Making constitutions: Presidents, parties, and institutional choice in latin America

Making Constitutions: Presidents, Parties, and Institutional Choice in Latin America

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 1-283

  Negretto, Gabriel L ^a  

^a CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y DOCENCIA ECONÓMICAS   (Mexico)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84923120352     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781139207836     Document Type: Book

References (277)

1. Achen, Christopher H., and Duncan Snidai. 1989. “Rational Deterrence Theory and Comparative Case Studies.” World Politics 41(2): 143–169.
2. Ackerman, Bruce. 1991. We The People. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
3. Ackerman, Bruce. 1992. The Future of Liberal Revolution. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
4. Acuña, Carlos. 1995. “Algunas Notas sobre los Juegos, las Gallinas y la Lògica Política de los Pactos Constitucionales.” in La Nueva Matriz Politica Argentina, edited by Carlos Acuña, 115–150. Buenos Aires: Nueva Vision.
5. Aguilar-Rivera, José Antonio. 2000. En Pos de la Quimera. El Experimento ConstitucionalAtlantico. Ciudad de México: FCE-CIDE.
6. Alemán, Eduardo, and George Tsebelis. 2005. “The Origins of Conditional Agenda-Setting Power in Latin America.” Latin American Research Review 40(2): 3–26.
7. Alexander, Gerard. 2001. “Institutions, Path Dependence, and Democratic Consolidation.” Journal of Theoretical Politics 13(3): 249–270.
8. Alfonsín, Raúl. 1996. Democracia y Consenso: A Propósito de la Reforma Constitucional. Buenos Aires: Corregidor.
9. Amorim Neto, Octavio, and Gary W. Cox. 1997. “Electoral Institutions, Cleavage Structures, and the Number of Parties.” American Journal of Political Science 41(1): 149–174.
10. Andrews, Josephine, and Robert Jackman. 2004. “Strategic Fools: Electoral Rule Choice Under Extreme Uncertainty.” Electoral Studies 24(1): 65–84.
11. Arato, Andrew. 1995. “Forms of Constitution-Making and Theories of Democracy.” Cardozo Law Review 17(2): 191–231.
12. Archer, Ronald. 1995. “Party Strength and Weakness in Colombia’s Besieged Democracy.” in Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems in Latin America, edited by Scott Mainwaring and Timothy Scully, 164–199. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
13. Archer, Ronald. and Marc Chernick. 1989. “El Presidente Frente a las Instituciones Nacionales.” in La Democracia en Blanco y Negro. Colombia en los Años Ochenta, edited by Patricia Vásquez de Urrutia, 31–80. Bogota: Fondo Editorial Cerec.
14. Archer, Ronald. and Matthew Shugart. 1997. “The Unrealized Potential of Presidential Dominance in Colombia.” in Presidentialism and Democracy in Latin America, edited by Scott Mainwaring and Matthew Shugart, 110–159. New York: Cambridge University Press.
15. Bawn, Kathleen. 1993. “The Logic of Institutional Preferences: German Electoral Law as a Social Choice Outcome.” American Journal of Political Science 37(4): 965–989.
16. Bejarano, Ana Maria. 2001. “The Constitution of 1991: An Evaluation Seven Years Later.” in Violence in Colombia, 1990–2000: Waging War and Negotiating Peace, edited by Charles Bergquist, Ricardo Peñaranda, and Gonzalo Sanchez, 53–74. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources.
17. Benoit, Kenneth, and Jacqueline Hayden. 2004. “Institutional Change and Persistence: The Evolution of Poland’s Electoral System, 1989–2001.” Journal of Politics 66(2): 396–427.
18. Birch, Sarah, Frances Millard, Marina Popescu, and Kieran Williams. 2002. Embodying Democracy. Electoral System Design in Post-Communist Europe. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave MacMillan.
19. Blanksten, George. 1953. Perón’s Argentina. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
