메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 444, Issue , 2015, Pages 212-220

Thimerosal: Clinical, epidemiologic and biochemical studies

Author keywords

Ethylmercury; Humans; Neurodevelopment; Thimerosal

Indexed keywords

CHLORAMPHENICOL; DIPHTHERIA PERTUSSIS TETANUS VACCINE; ETHYLMERCURY DERIVATIVE; FUNGICIDE; HEPATITIS B VACCINE; INFLUENZA VACCINE; MENINGOCOCCUS VACCINE; METHYLMERCURY; RHESUS D ANTIBODY; TETANUS TOXOID; THIOMERSAL;

EID: 84924088049     PISSN: 00098981     EISSN: 18733492     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.02.030     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (68)

References (81)
  • 1
    • 0034605691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Route of decomposition of thiomersal (thimerosal)
    • Tan M., Parkin J.E. Route of decomposition of thiomersal (thimerosal). Int J Pharm 2000, 208(1-2):23-34.
    • (2000) Int J Pharm , vol.208 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 23-34
    • Tan, M.1    Parkin, J.E.2
  • 2
    • 36749095785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of Thimerosal (Merthiolate) and its ethylmercury breakdown product: specific historical considerations regarding safety and effectiveness
    • Geier D.A., Sykes L.K., Geier M.R. A review of Thimerosal (Merthiolate) and its ethylmercury breakdown product: specific historical considerations regarding safety and effectiveness. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 2007, 10(8):575-596.
    • (2007) J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev , vol.10 , Issue.8 , pp. 575-596
    • Geier, D.A.1    Sykes, L.K.2    Geier, M.R.3
  • 3
    • 36749074569 scopus 로고
    • The bacteriostatic actions of some mercurial compounds on hemolytic streptococci
    • Morton H.E., North L.L., Engley J.B. The bacteriostatic actions of some mercurial compounds on hemolytic streptococci. J Am Med Assoc 1948, 136(1):37-41.
    • (1948) J Am Med Assoc , vol.136 , Issue.1 , pp. 37-41
    • Morton, H.E.1    North, L.L.2    Engley, J.B.3
  • 4
    • 84924199252 scopus 로고
    • Mercurials as "preservatives"
    • Anonymous
    • Anonymous Mercurials as "preservatives". J Am Med Assoc 1948, 122(8):1253.
    • (1948) J Am Med Assoc , vol.122 , Issue.8 , pp. 1253
  • 5
    • 0021993583 scopus 로고
    • Outbreaks of group A streptococcal abscesses following diphtheria-tetanus toxoid-pertussis vaccination
    • Stetler H.C., Garbe P.L., Dwyer D.M., et al. Outbreaks of group A streptococcal abscesses following diphtheria-tetanus toxoid-pertussis vaccination. Pediatrics 1985, 72(2):299-303.
    • (1985) Pediatrics , vol.72 , Issue.2 , pp. 299-303
    • Stetler, H.C.1    Garbe, P.L.2    Dwyer, D.M.3
  • 6
    • 80052456581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preservative of choice for Prev(e)nar 13™ in a multi-dose formulation
    • Khandke L., Yang C., Krylova K., Jansen K.U., Rashidbaigi A. Preservative of choice for Prev(e)nar 13™ in a multi-dose formulation. Vaccine 2011, 29(41):7144-7153.
    • (2011) Vaccine , vol.29 , Issue.41 , pp. 7144-7153
    • Khandke, L.1    Yang, C.2    Krylova, K.3    Jansen, K.U.4    Rashidbaigi, A.5
  • 7
    • 77954254861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative toxicity of compounds used as preservatives in vaccines and biologics
    • Geier D.A., Jordan S.K., Geier M.R. The relative toxicity of compounds used as preservatives in vaccines and biologics. Med Sci Monit 2010, 16(5):SR21-SR27.
    • (2010) Med Sci Monit , vol.16 , Issue.5 , pp. SR21-SR27
    • Geier, D.A.1    Jordan, S.K.2    Geier, M.R.3
  • 8
    • 78649807579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicity biomarkers among US children compared to a similar cohort in France: a blinded study measuring urinary porphyrins
    • Kern J.K., Geier D.A., Ayzac F., Adams J.B., Mehta J.A., Geier M.R. Toxicity biomarkers among US children compared to a similar cohort in France: a blinded study measuring urinary porphyrins. Toxicol Environ Chem 2011, 93(1-2):396-405.
