메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 4, 2005, Pages

A two-phased population epidemiological study of the safety of thimerosal-containing vaccines: A follow-up analysis

Author keywords

Mercury; Merthiolate; Thimerasol; Thiomersal; VAERS; VSD

Indexed keywords

DIPHTHERIA PERTUSSIS TETANUS VACCINE; DRUG PRESERVATIVE; ETHYLMERCURY DERIVATIVE; THIOMERSAL; VACCINE;

EID: 17444424266     PISSN: 12341010     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (59)

References (55)
  • 1
    • 7944222673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What's going on? the question of time trends in autism
    • Blaxill MF: What's going on? The question of time trends in autism. Public Health Rep, 2004; 119: 536-51
    • (2004) Public Health Rep , vol.119 , pp. 536-551
    • Blaxill, M.F.1
  • 2
    • 1842635431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autism: A for pharmacotherapies?
    • Gerlai R, Gerlai J: Autism: a for pharmacotherapies? Drug Discov Today, 2004; 9: 366-74
    • (2004) Drug Discov Today , vol.9 , pp. 366-374
    • Gerlai, R.1    Gerlai, J.2
  • 3
    • 0042884430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autism: A large unmet medical need and a complex research problem
    • Gerlai R, Gerlai J: Autism: a large unmet medical need and a complex research problem. Physiol Behav, 2003; 79: 461-70
    • (2003) Physiol Behav , vol.79 , pp. 461-470
    • Gerlai, R.1    Gerlai, J.2
  • 4
    • 0034757723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of autism in a United States population: The Brick Township, New Jersey, investigation
    • Bertrand J, Mars A, Boyle C et al: Prevalence of autism in a United States population: the Brick Township, New Jersey, investigation. Pediatrics, 2001; 108: 1155-61
    • (2001) Pediatrics , vol.108 , pp. 1155-1161
    • Bertrand, J.1    Mars, A.2    Boyle, C.3
  • 5
    • 0037218690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of autism in a US metropolitan area
    • Yeargin-Allsopp M, Rice C, Karapurkar T et al: Prevalence of autism in a US metropolitan area. JAMA, 2003; 289: 49-55
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.289 , pp. 49-55
    • Yeargin-Allsopp, M.1    Rice, C.2    Karapurkar, T.3
  • 7
    • 0037398584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commentary: Blaxill, Baskin, and Spitzer on Croen et al: (2002), the changing prevalence of autism in California
    • Blaxill MF, Baskin DS, Spitzer WO: Commentary: Blaxill, Baskin, and Spitzer on Croen et al: (2002), the changing prevalence of autism in California. J Autism Dev Disord, 2003; 33: 223-26
    • (2003) J Autism Dev Disord , vol.33 , pp. 223-226
    • Blaxill, M.F.1    Baskin, D.S.2    Spitzer, W.O.3
  • 8
    • 0035025386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assessment of thimerosal use in childhood vaccines
    • Ball LK, Ball R, Pratt RD: An assessment of thimerosal use in childhood vaccines. Pediatrics, 2001; 107: 1147-54
    • (2001) Pediatrics , vol.107 , pp. 1147-1154
    • Ball, L.K.1    Ball, R.2    Pratt, R.D.3
  • 9
    • 0035210870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicted mercury concentrations in hair from infant immunizations: Cause for concern
    • Redwood L, Bernard S, Brown D: Predicted mercury concentrations in hair from infant immunizations: cause for concern. Neurotoxicology, 2001; 22: 691-97
    • (2001) Neurotoxicology , vol.22 , pp. 691-697
    • Redwood, L.1    Bernard, S.2    Brown, D.3
  • 10
    • 0035036069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autism: A novel form of mercury poisoning
    • Bernard S, Enayati A, Redwood L et al: Autism: a novel form of mercury poisoning. Med Hypotheses, 2001; 56: 462-71
    • (2001) Med Hypotheses , vol.56 , pp. 462-471
    • Bernard, S.1    Enayati, A.2    Redwood, L.3
  • 11
    • 0036348006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of mercury in the pathogenesis of autism
    • Bernard S, Enayati A, Roger H et al: The role of mercury in the pathogenesis of autism. Mol Psychiatry, 2002; 7(Suppl.2): S42-43
    • (2002) Mol Psychiatry , vol.7 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Bernard, S.1    Enayati, A.2    Roger, H.3
  • 12
    • 1942500225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thimerosal and autism? A plausible hypothesis that should not be dismissed
    • Blaxill MF, Redwood L, Bernard S: Thimerosal and autism? A plausible hypothesis that should not be dismissed. Med Hypotheses, 2004; 62: 788-94
    • (2004) Med Hypotheses , vol.62 , pp. 788-794
    • Blaxill, M.F.1    Redwood, L.2    Bernard, S.3
  • 13
    • 1542406524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative evaluation of the effects of MMR immunization and mercury doses from thimerosal-containing childhood vaccines on the population prevalence of autism
