Endovascular therapy for ischemic stroke

Journal of Clinical Neurology (Korea)

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 1-8

  Appireddy, Ramana M R ^a   Demchuk, Andrew M ^b   Goyal, Mayank ^a   Menon, Bijoy K ^b   Eesa, Muneer ^a   Choi, Philip ^a   Hillg, Michael D ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Endovascular therapy; Mechanical thrombectomy; Stroke

Indexed keywords

EID: 84923352463     PISSN: 17386586     EISSN: 20055013     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2015.11.1.1     Document Type: Review

References (82)

1. Natarajan SK, Eller JL, Snyder KV, Hopkins LN, Levy EI, Siddiqui AH. Endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2013;23:673-694.
2. Heiss WD, Rosner G. Functional recovery of cortical neurons as related to degree and duration of ischemia. Ann Neurol 1983;14:294-301.
3. Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1581-1587.
4. Bivard A, Lin L, Parsonsb MW. Review of stroke thrombolytics. J Stroke 2013;15:90-98.
5. Grunwald IQ, Wakhloo AK, Walter S, Molyneux AJ, Byrne JV, Nagel S, et al. Endovascular stroke treatment today. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011;32:238-243.
6. Mishra SM, Dykeman J, Sajobi TT, Trivedi A, Almekhlafi M, Sohn SI, et al. Early Reperfusion Rates with IV tPA Are Determined by CTA Clot Characteristics. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014;35:2265-2272.
7. Saqqur M, Uchino K, Demchuk AM, Molina CA, Garami Z, Calleja S, et al. Site of arterial occlusion identified by transcranial Doppler predicts the response to intravenous thrombolysis for stroke. Stroke 2007;38:948-954.
8. del Zoppo GJ, Poeck K, Pessin MS, Wolpert SM, Furlan AJ, Ferbert A, et al. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute thrombotic and embolic stroke. Ann Neurol 1992;32:78-86.
9. Bhatia R, Shobha N, Menon BK, Bal SP, Kochar P, Palumbo V, et al. Combined full-dose IV and endovascular thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stroke. Int J Stroke 2014;9:974-979.
10. Sussman BJ, Fitch TS. Thrombolysis with fibrinolysin in cerebral arterial occlusion. J Am Med Assoc 1958;167:1705-1709.
11. del Zoppo GJ, Ferbert A, Otis S, Brückmann H, Hacke W, Zyroff J, et al. Local intra-arterial fibrinolytic therapy in acute carotid territory stroke. A pilot study. Stroke 1988;19:307-313.
12. Hacke W, Zeumer H, Ferbert A, Brückmann H, del Zoppo GJ. Intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy improves outcome in patients with acute vertebrobasilar occlusive disease. Stroke 1988;19:1216-1222.
13. Mori E, Tabuchi M, Yoshida T, Yamadori A. Intracarotid urokinase with thromboembolic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Stroke 1988;19:802-812.
14. del Zoppo GJ, Pessin MS, Mori E, Hacke W. Thrombolytic intervention in acute thrombotic and embolic stroke. Semin Neurol 1991;11: 368-384.
15. Zeumer H, Freitag HJ, Zanella F, Thie A, Arning C. Local intra-arterial fibrinolytic therapy in patients with stroke: urokinase versus recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-TPA). Neuroradiology 1993;35: 159-162.
16. del Zoppo GJ, Higashida RT, Furlan AJ, Pessin MS, Rowley HA, Gent M. PROACT: a phase II randomized trial of recombinant pro-urokinase by direct arterial delivery in acute middle cerebral artery stroke. PROACT Investigators. Prolyse in Acute Cerebral Thromboembolism. Stroke 1998;29:4-11.
17. Furlan A, Higashida R, Wechsler L, Gent M, Rowley H, Kase C, et al. Intra-arterial prourokinase for acute ischemic stroke. The PROACT II study: a randomized controlled trial. Prolyse in Acute Cerebral Thromboembolism. JAMA 1999;282:2003-2011.