    • (2011) Toxicol Environ Chem , vol.93 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 396-405
    • Kern, J.K.1    Geier, D.A.2    Ayzac, F.3    Adams, J.B.4    Mehta, J.A.5    Geier, M.R.6
  • 9
    • 14744272645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiomersal in vaccines: balancing the risk of adverse effects with the risk of vaccine-preventable disease
    • Bigham M., Copes R. Thiomersal in vaccines: balancing the risk of adverse effects with the risk of vaccine-preventable disease. Drug Saf 2005, 28(2):89-101.
    • (2005) Drug Saf , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 89-101
    • Bigham, M.1    Copes, R.2
  • 11
    • 84924186837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [Updated 12/12/2014. Accessed 12/29/2014]
    • Coalition for Mercury Free Drugs (CoMeD, Inc.) Studies that show harm from Thimerosal [Updated 12/12/2014. Accessed 12/29/2014]. http://mercury-freedrugs.org/docs/20141212_KernJK_ExcelFile_TMs_Harm_Refs_%20v43_secure.xlsx.
    • Studies that show harm from Thimerosal
  • 12
    • 0033538377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thimerosal in vaccines: a joint statement of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Public Health Service
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Thimerosal in vaccines: a joint statement of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Public Health Service. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1999, 48(26):563-565.
    • (1999) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.48 , Issue.26 , pp. 563-565
  • 13
    • 33744953612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assessment of downward trends in neurodevelopmental disorders in the United States following removal of Thimerosal from childhood vaccines
    • Geier D.A., Geier M.R. An assessment of downward trends in neurodevelopmental disorders in the United States following removal of Thimerosal from childhood vaccines. Med Sci Monit 2006, 12(6):CR231-CR239.
    • (2006) Med Sci Monit , vol.12 , Issue.6 , pp. CR231-CR239
    • Geier, D.A.1    Geier, M.R.2
  • 14
    • 0037066803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Bridges C.B., Fukuda K., et al. Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 2002, 51(RR-03):1-31. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
    • (2002) MMWR , vol.51 , Issue.3 RR , pp. 1-31
    • Bridges, C.B.1    Fukuda, K.2
  • 15
    • 2442672983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Bridges C.B., Fukuda K., et al. Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 2004, 53(RR-06):1-40. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
    • (2004) MMWR , vol.53 , Issue.6 RR , pp. 1-40
    • Bridges, C.B.1    Fukuda, K.2
  • 16
    • 33746724834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Harper S.A., Fukuda K., et al. Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 2006, 55(RR10):1-42. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
    • (2006) MMWR , vol.55 , Issue.RR10 , pp. 1-42
    • Harper, S.A.1    Fukuda, K.2
  • 17
    • 67949097373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Fiore A.E., Shay D.K., et al. Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 2009, 58(RR08):1-52. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
    • (2009) MMWR , vol.58 , Issue.RR08 , pp. 1-52
    • Fiore, A.E.1    Shay, D.K.2
  • 18
    • 84924188441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [Updated 12/11/13. Accessed 2/5/15]
    • John Hopkin's School of Public Health Thimerosal content in some US licensed vaccines [Updated 12/11/13. Accessed 2/5/15]. http://www.vaccinesafety.edu/thi-table.htm.
    • Thimerosal content in some US licensed vaccines
  • 19
    • 0031552194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 1997, 46(RR-9):1-25.
    • (1997) MMWR , vol.46 , Issue.9 RR , pp. 1-25
  • 20
    • 84878315534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of VAERS fetal-loss reports during three consecutive influenza seasons: was there a synergistic fetal toxicity associated with the two-vaccine 2009/2010 season?
    • Goldman G. Comparison of VAERS fetal-loss reports during three consecutive influenza seasons: was there a synergistic fetal toxicity associated with the two-vaccine 2009/2010 season?. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013, 32:464-475.
    • (2013) Hum Exp Toxicol , vol.32 , pp. 464-475
    • Goldman, G.1
  • 21
    • 84867224339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal transfer of mercury to the developing embryo/fetus: is there a safe level?
    • Brown I.A., Austin D.W. Maternal transfer of mercury to the developing embryo/fetus: is there a safe level?. Toxicol Environ Chem 2012, 94:1610-1627.
    • (2012) Toxicol Environ Chem , vol.94 , pp. 1610-1627
    • Brown, I.A.1    Austin, D.W.2
  • 22
    • 36249027667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of thimerosal containing vaccines. Statement of the Consultive Committee of Immunizations on behalf of the Chilean Infectious Diseases Society
    • Muñoz M.A., Abarca V.K., Jiménez de la J.J., et al. Seguridad de las vacunas que contienen timerosal: Declaración del Comité Consultivo de Inmunizaciones (CCI) de la Sociedad Chilena de Infectología. Rev Chil Infect 2007, 24:372-376.
