Job Design and Redesign for Older Workers

The Oxford Handbook of Work and Aging

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages

  Sharit, Joseph ^a   Czaja, Sara J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Cognitive abilities; Ergonomic interventions; Health conditions; Job design; Job motivation; Mentoring; Older workers; Teamwork; Telework; Training

Indexed keywords

EID: 84923442793     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195385052.013.0143     Document Type: Chapter

References (144)

1. Czaja, S. J., & Sharit, J. (Eds.). (2009). Aging and work: Issues and implications in a changing landscape. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
2. Fisk, A. D., Rogers, W. A., Charness, N., Czaja, S. J., & Sharit, J. (2009). Designing for older adults: Principles & creative human factors approaches, second edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
3. Kroemer, K. H. E. (2006). Extra-ordinary ergonomics: How to accommodate small and big persons, the disabled and elderly, expectant mothers and children. Boca Raton, FL: CRC.
4. National Research Council. (2004). Health and safety needs of older workers. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
5. Ackerman, P. L. (1996). A theory of adult intellectual development: process, personality, interests, and knowledge. Intelligence, 22, 229-259.
6. Ackerman, P. L., & Rolfhus, E. L. (1999). The locus of adult intelligence: Knowledge, abilities, and non-ability traits. Psychology and Aging, 14, 314-330.
7. Anderson, J. R. (1990). Cognitive psychology and its implications. (3rd ed.). New York: W. H. Freeman.
8. Andersson, G. B. T., Ortengren, A., Nachemson, A., & Elfstrom, G. (1974). Lumbar disc pressure and myoelectric back muscle activity during sitting. I. Studies on an experimental chair. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 3, 104-114.
9. Avolio, B. J., & Waldman, D. A. (1987). Personnel aptitude test scores as a function of age, education and job type. Experimental Aging Research, 13(1-2), 109-113.
10. Avolio, B. J., Waldman, D. A., & McDaniel, M. A. (1990). Age and work performance in nonmanagerial jobs: The effects of experience and occupational type. Academy of Management Journal, 33, 407-422.
11. Avolio, B. J., & Waldman, D. A. (1993). An examination of age and cognitive test performance across job complexity and occupational types. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 43-50.
12. Babson, S. (1995). Lean or mean: The MIT model and lean production at Mazda. Labor Studies Journal, 18, 3-24.
13. Beehr, T. A., & Bowling, N. A. (2002). Career issues facing older workers. In D. Feldman (Ed.), Work careers: A developmental perspective (pp. 214-241). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
14. Beier, M. E., & Ackerman, P. L. (2003). Determinants of health knowledge: An investigation of age, gender, abilities, personality, and interests. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(2), 439-448.
15. Belkic, K., Schnall, P., & Ugljesic, M. (2000). Cardiovascular evaluation of the worker and workplace: A practical guide for clinicians. Occupational Medicine, 15(1), 213-222.
16. Belkic, K., Schnall, P., Landsbergis, P., Schwartz, J. E., Gerber, L. M., Baker, D., & Pickering, T. G. (2001). Hypertension at the workplace-an occult disease? The need for work site surveillance. Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine, 22, 116-138.
17. Berger, E. H., Royster L. H., Royster, J. D., Driscoll, D. P., & Layne, M. (2003). The noise manual. (5th ed.). Fairfax, VA: American Industrial Hygiene Association.
18. Bond, J. T., Thompson, C., Galinsky, E., and Prottas, D. (2002). The national study of the changing workforce. New York: Families and Work Institute.
19. Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1993). Expanding the criterion domain to include elements of contextual performance. In N. Schmitt & W. C. Borman (Eds.), Personnel selection in organizations (pp. 78-98). San Francisco: Jossey Bass.
20. Borg, V., Burr, H., & Christensen, H. (1997). Work environment, global self-rated health, and early retirement. Helsinki: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health.
21. Boyce, P. R. (2005). Evaluating office lighting.. In N. Stanton, A. Hedge, K. Brookhuis, E. Salas, & H. Hendrick (Eds.), Handbook of human factors and ergonomics methods. (Chapter 69). Boca Raton, FL: CRC.
