B-lymphocytes from a population of children with autism spectrum disorder and their unaffected siblings exhibit hypersensitivity to thimerosal

Journal of Toxicology

Volumn 2013, Issue , 2013, Pages

  Sharpe, Martyn A ^a   Gist, Taylor L ^a   Baskin, David S ^a  

^a HOUSTON METHODIST RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBONYL DERIVATIVE; OXIDIZING AGENT; THIOMERSAL;

ARTICLE; AUTISM; B LYMPHOCYTE; CELL GROWTH; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FAMILY; HUMAN; HYPERSENSITIVITY; INHIBITION KINETICS; LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATION; MITOCHONDRIA FUNCTION; MITOCHONDRION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SIBLING; TWINS;

EID: 84880175042     PISSN: 16878191     EISSN: 16878205     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2013/801517     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. CDC, Prevention C. f.D.a., Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). in: C.f.D.C.a. Prevention, (Ed.), US Government, 2012
2. CDC, Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders-autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 14 sites, United States, 2002. MMWR. Surveillance Summaries: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries 2007 56 12 28
3. Knapp M., Romeo R., Beecham J., Economic cost of autism in the UK. Autism 2009 13 3 317 336 2-s2.0-65449119595 10.1177/1362361309104246
4. Ganz M. L., The lifetime distribution of the incremental societal costs of autism. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 2007 161 4 343 349 2-s2.0-34147168331 10.1001/archpedi.161.4.343
5. Shimabukuro T. T., Grosse S. D., Rice C., Medical expenditures for children with an autism spectrum disorder in a privately insured population. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 2008 38 3 546 552 2-s2.0-40049088277 10.1007/s10803-007-0424-y
6. Leslie D. L., Martin A., Health care expenditures associated with autism spectrum disorders. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 2007 161 4 350 355 2-s2.0-34147151335 10.1001/archpedi.161.4.350
7. USEPA, TMDL Status by EPA Region. US Government, 2007
8. Geier D. A., Sykes L. K., Geier M. R., A review of Thimerosal (Merthiolate) and its ethylmercury breakdown product: specific historical considerations regarding safety and effectiveness. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B 2007 10 8 575 596 2-s2.0-36749095785 10.1080/10937400701389875
9. Bernard S., Enayati A., Redwood L., Roger H., Binstock T., Autism: a novel form of mercury poisoning. Medical Hypotheses 2001 56 4 462 471 2-s2.0-0035036069 10.1054/mehy.2000.1281
10. François G., Duclos P., Margolis H., Lavanchy D., Siegrist C., Meheus A., Lambert P., Emirolu N., Badur S., Van Damme P., Vaccine safety controversies and the future of vaccination programs. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 2005 24 11 953 961 2-s2.0-28044454979 10.1097/01.inf.0000183853. 16113.a6
11. Pichichero M. E., Cernichiari E., Lopreiato J., Treanor J., Mercury concentrations and metabolism in infants receiving vaccines containing thiomersal: a descriptive study. The Lancet 2002 360 9347 1737 1741 2-s2.0-0037202849 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11682-5
12. Stajich G. V., Lopez G. P., Harry S. W., Sexson W. R., Iatrogenic exposure to mercury after hepatitis B vaccination in preterm infants. Journal of Pediatrics 2000 136 5 679 681 2-s2.0-0034036712
13. Clements C. J., McIntyre P. B., When science is not enough-a risk/benefit profile of thiomersal-containing vaccines. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 2006 5 1 17 29 2-s2.0-30344458453 10.1517/14740338.5.1.17
14. Gallagher C., Goodman M., Hepatitis B triple series vaccine and developmental disability in US children aged 1-9 years. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 2008 90 5 997 1008 2-s2.0-56249109122 10.1080/02772240701806501
15. Madsen K. M., Lauritsen M. B., Pedersen C. B., Thorsen P., Plesner A., Andersen P. H., Mortensen P. B., Thimerosal and the occurrence of autism: negative ecological evidence from Danish population-based data. Pediatrics 2003 112 3 604 606 2-s2.0-0042763207 10.1542/peds.112.3.604
16. Young H. A., Geier D. A., Geier M. R., Thimerosal exposure in infants and neurodevelopmental disorders: an assessment of computerized medical records in the Vaccine Safety Datalink. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 2008 271 1-2 110 118 2-s2.0-45849123206 10.1016/j.jns.2008.04.002
17. Badawi N., Dixon G., Felix J. F., Keogh J. M., Petterson B., Stanley F. J., Kurinczuk J. J., Autism following a history of newborn encephalopathy: more than a coincidence? Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 2006 48 2 85 89 2-s2.0-31144464016 10.1017/S001216220600020X
