Mediators of the association between low socioeconomic status and chronic kidney disease in the United States

American Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 181, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 385-396

  Vart, Priya ^a   Gansevoort, Ron T ^a   Crews, Deidra C ^b,c   Reijneveld, Sijmen A ^a   Bültmann, Ute ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

^b JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

chronic kidney disease; mediation; socioeconomic status

Indexed keywords

BIOFILTRATION; DATA ACQUISITION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ETHNICITY; HEALTH CARE; HEALTH RISK; SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS; SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS;

ABDOMINAL OBESITY; ADULT; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ARTICLE; BLACK PERSON; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; COMORBIDITY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIETARY INTAKE; ETHNICITY; FEMALE; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HEALTH INSURANCE; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; HYPERTENSION; INCOME; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OBESITY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; POVERTY; RACE; SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE; SMOKING; SOCIAL STATUS; UNITED STATES; AGED; CAUCASIAN; COMPLICATION; ETHNIC GROUP; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; MIDDLE AGED; NUTRITION; PSYCHOLOGY; RENAL INSUFFICIENCY, CHRONIC; RISK FACTOR; SOCIAL CLASS; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

UNITED STATES;

ADULT; AGED; ETHNIC GROUPS; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH SERVICES ACCESSIBILITY; HUMANS; INCOME; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NUTRITION SURVEYS; RENAL INSUFFICIENCY, CHRONIC; RISK FACTORS; SOCIAL CLASS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84924411971     PISSN: 00029262     EISSN: 14766256     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu316     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Weiner DE, Tighiouart H, Amin MG, et al. Chronic kidney disease as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: a pooled analysis of community-based studies. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004;15(5):1307-1315
2. Collins AJ, Foley RN, Chavers B, et al. United States Renal Data System 2011 Annual Data Report: atlas of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012;59(1 suppl 1):A7, e1-e420
3. Grams ME, Chow EK, Segev DL, et al. Lifetime incidence of CKD stages 3-5 in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis. 2013; 62(2):245-252
4. Vart P, Gansevoort RT, Coresh J, et al. Socioeconomic measures and CKD in the United States and the Netherlands. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;8(10):1685-1693
5. Merkin SS, Diez Roux AV, Coresh J, et al. Individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status and progressive chronic kidney disease in an elderly population: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Soc Sci Med. 2007;65(4):809-821
6. Crews DC, McClellan WM, Shoham DA, et al. Low income and albuminuria among REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) study participants. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012;60(5):779-786
7. Bruce MA, Beech BM, Crook ED, et al. Association of socioeconomic status and CKD among African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010;55(6):1001-1008
8. Norris K, Nissenson AR. Race, gender, and socioeconomic disparities in CKD in the United States. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;19(7):1261-1270
9. Tarver-Carr ME, Powe NR, Eberhardt MS, et al. Excess risk of chronic kidney disease among African-American versus white subjects in the United States: a population-based study of potential explanatory factors. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002;13(9): 2363-2370
10. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, US Department of Health and Human Services. 2010 National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Reports. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2011
11. Patzer RE, McClellan WM. Influence of race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status on kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2012;8(9):533-541
12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Analytic and reporting guidelines. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/analytic- guidelines.htm. Published September 2013. Updated January 16, 2014. Accessed April 15, 2014
13. van Oers JA, Bongers IM, van de Goor LA, et al. Alcohol consumption, alcohol-related problems, problem drinking, and socioeconomic status. Alcohol Alcohol. 1999;34(1): 78-88
14. Lantz PM, House JS, Lepkowski JM, et al. Socioeconomic factors, health behaviors, and mortality: results from a nationally representative prospective study of US adults. JAMA. 1998;279(21):1703-1708
15. Darmon N, Drewnowski A. Does social class predict diet quality?. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87(5):1107-1117
16. Clair C, Bitton A, Meigs JB, et al. Relationships of cotinine and self-reported cigarette smoking with hemoglobin A1c in the U.S.: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2008. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(10): 2250-2255
17. Freiberg MS, Cabral HJ, Heeren TC, et al. Alcohol consumption and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the US.: a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(12):2954-2959
18. Andaya AA, Arredondo EM, Alcaraz JE, et al. The association between family meals, TV viewing during meals, and fruit, vegetables, soda, and chips intake among Latino children. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2011;43(5):308-315
19. Neumark-Sztainer D, Wall M, Perry C, et al. Correlates of fruit and vegetable intake among adolescents: findings from Project EAT. Prev Med. 2003;37(3):198-208
20. Sisson SB, Camhi SM, Church TS, et al. Leisure time sedentary behavior, occupational/domestic physical activity, and metabolic syndrome in U.S. men and women. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2009;7(6):529-536