18. Lewandowski CA, Frankel M, Tomsick TA, Broderick J, Frey J, Clark W, et al. Combined intravenous and intra-arterial r-TPA versus intra-arterial therapy of acute ischemic stroke: Emergency Management of Stroke (EMS) Bridging Trial. Stroke 1999;30:2598-2605.
19. IMS Study Investigators. Combined intravenous and intra-arterial recanalization for acute ischemic stroke: the Interventional Management of Stroke Study. Stroke 2004;35:904-911.
20. IMS II Trial Investigators. The Interventional Management of Stroke (IMS) II Study. Stroke 2007;38:2127-2135.
21. Broderick JP, Palesch YY, Demchuk AM, Yeatts SD, Khatri P, Hill MD, et al. Endovascular therapy after intravenous t-PA versus t-PA alone for stroke. N Engl J Med 2013;368:893-903.
22. Smith WS, Sung G, Starkman S, Saver JL, Kidwell CS, Gobin YP, et al. Safety and efficacy of mechanical embolectomy in acute ischemic stroke: results of the MERCI trial. Stroke 2005;36:1432-1438.
23. Smith WS, Sung G, Saver J, Budzik R, Duckwiler G, Liebeskind DS, et al. Mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: final results of the Multi MERCI trial. Stroke 2008;39:1205-1212.
24. Penumbra Pivotal Stroke Trial Investigators. The penumbra pivotal stroke trial: safety and effectiveness of a new generation of mechanical devices for clot removal in intracranial large vessel occlusive disease. Stroke 2009;40:2761-2768.
25. Struffert T, Köhrmann M, Engelhorn T, Nowe T, Richter G, Schellinger PD, et al. Penumbra Stroke System as an “add-on” for the treatment of large vessel occlusive disease following thrombolysis: first results. Eur Radiol 2009;19:2286-2293.
26. Menon BK, Hill MD, Eesa M, Modi J, Bhatia R, Wong J, et al. Initial experience with the Penumbra Stroke System for recanalization of large vessel occlusions in acute ischemic stroke. Neuroradiology 2011; 53:261-266.
27. Kulcsár Z, Bonvin C, Pereira VM, Altrichter S, Yilmaz H, Lövblad KO, et al. Penumbra system: a novel mechanical thrombectomy device for large-vessel occlusions in acute stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010;31:628-633.
28. Ciccone A, Valvassori L, Nichelatti M, Sgoifo A, Ponzio M, Sterzi R, et al. Endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2013;368:904-913.
29. Kidwell CS, Jahan R, Alger JR, Schaewe TJ, Guzy J, Starkman S, et al. Design and rationale of the Mechanical Retrieval and Recanalization of Stroke Clots Using Embolectomy (MR RESCUE) Trial. Int J Stroke 2014;9:110-116.
30. Holmes DR Jr, Califf RM, Topol EJ. Lessons we have learned from the GUSTO trial. Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 25(7 Suppl):10S-17S.
31. Gibson CM, Murphy SA, Marble SJ, McCabe CH, Antman EM, Cannon CP, et al. Can we replace the 90-minute thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grades with those at 60 minutes as a primary end point in thrombolytic trials? TIMI Study Group. Am J Cardiol 2001;87:450-453, A6.
32. The effects of tissue plasminogen activator, streptokinase, or both on coronary-artery patency, ventricular function, and survival after acute myocardial infarction. The GUSTO Angiographic Investigators. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1615-1622.
33. Stone GW, Grines CL, Cox DA, Garcia E, Tcheng JE, Griffin JJ, et al. Comparison of angioplasty with stenting, with or without abciximab, in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2002;346:957-966.
34. Mehta RH, Harjai KJ, Cox D, Stone GW, Brodie B, Boura J, et al. Clinical and angiographic correlates and outcomes of suboptimal coronary flow inpatients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42: 1739-1746.
