Health and productivity of older workers

Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 85-97

  Robertson, Ann ^a   Tracy, C Shawn ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Older worker; Review; Work capacity; Workforce aging

Indexed keywords

AGE; AGING; ATTITUDE; COGNITION; HEALTH; HUMAN; LEARNING; MEMORY; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; PHYSIOLOGY; POLICY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PRODUCTIVITY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; REVIEW; WORK CAPACITY; WORKER;

EID: 0031750550     PISSN: 03553140     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.284     Document Type: Review

References (132)

1. Pifer A, Bronte L. Introduction: squaring the pyramid. In: Pifer A, Bronte L, editors. Our aging society. New York (NY): WW Norton, 1986.
2. Institute for Human Development Life Course and Aging. Age, health, and work: the productivity of older workers: a literature review. Toronto (ON): University of Toronto, Institute for Human Development, Life Course and Aging, 1996. (Working paper series: issues of an aging workforce)
3. Rix SE, Older workers. Santa Barbara (CA): ABC-CLIO Inc, 1990.
4. Rix SE, editor. Older workers: how do they measure up?: an overview of age differences in employee costs and performance. Washington (DC): American Association of Retired Persons, Public Policy Institute, 1994.
5. Snel J, Cremer R, editors. Work and aging: a European perspective. London: Taylor and Francis Ltd, 1994.
6. Bass SA, editor. Older and active: how Americans over 55 are contributing to society. New Haven (CT): Yale University Press, 1995.
7. American Association of Retired Persons. Workers over 50: old myths, new realities. Washington (DC): American Association of Retired Persons, 1986.
8. American Association of Retired Persons. Business and older workers: current perceptions and new directions for the 1990s. Washington (DC): American Association of Retired Persons, 1989.
9. Birren JE, Robinson PK, Livingston JE, editors. Age, health, and employment. Englewood Cliffs (NJ): Prentice-Hall, 1986.
10. International Labour Office (ILO). World labour report. Geneva: ILO, 1995.
11. National Advisory Council on Aging. Older workers in an aging workforce. Ottawa (ON): Ministry of Supply and Services Canada, 1991.
12. National Advisory Council on Aging. On managing an aging labor force. Ottawa (ON): Ministry of Supply and Services Canada, 1991.
13. Sterns HL, Stems AA. Health and the employment capability of older Americans. In: Bass SA, editor. Older and active: how Americans over 55 are contributing to society. New Haven (CT): Yale University Press, 1995:10-34.
14. Taylor PE, Walker A. The ageing workforce: employers' attitudes towards older people. Work Employment Soc 1994;8(4):569-91.
15. World Health Organization (WHO). Aging and working capacity. Geneva: WHO, 1993. (Technical report, no 835)
16. Peterson DA, Coberly S. The older worker: myths and realities. In: Morris R, Bass SA, editors. Retirement reconsidered: economic and social roles for older people. New York (NY): Springer Publishing Company, 1988:116-28.
17. Marshall VW. The older worker in Canadian society: is there a future? In: Gee EM, Gutman GM, editors. Rethinking retirement. Burnaby (BC): Simon Fraser University Press, 1995:31-50.
18. Barth MC, McNaught W. The impact of future demographic shifts on the employment of older workers. Hum Resour Manage 1991;30(1):31-44.
19. Kohli M, Rein M, Guillemard A-M, van Gunsteren H, editors. Time for retirement: comparative studies of early exit from the labor force. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press, 1991.
20. Szeman Z. Employers' policies towards older workers in Hungary. In: Proceedings of the XIII World Congress of Sociology : comparative aspects of ageing and employment; 1994; Bielefeld, German.
21. Schellenberg G. Older workers in the Canadian labour market. Ottawa (ON): One Voice, The Canadian Seniors' Netwak, 1994.
22. Casey B, Laczko F. Early retired or long-term unemployed? Work Employment Soc 1989;3(3):509-26.
23. Walker A. Early retirement: release or refuge from the labor market? Q J Soc Aff 1985;1(3):211-29.
24. Walker A, Taylor P. Ageism versus productive aging: the challenge of age discrimination in the labor market. In: Caro FG, Chen Y-P, editors. Achieving a productive aging society. London: Auburn House, 1993.
25. Sterns HL, McDaniel MA. Job performance and the older worker. In: Rix SE, editor. Older workers: how do they measure up? an overview of age differences in employee costs and performances. Washington (DC): American Association of Retired Persons, Public Policy Institute, 1994:27-51.