    • (2007) Rev Chil Infect , vol.24 , pp. 372-376
    • Muñoz, M.A.1    Abarca, V.K.2    Jiménez de la, J.J.3
  • 23
    • 77956453942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making sense of epidemiological studies of young children exposed to thimerosal in vaccines
    • Dórea J.G. Making sense of epidemiological studies of young children exposed to thimerosal in vaccines. Clin Chim Acta 2010, 411:1580-1586.
    • (2010) Clin Chim Acta , vol.411 , pp. 1580-1586
    • Dórea, J.G.1
  • 24
    • 84864955007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mercury disposition in suckling rats, comparative assessment following parenteral exposure to thiomersal and mercuric chloride
    • Blanusa M., Orct T., Vihnanek Lazarus M., Sekovanic A., Piasek M. Mercury disposition in suckling rats, comparative assessment following parenteral exposure to thiomersal and mercuric chloride. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012, 2012:256965.
    • (2012) J Biomed Biotechnol , vol.2012 , pp. 256965
    • Blanusa, M.1    Orct, T.2    Vihnanek Lazarus, M.3    Sekovanic, A.4    Piasek, M.5
  • 25
    • 84868266844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tetanus toxoid vaccine: elimination of neonatal tetanus in selected states of India
    • Verma R., Khanna P. Tetanus toxoid vaccine: elimination of neonatal tetanus in selected states of India. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2012 Oct, 8(10):1439-1442.
    • (2012) Hum Vaccin Immunother , vol.8 , Issue.10 , pp. 1439-1442
    • Verma, R.1    Khanna, P.2
  • 26
    • 0037202849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mercury concentrations and metabolism in infants receiving vaccines containing thiomersal: a descriptive study
    • Pichichero M.E., Cernichiari E., Lopreiato J., Treanor J. Mercury concentrations and metabolism in infants receiving vaccines containing thiomersal: a descriptive study. Lancet 2002, 360(9347):1737-1741.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , Issue.9347 , pp. 1737-1741
    • Pichichero, M.E.1    Cernichiari, E.2    Lopreiato, J.3    Treanor, J.4
  • 27
    • 70249129348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mercury levels in premature and low birth weight newborn infants after receipt of thimerosal-containing vaccines
    • Pichichero M.E., Gentile A., Giglio N., et al. Mercury levels in premature and low birth weight newborn infants after receipt of thimerosal-containing vaccines. J Pediatr 2009, 155:495-499.
    • (2009) J Pediatr , vol.155 , pp. 495-499
    • Pichichero, M.E.1    Gentile, A.2    Giglio, N.3
  • 28
    • 38849173902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mercury levels in newborns and infants after receipt of thimerosal-containing vaccines
    • Pichichero M.E., Gentile A., Giglio N., et al. Mercury levels in newborns and infants after receipt of thimerosal-containing vaccines. Pediatrics 2008, 121:e208-e214.
    • (2008) Pediatrics , vol.121 , pp. e208-e214
    • Pichichero, M.E.1    Gentile, A.2    Giglio, N.3
  • 29
    • 0034036712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iatrogenic exposure to mercury after hepatitis B vaccination in preterm infants
    • Stajich G.V., Lopez G.P., Harry S.W., Sexson W.R. Iatrogenic exposure to mercury after hepatitis B vaccination in preterm infants. J Ediatr 2000, 136:679-681.
    • (2000) J Ediatr , vol.136 , pp. 679-681
    • Stajich, G.V.1    Lopez, G.P.2    Harry, S.W.3    Sexson, W.R.4
  • 30
    • 34249828872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hair mercury in breast-fed infants exposed to thimerosal-preserved vaccines
    • Marques R.C., Dorea J.G., Fonseca M.F., Bastos W.R., Malm O. Hair mercury in breast-fed infants exposed to thimerosal-preserved vaccines. Eur J Pediatr 2007, 166:935-941.
    • (2007) Eur J Pediatr , vol.166 , pp. 935-941
    • Marques, R.C.1    Dorea, J.G.2    Fonseca, M.F.3    Bastos, W.R.4    Malm, O.5
  • 31
    • 0015366195 scopus 로고
    • Six cases of poisoning after parenteral organic mercurial compound (Merthiolate)
    • Axton J.H. Six cases of poisoning after parenteral organic mercurial compound (Merthiolate). Postgrad Med J 1972, 48:417-421.