    • Geier DA, Geier MR: A comparative evaluation of the effects of MMR immunization and mercury doses from thimerosal-containing childhood vaccines on the population prevalence of autism. Med Sci Monit, 2004; 10(3): PI33-39
    • (2004) Med Sci Monit , vol.10 , Issue.3
    • Geier, D.A.1    Geier, M.R.2
  • 14
    • 0033575476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of the vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS) as a surveillance system
    • VAERS Working Group
    • Singleton JA, Lloyd JC, Mootrey GT et al: An overview of the vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS) as a surveillance system. VAERS Working Group. Vaccine, 1999; 17: 2908-17
    • (1999) Vaccine , vol.17 , pp. 2908-2917
    • Singleton, J.A.1    Lloyd, J.C.2    Mootrey, G.T.3
  • 15
    • 0029874592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The safety of acellular pertussis vaccine vs whole-cell pertussis vaccine. A postmarketing assessment
    • Rosenthal S, Chen R, Hadler S: The safety of acellular pertussis vaccine vs whole-cell pertussis vaccine. A postmarketing assessment. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 1996; 150: 457-60
    • (1996) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med , vol.150 , pp. 457-460
    • Rosenthal, S.1    Chen, R.2    Hadler, S.3
  • 17
    • 17144460170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaccine Safety Datalink project: A new tool for improving vaccine safety monitoring in the United States
    • The Vaccine Safety Datalink Team
    • Chen RT, Glasser JW, Rhodes PH et al: Vaccine Safety Datalink project: a new tool for improving vaccine safety monitoring in the United States. The Vaccine Safety Datalink Team. Pediatrics, 1997; 99: 765-73
    • (1997) Pediatrics , vol.99 , pp. 765-773
    • Chen, R.T.1    Glasser, J.W.2    Rhodes, P.H.3
  • 18
    • 0035975401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The risk of seizures after receipt of whole-cell pertussis or measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine
    • Barlow WE, Davis RL, Glasser JW et al: The risk of seizures after receipt of whole-cell pertussis or measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine. N Engl J Med, 2001; 345: 656-61
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 656-661
    • Barlow, W.E.1    Davis, R.L.2    Glasser, J.W.3
  • 19
    • 0033556167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality of HMO vaccination databases used to monitor childhood vaccine safety
    • Vaccine Safety DataLink Team
    • Mullooly J, Drew L, DeStefano F et al: Quality of HMO vaccination databases used to monitor childhood vaccine safety. Vaccine Safety DataLink Team. Am J Epidemiol, 1999; 149: 186-94
    • (1999) Am J Epidemiol , vol.149 , pp. 186-194
    • Mullooly, J.1    Drew, L.2    DeStefano, F.3
  • 20
    • 0242317701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse event reporting rates following tetanus-diphtheria and tetanus toxoid vaccinations: Data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). 1991-1997
    • Lloyd JC, Haber P, Mootrey GT et al: Adverse event reporting rates following tetanus-diphtheria and tetanus toxoid vaccinations: data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). 1991-1997. Vaccine, 2003; 21: 3746-50
    • (2003) Vaccine , vol.21 , pp. 3746-3750
    • Lloyd, J.C.1    Haber, P.2    Mootrey, G.T.3
  • 21
    • 85008579594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An errant critique that misses the mark
    • Chen R, Rosenthal S: An errant critique that misses the mark. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 1996; 150: 464-45
    • (1996) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med , vol.150 , pp. 464-445
    • Chen, R.1    Rosenthal, S.2
  • 22
    • 1542400304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System database
    • Geier DA, Geier MR: A review of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System database. Expert Opin Pharmacother, 2004; 5: 691-98
    • (2004) Expert Opin Pharmacother , vol.5 , pp. 691-698
    • Geier, D.A.1    Geier, M.R.2
  • 23
    • 0037654702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaccine safety surveillance using large linked databases: Opportunities, hazards and proposed guidelines
    • Verstraeten T, DeStefano F, Chen RT et al: Vaccine safety surveillance using large linked databases: opportunities, hazards and proposed guidelines. Expert Rev Vaccines, 2003; 2: 21-29
    • (2003) Expert Rev Vaccines , vol.2 , pp. 21-29
    • Verstraeten, T.1    DeStefano, F.2    Chen, R.T.3
  • 24
    • 0042168836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autism and thimerosal-containing vaccines: Lack of consistent evidence for an association
