science or science fiction? Professionals’ discursive construction of climate change.Organization Studies. 2012;33:1477-1506
106. LeiferE. M. (1983). Robust action: Generating joint outcomes in social relationships (Unpublished dissertation). Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
107. Leifer E. M.Actors as observers: A theory of skill in social relationships. New York, NY: Garland; 1991:
108. Lichtenstein B. B.,Carter N. M.,Dooley K. J.,Gartner W. B.Complexity dynamics of nascent entrepreneurship.Journal of Business Venturing. 2007;22:236-261
109. Lindblom C. E.Policy analysis.American Economic Review. 1958;48:298-312
110. Locke R. M.The promise and limits of private power: Promoting labor standards in a global economy. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2013:
111. Lorenz E. N.Deterministic nonperiodic flow.Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 1963;20:130-141
112. Lounsbury M.A tale of two cities: Competing logics and practice variation in the professionalization of mutual funds.Academy of Management Journal. 2007;50:289-307
113. Lutsey N.,Sperling D.America’s bottom-up climate change mitigation policy.Energy Policy. 2008;36:673-685
114. MacKenzie D.Making things the same: Gases, emission rights and the politics of carbon markets.Accounting, Organizations and Society. 2009;34:440-455
115. Maguire S.,McKelvey B.,Mirabeau L.,Öztas N.The SAGE handbook of organization studies. Clegg S. R.Hardy C.Lawrence T. B.Nord W. R., ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2006:165-214.
116. Maibach E.,Leiserowitz A.,Cobb S.,Shank M.,Cobb K. M.,Gulledge J.The legacy of Climategate: Undermining or revitalizing climate science and policy?.Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change. 2012;3:289-295
117. Mair J.,Hehenberger L.Front stage and back stage convening: The transition from opposition to mutualistic co-existence in organizational philanthropy.Academy of Management Journal. 2013;:
118. Mair J.,Martí I.,Ventresca M. J.Building inclusive markets in rural Bangladesh: How intermediaries work institutional voids.Academy of Management Journal. 2012;55:819-850
119. Mantere S.,Ketokivi M.Reasoning in organization science.Academy of Management Review. 2013;38:70-89
120. March J. G.Bounded rationality, ambiguity, and the engineering of choice.Bell Journal of Economics. 1978;9:587-608
121. March J. G.,Olsen J. P.Ambiguity and choice in organizations. Bergen, Norway: Universitetsforlaget; 1976:
122. Margolis J. D.,Walsh J. P.Misery loves companies: Rethinking social initiatives by business.Administrative Science Quarterly. 2003;48:268-305
123. Marquis C.,Lounsbury M.Vive la resistance: Competing logics and the consolidation of U.S. community banking.Academy of Management Journal. 2007;50:799-820
124. Maruyama M.Deviation amplifying mutual causal processes.American Scientist. 1963;5:164-179
125. Mead G. H.Mind, self, and society. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; 1934:
126. Menand L.The metaphysical club: A story of ideas in America. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux; 2001:
127. Mena S.,Palazzo G.Input and output legitimacy of multi-stakeholder initiatives.Business Ethics Quarterly. 2012;22:527-556
128. Merton R. K.The unanticipated consequences of purposive social action.American Sociological Review. 1936;1:894-904
129. Meyer J. W.,Rowan B.Institutionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony.American Journal of Sociology. 1977;83:340-363
130. Mody C. C. M.,Nelson A. J.“A towering virtue of necessity”: Interdisciplinarity and the rise of computer music at Vietnam-era Stanford.Osiris. 2013;28:254-277
131. Noonan K. G.,Sabel C. F.,Simon W. H.Legal accountability in the service-based welfare state: Lessons from child welfare reform.Law & Social Inquiry. 2009;34:523-568
132. Norgaard K. M.Living in denial: Climate change, emotions, and everyday life. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2011:
133. Obstfeld D.Social networks, the tertius iungens orientation and involvement in innovation.Administrative Science Quarterly. 2005;50:100-130
134. O’Mahony S.,Bechky B. A.Boundary organizations: Enabling collaboration among unexpected allies.Administrative Science Quarterly. 2008;53:422-459
135. Orlikowski W. J.,Scott S. V.Sociomateriality: Challenging the separation of technology, work and organization.Academy of Management Annals. 2008;2:433-474
136. Ostrom E.Governing the commons: The evolution of institutions for collective action. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 1990:
137. Pache A.-C.,Santos F.When worlds collide: The internal dynamics of organizational responses to conflicting institutional demands.Academy of Management Review. 2010;35:455-476
138. Pache A.-C.,Santos F.Inside the hybrid organization: Selective coupling as a response to competing institutional logics.Academy of Management Journal. 2013;56:972-1001
139. Padgett J. F.,Ansell C. K.Robust action and the rise of the Medici, 1400–1434.American Journal of Sociology. 1993;98:1259-1319
140. Padgett J. F.,McLean P. D.Organizational invention and elite transformation: The birth of partnership systems in Renaissance Florence.American Journal of Sociology. 2006;111:1463-1568
141. Padgett J. F.,Powell W. W.The Emergence of Organizations and Markets. Padgett J. F.Powell W. W., ed. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 2012:1-29.