18. Geier D. A., Geier M. R., A case series of children with apparent mercury toxic encephalopathies manifesting with clinical symptoms of regressive autistic disorders. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part A 2007 70 10 837 851 2-s2.0-34247349622 10.1080/15287390701212141
19. Holtzman D., Autistic spectrum disorders and mitochondrial encephalopathies. Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics 2008 97 7 859 860 2-s2.0-44849131678 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.00883.x
20. Poling J. S., Frye R. E., Shoffner J., Zimmerman A. W., Developmental regression and mitochondrial dysfunction in a child with autism. Journal of Child Neurology 2006 21 2 170 172 2-s2.0-33646830596 10.1177/ 08830738060210021401
21. Doja A., Genetics and the myth of vaccine encephalopathy. Paediatrics and Child Health 2008 13 7 597 599 2-s2.0-57549106410
22. Offit P. A., Vaccines and autism revisited-the Hannah poling case. The New England Journal of Medicine 2008 358 20 2089 2091 2-s2.0-43549093346 10.1056/NEJMp0802904
23. McGinnis W. R., Could oxidative stress from psychosocial stress affect neurodevelopment in autism? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 2007 37 5 993 994 2-s2.0-34249043322 10.1007/s10803-007-0372-6
24. Tsukahara H., Biomarkers for oxidative stress: clinical application in pediatric medicine. Current Medicinal Chemistry 2007 14 3 339 351 2-s2.0-33847183839 10.2174/092986707779941177
25. Chauhan A., Chauhan V., Oxidative stress in autism. Pathophysiology 2006 13 3 171 181 2-s2.0-33745699617 10.1016/j.pathophys.2006.05.007
26. Zoroglu S. S., Armutcu F., Ozen S., Gurel A., Sivasli E., Yetkin O., Meram I., Increased oxidative stress and altered activities of erythrocyte free radical scavenging enzymes in autism. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 2004 254 3 143 147 2-s2.0-4243077662 10.1007/s00406-004- 0456-7
27. James S. J., Rose S., Melnyk S., Jernigan S., Blossom S., Pavliv O., Gaylor D. W., Cellular and mitochondrial glutathione redox imbalance in lymphoblastoid cells derived from children with autism. FASEB Journal 2009 23 8 2374 2383 2-s2.0-68849131751 10.1096/fj.08-128926
28. Cave S. F., The history of vaccinations in the light of the autism epidemic. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine 2008 14 6 54 57 2-s2.0-58149359851
29. Hazlett H. C., Poe M. D., Gerig G., Styner M., Chappell C., Smith R. G., Vachet C., Piven J., Early brain overgrowth in autism associated with an increase in cortical surface area before age 2 years. Archives of General Psychiatry 2011 68 5 467 476 2-s2.0-79955601366 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011. 39
30. Whitney E. R., Kemper T. L., Bauman M. L., Rosene D. L., Blatt G. J., Cerebellar Purkinje cells are reduced in a subpopulation of autistic brains: a stereological experiment using calbindin-D28k. Cerebellum 2008 7 3 406 416 2-s2.0-53849140787 10.1007/s12311-008-0043-y
31. Wegiel J., Kuchna I., Nowicki K., Imaki H., Wegiel J., Marchi E., Ma S. Y., Chauhan A., Chauhan V., Bobrowicz T. W., De Leon M., Louis L. A. S., Cohen I. L., London E., Brown W. T., Wisniewski T., The neuropathology of autism: defects of neurogenesis and neuronal migration, and dysplastic changes. Acta Neuropathologica 2010 119 6 755 770 2-s2.0-77953028667 10.1007/s00401-010-0655-4
32. Kleinhans N. M., Richards T., Sterling L., Stegbauer K. C., Mahurin R., Johnson L. C., Greenson J., Dawson G., Aylward E., Abnormal functional connectivity in autism spectrum disorders during face processing. Brain 2008 131 4 1000 1012 2-s2.0-41849127049 10.1093/brain/awm334
33. Han D., Chen X., Liang R., Dong B., Yin W., Inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis and differentiation of leukemic cell line HL-60 by sodium valproate. Journal of Experimental Hematology 2006 14 1 21 24 2-s2.0-36049001165
34. Hrzenjak A., Moinfar F., Kremser M., Strohmeier B., Staber P. B., Zatloukal K., Denk H., Valproate inhibition of histone deacetylase 2 affects differentiation and decreases proliferation of endometrial stromal sarcoma cells. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 2006 5 9 2203 2210 2-s2.0-33749572938 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-05-0480
35. Miyata M., Tamura E., Motoki K., Nagata K., Yamazoe Y., Thalidomide-induced suppression of embryo fibroblast proliferation requires CYP1A1-mediated activation. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 2003 31 4 469 475 2-s2.0-0037377922 10.1124/dmd.31.4.469