    • (1972) Postgrad Med J , vol.48 , pp. 417-421
    • Axton, J.H.1
  • 32
    • 0017571695 scopus 로고
    • Organ mercury levels in infants with omphaloceles treated with organic mercurial antiseptic
    • Fagan D.G., Pritchard J.S., Clarkson T.W., Greenwood M.R. Organ mercury levels in infants with omphaloceles treated with organic mercurial antiseptic. Arch Dis Child 1977, 52(12):962-964.
    • (1977) Arch Dis Child , vol.52 , Issue.12 , pp. 962-964
    • Fagan, D.G.1    Pritchard, J.S.2    Clarkson, T.W.3    Greenwood, M.R.4
  • 33
    • 0021362674 scopus 로고
    • Mercury toxicity following merthiolate ear irrigations
    • Rohyans J., Walson P.D., Wood G.A., MacDonald W.A. Mercury toxicity following merthiolate ear irrigations. J Pediatr 1984 Feb, 104(2):311-313.
    • (1984) J Pediatr , vol.104 , Issue.2 , pp. 311-313
    • Rohyans, J.1    Walson, P.D.2    Wood, G.A.3    MacDonald, W.A.4
  • 34
    • 0018861237 scopus 로고
    • Accidental ethyl mercury poisoning with nervous system, skeletal muscle, and myocardium injury
    • Cinca I., Dumitrescu I., Onaca P., Serbanescu A., Nestorescu B. Accidental ethyl mercury poisoning with nervous system, skeletal muscle, and myocardium injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1980, 43(2):143-149.
    • (1980) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 143-149
    • Cinca, I.1    Dumitrescu, I.2    Onaca, P.3    Serbanescu, A.4    Nestorescu, B.5
  • 36
    • 0015254732 scopus 로고
    • Granosan poisoning in children
    • [37]
    • Maltsev P.V. Granosan poisoning in children. Feldsher Akush 1972, 37(1):14-16. [37].
    • (1972) Feldsher Akush , vol.37 , Issue.1 , pp. 14-16
    • Maltsev, P.V.1
  • 37
    • 36749009196 scopus 로고
    • Clinical picture and treatment of organomercurial pesticide poisoning in children
    • Ramanauskayte M.B., Baublis P.P. Clinical picture and treatment of organomercurial pesticide poisoning in children. Pediatr Moscow 1973, 32(2):56-60.
    • (1973) Pediatr Moscow , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 56-60
    • Ramanauskayte, M.B.1    Baublis, P.P.2
  • 38
    • 84871880204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurodevelopment of Amazonia infants: antenatal and postnatal exposure to methyl- and ethylmercury
    • Dorea J.G., Marques R.C., Isejima C. Neurodevelopment of Amazonia infants: antenatal and postnatal exposure to methyl- and ethylmercury. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012, 2012:132876.
    • (2012) J Biomed Biotechnol , vol.2012 , pp. 132876
    • Dorea, J.G.1    Marques, R.C.2    Isejima, C.3
  • 39
    • 68249086214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal and postnatal mercury exposure, breastfeeding and neurodevelopment during the first 5years
    • Marques R.C., Dorea J.G., Bernardi J.V., Bastos W.R., Malm O. Prenatal and postnatal mercury exposure, breastfeeding and neurodevelopment during the first 5years. Cogn Behav Neurol 2009, 22(2):134-141.
    • (2009) Cogn Behav Neurol , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 134-141
    • Marques, R.C.1    Dorea, J.G.2    Bernardi, J.V.3    Bastos, W.R.4    Malm, O.5
  • 40
    • 84893395889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perinatal multiple exposure to neurotoxic (lead, methylmercury, ethylmercury, and aluminum) substances and neurodevelopment at six and 24months of age
    • Marques R.C., Bernard J.V., Dorea J.G., de Fatima R., Moreira M., Malm O. Perinatal multiple exposure to neurotoxic (lead, methylmercury, ethylmercury, and aluminum) substances and neurodevelopment at six and 24months of age. Environ Pollut 2014, 187:130-135.
    • (2014) Environ Pollut , vol.187 , pp. 130-135
    • Marques, R.C.1    Bernard, J.V.2    Dorea, J.G.3    de Fatima, R.4    Moreira, M.5    Malm, O.6
  • 41
    • 84868225279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal exposure to Thimerosal from vaccines and child development in the first 3years of life
    • Mrozek-Budzyn D., Majewska R., Kieltyka A., Augustyniak M. Neonatal exposure to Thimerosal from vaccines and child development in the first 3years of life. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2012, 34(6):592-597.