26. Wanner RA, McDonald PL. Ageism in the labor market: estimating earnings discrimination against older workers. J Gerontol 1983;38(6):738-44.
27. Mitchell OS. Aging, job satisfaction, are job performance. In: Bluestone I, Montgomery RJV, Owen JD, editors. The aging of the American workforce. Detroit (MI): Wayne State University Press, 1990:242-72.
28. Loveman GW, Gabarro JJ. The managerial implications of changing workforce demographics: a scoping study. Hum Resour Manage 1991;30(1):7-29.
29. George LK. Social factors and illness. In: Binstock RH, George LK, editors. Handbook of aging and the social sciences. 3rd ed. San Diego (CA): Academic Press, 1996:229-52.
30. Welford AT. Changes of performance with age: an overview. In: Charness N, editor. Aging and human performance. Chicester (UK): John Wiley and Sons, 1985:333-69.
31. Coates GD, Kirby RH. Organismic factors and individual differences in human performance and productivity. In: Alluisi EA, Fleishman EA, editors. Human performance and productivity: stress and performance effectiveness. Hillsdale (NJ): Lawrence Eribaum Associates, 1982:91-140.
32. Fozard JL. Vision and hearing in aging. In: Birren JE, Schaie KW, editors. Handbook of the psychology of aging. 3rd ed. San Diego (CA): Academic Press, 1990:150-70.
33. Stagner R. Aging in industry. In: Birren JE, Schaie KW, editors. Handbook of the psychology of aging. 2nd ed. New York (NY): Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1985:789-817.
34. Verrillo RT, Verrillo V. Sensory and perceptual performance. In: Charness N, editor. Aging and human performance. Chichester (United Kingdom): John Wiley and Sons, 1985:1-46.
35. Forteza JA, Prieto JM. Aging and work behavior. In: Triandis HC, Dunnette MD, Hough LM, editors. Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology; vol 4. 2nd ed. Palo Alto (CA): Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc, 1994:447-483.
36. Charness N. The aging worker and performance. In: Joshi A, Berger E, editors. Proceedings of the 12th Annual McMaster Summer Institute on Gerontology; 1995 June 5-7. Hamilton (ON): Mc-Master University, Office of Gerontological Studies, 1995.
37. Charness N, Bosman EA. Human factors and design for older adults. In: Birren JE, Schaie KW, editors. Handbook of the psychology of aging. 3rd ed. San Diego (CA): Academic Press, 1990:446-63.
38. Charness N, Bosman EA. Human factors and age. In: Craik FIM, Salthouse TA, editors. Handbook of cognition and aging. Hillsdale (NJ): Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1992:495-551.
39. Spirduso WW, MacRae PG. Motor performance and aging. In: Birren JE, Schaie KW, editors. Handbook of the psychology of aging. 3rd ed. San Diego (CA): Academic Press, 1990:183-200.
40. Stones MJ, Kozma A. Physical performance. In: Charness N, editor. Aging and human performance. Chichester (United Kingdom): John Wiley and Sons, 1985:261-91.
41. Jensen AR. Reaction time and psychometric g. In: Eysenck HJ, editor. A model for intelligence. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1982:93-131.
42. Welford AT. Mental workload as a function of demand, capacity, strategy, and skill. Ergonomics 1978;21:151-67.
43. Solomon D. Age, health, and productivity: effects of aging on health and cognitive function. In: Livingston J, Robinson PK, editors. Age, health, and productivity. Report to the United States Administration on Aging, 1984.
44. Robinson PK. Age, health, and job performance. In: Birren JE, Robinson PK, Livingston JE, editors. Age, health, and employment. Englewood Cliffs (NJ): Prentice-Hall, 1986:63-77.
45. Coy JA, Davenport M. Age changes in the older adult worker: Implications for injury prevention. Work 1991;2(1):38-46.
46. Kohn RR. Aging and age-related diseases: normal processes. In: Johnson HA, editor. Relations between normal aging and disease. New York (NY): Raven Press, 1985.
47. Salthouse TA. Cognitive competence and expertise in aging. In: Birren JE, Schaie KW, editors. Handbook of the psychology of aging. 3rd ed. San Diego (CA): Academic Press, 1990:310-9.
48. Schaie KW. Intellectual development in adulthood. In: Birren JE, Schaie KW, editors. Handbook of the psychology of aging. 3rd ed. San Diego (CA): Academic Press, 1990:291-309.
