Strategies to Detect Hepatic Myofibroblasts in Liver Cirrhosis of Different Etiologies

Current Pathobiology Reports

Volumn 2, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 209-215

  Iwaisako, Keiko ^a   Taura, Kojiro ^a   Koyama, Yukinori ^a   Takemoto, Kenji ^a,b   Asagiri, Masataka ^b  

^a KYOTO UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

^b KYOTO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Hepatic fibrosis; Hepatic stellate cells; Liver cirrhosis; Myofibroblasts; Portal fibroblasts

Indexed keywords

EID: 84923302477     PISSN: None     EISSN: 2167485X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s40139-014-0057-8     Document Type: Review

References (41)

1. Friedman SL (2008) Mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis. Gastroenterology 134:1655–1669. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.03.003
2. Zhang DY, Friedman SL (2012) Fibrosis-dependent mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis. Hepatology 56:769–775. doi:10.1002/hep.25670
3. Murray KF, Carithers RL Jr, AASLD (2005) AASLD practice guidelines: evaluation of the patient for liver transplantation. Hepatology 41:1407–1432
4. Pellicoro A et al (2014) Liver fibrosis and repair: immune regulation of wound healing in a solid organ. Nat Rev Immunol 14:181–194. doi:10.1038/nri3623
5. Friedman SL (1999) The virtuosity of hepatic stellate cells. Gastroenterology 117:1244–1246
6. Lee UE, Friedman SL (2011) Mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 25:195–206. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2011.02.005
7. Lua I et al (2014) Mesodermal mesenchymal cells give rise to myofibroblasts, but not epithelial cells, in mouse liver injury. Hepatology 60:311–322. doi:10.1002/hep.27035
8. • Brenner DA et al (2012) Origin of myofibroblasts in liver fibrosis. Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair 6:S17. The authors summarize that the origin of myofibroblasts are different for different types of chronic liver diseases
9. Taura K et al (2010) Hepatocytes do not undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition in liver fibrosis in mice. Hepatology 51:1027–1036. doi:10.1002/hep.23368
10. Bataller R, Brenner DA (2005) Liver fibrosis. J Clin Invest 115:109–118
11. Jenne CN, Kubes P (2013) Immune surveillance by the liver. Nat Immunol 14:996–1006. doi:10.1038/ni.2691
12. Liu Y et al (2012) IL-13 signaling in liver fibrogenesis. Front Immunol 3:116. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2012.00116
13. Shi Z, Wakil AE, Rockey DC (1997) Strain-specific differences in mouse hepatic wound healing are mediated by divergent T helper cytokine responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:10663–10668
14. Li J et al (2012) Significance of the balance between regulatory T (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells during hepatitis B virus related liver fibrosis. PLoS One 7:e39307. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039307
15. Iredale JP, Thompson A, Henderson NC (2013) Extracellular matrix degradation in liver fibrosis: biochemistry and regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta 1832:876–883. doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.11.002
16. Barry-Hamilton V et al (2010) Allosteric inhibition of lysyl oxidase-like-2 impedes the development of a pathologic microenvironment. Nat Med 16:1009–1017. doi:10.1038/nm.2208
17. Eyden B (2008) The myofibroblast: phenotypic characterization as a prerequisite to understanding its functions in translational medicine. J Cell Mol Med 12:22–37. doi:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2007.00213.x
18. Schürch W et al (1998) The myofibroblast: a quarter century after its discovery. Am J Surg Pathol 22:141–147
19. Scholten D et al (2011) Migration of fibrocytes in fibrogenic liver injury. Am J Pathol 179:189–198. doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.03.049
20. Parola M, Marra F, Pinzani M (2008) Myofibroblast-like cells in liver fibrogenesis: emerging concepts in a rapidly moving scenario. Mol Asp Med 29:58–66
21. • Kisseleva T et al (2012) Myofibroblasts revert to an inactive phenotype during regression of liver fibrosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109:9448–9453. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1201840109. This study by using genetic labeling of aHSCs/myofibroblasts demonstrates that some aHSCs escape cell death and revert to an inactivated phenotype