    • Stehr-Green P, Tull P, Stellfeld M, Mortenson PB, Simpson D: Autism and thimerosal-containing vaccines: lack of consistent evidence for an association. Am J Prev Med, 2003; 25: 101-6
    • (2003) Am J Prev Med , vol.25 , pp. 101-106
    • Stehr-Green, P.1    Tull, P.2    Stellfeld, M.3    Mortenson, P.B.4    Simpson, D.5
  • 25
    • 0141705370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between thimerosal-containing vaccine and autism
    • Hviid A, Stellfeld M, Wohlfahrt J, Melbye M: Association between thimerosal-containing vaccine and autism. JAMA, 2003; 290: 1763-76
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.290 , pp. 1763-1776
    • Hviid, A.1    Stellfeld, M.2    Wohlfahrt, J.3    Melbye, M.4
  • 26
    • 0042763207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thimerosal and the occurrence of autism: Negative ecological evidence from Danish population-based data
    • Madsen KM, Lauritsen MB, Pedersen CB et al: Thimerosal and the occurrence of autism: negative ecological evidence from Danish population-based data. Pediatrics, 2003; 112: 604-6
    • (2003) Pediatrics , vol.112 , pp. 604-606
    • Madsen, K.M.1    Lauritsen, M.B.2    Pedersen, C.B.3
  • 27
    • 4344620583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thimerosal exposure in infants and developmental disorders: A retrospective cohort study in the United kingdom does not support a causal association
    • Andrews N, Miller E, Grant A et al: Thimerosal exposure in infants and developmental disorders: a retrospective cohort study in the United kingdom does not support a causal association. Pediatrics, 2004; 114: 584-91
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.114 , pp. 584-591
    • Andrews, N.1    Miller, E.2    Grant, A.3
  • 28
    • 14744269077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thimerosal exposure in infants and developmental disorders: A prospective cohort study in the United Kingdom does not support a causal association
    • Heron J, Golding J; ALSPAC Study Team: Thimerosal exposure in infants and developmental disorders: a prospective cohort study in the United Kingdom does not support a causal association. Pediatrics, 2004; 114: 577-83
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.114 , pp. 577-583
    • Heron, J.1    Golding, J.2
  • 29
    • 0242300675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of thimerosal-containing vaccines: A two-phased study of computerized health maintenance organization databases
    • Verstraeten T, Davis RL, DeStefano F et al: Safety of thimerosal-containing vaccines: a two-phased study of computerized health maintenance organization databases. Pediatrics, 2003; 112: 1039-48
    • (2003) Pediatrics , vol.112 , pp. 1039-1048
    • Verstraeten, T.1    Davis, R.L.2    DeStefano, F.3
  • 30
    • 1842533390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thimerosal, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and GlaxoSmithKline
    • Verstraeten T: Thimerosal, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and GlaxoSmithKline. Pediatrics, 2004; 113: 932
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.113 , pp. 932
    • Verstraeten, T.1
  • 31
    • 0037828894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurodevelopmental disorders after thimerosal-containing vaccines: A brief communication
    • Geier MR, Geier DA: Neurodevelopmental disorders after thimerosal-containing vaccines: a brief communication. Exp Biol Med, 2003; 228: 660-64
    • (2003) Exp Biol Med , vol.228 , pp. 660-664
    • Geier, M.R.1    Geier, D.A.2
  • 32
    • 0141563036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thimerosal in childhood vaccines, neurodevelopment disorders, and heart disease in the United States
    • Geier MR, Geier DA: Thimerosal in childhood vaccines, neurodevelopment disorders, and heart disease in the United States. J Am Phys Surg, 2003; 8: 6-11
    • (2003) J Am Phys Surg , vol.8 , pp. 6-11
    • Geier, M.R.1    Geier, D.A.2
  • 33
    • 0142060003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assessment of the impact of thimerosal on neurodevelopmental disorders
    • Geier DA, Geier MR: An assessment of the impact of thimerosal on neurodevelopmental disorders. Pediatr Rehabil, 2003; 6: 97-102
    • (2003) Pediatr Rehabil , vol.6 , pp. 97-102
    • Geier, D.A.1    Geier, M.R.2
  • 34
    • 11244334356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurodevelopmental disorders following thimerosal-containing childhood immunizations: A follow-up analysis
    • in press
    • Geier DA, Geier MR: Neurodevelopmental disorders following thimerosal-containing childhood immunizations: a follow-up analysis. Int J Toxicol, (in press).