22. Brisson, C. (2000). Women, work and cardiovascular disease. In P. Schnall, K. Belkic, P. A. Landsbergis, & D. E. Baker (Eds.), The workplace and cardiovascular disease. occupational medicine: State of the art reviews, Volume 15 (pp. 49-57). Philadelphia, PA: Hanley and Belfus.
23. Buessing, A. (2000). Telework. In W. Karwowski (Ed.), International encyclopedia of ergonomics and human factors (pp. 1723-1725). London: Taylor & Francis.
24. Cappelli, P. (2009). Trends in job demands and the implications for older workers. In S. J. Czaja & J. Sharit (Eds.), Aging and work: Issues and implications in a changing landscape (pp. 107-125). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
25. Carstensen, L. L. (1998). A life-span approach to social motivation. In J. Heckhausen & C. S. Dweck (Eds.), Motivation and self-regulation across the life span (pp. 341-364). New York: Cambridge University Press.
26. Cascio, W. F. (1995). Whither industrial and organizational psychology in a changing world of work?. American Psychologist, 50, 928-939.
27. Chaffin, D. B., Andersson, G. B. J., & Martin, B. J. (1999). Occupational biomechanics. (3rd ed.). New York: Wiley.
28. Chaffin, D. B., & Ashton-Miller, J. A. (1991). Biomechanical aspects of low-back pain in the older worker. Experimental Aging Research, 17, 177-187.
29. Charness, N. (1981). Aging and skilled problem solving. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 110, 21-38.
30. Charness, N. (1983). Age, skill, and bridge bidding: A chronometric analysis. Journal of Verbal Learning and Learning Behavior, 22, 406-416.
31. Charness, N. (1987). Component processes in bridge bidding and novel problem-solving tasks. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 41, 223-243.
32. Charness, N., Czaja, S. J., & Sharit, J. (2007). Age and technology for work. In K. S. Shulz & G. A. Adams (Eds.), Aging and work in the 21st century (pp. 225-250). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
33. Clark, R. C., & Mayer, R. E. (2008). E-learning and the science of instruction: Proven guidelines for consumers and designers of multimedia learning. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer.
34. Cohen, M. S., Freeman, J. T., & Wolf (1996). Metacognition in time-stressed decision making: Recognizing, critiquing, and correcting. Human Factors, 38(2), 206-219.
35. Coleman, L. (1998). Baby boom to bay bust: flexible work options for older workers. Benefits Quarterly, 14, 18-28.
36. Colquitt, J. A., LePine, J. A., & Noe, R. A. (2000). Toward an integrative theory of training motivation: A meta-analytic path analysis of 20 years of research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 678-707.
37. Convertino, G., Farooq, U., Rosson, M. B., Carroll, J. M., & Meyer, B. J. F. (2007). Supporting intergenerational groups in computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW). Behaviour and Information Technology, 26, 275-285.
38. Crocker, M. J. (1997). Noise.. In G. Salvendy (Ed.), Handbook of human factors and ergonomics (2nd ed., pp. 790-827). New York: Wiley.
39. Czaja, S. J., Sharit, J. Ownby, R., Roth, D. L., & Nair, S. N. (2001). Examining age differences in performance of a complex information search and retrieval task. Psychology and Aging, 16, 564-579.
40. Czaja, S. J., & Moen, P. (2004). Technology and employment. In R. Pew & S. Van Hamel (Eds.), Technology and adaptive aging (pp. 150-178). Washington, DC: National Research Council.
41. Czaja, S. J., & Sharit, J. (1993). Stress reactions to computer-interactive tasks as a function of task structure and individual differences. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 5, 1-22.
42. Czaja, S. J., & Sharit, J. (2009). Preparing organizations and older workers for current and future employment: Training and retraining issues. In S. J. Czaja & J. Sharit (Eds.), Aging and work: Issues and implications in a changing landscape (pp. 259-278). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
43. Czaja, S. J., Sharit, J., Hernandez, M., Nair, S. N., & Loewenstein, D. (2010). Variability among older adults in Internet health information-seeking performance. Gerontechnology, 9, 46-55.
44. Czaja, S. J., & Sharit, J. (in press). Designing training and instructional programs for older adults. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
45. Daly, M. C., & Bound, J. (1996). Worker adaptation and employer accommodation following the onset of a health impairment. Journal of Gerontology, 51B, S53-S60.