49. Cunningham WR. Intellectual abilities and age. In: Schaie KW, editors. Annual review of gerontology and geriatrics; Vol 7. New York (NY): Springer Publishing Company, 1987:117-34.
50. Salthouse TA. Initiating the formalization of theories of cognitive aging. Psychol Aging 1988;3:3-16.
51. Field D, Schaie KW, Leino EV. Continuity in intellectual functioning: the role of self-reported health. Psychol Aging 1988;4:385-92.
52. Perlmutter M, Nyquist L. Relationships between self-reported physical and mental health and intelligence performance across adulthood. J Gerontol Psychol Sci 1990;45:P145-55.
53. Hultsch DF, Hammer M, Small BJ. Age differences in cognitive performance in later life: relationships to self-reported health and activity lifestyle. J Gerontol Psycholog Sci 1993;48:P1-P11.
54. Cerella J. Aging and information-processing rate. In: Birren JE, Schaie KW, editors. Handbook of the psychology of aging. 3rd ed. San Diego (CA): Academic Press, 1990:201-21.
55. Kok A, Lorist MM, Cremer R, Snel J. Age-related differences in mental work capacity: effects of task complexity and Stressors on performance. In: Snel J, Cremer R, editors. Work and aging: a European perspective. London: Taylor and Francis Ltd, 1994:139-61.
56. Galton F. Inquiries into human faculty and its development. London: MacMillan and Company, 1883.
57. Thorndike EL. Adult learning. New York (NY): MacMillan and Company, 1928.
58. Warr P. Age and employment. In: Triandis HC, Dunnette MD, Hough LM, editors. Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology; vol 4. 2nd ed. Palo Alto (CA): Consulting Psychologists Press Inc, 1994:485-550.
59. McNaught W, Barth MC. Are older workers good buys? - a case study of Days Inns of America. Sloan Manage Rev 1992;33(3):53-63.
60. Craik FIM. Age differences in human memory. In: Birren JE, Schaie KW, editors. Handbook of the psychology of aging. New York (NY): Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1977:384-420.
61. Koyl LF. Aging, health, and work. In: Parnes HS, editor. Policy issues in work and retirement. Kalamazoo (MI): WE Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, 1983.
62. Craik FIM, Morris RG, Gick ML. Adult age differences in working memory. In: Vallar G, Shallice T, editors. Neuropsychological impairments of short term memory. Cambridge (United Kingdom): Cambridge University Press, 1989.
63. Craik FIM, Jennings JM. Human memory. In: Craik FIM, Salthouse TA, editors. Handbook of aging and cognition. Hillsdale (NJ): Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1992:51-110.
64. Hultsch DF, Dixon RA. Learning and memory in aging. In: Birren JE, Schaie KW, editors. Handbook of the psychology of aging; 3rd ed. San Diego (CA): Academic Press, 1990:258-74.
65. Doering M, Rhodes SR, Schuster M. The aging worker: research and recommendations. Beverly Hills (CA): Sage Publications Inc, 1983.
66. Earles JL, Salthouse TA. Interrelations of age, health, and speed. J Gerontol Psychol Sci 1995;50B(1):P33-P41.
67. Birren JE. The psychology of aging. Englewood Cliffs (NJ): Prentice-Hall, 1964.
68. Stems HL. Training and retraining adult and older adult workers. In: Birren JE, Robinson PK, Livingston JE, editors. Age, health, and employment. Englewood Cliffs (NJ): Prentice-Hall, 1986:93-113.
69. Sterns HL, Doverspike D. Aging and the training and learning process. In: Goldstein IL and Associates, editors. Training and development in organizations. San Francisco (CA): Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1989:299-332.
70. Bourne B. Effects of aging on work satisfaction, performance, and motivation. Aging Work 1982;5(1):37-47.
71. Rodin J. Aging and health: effects of the sense of control. Science 1986;223:1271-6.
72. Rodin J. Health, control, and aging. In: Baltes MM, Baltes PB, editors. The psychology of control and aging. Hillsdale (NJ): Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1986:139-65.
73. Rowe JW, Kahn RL. Human aging: usual and successful. Science 1987;237:143-9.
74. Whitbourne SK. The me I know: a study of adult identity. New York (NY): Springer-Verlag Inc, 1986.
75. Kobassa SC, Maddi SR, Kahn S. Hardiness and health: a prospective study. J Pers Soc Psychol 1982;42:168-77.
76. McDaniel MA, Schmidt FL, Hunter JE. Job experience correlates of performance. J Appl Psychol 1988;73:327-30.
77. McEnrue MD. Length of experience and the performance of managers in the establishment phase of their careers. Acad Manage J 1988;31:175-85.