    • Int J Toxicol
    • Geier, D.A.1    Geier, M.R.2
  • 35
    • 1542434477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case-control study of mercury burden in children with autistic spectrum disorders
    • Bradstreet J, Geier DA, Kartzinel JJ: A case-control study of mercury burden in children with autistic spectrum disorders. J Am Physicians Surg, 2003; 8: 76-79
    • (2003) J Am Physicians Surg , vol.8 , pp. 76-79
    • Bradstreet, J.1    Geier, D.A.2    Kartzinel, J.J.3
  • 36
    • 0041694381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced levels of mercury in first baby haircuts of autistic children
    • Holmes AS, Blaxill MF, Haley BE: Reduced levels of mercury in first baby haircuts of autistic children. Int J Toxicol, 2003; 22: 277-85
    • (2003) Int J Toxicol , vol.22 , pp. 277-285
    • Holmes, A.S.1    Blaxill, M.F.2    Haley, B.E.3
  • 37
    • 17444374490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased oxidative stress and impaired methylation capacity in children with autism: Metabolic biomarkers and genetic predisposition
    • Los Angles, CA, 1-3 October
    • James SJ: Increased oxidative stress and impaired methylation capacity in children with autism: metabolic biomarkers and genetic predisposition. Fall DAN!™ 2004 Conference, Los Angles, CA, 1-3 October, 2004; 143-59
    • (2004) Fall DAN!™ 2004 Conference , pp. 143-159
    • James, S.J.1
  • 38
    • 15244348759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic biomarkers of increased oxidative stress and impaired methylation capacity in children with autism
    • James SJ, Culter P, Melnyk S et al: Metabolic biomarkers of increased oxidative stress and impaired methylation capacity in children with autism. Am J Clin Nutr, 2004, 80: 1611-17
    • (2004) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.80 , pp. 1611-1617
    • James, S.J.1    Culter, P.2    Melnyk, S.3
  • 39
    • 11244286120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of 5,10-Methyle netetrathydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms with autistic spectrum disorders
    • in press
    • Boris M, Goldblatt A, Galanko J, James SJ: Association of 5,10-Methyle netetrathydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms with autistic spectrum disorders. J Am Phys Surg, (in press)
    • J Am Phys Surg
    • Boris, M.1    Goldblatt, A.2    Galanko, J.3    James, S.J.4
  • 40
    • 0016635823 scopus 로고
    • Teratogenicities of ophthalmic drugs. II. Teratogenicities and tissue accumulation of thimerosal
    • Gasset AR, Itoi M, Ishii Y, Ramer RM: Teratogenicities of ophthalmic drugs. II. Teratogenicities and tissue accumulation of thimerosal. Arch Ophthalmol, 1975; 93: 52-55
    • (1975) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.93 , pp. 52-55
    • Gasset, A.R.1    Itoi, M.2    Ishii, Y.3    Ramer, R.M.4
  • 41
    • 11244302549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental neurotoxicology of therapeutics: Survey of novel recent findings
    • Slikker W: Developmental neurotoxicology of therapeutics: survey of novel recent findings. Neurotoxicology, 2000; 21: 250
    • (2000) Neurotoxicology , vol.21 , pp. 250
    • Slikker, W.1
  • 43
    • 0041589365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thimerosal induces DNA breaks, caspase-3 activation, membrane damage, and cell death in cultured human neurons and fibroblasts
    • Baskin DS, Ngo H, Didenko VV: Thimerosal induces DNA breaks, caspase-3 activation, membrane damage, and cell death in cultured human neurons and fibroblasts. Toxicol Sci, 2003; 74: 361-68
    • (2003) Toxicol Sci , vol.74 , pp. 361-368
    • Baskin, D.S.1    Ngo, H.2    Didenko, V.V.3
  • 44
    • 0035953119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrograde degeneration of neurite membrane structural integrity of nerve growth cones following in vitro exposure to mercury
    • Leong CWC, Syed NI, Lorscheider FL: Retrograde degeneration of neurite membrane structural integrity of nerve growth cones following in vitro exposure to mercury. NeuroReport, 2001; 12: 733-37