46. DeLong, D. (2004). Lost knowledge: Confronting the threat of an aging workforce. New York: Oxford University Press.
47. Denton, K. D. (1993). Using flextime to create a competitive workplace. Industrial Management, 35(1), 29-33.
48. Dychtwald, K., Erickson, T. J., & Morison, R. (2006). Workforce crisis. How to beat the booming shortage of skills and talent. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
49. Eastman Kodak Company, Ergonomics Group, Health and Information Laboratories. (1986). Ergonomic design for people at work. (Vols. 1-2). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
50. Ellison, N. B. (2004) Telework and social change. Westport, CT: Praeger.
51. Eyster, L., Johnson, R. W., & Toder, E. (2008). Current strategies to employ and retain older workers. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute.
52. Falger, P. R. J., & Schouten, E. G. W. (1992). Exhaustion, psychologic stress in the work environment, and acute myocardial infarction in adult men. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 36, 777-786.
53. Families and Work. (2002). Generations and gender. New York: Families and Work Institute.
54. Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics. (2006). Older Americans update 2006: Key indicators of well-being. Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
55. Finkelstein, L. M., Burke, M. J., & Raju, N. S. (1995). Age discrimination in simulated employment contexts: An integrative analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 652-663.
56. Fisk, A. D., Rogers, W. A., Charness, N., Czaja, S. J., & Sharit, J. (2009). Designing for older adults: Principles & creative human factors approaches, second edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
57. Fitzgerald, S. T., Hammond, S. C., & Harder, K. A. (1989). Role of the employee assistance program in helping the troubled worker. Occupational Medicine, 4(2), 233-243.
58. Fredriksen, K. I., & Scharlach, A. E. (1997). Caregiving and employment: The impact of workplace characteristics on role strain. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 28(4), 3-22.
59. Friedberg, L. (2003). The impact of technological change on older workers: Evidence from data on computer use. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 56, 511-529.
60. Goetzel, R. Z., Ozminkowski, R. J., Villagra, V. G., & Duffy, J. (2005). Return on investment in disease management: A review. Health Care Financing Review, 26, 1-19.
61. Goldman, S. R., Petrosino, A. J., & Cognition, Technology Group at Vanderbilt. (1999). Design principles for instruction in content domains: lessons from research on expertise and learning. In F. T. Durso (Ed.), Handbook of applied cognition (pp. 595-627). New York: Wiley.
62. Gordon, R. A., & Arvey, R. D. (2004). Age bias in laboratory and field settings: A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34, 468-492.
63. Green, C. S., & Bavelier, D. (2006). Enumeration versus multiple object tracking: The case of action video game players. Cognition, 101, 217-245.
64. Griffiths, A. (1997). Ageing, health and productivity: A challenge for the new millennium. Work and Stress, 11(3), 197-214.
65. Grosch, J. W. (2006). Older workers in the U.S.: National data regarding working conditions and health. Paper presented at the 28th International Congress on Occupational Health Conference, Milan, Italy.
66. Grosch, J. W., & Pransky, G. S. (2009). Safety and health issues for an aging workforce. In S. J. Czaja & J. Sharit (Eds.), Aging and work: Issues and implications in a changing landscape (pp. 334-358). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
67. Guerlain, S. A., Smith, P. J., Obradovich, J. H., Rudman, S., Strohm, P., Smith, J. W., Svirbely, J., & Sachs, L. (1999). Interactive critiquing as a form of decision support: An empirical evaluation. Human Factors, 41(1), 72-89.
68. Hanson, V. L., & Lesser, E. (2009). Implications of an aging workforce: An industry perspective. In S. J. Czaja & J. Sharit (Eds.), Aging and work: Issues and implications in a changing landscape (pp. 90-104). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
69. Hardy, D. J., & Parasuraman, R. (1997). Cognition and flight performance in older pilots. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 3, 313-348.
70. Härmä, M. I., & Ilmarinen, J. E. (1999). Towards the 24-hour society-new approaches for aging shift workers?. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment, and Health, 25, 610-615.
71. Hedge, A., McCrobie, D., Morimoto, S., Rodriguez, S., & Land, B. (1996). Toward pain-free computing. Ergonomics in Design, 4(1), 4-10.