20. Blaustein, Albert P., and Gisbert H. Flanz. 2008 (yearly updates). Constitutions of the Countries of the World. Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana Publications.
21. Boix, Carles. 1999. “Setting the Rules of the Game: The Choice of Electoral Systems in Advanced Democracies.” American Political Science Review 93(3): 609–624.
22. Bonime-Blanc, Andrea. 1987. Spain’s Transition to Democracy: The Politics of Constitution-Making. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
23. Botana, Natalio. 1985. El Orden Conservador. Buenos Aires: Sudamericana.
24. Botana, Natalio. and Ana María Mustapic. 1991. “La Reforma Constitucional Frente al Regimen Politico Argentino.” in Reforma Institucional y Cambio Politico, edited by Dieter Nohlen and Liliana de Riz, 45–92. Buenos Aires: Legasa.
25. Brady, Henry, David Collier, and James Seawright. 2004. “Sources of Leverage in Causal Inference: Toward an Alternative View of Methodology.” in Rethinking Social Inquiry. Diverse Tools, Shared Standards, edited by Henry Brady and David Collier, 229–266. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
26. Brambor, Thomas, Roberts William Clark, and Matt Golder. 2006. “Understanding Interaction Models: Improving Empirical Analyses.” Political Analysis, 14(1): 63–82.
27. Brams, Steven J. 1990. Negotiation Games: Applying Game Theory to Bargaining and Arbitration. New York: Routledge.
28. Brennan, Geoffrey, and James Buchanan. 1985. The Reason of Rules: Constitutional Political Economy. New York: Cambridge University Press.
29. Brown, Nathan J. 2008. “Reason, Interest, Rationality, and Passion in Constitution Drafting.” Perspectives on Politics 6(4): 675–689.
30. Buchanan, James. 1990. “The Domain of Constitutional Economics.” Constitutional Political Economy 1(1): 1–18.
31. Buchanan, James. and Gordon Tullock. 1962. The Calculus of Consent. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
32. Buquet, Daniel. 2007. “Entre la Legitimidad y la Eficacia: Reformas en los Sistemas de Elección Presidencial en America Latina.” Revista Uruguaya de Ciencia Politica, 16: 35–49.
33. Burton, Michael, Richard Gunther, and John Higley. 1992. “Introduction: Elite Transformations and Democratic Regimes.” in Elites and Democratic Consolidation in Latin America and Southern Europe, edited by Michael Burton, Richard Gunther, and John Higley, 1–37. New York: Cambridge University Press.
34. Bushnell, David. 1993. The Making of Modern Colombia: A Nation in Spite of Itself. Berkeley: University of California Press.
35. Campbell, John L. 2010. “Institutional Reproduction and Change.” in The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Institutional Analysis, edited by Glenn Morgan, John Campbell, Colin Crouch, Ove Kai Pedersen, and Richard Whitley, 87–116. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
36. Cantòn, Dario. 1966. El Parlamento Argentino enÉpocas de Cambio: 1890, 1916, 1946. Buenos Aires: Editorial del Instituto.
37. Cantòn, Dario. 1973. Eleccionesy Partidos Politicos en la Argentina: Historia, Interpretaciòn y Balance: 1910–1966 Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI.
38. Cárdenas, Mauricio, Roberto Junguito, and Mónica Pachón. 2006. Political Institutions and Policy Outcomes in Colombia: The Effects of the 1991 Constitution. Research Network Working Paper # R-508. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank.
39. Carey, John. 2000. “Parchment, Equilibria, and Institutions.” Comparative Political Studies 33(6–7): 735–761.
40. Carey, John. 2003. “The Reelection Debate in Latin America.” Latin American Politics and Society 45 (1) 119–133.
41. Carey, John. and Matthew S. Shugart. 1995. “Incentives to Cultivate a Personal Vote.” Electoral Studies 14(4): 417–439.
42. Carey, John. and Matthew S. Shugart, eds. 1998. Executive Decree Authority. New York: Cambridge University Press.