78. Avolio BJ, Waldman DA, McDaniel MA. Age and work performance in non-managerial jobs: the effects of experience and occupational type. Acad Manage J 1990;33(2):407-22.
79. Avolio BJ, Waldman DA. Personnel aptitude test scores as a function of age, education and job type. Exp Aging Res 1987;13:109-13.
80. Czaja SJ, Sharit J. Age differences in the performance of computerbased work. Psychol Aging 1993;8(1):59-67.
81. McEvoy GM, Cascio WF. Cumulative evidence of the relationship between employee age and job performance. J Appl Psychol 1989;74(1):11-7.
82. Sterns HL, Alexander RA. Industrial gerontology: the aging individual and work. In: Schaie KW, editor. Annual review of gerontology and geriatries; vol 7. New York (NY): Springer Publishing Company, 1987:243-64.
83. Davies DR, Sparrow PR. Age and work behavior. In: Charness N, editor. Aging and human performance. Chichester (United Kingdom): John Wiley and Sons, 1985:293-332.
84. Warr P. Age and job performance. In: Snel J, Cremer R, editors. Work and aging: a European perspective. London: Taylor and Francis Ltd, 1994:309-25.
85. Avolio BJ. A levels-of-analysis perspective of aging and work research. In: Schaie KW, Lawton MP, editors. Annual review of gerontology and geriatrics; vol 11. New York (NY): Springer Publishing Company, 1991:239-60.
86. Waldman DA, Avolio BJ. A meta-analysis of age differences in job performance. J Appl Psychol 1986;71(1):33-8.
87. Rhodes SR. Age-related differences in work attitudes and behavior: a review and conceptual analysis. Psychol Bull 1983;93:328-67.
88. Hoppock R. Comparisons of satisfied and dissatisfied teachers. Psychol Bull 1935;12:661.
89. Wright JD, Hamilton RF. Work satisfaction and age: some evidence for the job change hypothesis. Soc Forces 1978;56(2):1140-58.
90. Janson P, Martin JK. Job satisfaction and age: a test of two views. Soc Forces 1982;60(4):1089-102.
91. Kacmar KM, Ferns GR. Theoretical and methodological considerations in the age-job satisfaction relationship. J Appl Psychol 1989;74(2):201-7.
92. Mathieu JE, Zajac DM. A review and meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of organizational commitment. Psychol Bull 1990;108(2):171-94.
93. Sterns HL, Barrett GV, Alexander RA. Accidents and the aging individual. In: Birren JE, Schaie KW, editors. Handbook of the psychology of aging, 2nd ed. New York (NY): Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1985:703-24.
94. Dillingham AE. Age and workplace injuries. Aging Work 1981;4(1):1-10.
95. Root N. Injuries at work are fewer among older employees. Mon Labor Rev 1981;104(3):30-4.
96. Garg A. Ergonomics and the older worker: an overview. Exp Aging Res 1991;17(3):143-55.
97. Taylor DE. Absences from work among full-time employees. Mon Labor Rev 1981;104(3):68-70.
98. Martocchio JJ. Age-related differences in employee absenteeism: a meta-analysis. Psychol Aging 1989;4(4):409-14.
99. Bellaby P. What is genuine sickness? the relationship between work-discipline and the sick role in a pottery factory. Sociol Health Illness 1990;12(1):47-68.
100. Porter LW, Steers RM. Organizational, work, and personal factors in employee turnover and absenteeism. Psychol Bull 1973;80:151-76.
101. Mobley WH, Griffeth RW, Hand HH, Meglino BM. Review and conceptual analysis of the employee turnover process. Psychol Bull 1979;86(3):493-522.
102. Cotton JL, Tuttle JM. Employee turnover a meta-analysis and review with implications for research. Acad Manage Rev 1986;11(1):55-70.
103. Anderson K, Burkhauser R. The retirement-health nexus: a new measure of an old puzzle. J Hum Resour 1985;20:315-30.
104. Bazzoli G. The early retirement decision: new empirical evidence on the influence of health. J Hum Resour 1985;20:214-34.
105. McDonald PL, Wanner RA. Retirement in Canada. Markham (ON): Butterworths, 1990.
106. Stewman S. Labor markets, aging, and health. In: Birren JE, Robinson PK, Livingston JE, editors. Age, health, and employment. Englewood Cliffs (NJ): Prentice-Hall, 1986:114-57.