72. Hedge, J. W., Borman, W. C., & Lammlein, S. E. (2006). The aging workforce: Realities, myths, and implications for organizations. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
73. Helander, M. G., & Tham, M. P. (2003). Hedonomics-affective human factors design. Ergonomics, 46, 1269-1272.
74. Howarth, P. A. (2005). Assessment of the visual environment.. In R. Wilson & N. Corlett (Eds.), Evaluation of human work. (3rd ed., Chapter 24). London: Taylor & Francis.
75. Illegems, V., & Verbeke, A. (2004). Telework: What does it mean for management?. Long Range Planning, 37, 319-334.
76. Institute of Medicine. (2000). Safe work in the 21st century. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
77. Iwasaki, K., Sasaki, T., Oka, T., & Hisanaga, N. (1998). Effect of working hours on biological functions related to cardiovascular system among salesmen in a machinery manufacturing company. Industrial Health, 36(4), 361-367.
78. Johnson, R. W., & Kawachi, J. (2007). Job changes at older ages: Effects on wages, benefits, and other job attributes. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute.
79. Kanfer, R. (2009). Work and older adults: Motivation and performance. In S. J. Czaja & J. Sharit (Eds.), Aging and work: Issues and implications in a changing landscape (pp. 209-231). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
80. Kanfer, R., & Ackerman, P. L. (2004). Aging, adult development, and work motivation. Academy of Management Review, 29, 440-458.
81. Karasek, R., & Theorell, T. (1990). Healthy work: Stress, productivity, and the reconstruction of working life. New York: Basic Books.
82. Kite, M. E., Stokdale, G. D., & Whitley Jr., B. E. (2005). Attitudes toward younger and older adults: An updated metaanalytic review. Journal of Social Issues, 61, 241-266.
83. Kozlowski, S. W. J., & Ilgen, D. R. (2006). Enhancing the effectiveness of work groups and teams. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 7, 77-124.
84. Kramarow, E., Lentzner, H., Rooks, R., Weeks, J., & Saydah, S. (1999). Health and aging chart book: Health, United States, 1999. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
85. Krampe, R. T., & Ericsson, K. A. (1996). Maintaining excellence: Deliberate practice and elite performance in young and older pianists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 125, 331-359.
86. Kristof-Brown, A. L., Zimmerman, R. D., & Johnson, E. C. (2005). Consequences of individuals' fit at work: A metaanalysis of person-job, person-organization, person-group, and person-supervisor fit. Personnel Psychology, 58, 281-342.
87. Kroemer, K. H. E. (2007). Designing for older people. Ergonomics in Design, 14(4), 25-31.
88. Kroemer, K. H. E. (2009). Ergonomic design of workplaces for the aging population. In S. J. Czaja & J. Sharit (Eds.), Aging and work: Issues and implications in a changing landscape (pp. 307-333). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
89. Kroemer, K. H. E., & Grandjean, E. (1997). Fitting the task to the human: A textbook of occupational ergonomics. (5th ed.). London: Taylor & Francis.
90. Kroemer, K. H. E. (2006). Extra-ordinary ergonomics: How to accommodate small and big persons, the disabled and elderly, expectant mothers and children. Boca Raton, FL: CRC.
91. Kubeck, J. E., Delp, N. D., Haslett, T. K., & McDaniel, M. A. (1996). Does job-related training performance decline with age?. Psychology and Aging, 11, 92-107.
92. Kurland, N. B., & Bailey, D. E. (1999). Telwork: the advantages and challenges of working here, there, anywhere, anytime. Organisational Dynamics, 28, 53-68.
93. Lancaster, L. C., & Stillman, D. (2003). When generations collide: Who they are. Why they clash. How to solve the generational puzzle at work. Wheaton, IL: Harper Business.
94. Landsbergis, P., Schnall, P., Pickering, T., Warren, K., & Schwartz, J. (2003). Lower socioeconomic status among men in relation to the association between job strain and blood pressure. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 29, 206-215.
95. Lehto, M. R., & Buck, J. R, (2008). Introduction to human factors and ergonomics for engineers. New York: Taylor & Francis.
96. Leonard, D., & Swap, W. C. (2005). Deep smarts: How to cultivate and transfer enduring business wisdom. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation.
97. Lewchuk, W., & Robertson, D. (1996). Working conditions under lean production: A worker-based benchmarking study. Asia Pacific Business Review, 2, 60-81.