    • (2001) NeuroReport , vol.12 , pp. 733-737
    • Leong, C.W.C.1    Syed, N.I.2    Lorscheider, F.L.3
  • 45
    • 0027286614 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the use of in vitro tubulin polymerisation, fungal and wheat assays to detect the activity of potential chemical aneugens
    • Parry JM: An evaluation of the use of in vitro tubulin polymerisation, fungal and wheat assays to detect the activity of potential chemical aneugens. Mutation Res, 1993; 287: 23-28
    • (1993) Mutation Res , vol.287 , pp. 23-28
    • Parry, J.M.1
  • 46
    • 0027314347 scopus 로고
    • Effects of potential aneuploidy inducing agents on microtubule assembly in vitro
    • Wallin M, Hartely-Asp B: Effects of potential aneuploidy inducing agents on microtubule assembly in vitro. Mutation Res, 1993; 287: 17-22
    • (1993) Mutation Res , vol.287 , pp. 17-22
    • Wallin, M.1    Hartely-Asp, B.2
  • 47
    • 0026087554 scopus 로고
    • Effects of 10 known or suspected spindle poisons in the in vitro porcine brain tubulin assembly assay
    • Brunner M, Albertini S, Wurgler FE: Effects of 10 known or suspected spindle poisons in the in vitro porcine brain tubulin assembly assay. Mutagenesis, 1991; 6: 65-70
    • (1991) Mutagenesis , vol.6 , pp. 65-70
    • Brunner, M.1    Albertini, S.2    Wurgler, F.E.3
  • 48
    • 7444224116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thimerosal neurotoxicity is associated with glutathione depletion: Protection with glutathione precursors
    • James SJ, Slikker W 3rd, Melnyk S et al: Thimerosal neurotoxicity is associated with glutathione depletion: protection with glutathione precursors. Neurotoxicology, 2005; 26: 1-8
    • (2005) Neurotoxicology , vol.26 , pp. 1-8
    • James, S.J.1    Slikker III, W.2    Melnyk, S.3
  • 49
    • 11144357815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of methionine synthase by insulin-like growth factor-1 and dopamine: A target for neurodevelopmental toxins and Thimerosal
    • Waly M, Olteanu H, Banerjee R et al: Activation of methionine synthase by insulin-like growth factor-1 and dopamine: a target for neurodevelopmental toxins and Thimerosal. Mol Psychiatry, 2004; 9: 358-70
    • (2004) Mol Psychiatry , vol.9 , pp. 358-370
    • Waly, M.1    Olteanu, H.2    Banerjee, R.3
  • 50
    • 11244334258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How genetic risks combine with Thimerosal to inhibit methionine synthase and cause autism
    • Los Angles, California, 1-3 October
    • Deth RC, Waly M: How genetic risks combine with Thimerosal to inhibit methionine synthase and cause autism. Fall DAN!™ 2004 Conference, Los Angles, California, 1-3 October 2004, pgs. 161-74
    • (2004) Fall DAN!™ 2004 Conference , pp. 161-174
    • Deth, R.C.1    Waly, M.2
  • 51
    • 4243086215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotoxic effects of postnatal thimerosal are mouse strain dependent
    • Hornig M, Chian D, Lipkin WI: Neurotoxic effects of postnatal thimerosal are mouse strain dependent. Mol Psychiatry, 2004; 9: 833-45
    • (2004) Mol Psychiatry , vol.9 , pp. 833-845
    • Hornig, M.1    Chian, D.2    Lipkin, W.I.3
  • 53
    • 0032076668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive performance of children prenatally exposed to "safe" levels of methylmercury
    • Grandjean P, Weihe P, White RF, Debes F: Cognitive performance of children prenatally exposed to "safe" levels of methylmercury. Environ Res, 1998; 77: 165-72
    • (1998) Environ Res , vol.77 , pp. 165-172
    • Grandjean, P.1    Weihe, P.2    White, R.F.3    Debes, F.4
  • 54
    • 15244361322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential importance of steroids in the treatment of autistic spectrum disorders and other disorders involving mercury toxicity
    • in press
    • Geier MR, Geier DA: The potential importance of steroids in the treatment of autistic spectrum disorders and other disorders involving mercury toxicity. Med Hypothesis, (in press)
    • Med Hypothesis
    • Geier, M.R.1    Geier, D.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.