142. Page B. I.The theory of political ambiguity.American Political Science Review. 1976;70:742-752
143. Pickering A.The mangle of practice: Time, agency and science. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; 1995:
144. Pinch T. J.,Bijker W. E.Social construction of technological systems. Bijker W. E.Hughes T. P.Pinch T. J., ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 1987:17-50.
145. Piore M. J.Beyond individualism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1995:
146. Plowman D. A.,Baker L. T.,Beck T. E.,Kulkarni M.,Solansky S. T.,Travis D. V.Radical change accidentally: The emergence and amplification of small change.Academy of Management Journal. 2007;50:515-543
147. Powell W. W.,Colyvas J. A.The SAGE handbook of organizational institutionalism. Greenwood R.Oliver C.Suddaby R.Sahlin K., ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2008:276-298.
148. Reay T.,Golden-Biddle K.,Germann K.Legitimizing a new role: Small wins and microprocesses of change.Academy of Management Journal. 2006;49:977-998
149. Reay T.,Hinings C. R.Managing the rivalry of competing institutional logics.Organization Studies. 2009;30:629-652
150. Rittel H. W. J.,Webber M. M.Dilemmas in a general theory of planning.Policy Sciences. 1973;4:155-169
151. Robinson J.Squaring the circle? Some thoughts on the idea of sustainable development.Ecological Economics. 2004;48:369-384
152. Sabel C. F.The handbook of economic sociology. Smelser N. J.Swedberg R., ed. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1994:137-165.
153. Sabel C. F.,Zeitlin J.The Oxford handbook of governance. Levi-Faur D., ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2012:169-183.
154. Selznick P.Institutionalism “old” and “new.”.Administrative Science Quarterly. 1996;41:270-277
155. Senge P. M.The fifth discipline. New York, NY: Doubleday/Currency; 1990:
156. Senge P. M.,Smith B.,Schley S.,Laur J.,Kruschwitz N.The necessary revolution: How individuals and organizations are working together to create a sustainable world. New York, NY: Doubleday; 2008:
157. Seo M.-G.,Creed W. E. D.Institutional contradictions, praxis, and institutional change: A dialectical perspective.Academy of Management Review. 2002;27:222-247
158. Sgourev S. V.How Paris gave rise to Cubism (and Picasso): Ambiguity and fragmentation in radical innovation.Organization Science. 2013;24:1601-1617
159. Sillince J.,Jarzabkowski P.,Shaw D.Shaping strategic action through the rhetorical construction and exploitation of ambiguity.Organization Science. 2012;23:630-650
160. Simon H. A.The sciences of the artificial. 1996. The sciences of the artificial (3rd ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 1996:
161. Sneddon C.,Howarth R. B.,Norgaard R. B.Sustainable development in a post-Brundtland world.Ecological Economics. 2006;57:253-268
162. Stacey R. D.Complex responsive processes in organizations. New York, NY: Routledge; 2001:
163. Stark D.The sense of dissonance. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 2009:
164. Sterman J. D.Modeling managerial behavior: Misperceptions of feedback in a dynamic decision making experiment.Management Science. 1989;35:321-339
165. Sterman J. D.System dynamics modeling: Tools for learning in a complex world.California Management Review. 2001;43:8-25
166. Stern R. N.,Barley S. R.Organizations and social systems: Organization theory’s neglected mandate.Administrative Science Quarterly. 1996;41:146-162
167. Thornton P. H.,Ocasio W.,Lounsbury M.The institutional logics perspective: A new approach to culture, structure, and process. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2012:
168. Tsui A. S.The spirit of science and socially responsible scholarship.Management and Organization Review. 2013;9:375-394
169. United Nations. (2007, October26). UN independent rights expert calls for five-year freeze on biofuel production. UN News Centre. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=24434
170. Venkatraman N.,Ramanujam V.Measurement of business performance in strategy research: A comparison of approaches.Academy of Management Review. 1986;11:801-814
171. Verweij M.,Douglas M.,Ellis R.,Engel C.,Hendriks F.,Lohmann S.,…Thompson M.Clumsy solutions for a complex world: The case of climate change.Public Administration. 2006;84:817-843
172. Wade-Benzoni K. A.A golden rule over time: Reciprocity in intergenerational allocation decisions.Academy of Management Journal. 2002;45:1011-1028
173. Weick K. E.Small wins: Redefining the scale of social problems.American Psychologist. 1984;39:40-49
174. Weick K. E.,Roberts K. H.Collective mind in organizations: Heedful interrelating on flight decks.Administrative Science Quarterly. 1993;38:357-381
175. White H. C.Identity and control: How social formations emerge. 2008. Identity and control: How social formations emerge (2nd ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 2008:
176. Whitford J.Pragmatism and the untenable dualism of means and ends: Why rational choice theory does not deserve paradigmatic privilege.Theory and Society. 2002;31:325-363
177. Whitford J.,Zirpoli F.Pragmatism, practice, and the boundaries of organization.Organization Science. 2014;25:1823-1839
178. Wijen F.Means versus ends in opaque institutional fields: Trading off compliance and achievement in sustainability standard adoption.Academy of Management Review. 2014;:
179. Wijen F.,Ansari S.Overcoming inaction through collective institutional entrepreneurship: Insights from regime theory.Organization Studies. 2007;28:1079-1100
180. Wittneben B. B. F.,Okereke C.,Banerjee S. B.,Levy D. L.Climate change and the emergence of new organizational landscapes.Organization Studies. 2012;33:1431-1450