107. Altman R. Incomes of the early retired. J Soc Policy 1982;11:355-364.
108. Marshall VW, Daciuk J, Ballantyne P, McMullin JA. Health status after retirement: a life course perspective. In: Canadian Association on Gerontology. Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Scientific and Educational Meeting of the Canadian Association on Gerontology; 1993; Montreal (PQ). Montreal: Canadian Association on Gerontology, 1993.
109. Statistics Canada. Survey of persons not in the labor force. Ottawa (ON): Ministry of Supply and Services Canada, 1993.
110. McDonald PL. Retirement revisited: a secondary data analysis. Toronto (ON): University of Toronto, Institute for Human Development, Life Course and Aging, 1994. (Working paper series: issues of an sging workforce)
111. Jackson PR, Taylor PE. Factors associated with employment status in later working life. Work Employment Soc 1994;8(4):553-67.
112. Berkowitz M. Functioning ability and job performance as workers age. In: Borus ME, Parnes HS, Sandell SH, Seidman B, editors. The older worker. Madison (WI): Industrial Relations Research Association, 1988:87-114.
113. Metcalf H, Thompson M. Older workers: employers' attitudes and practices. London: IMS Manpower Commentary Program, 1990. (IMS report, no 194)
114. Newquist DD. Toward assessing health and functional capacity for policy development on workife extension. In: Birren JE, Robinson PK, Livingston JE, editors. Age, health, and employment. Englewood Cliffs (NJ): Prentice Hall, 1986:27-44.
115. Illmarinen J. Aging, work and health. In: Snel J, Cremer R, editors. Work and aging: a European perspective. London: Taylor and Francis Ltd, 1994:47-63.
116. Marshall VW. The next half-century of aging research - And thoughts for the past. J Gerontol Soc Sci 1995;50B:S131-3.
117. Illmarinen J, Louhevaara V. Preserving the capacity to work. Ageing Int 1994;11(2):34-6.
118. Illmarinen J, Tuomi K, Eskelinen L, Nygard C-H, Huuhtanen P, Klockars M. Background and objectives of the Finnish research project on aging workers in municipal occupations. Scand J Work Environ Health 1991;17suppl 1:7-11.
119. Ilmarinen J. Aging and work: problems and solutions for promoting the work ability. In: From experience to innovation: proceedings of the 13th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association; vol 5. International Ergonomics Association, 1997:3-16.
120. van Dijk FJH, Donnolen M, Kompier MAJ, Meijman TC. Herwaarderingsmodel belasting belastbaarheid. T Soc Gezondheidszorg 1990;68:3-10.
121. Kemper HCG. Physical work and the physiological consequences for the aging worker. In: Snel J, Cremer R, editors. Work and aging: a European perspective. London: Taylor and Francis Ltd, 1994:31-46.
122. Kahn RL. Work and health. New York (NY): John Wiley and Sons, 1981.
123. Johnson DF, Johnson JT. Managing the older worker. J Appl Gerontol 1982;1:58-66.
124. Robinson PK, Livingston JE, Birren JE, editors. Aging and technological advances. New York (NY): Plenum, 1984.
125. Jacobson D. Willingness to retire in relation to job strain and type of work. Ind Gerontol 1970;13:65-74.
126. Mitchell OS, Levine PB, Pozzebon S. Retirement differences by industry and occupation. Gerontologist 1988;28(4):545-51.
127. Karasek R, Theorell T. Healthy work: stress, productivity, and the reconstruction of working life. New York (NY): Basic Books Inc, 1990.
128. Institute for Human Development, Life Course and Aging. Work organization and the aging workforce: a Literature review. Toronto (ON): University of Toronto, Institute for Human Development, Life Course and Aging, 1994. Working paper series: issues of an aging workforce.
129. Knowles DE. Dispelling myths about older workers. In: Axel H, editor. Employing older Americans: opportunities and constraints. New York (NY): Conference Board, 1988.
130. Copperman LF, Keast FD. Adjusting to an older workforce. New York (NY): Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1983.
131. Burtless G. Introduction and summary. In: Burtless G, editor. Work, health, and income among the elderly. Washington (DC): The Brookings Institution, 1987:1-18.
132. van der Velden J. Age-conscious social policy. In: Snel J, Cremer R, editors. Work and aging: a European perspective. London: Taylor and Francis Ltd, 1994:353-64.