98. Liu, Y., Tanaka, H., & the Fukuoka Heart Study Group (2002). Overtime work, insufficient sleep, and risk of non-fatal acute myocardial infarction in Japanese men. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 59, 447-451.
99. Maurer, T. J. (2007). Employee development and training issues related to the aging workforce. In K. S. Shultz & G. A. Adams (Eds.), Aging and work in the 21st century (pp. 163-178). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
100. McEvoy, G. M., & Cascio, W. F. (1989). Cumulative evidence of the relationship between employee age and job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 11-17.
101. Menchin, R. S. (2000). New work opportunities for older Americans. New York: Universe.com, Inc.
102. Merrill, M. D. (2002). First principles of instruction. Education, Training, Research & Development, 50(3), 43-59.
103. Molinie, A. F., & Volkoff, S. (1994). Working conditions: Problems ahead for workers over the age of 40. In J. Snel and R. Cremer (Eds.), Work and aging: A European perspective (pp. 214-223). London: Taylor & Francis.
104. Morrow, D., Leirer, V., Alteri, P., & Fitzsimmons, C. (1994). When expertise reduces age differences in performance. Psychology and Aging, 9, 134-148.
105. Morrow, D., Menard, W. E., Stine-Morrow, E. A. L., Teller, T., & Bryant, D. (2001). The influence of expertise and task factors on age differences in pilot communication. Psychology and Aging, 16, 31-46.
106. National Research Council (2004). Health and safety needs of older workers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
107. Park, D. C., Lautenschlager, G., Hedden, T., Davidson, N. S., Smith, A. D., & Smith, P. K. (2002). Models of visuospatial and verbal memory across the adult life span. Psychology and Aging, 17, 299-320.
108. Parker, S. K., Myers, C., & Wall, T. D. (1995). The effects of a manufacturing initiative on employee jobs and strain.. In S. A. Robertson (Ed.), Contemporary economics 1995. London: Taylor and Francis.
109. Pedersen, A. A., Wan, R., & Mattson, M. P. (2001). Impact of aging on stress-responsive neuroendorine systems. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, 122, 963-983.
110. Perry, E. L., Kulik, C. T., & Bourhis, A. C. (1996). Moderating effects of personal and contextual factors in age discrimination. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 628-647.
111. Phillips, K. A., & Holtgrave, D. R. (1997). Using cost-effectiveness/cost-benefit analysis to allocate health resources: A level playing field for prevention?. Abstract Book Association Health Services Research Meeting, 14, 32-33.
112. Potter, E. E. (2003). Telecommuting : The future of work, corporate culture, and American society. Journal of Labor Research, 24, 73-84.
113. Price, A. (2000). Principles of human resource management: An active learning approach. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell Publishers.
114. Rahman, M. M., Sprigle, S., & Sharit, J. (1998). Guidelines for force-travel combinations of push button switches for older populations. Applied Ergonomics, 29(2), 101-110.
115. Rea, M. S. (2005). Photometric characterization of the luminous environment.. In N. Stanton, A. Hedge, K. Brookhuis, E. Salas, & H. Hendrick (Eds.), Handbook of human factors and ergonomics methods. (Chapter 68). Boca Raton, FL: CRC.
116. Robertson, A., & Tracy, C. S. (1998). Health and productivity of older workers. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment, & Health, 24(2), 85-97.
117. Salthouse, T. A. (1991). Age and experience effects on the interpretation of orthographic drawings of threedimensional objects. Psychology and Aging, 6, 426-433.
118. Salthouse, T. A. (2001). Structural models of the relations between age and measures of cognitive functioning. Intelligence, 29, 93-115.
119. Salthouse, T. A., & Maurer, T. J. (1996). Aging, job performance, and career development.. In J. E. Birren, K. W. Schaie, R. P. Abeles, M. Gatz, & T. A. Salthouse (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (4th ed., pp. 353-364). New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
120. Schulz, R., & Martire, L. M. (2009). Caregiving and employment. In S. J. Czaja & J. Sharit (Eds.), Aging and work: Issues and implications in a changing landscape (pp. 35-50). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
121. Sharit, J. (2006). Human error.. In G. Salvendy (Ed.) Handbook of human factors and ergonomics (3rd ed., pp. 708-760). New York: Wiley.