    • (2012) Neurotoxicol Teratol , vol.34 , Issue.6 , pp. 592-597
    • Mrozek-Budzyn, D.1    Majewska, R.2    Kieltyka, A.3    Augustyniak, M.4
  • 42
    • 79957898817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in the prevalence of developmental disabilities in US children, 1997-2008
    • Boyle C.A., Boulet S., Schieve L.A., et al. Trends in the prevalence of developmental disabilities in US children, 1997-2008. Pediatrics 2011, 127(6):1034-1042.
    • (2011) Pediatrics , vol.127 , Issue.6 , pp. 1034-1042
    • Boyle, C.A.1    Boulet, S.2    Schieve, L.A.3
  • 43
    • 84891504741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A two-phase study evaluating the relationship between Thimerosal-containing vaccine administration and the risk for an autism spectrum disorder in the United States
    • Geier D.A., Hooker B.S., Kern J.K., King P.G., Sykes L.K., Geier M.R. A two-phase study evaluating the relationship between Thimerosal-containing vaccine administration and the risk for an autism spectrum disorder in the United States. Transl Neurodegener 2013, 2(1):25.
    • (2013) Transl Neurodegener , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 25
    • Geier, D.A.1    Hooker, B.S.2    Kern, J.K.3    King, P.G.4    Sykes, L.K.5    Geier, M.R.6
  • 44
    • 45849123206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thimerosal exposure in infants and neurodevelopmental disorders: an assessment of computerized medical records in the Vaccine Safety Datalink
    • Young H.A., Geier D.A., Geier M.R. Thimerosal exposure in infants and neurodevelopmental disorders: an assessment of computerized medical records in the Vaccine Safety Datalink. J Neurol Sci 2008, 271(1-2):110-118.
    • (2008) J Neurol Sci , vol.271 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 110-118
    • Young, H.A.1    Geier, D.A.2    Geier, M.R.3
  • 45
    • 78249243424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B vaccination of male neonates and autism diagnosis, NHIS 1997-2002
    • Gallagher C.M., Goodman M.S. Hepatitis B vaccination of male neonates and autism diagnosis, NHIS 1997-2002. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2010, 73(24):1665-1677.
    • (2010) J Toxicol Environ Health A , vol.73 , Issue.24 , pp. 1665-1677
    • Gallagher, C.M.1    Goodman, M.S.2
  • 46
    • 33845972290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis epidemiological assessment of neurodevelopmental disorders following vaccines administered from 1994 through 2000 in the United States
    • Geier D.A., Geier M.R. A meta-analysis epidemiological assessment of neurodevelopmental disorders following vaccines administered from 1994 through 2000 in the United States. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2006, 27(4):401-413.
    • (2006) Neuro Endocrinol Lett , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 401-413
    • Geier, D.A.1    Geier, M.R.2
  • 47
    • 43349095268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurodevelopmental disorders, maternal Rh-negativity, and Rho(D) immune globulins: a multi-center assessment
    • Geier D.A., Mumper E., Gladfelter B., Coleman L., Geier M.R. Neurodevelopmental disorders, maternal Rh-negativity, and Rho(D) immune globulins: a multi-center assessment. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2008, 29(2):272-280.
    • (2008) Neuro Endocrinol Lett , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 272-280
    • Geier, D.A.1    Mumper, E.2    Gladfelter, B.3    Coleman, L.4    Geier, M.R.5
  • 48
    • 34547670583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of thimerosal-containing Rho(D)-immune globulin administration as a risk factor for autistic disorders
    • Geier D.A., Geier M.R. A prospective study of thimerosal-containing Rho(D)-immune globulin administration as a risk factor for autistic disorders. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2007, 20(5):385-390.
    • (2007) J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med , vol.20 , Issue.5 , pp. 385-390
    • Geier, D.A.1    Geier, M.R.2
  • 49
    • 0041694381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced levels of mercury in first baby haircuts of autistic children
    • Holmes A.S., Blaxill M.F., Haley B.E. Reduced levels of mercury in first baby haircuts of autistic children. Int J Toxicol 2003, 22(4):277-285.
    • (2003) Int J Toxicol , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 277-285
    • Holmes, A.S.1    Blaxill, M.F.2    Haley, B.E.3
  • 50
    • 34247349622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case series of children with apparent mercury toxic encephalopathies manifesting with clinical symptoms of regressive autistic disorders
    • Geier D.A., Geier M.R. A case series of children with apparent mercury toxic encephalopathies manifesting with clinical symptoms of regressive autistic disorders. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2007, 70(10):837-851.