36. Spraul C. W., Kaven C., Kampmeier J., Lang G. K., Lang G. E., Effect of thalidomide, octreotide, and prednisolone on the migration and proliferation of RPE cells in vitro. Current Eye Research 1999 19 6 483 490 2-s2.0-0033374052
37. Moreira A. L., Friedlander D. R., Shif B., Kaplan G., Zagzag D., Thalidomide and a thalidomide analogue inhibit endothelial cell proliferation in vitro. Journal of Neuro-Oncology 1999 43 2 109 114 2-s2.0-0032865755 10.1023/A:1006202700039
38. Korzeniewski C., Callewaert D. M., An enzyme-release assay for natural cytotoxicity. Journal of Immunological Methods 1983 64 3 313 320 2-s2.0-0021038289 10.1016/0022-1759(83)90438-6
39. Decker T., Lohmann-Matthes M.-L., A quick and simple method for the quantitation of lactate dehydrogenase release in measurements of cellular cytotoxicity and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) activity. Journal of Immunological Methods 1988 115 1 61 69 2-s2.0-0023738916
40. Weidmann E., Brieger J., Jahn B., Hoelzer D., Bergmann L., Mitrou P. S., Lactate dehydrogenase-release assay: a reliable, nonradioactive technique for analysis of cytotoxic lymphocyte-mediated lytic activity against blasts from acute myelocytic leukemia. Annals of Hematology 1995 70 3 153 158 2-s2.0-0028939609 10.1007/s002770050049
41. Cory A. H., Owen T. C., Barltrop J. A., Cory J. G., Use of an aqueous soluble tetrazolium/formazan assay for cell growth assays in culture. Cancer Communications 1991 3 7 207 212 2-s2.0-0025899234
42. Riss T. L., Moravec R. A., Office U. P., Cytotoxicity assay. in: U.P. Office, (Ed.), Promega Corporation, Fitchburg, Wis, USA, 2006
43. Scudiero D. A., Shoemaker R. H., Paull K. D., Monks A., Tierney S., Nofziger T. H., Currens M. J., Seniff D., Boyd M. R., Evaluation of a soluble tetrazolium/formazan assay for cell growth and drug sensitivity in culture using human and other tumor cell lines. Cancer Research 1988 48 17 4827 4833 2-s2.0-0023792919
44. Holzmann H., Vollmer S., A likelihood ratio test for bimodality in two-component mixtures with application to regional income distribution in the EU. AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis 2008 92 1 57 69 2-s2.0-46649120308 10.1007/s10182-008-0057-2
45. Howell B. F., McCune S., Schaffer R., Lactate-to-pyruvate or pyruvate-to-lactate assay for lactate dehydrogenase: a re-examination. Clinical Chemistry 1979 25 2 269 272 2-s2.0-0018347867
46. Pichichero M. E., Gentile A., Giglio N., Alonso M. M., Fernandez Mentaberri M. V., Zareba G., Clarkson T., Gotelli C., Gotelli M., Yan L., Treanor J., Mercury levels in premature and low birth weight newborn infants after receipt of thimerosal-containing vaccines. Journal of Pediatrics 2009 155 4 495 e2 2-s2.0-70249129348 10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.04.011
47. Zareba G., Cernichiari E., Hojo R., Mc Nitt S., Weiss B., Mumtaz M. M., Jones D. E., Clarkson T. W., Thimerosal distribution and metabolism in neonatal mice: comparison with methyl mercury. Journal of Applied Toxicology 2007 27 5 511 518 2-s2.0-34547903578 10.1002/jat.1272
48. Burbacher T. M., Shen D. D., Liberato N., Grant K. S., Cernichiari E., Clarkson T., Comparison of blood and brain mercury levels in infant monkeys exposed to methylmercury or vaccines containing thimerosal. Environmental Health Perspectives 2005 113 8 1015 1021 2-s2.0-23844550553 10.1289/ehp.7712
49. Ball L. K., Ball R., Pratt R. D., An assessment of thimerosal use in childhood vaccines. Pediatrics 2001 107 5 1147 1154 2-s2.0-0035025386 10.1542/peds.107.5.1147
50. Baron-Cohen S., The extreme male brain theory of autism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2002 6 6 248 254 2-s2.0-0036606475 10.1016/S1364-6613(02) 01904-6
51. Prandota J., Autism spectrum disorders may be due to cerebral toxoplasmosis associated with chronic neuroinflammation causing persistent hypercytokinemia that resulted in an increased lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and depressed metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substances. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 2010 4 2 119 155 2-s2.0-73749087112 10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.011
52. Oliveira G., Diogo L., Grazina M., Garcia P., Ataíde A., Marques C., Miguel T., Borges L., Vicente A. M., Oliveira C. R., Mitochondrial dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders: a population-based study. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 2005 47 3 185 189 2-s2.0-14044258489 10.1017/S0012162205000332
53. Sharpe M. A., Livingston A. D., Baskin D. S., Thimerosal-derived ethylmercury is a mitochondrial toxin in human astrocytes: possible role of fenton chemistry in the oxidation and breakage of mtDNA. Journal of Toxicology 2012 2012 12 373678 10.1155/2012/373678