35. Anderson JL, Karagounis LA, Califf RM. Metaanalysis of five reported studies on the relation of early coronary patency grades with mortality and outcomes after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1996;78:1-8.
36. An international randomized trial comparing four thrombolytic strategies for acute myocardial infarction. The GUSTO investigators. N Engl J Med 1993;329:673-682.
37. Takasawa M, Jones PS, Guadagno JV, Christensen S, Fryer TD, Harding S, et al. How reliable is perfusion MR in acute stroke? Validation and determination of the penumbra threshold against quantitative PET. Stroke 2008;39:870-877.
38. Fiorella D, Heiserman J, Prenger E, Partovi S. Assessment of the reproducibility of postprocessing dynamic CT perfusion data. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2004;25:97-107.
39. Latchaw RE, Alberts MJ, Lev MH, Connors JJ, Harbaugh RE, Higashida RT, et al. Recommendations for imaging of acute ischemic stroke: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Stroke 2009;40:3646-3678.
40. Albers GW, Thijs VN, Wechsler L, Kemp S, Schlaug G, Skalabrin E, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging profiles predict clinical response to early reperfusion: the diffusion and perfusion imaging evaluation for understanding stroke evolution (DEFUSE) study. Ann Neurol 2006;60: 508-517.
41. Davis SM, Donnan GA, Parsons MW, Levi C, Butcher KS, Peeters A, et al. Effects of alteplase beyond 3 h after stroke in the Echoplanar Imaging Thrombolytic Evaluation Trial (EPITHET): a placebo-controlled randomised trial. Lancet Neurol 2008;7:299-309.
42. Lansberg MG, Straka M, Kemp S, Mlynash M, Wechsler LR, Jovin TG, et al. MRI profile and response to endovascular reperfusion after stroke (DEFUSE 2): a prospective cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2012; 11:860-867.
43. Turk AS, Magarick JA, Frei D, Fargen KM, Chaudry I, Holmstedt CA, et al. CT perfusion-guided patient selection for endovascular recanalization in acute ischemic stroke: a multicenter study. J Neurointerv Surg 2013;5:523-527.
44. Nguyen TN, Zaidat OO, Edgell RC, Janjua N, Yavagal DR, Xavier AR, et al. Vascular neurologists and neurointerventionalists on endovascular stroke care: polling results. Neurology 2012;79(13 Suppl 1): S5-S15.
45. von Kummer R, Allen KL, Holle R, Bozzao L, Bastianello S, Manelfe C, et al. Acute stroke: usefulness of early CT findings before thrombolytic therapy. Radiology 1997;205:327-333.
46. Yoo AJ, Zaidat OO, Chaudhry ZA, Berkhemer OA, González RG, Goyal M, et al. Impact of pretreatment noncontrast CT Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score on clinical outcome after intra-arterial stroke therapy. Stroke 2014;45:746-751.
47. Menon BK, Puetz V, Kochar P, Demchuk AM. ASPECTS and other neuroimaging scores in the triage and prediction of outcome in acute stroke patients. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2011;21:407-423, xii.
48. Mlynash M, Lansberg MG, De Silva DA, Lee J, Christensen S, Straka M, et al. Refining the definition of the malignant profile: insights from the DEFUSE-EPITHET pooled data set. Stroke 2011;42:1270-1275.
49. Fiebach JB, Schellinger PD, Jansen O, Meyer M, Wilde P, Bender J, et al. CT and diffusion-weighted MR imaging in randomized order: diffusion-weighted imaging results in higher accuracy and lower interrater variability in the diagnosis of hyperacute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2002;33:2206-2210.
50. Barber PA, Demchuk AM, Zhang J, Buchan AM. Validity and reliability of a quantitative computed tomography score in predicting outcome of hyperacute stroke before thrombolytic therapy. ASPECTS Study Group. Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score. Lancet 2000;355:1670-1674.