    • (2007) J Toxicol Environ Health A , vol.70 , Issue.10 , pp. 837-851
    • Geier, D.A.1    Geier, M.R.2
  • 52
    • 0042763207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thimerosal and the occurrence of autism: negative ecological evidence from Danish population-based data
    • Madsen K.M., Lauritsen M.B., Pedersen C.B., et al. Thimerosal and the occurrence of autism: negative ecological evidence from Danish population-based data. Pediatrics 2003, 112:604-606.
    • (2003) Pediatrics , vol.112 , pp. 604-606
    • Madsen, K.M.1    Lauritsen, M.B.2    Pedersen, C.B.3
  • 53
    • 0042168836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autism and thimerosal-containing vaccines: lack of consistent evidence for an association
    • Stehr-Green P., Tull P., Stellfeld M., Mortenson P.B., Simpson D. Autism and thimerosal-containing vaccines: lack of consistent evidence for an association. Am J Prev Med 2003, 25:101-106.
    • (2003) Am J Prev Med , vol.25 , pp. 101-106
    • Stehr-Green, P.1    Tull, P.2    Stellfeld, M.3    Mortenson, P.B.4    Simpson, D.5
  • 54
    • 0141705370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between thimerosal-containing vaccine and autism
    • Hviid A., Stellfeld M., Wohlfahrt J., Melbye M. Association between thimerosal-containing vaccine and autism. JAMA 2003, 290:1763-1766.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.290 , pp. 1763-1766
    • Hviid, A.1    Stellfeld, M.2    Wohlfahrt, J.3    Melbye, M.4
  • 55
    • 4344620583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thimerosal exposure in infants and developmental disorders: a retrospective cohort study in the United Kingdom does not support a causal association
    • Andrews N., Miller E., Grant A., Stowe J., Osborne V., Taylor B. Thimerosal exposure in infants and developmental disorders: a retrospective cohort study in the United Kingdom does not support a causal association. Pediatrics 2004, 114:584-591.
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.114 , pp. 584-591
    • Andrews, N.1    Miller, E.2    Grant, A.3    Stowe, J.4    Osborne, V.5    Taylor, B.6
  • 56
    • 0242300675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of thimerosal-containing vaccines: a two-phased study of computerized health maintenance organization databases
    • Verstraeten T., Davis R.L., DeStefano F., et al. Safety of thimerosal-containing vaccines: a two-phased study of computerized health maintenance organization databases. Pediatrics 2003, 112:1039-1048.
    • (2003) Pediatrics , vol.112 , pp. 1039-1048
    • Verstraeten, T.1    Davis, R.L.2    DeStefano, F.3
  • 57
    • 77957718695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal and infant exposure to thimerosal from vaccines and immunoglobulins and risk of autism
    • Price C.S., Thompson W.W., Goodson B., et al. Prenatal and infant exposure to thimerosal from vaccines and immunoglobulins and risk of autism. Pediatrics 2010, 126:656-664.
    • (2010) Pediatrics , vol.126 , pp. 656-664
    • Price, C.S.1    Thompson, W.W.2    Goodson, B.3
  • 58
    • 84903592161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methodological issues and evidence of malfeasance in research purporting to show thimerosal in vaccines is safe
    • Hooker B.S., Kern J.K., Geier D.A., et al. Methodological issues and evidence of malfeasance in research purporting to show thimerosal in vaccines is safe. BioMed Res Int 2014, 2014:247218.
    • (2014) BioMed Res Int , vol.2014 , pp. 247218
    • Hooker, B.S.1    Kern, J.K.2    Geier, D.A.3
  • 59
    • 84884673615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R.T.Hilten Vaccine safety study as an interesting case of "over-matching"
    • PMF (Ed.)
    • DeSoto M.C., R.T.Hitlan Vaccine safety study as an interesting case of "over-matching". Recent Advances in Autism Spectrum Disorders 2013, vol. I. PMF (Ed.).
    • (2013) Recent Advances in Autism Spectrum Disorders , vol.1
    • DeSoto, M.C.1
  • 60
    • 17444424266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A two-phased population epidemiological study of the safety of thimerosal-containing vaccines: a follow-up analysis
    • Geier D.A., Geier M.R. A two-phased population epidemiological study of the safety of thimerosal-containing vaccines: a follow-up analysis. Med Sci Monit 2005, 11(4):CR160-CR170.
    • (2005) Med Sci Monit , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. CR160-CR170
    • Geier, D.A.1    Geier, M.R.2
  • 61
  • 62
    • 34748875855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early thimerosal exposure and neuropsychological outcomes at 7 to 10years
    • Thompson W.W., Price C., Goodson B., et al. Early thimerosal exposure and neuropsychological outcomes at 7 to 10years. N Engl J Med 2007, 357(13):1281-1292.