21. Resnick HE, Foster GL, Bardsley J, et al. Achievement of American Diabetes Association clinical practice recommendations among U.S. adults with diabetes, 1999-2002: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(3):531-537
22. Pickering TG, Hall JE, Appel LJ, et al. Recommendations for blood pressure measurement in humans and experimental animals. Part 1: blood pressure measurement in humans: a statement for professionals from the subcommittee of professional and public education of the American Heart Association Council on High Blood Pressure Research. Circulation. 2005;111(5):697-716
23. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension. 2003;42(6): 1206-1252
24. World Health Organization. Physical Status: The Use and Interpretation of Anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1995. (WHO Technical Report Series no. 854
25. Yusuf S, Anand S. Body-mass index, abdominal adiposity, and cardiovascular risk. Lancet. 2011;378(9787):226-227
26. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285(19):2486-2497
27. Ostchega Y, Hughes JP, Wright JD, et al. Are demographic characteristics, health care access and utilization, and comorbid conditions associated with hypertension among US adults?. Am J Hypertens. 2008;21(2):159-165
28. Ward MM. Access to care and the incidence of end-stage renal disease due to diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(6):1032-1036
29. Zhang X, Bullard KM, Gregg EW, et al. Access to health care and control of ABCs of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(7): 1566-1571
30. Myers GL, Miller WG, Coresh J, et al. Recommendations for improving serum creatinine measurement: a report from the Laboratory Working Group of the National Kidney Disease Education Program. National Kidney Disease Education Program Laboratory Working Group. Clin Chem. 2006;52(1):5-18
31. National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Laboratory Manual. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2013
32. Skurup A, Kristensen T, Wennecke G. New creatinine sensor for point-of-care testing of creatinine meets the National Kidney Disease Education Program guidelines. National Kidney Disease Education Program Laboratory Working Group. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2008;46(1):3-8
33. Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, et al. A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med. 2009; 150(9):604-612
34. Inker LA, Schmid CH, Tighiouart H, et al. Estimating glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine and cystatin C. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(1):20-29
35. Lange T, Rasmussen M, Thygesen LC. Assessing natural direct and indirect effects through multiple pathways. Am J Epidemiol. 2014;179(4):513-518
36. Crews DC, Charles RF, Evans MK, et al. Poverty, race, and CKD in a racially and socioeconomically diverse urban population. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010;55(6):992-1000
37. Williams ED, Tapp RJ, Magliano DJ, et al. Health behaviours, socioeconomic status and diabetes incidence: the Australian Diabetes Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab). Diabetologia. 2010;53(12):2538-2545
38. Stringhini S, Tabak AG, Akbaraly TN, et al. Contribution of modifiable risk factors to social inequalities in type 2 diabetes: prospective Whitehall II cohort study. BMJ. 2012;345:e5452
39. Stringhini S, Sabia S, Shipley M, et al. Association of socioeconomic position with health behaviors and mortality. JAMA. 2010;303(12):1159-1166
40. Al-Qaoud TM, Nitsch D, Wells J, et al. Socioeconomic status and reduced kidney function in the Whitehall II Study: role of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Am J Kidney Dis. 2011;58(3): 389-397
41. Braveman PA, Cubbin C, Egerter S, et al. Socioeconomic status in health research: One size does not fit all. JAMA. 2005; 294(22):2879-2888
42. Orth SR, Hallan SI. Smoking: a risk factor for progression of chronic kidney disease and for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in renal patients-absence of evidence or evidence of absence?. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;3(1): 226-236
43. Haroun MK, Jaar BG, Hoffman SC, et al. Risk factors for chronic kidney disease: a prospective study of 23, 534 men and women in Washington County, Maryland. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003;14(11):2934-2941
44. Brancati FL, Whelton PK, Kuller LH. Diabetes mellitus, race, and socioeconomic status: a population-based study. Ann Epidemiol. 1996;6(1):67-73
45. Egan BM, Zhao Y, Axon RN. US trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, 1988-2008. JAMA. 2010;303(20):2043-2050
46. Boykin S, Diez-Roux AV, Carnethon M, et al. Racial/ethnic heterogeneity in the socioeconomic patterning of CVD risk factors in the United States: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2011;22(1): 111-127
47. Harris MI. Racial and ethnic differences in health care access and health outcomes for adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(3):454-459
48. Harris MI. Racial and ethnic differences in health insurance coverage for adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1999;22(10): 1679-1682
49. Kop WJ, Seliger SL, Fink JC, et al. Longitudinal association of depressive symptoms with rapid kidney function decline and adverse clinical renal disease outcomes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;6(4):834-844
50. Schrijvers CT, Stronks K, van de Mheen HD, et al. Explaining educational differences in mortality: the role of behavioral and material factors. Am J Public Health. 1999; 89(4):535-540
51. Arbour-Nicitopoulos KP, Faulkner GE, Irving HM. Multiple health-risk behaviour and psychological distress in adolescence. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012; 21(3):171-178
52. Baron RM, Kenny DA. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1986;51(6):1173-1182
53. VanderWeele TJ, Vansteelandt S. Odds ratios for mediation analysis for a dichotomous outcome. Am J Epidemiol. 2010; 172(12):1339-1348
54. Richiardi L, Bellocco R, Zugna D. Mediation analysis in epidemiology: methods, interpretation and bias. Int J Epidemiol. 2013;42(5):1511-1519