122. Sharit, J., Czaja, S. J., Hernandez, M., Yang, Y., Perdomo, D., Lewis, J. L., Lee, C. C., & Nair, S. (2004). An evaluation of performance by older persons on a simulated telecommuting task. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 59B(6), 305-316.
123. Sharit, J., Czaja, S. J., Hernandez, M. A., & Nair, S. N. (2009). The employability of older teleworkers. An appraisal of issues and an empirical study. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing, 19, 457-477.
124. Sharit, J., Hernandez, M. A., Czaja, S. C., & Pirolli, P. (2008). Investigating the roles of knowledge and cognitive abilities in older adult information seeking on the web. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 15(1), 3:1-3:25.
125. Smyer, M. A., & Pitt-Catsouphes, M. (2009). Collaborative work: What's age got to do with it?. In S. J. Czaja & J. Sharit (Eds.), Aging and work: Issues and implications in a changing landscape (pp. 144-164). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
126. Shepherd, A. (2001). Hierarchical task analysis. London: Taylor & Francis.
127. Stern, Y. (2002). What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 8, 448-460.
128. Stoltz-Loike, M., Morrell, R. W., & Loike, J. D. (2005). Can e-learning be used as an effective training method for people over the age 50? A pilot study. Gerontechnology, 4, 101-113.
129. Sweller, J. (1994). Cognitive load theory, learning difficulty and instructional design. Learning and Instruction, 4, 295-312.
130. Tepas, D. I., Duchon, J. C., & Gersten, A. H. (1993). Shiftwork and the older worker. Experimental Aging Research, 19, 295-320.
131. Tsang, P. (2009). Age and performance measures of knowledge-based work: A cognitive perspective. In S. J. Czaja & J. Sharit (Eds.), Aging and work: Issues and implications in a changing landscape (pp. 279-304). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
132. van Merriënboer, J. J. G., & Paas, F. (2003). Powerful learning and the many faces of instructional design: Toward a framework for the design of powerful learning environments. In E. De Corte, L. Verschaffel, N. Entwistle, & J. J. G. Van Merriënboer (Eds.), Powerful learning environments: Unraveling basic components and dimensions (pp. 3-20). New York: Pergamon.
133. Vicente, K. J. (2000). HCI in the global knowledge-based economy: Designing to support worker adaptation. ACM Transactions Computer-Human Interaction, 7, 263-280.
134. Villosio, C.,Di Pierro, D., Giordanengo, A., Pasqua, P., & Richiardi, M. (2008). Working conditions of an ageing workforce. Dublin, Ireland: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions.
135. Wallace, R. B. (2009). Health promotion and wellness programs for older workers. In S. J. Czaja & J. Sharit (Eds.), Aging and work: Issues and implications in a changing landscape (pp. 394-410). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
136. Warr, P. B. (1994). Age and employment.. In H. C. Triandis, M. D. Dunnette, & L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 4, pp. 485-550). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
137. Warr, P. B. (2000). Job performance and the ageing workforce. In N. Chmiel (Ed.), Work and organizational psychology (pp. 408-423). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
138. Warr, P. B. & Pennington, J. (1993). Views about age discrimination and older workers. In Institute of Personnel Management (Eds.), Age and employment: Policies, attitudes and practices (pp. 75-106). London: Institute of Personnel Management.
139. Waters, T. R., Putz-Anderson, V., Garg, A., & Fine, L. (1993). Revised NIOSH equation for the design and evaluation of manual lifting tasks. Ergonomics, 36, 749-776.
140. White, C. C. (1990). A survey on the integration of decision analysis and expert systems for decision support. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, & Cybernetics, 20, 358-364.
141. Wickens, C. D., Gordon Becker, S. E., Liu, Y., & Lee, J. D. (2004). An introduction to human factors engineering. (2nd ed.). New York: Prentice-Hall.
142. Woodcock, R. W., McGrew, K. S., & Mather, N. (2001). Woodcock-Johnson III. Ithaca, IL: Riverside Publishing.
143. Yang, K., & El-Haik, B. (2003). Design for Six Sigma: A roadmap for product development. New York: McGraw-Hill.
144. Yen, L., Schultz, A., Schneuringer, E., & Edington, D. W. (2006). Financial costs due to excess health risks among active employees of a utility company. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 48, 896-905.