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.357 , Issue.13 , pp. 1281-1292
    • Thompson, W.W.1    Price, C.2    Goodson, B.3
  • 63
    • 0038433405 scopus 로고
    • Collective poisonings caused by pesticides: mechanism of production-mechanism of prevention
    • Ferrer A., Cabral R. Collective poisonings caused by pesticides: mechanism of production-mechanism of prevention. Rev Environ Toxicol 1993, 5:161-201.
    • (1993) Rev Environ Toxicol , vol.5 , pp. 161-201
    • Ferrer, A.1    Cabral, R.2
  • 64
    • 0017060602 scopus 로고
    • Organomercury poisoning in Iraq: history prior to the 1971-72 outbreak
    • Al-Damluji S.F. Organomercury poisoning in Iraq: history prior to the 1971-72 outbreak. Bull World Health Organ 1976, 53:11-13.
    • (1976) Bull World Health Organ , vol.53 , pp. 11-13
    • Al-Damluji, S.F.1
  • 66
    • 0000549220 scopus 로고
    • Poisoning by ethyl mercury toluene sulphonanilide
    • Jalili M.A., Abbasi A.H. Poisoning by ethyl mercury toluene sulphonanilide. Br J Ind Med 1961, 18:303-308.
    • (1961) Br J Ind Med , vol.18 , pp. 303-308
    • Jalili, M.A.1    Abbasi, A.H.2
  • 67
    • 0021362207 scopus 로고
    • Clinical observations in ethyl mercury chloride poisoning
    • Zhang J. Clinical observations in ethyl mercury chloride poisoning. Am J Ind Med 1984, 5(3):251-258.
    • (1984) Am J Ind Med , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 251-258
    • Zhang, J.1
  • 68
    • 0015953592 scopus 로고
    • Outbreak of food poisoning due to alkyl-mercury fungicide on southern Ghana state farm
    • Derban L.K. Outbreak of food poisoning due to alkyl-mercury fungicide on southern Ghana state farm. Arch Environ Health 1974, 28(1):49-52.
    • (1974) Arch Environ Health , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-52
    • Derban, L.K.1
  • 69
    • 33644876829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thimerosal induces neuronal cell apoptosis by causing cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor release from mitochondria
    • Yel L., Brown L.E., Su K., Gollapudi S., Gupta S. Thimerosal induces neuronal cell apoptosis by causing cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor release from mitochondria. Int J Mol Med 2005, 16(6):971-977.
    • (2005) Int J Mol Med , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 971-977
    • Yel, L.1    Brown, L.E.2    Su, K.3    Gollapudi, S.4    Gupta, S.5
  • 70
    • 70449367314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired oxidative-reduction activity, degeneration, and death in human neuronal and fetal cells induced by low-level exposure to thimerosal and other metal compounds
    • Geier D.A., King P.G., Geier M.R. Mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired oxidative-reduction activity, degeneration, and death in human neuronal and fetal cells induced by low-level exposure to thimerosal and other metal compounds. Toxicol Environ Chem 2009, 91(3-4):735-749.
    • (2009) Toxicol Environ Chem , vol.91 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 735-749
    • Geier, D.A.1    King, P.G.2    Geier, M.R.3
  • 71
    • 26944493075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of thimerosal on NGF signal transduction and cell death in neuroblastoma cells
    • Parran D.K., Barker A., Ehrich M. Effect of thimerosal on NGF signal transduction and cell death in neuroblastoma cells. Toxicol Sci 2005, 86(1):132-140.
    • (2005) Toxicol Sci , vol.86 , Issue.1 , pp. 132-140
    • Parran, D.K.1    Barker, A.2    Ehrich, M.3
  • 72
    • 33745620144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thimerosal induces apoptosis in neuroblastoma model via the cJun N-terminal kinase pathway
    • Herdman M.L., Marcelo A., Huang Y., Niles R.M., Dhar S., Kiningham K.K. Thimerosal induces apoptosis in neuroblastoma model via the cJun N-terminal kinase pathway. Toxicol Sci 2006, 92(1):246-253.
    • (2006) Toxicol Sci , vol.92 , Issue.1 , pp. 246-253
    • Herdman, M.L.1    Marcelo, A.2    Huang, Y.3    Niles, R.M.4    Dhar, S.5    Kiningham, K.K.6
  • 73
    • 0041589365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thimerosal induces DNA breaks, caspase-3 activation, membrane damage, and cell death in cultured human neurons and fibroblasts
    • Baskin D.S., Ngo H., Didenko V.V. Thimerosal induces DNA breaks, caspase-3 activation, membrane damage, and cell death in cultured human neurons and fibroblasts. Toxicol Sci 2003, 74(2):361-368.