51. Hill MD, Demchuk AM, Goyal M, Jovin TG, Foster LD, Tomsick TA, et al. Alberta Stroke Program early computed tomography score to select patients for endovascular treatment: Interventional Management of Stroke (IMS)-III Trial. Stroke 2014;45:444-449.
52. Liebeskind DS, Jahan R, Nogueira RG, Zaidat OO, Saver JL; SWIFT Investigators. Impact of collaterals on successful revascularization in Solitaire FR with the intention for thrombectomy. Stroke 2014;45: 2036-2040.
53. Yoo AJ, Verduzco LA, Schaefer PW, Hirsch JA, Rabinov JD, González RG. MRI-based selection for intra-arterial stroke therapy: value of pretreatment diffusion-weighted imaging lesion volume in selecting patients with acute stroke who will benefit from early recanalization. Stroke 2009;40:2046-2054.
54. Parsons MW, Christensen S, McElduff P, Levi CR, Butcher KS, De Silva DA, et al. Pretreatment diffusion-and perfusion-MR lesion volumes have a crucial influence on clinical response to stroke thrombolysis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2010;30:1214-1225.
55. Fisher M. Is penumbral imaging useful for extending the treatment window for intravenous tissue plasminogen activator? Ann Neurol 2006;60:499-501.
56. Yoo AJ, Pulli B, Gonzalez RG. Imaging-based treatment selection for intravenous and intra-arterial stroke therapies: a comprehensive review. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2011;9:857-876.
57. Kane I, Sandercock P, Wardlaw J. Magnetic resonance perfusion diffusion mismatch and thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stroke: a systematic review of the evidence to date. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007;78:485-491.
58. Butcher KS, Parsons M, MacGregor L, Barber PA, Chalk J, Bladin C, et al. Refining the perfusion-diffusion mismatch hypothesis. Stroke 2005;36:1153-1159.
59. Menon BK, O’Brien B, Bivard A, Spratt NJ, Demchuk AM, Miteff F, et al. Assessment of leptomeningeal collaterals using dynamic CT angiography in patients with acute ischemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013;33:365-371.
60. Menon BK, Demchuk AM. Computed Tomography Angiography in the Assessment of Patients With Stroke/TIA. Neurohospitalist 2011;1: 187-199.
61. Nogueira RG, Lutsep HL, Gupta R, Jovin TG, Albers GW, Walker GA, et al. Trevo versus Merci retrievers for thrombectomy revascularisation of large vessel occlusions in acute ischaemic stroke (TREVO 2): a randomised trial. Lancet 2012;380:1231-1240.
62. Saver JL, Jahan R, Levy EI, Jovin TG, Baxter B, Nogueira RG, et al. Solitaire flow restoration device versus the Merci Retriever in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (SWIFT): a randomised, parallel-group, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2012;380:1241-1249.
63. Liebeskind DS, Tomsick TA, Foster LD, Yeatts SD, Carrozzella J, Demchuk AM, et al. Collaterals at angiography and outcomes in the Interventional Management of Stroke (IMS) III trial. Stroke 2014;45: 759-764.
64. Liebeskind DS. Trials of endovascular therapies or collaterals? Int J Stroke 2013;8:258-259.
65. Nambiar V, Sohn SI, Almekhlafi MA, Chang HW, Mishra S, Qazi E, et al. CTA collateral status and response to recanalization in patients with acute ischemic stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014;35:884-890.
66. Demchuk AM, Goyal M, Yeatts SD, Carrozzella J, Foster LD, Qazi E, et al. Recanalization and clinical outcome of occlusion sites at baseline CT angiography in the Interventional Management of Stroke III trial. Radiology 2014;273:202-210.
67. Kidwell CS, Jahan R, Gornbein J, Alger JR, Nenov V, Ajani Z, et al. A trial of imaging selection and endovascular treatment for ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2013;368:914-923.