22. Troeger JS et al (2012) Deactivation of hepatic stellate cells during liver fibrosis resolution in mice. Gastroenterology 143(1073–83):e22. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.06.036
23. Shi J et al (1998) Evidence of hepatocyte apoptosis in rat liver after the administration of carbon tetrachloride. Am J Pathol 153:515–525
24. Ljubuncic P, Tanne Z, Bomzon A (2000) Evidence of a systemic phenomenon for oxidative stress in cholestatic liver disease. Gut 47:710–716
25. Desmet VJ (2011) Ductal plates in hepatic ductular reactions. Hypothesis and implications. I. Types of ductular reaction reconsidered. Virchows Arch 458:251–259. doi:10.1007/s00428-011-1048-3
26. Popov Y et al (2010) Macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic cholangiocytes contributes to reversal of experimental biliary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 298:G323–G334. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00394.2009
27. Senoo H et al (2010) Hepatic stellate cell (vitamin A-storing cell) and its relative–past, present and future. Cell Biol Int 34:1247–1272. doi:10.1042/CBI20100321
28. Blaner WS et al (2009) Hepatic stellate cell lipid droplets: a specialized lipid droplet for retinoid storage. Biochim Biophys Acta 1791:467–473. doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2008.11.001
29. Shirakami Y et al (2012) Hepatic metabolism of retinoids and disease associations. Biochim Biophys Acta 1821:124–136. doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.06.023
30. Wells RG (2014) The portal fibroblast: not just a poor man’s stellate cell. Gastroenterology 147:41–47. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.05.001
31. Wells RG, Kruglov E, Dranoff JA (2004) Autocrine release of TGF-beta by portal fibroblasts regulates cell growth. FEBS Lett 559:107–110
32. Li Z et al (2007) Transforming growth factor-and substrate stiffness regulate portal fibroblast activation in culture. Hepatology 46:1246–1256
33. Motoyama H et al (2014) Cytoglobin is expressed in hepatic stellate cells, but not in myofibroblasts, in normal and fibrotic human liver. Lab Invest 94:192–207. doi:10.1038/labinvest.2013.135
34. Perepelyuk M et al (2013) Hepatic stellate cells and portal fibroblasts are the major cellular sources of collagens and lysyl oxidases in normal liver and early after injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 304:G605–G614. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00222.2012
35. •• Iwaisako K et al (2014) Origin of myofibroblasts in the fibrotic liver in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 29. pii: 201400062. [Epub ahead of print] This study demonstrates that the novel flow cytometry-based method enables identification of hepatic myofibroblasts and isolation of distinct subsets of myofibroblasts
36. Yata Y et al (2003) DNase I-hypersensitive sites enhance alpha1(I) collagen gene expression in hepatic stellate cells. Hepatology 37:267–276
37. Mederacke I et al (2013) Fate tracing reveals hepatic stellate cells as dominant contributors to liver fibrosis independent of its aetiology. Nat Commun 4:2823. doi:10.1038/ncomms3823
38. Kisseleva T, Brenner DA (2013) Inactivation of myofibroblasts during regression of liver fibrosis. Cell Cycle 12:381–382. doi:10.4161/cc.23549
39. • Kisseleva T, Brenner DA (2012) The phenotypic fate and functional role for bone marrow-derived stem cells in liver fibrosis. J Hepatol 56:965–972. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.09.021. The authors summarizes that bone marrow derived cells play an important role in pathogenesis and resolution of liver fibrosis
40. Li Y et al (2013) Mesothelial cells give rise to hepatic stellate cells and myofibroblasts via mesothelial-mesenchymal transition in liver injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110:2324–2329. doi:10.1073/pnas.1214136110
41. Kisseleva T, Brenner DA (2011) Anti-fibrogenic strategies and the regression of fibrosis. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 25:305–317. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2011.02.011