    • (2003) Toxicol Sci , vol.74 , Issue.2 , pp. 361-368
    • Baskin, D.S.1    Ngo, H.2    Didenko, V.V.3
  • 74
    • 20344371194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial mediated thimerosal-induced apoptosis in a human neuroblastoma cell line (SK-N-SH)
    • Humphrey M.L., Cole M.P., Pendergrass J.C., Kiningham K.K. Mitochondrial mediated thimerosal-induced apoptosis in a human neuroblastoma cell line (SK-N-SH). Neurotoxicology 2005, 26(3):407-416.
    • (2005) Neurotoxicology , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 407-416
    • Humphrey, M.L.1    Cole, M.P.2    Pendergrass, J.C.3    Kiningham, K.K.4
  • 75
    • 84864758119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of developmental toxicants and signaling pathways in a functional test based on the migration of human neural crest cells
    • Zimmer B., Lee G., Balmer N.V., et al. Evaluation of developmental toxicants and signaling pathways in a functional test based on the migration of human neural crest cells. Environ Health Perspect 2012, 120(8):116-1122.
    • (2012) Environ Health Perspect , vol.120 , Issue.8 , pp. 116-1122
    • Zimmer, B.1    Lee, G.2    Balmer, N.V.3
  • 76
    • 11144357815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of methionine synthase by insulin-like growth factor-1 and dopamine: a target for neurodevelopmental toxins and thimerosal
    • Waly M., Olteanu H., Banerjee R., et al. Activation of methionine synthase by insulin-like growth factor-1 and dopamine: a target for neurodevelopmental toxins and thimerosal. Mol Psychiatry 2004, 9(4):358-370.
    • (2004) Mol Psychiatry , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 358-370
    • Waly, M.1    Olteanu, H.2    Banerjee, R.3
  • 77
    • 68849131751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and mitochondrial glutathione redox imbalance in lymphoblastoid cells derived from children with autism
    • James S.J., Rose S., Melnyk S., et al. Cellular and mitochondrial glutathione redox imbalance in lymphoblastoid cells derived from children with autism. FASEB J 2009, 23(8):2374-2383.
    • (2009) FASEB J , vol.23 , Issue.8 , pp. 2374-2383
    • James, S.J.1    Rose, S.2    Melnyk, S.3
  • 78
    • 84880175042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B-lymphocytes from a population of children with autism spectrum disorder and their unaffected siblings exhibit hypersensitivity to thimerosal
    • Sharpe M.A., Gist T.L., Baskin D.S. B-lymphocytes from a population of children with autism spectrum disorder and their unaffected siblings exhibit hypersensitivity to thimerosal. J Toxicol 2013, 2013:801517.
    • (2013) J Toxicol , vol.2013 , pp. 801517
    • Sharpe, M.A.1    Gist, T.L.2    Baskin, D.S.3
  • 79
    • 84879594818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative study on methyl- and ethylmercury-induced toxicity in C6 glioma cells and the potential role of LAT-1 in mediating mercurial-thiol complexes uptake
    • Zimmermann L.T., Santos D.B., Naime A.A., et al. Comparative study on methyl- and ethylmercury-induced toxicity in C6 glioma cells and the potential role of LAT-1 in mediating mercurial-thiol complexes uptake. Neurotoxicology 2013, 38:1-8.
    • (2013) Neurotoxicology , vol.38 , pp. 1-8
    • Zimmermann, L.T.1    Santos, D.B.2    Naime, A.A.3
  • 80
    • 84898035171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On-line species-unspecific isotope dilution analysis in the picomolar range reveals the time- and species-depending mercury uptake in human astrocytes
    • Wehe C.A., Pieper I., Holtkamp M., et al. On-line species-unspecific isotope dilution analysis in the picomolar range reveals the time- and species-depending mercury uptake in human astrocytes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014, 406(7):1909-1916.
    • (2014) Anal Bioanal Chem , vol.406 , Issue.7 , pp. 1909-1916
    • Wehe, C.A.1    Pieper, I.2    Holtkamp, M.3
  • 81
    • 84924197785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [Updated in 2014. Accessed 5/9/2014]
    • World Health Organization Biologics. Thimerosal [Updated in 2014. Accessed 5/9/2014]. http://www.who.int/biologicals/areas/vaccines/thiomersal/en/.
    • Biologics. Thimerosal


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.