68. Lees KR, Bluhmki E, von Kummer R, Brott TG, Toni D, Grotta JC, et al. Time to treatment with intravenous alteplase and outcome in stroke: an updated pooled analysis of ECASS, ATLANTIS, NINDS, and EPITHET trials. Lancet 2010;375:1695-1703.
69. Marler JR, Tilley BC, Lu M, Brott TG, Lyden PC, Grotta JC, et al. Early stroke treatment associated with better outcome: the NINDS rt-PA stroke study. Neurology 2000;55:1649-1655.
70. Alexandrov AV, Molina CA, Grotta JC, Garami Z, Ford SR, Alvarez-Sabin J, et al. Ultrasound-enhanced systemic thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2004;351:2170-2178.
71. Khatri P, Yeatts SD, Mazighi M, Broderick JP, Liebeskind DS, Demchuk AM, et al. Time to angiographic reperfusion and clinical outcome after acute ischaemic stroke: an analysis of data from the Interventional Management of Stroke (IMS III) phase 3 trial. Lancet Neurol 2014;13:567-574.
72. Menon BK, Almekhlafi MA, Pereira VM, Gralla J, Bonafe A, Davalos A, et al. Optimal workflow and process-based performance measures for endovascular therapy in acute ischemic stroke: analysis of the Solitaire FR thrombectomy for acute revascularization study. Stroke 2014;45:2024-2029.
73. Meretoja A, Weir L, Ugalde M, Yassi N, Yan B, Hand P, et al. Helsinki model cut stroke thrombolysis delays to 25 minutes in Melbourne in only 4 months. Neurology 2013;81:1071-1076.
74. Meretoja A, Strbian D, Mustanoja S, Tatlisumak T, Lindsberg PJ, Kaste M. Reducing in-hospital delay to 20 minutes in stroke thrombolysis. Neurology 2012;79:306-313.
75. Khatri P, Abruzzo T, Yeatts SD, Nichols C, Broderick JP, Tomsick TA, et al. Good clinical outcome after ischemic stroke with successful revascularization is time-dependent. Neurology 2009;73:1066-1072.
76. Sun CH, Nogueira RG, Glenn BA, Connelly K, Zimmermann S, Anda K, et al. “Picture to puncture”: a novel time metric to enhance outcomes in patients transferred for endovascular reperfusion in acute ischemic stroke. Circulation 2013;127:1139-1148.
77. Gupta R, Horev A, Nguyen T, Gandhi D, Wisco D, Glenn BA, et al. Higher volume endovascular stroke centers have faster times to treatment, higher reperfusion rates and higher rates of good clinical outcomes. J Neurointerv Surg 2013;5:294-297.
78. Sun CH, Bhatt DL, Nogueira RG, Gupta R. Endovascular therapy for stroke: getting to the “heart” of the matter. Circulation 2014;129:1152-1160.
79. Almekhlafi MA, Hockley A, Desai JA, Nambiar V, Mishra S, Volny O, et al. Overcoming the evening/weekend effects on time delays and outcomes of endovascular stroke therapy: the Calgary Stroke Program experience. J Neurointerv Surg 2014;6:729-732.
80. Tomsick T. TIMI, TIBI, TICI: I came, I saw, I got confused. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007;28:382-384.
81. Tarr R, Hsu D, Kulcsar Z, Bonvin C, Rufenacht D, Alfke K, et al. The POST trial: initial post-market experience of the Penumbra system: revascularization of large vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke in the United States and Europe. J Neurointerv Surg 2010;2:341-344.
82. Shi ZS, Loh Y, Walker G, Duckwiler GR; MERCI and Multi-MERCI Investigators. Clinical outcomes in middle cerebral artery trunk occlusions versus secondary division occlusions after mechanical thrombectomy: pooled analysis of the Mechanical Embolus Removal in Cerebral Ischemia (MERCI) and Multi MERCI trials. Stroke 2010;41: 953-960.