43. Caroll, Royce, and Mónica Pachon. 2006. Presidential Patronage and Coalition Building in Colombia: 1968–1990. Paper presented at the 2007 Southern Political Science Association Meeting, New Orleans, LA, January 4–7.
44. Cason, Jeffrey. 2000. “Electoral Reform and Stability in Uruguay.” Journal of Democracy II (2): 85–98.
45. Cepeda Espinosa, Manuel José. 1985. “Las Relaciones entre el Presidente y la Corte Durante la Emergencia Económica: un Semidios Enfrentando a un Monstruo.” in Estado de Sitio y Emergencia Económica, edited by Manuel José Cepeda Espinosa, 43–71. Bogota: Contraloría de la Republica.
46. Cepeda Espinosa, Manuel José. 1991. “¿Cómo se Hizo la Constitución? Mitos y Realidades.” in La Constituyente por Dentro. Mitos y Realidades, edited by Manuel José Cepeda Espinosa, vii–liii. Bogota: Presidencia de la República, Consejería para el Desarrollo de la Constitución.
47. Cheibub, José Antonio. 2007. Presidentialism, Parliamentarism, and Democracy. New York: Cambridge University Press.
48. Zachary Elkins, and Tom Ginsburg. 2011. “Is There a Latin American Model of Constitutional Design?” Texas Law Review 89(7): 1707–1739.
49. Ciria, Alberto. 1968. Partidos y Poder en la Argentina Moderna (1930–46). Buenos Aires: Jorge Alvarez.
50. Colomer, Josep M. 2004. “The Strategy and History of Electoral System Choice.” in Handbook of Electoral System Choice, edited by Josep Colomer, 3–13. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
51. Colomer, Josep M. 2005. “It’s the Parties That Choose Electoral Systems (or Duverger’s Laws Upside Down).” Political Studies 53(1): 1–21.
52. Colon-Rios, Joel. 2012. Weak Constitutionalism: Democratic Legitimacy and the Question of Constituent Power. New York: Routledge.
53. Conaghan, Catherine M. 1995. “Politicians Against Parties: Discord and Disconnection in Ecuador’s Party System.” in Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems in Latin America, edited by Scott Mainwaring and Timothy Scully 4344–4358. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
54. Consejo para la Consolidación de la Democracia. 1986. Reforma de la Constitución: Dictamen Preliminar. Buenos Aires: Eudeba.
55. Consejo para la Consolidación de la Democracia. 1987. Reforma de la Constitución: Segundo Dictamen. Buenos Aires: Eudeba.
56. Coppedge, Michael. 2007. “Thickening Thin Concepts: Issues in Large-N Data Generation.” in Regimes and Democracy in Latin America: Theories and Methods, edited by Gerardo Munck, 105–122. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
57. Cox, Gary. 1997. Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World’s Electoral Systems. New York: Cambridge University Press.
58. Cox, Gary. and Mathew D. McCubbins. 2001. “The Institutional Determinants of Economic Policy Outcomes.” in Presidents, Parliaments and Policy, edited by Stephan Haggard and Matthew D. McCubbins, 21–63. New York: Cambridge University Press.
59. Cox, Gary. and Scott Morgenstern. 2002. “Epilogue: Latin America’s Reactive Assemblies and Proactive Presidents.” in Legislative Politics in Latin America, edited by Scott Morgenstern and Benito Nacif, 446–468. New York: Cambridge University Press.
60. Darío Gómez, Germán, and Mario Justo López (h.). 2001. in Entrela Hegemonia y el Pluralismo. Evolucion del Sistema de Partidos Politicos Argentinos, edited by Mario Justo López (h.), 241–325. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Lumiere.
61. Del Barco, Ricardo. 1983. El Régimen Peronista 1946–1955. Buenos Aires: Belgrano.
62. Diamond, Martin. 1981. The Founding of the Democratic Republic. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing.
63. DiMaggio, Paul J., and Walter Powell. 1983. “The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields.” American Sociological Review 48(2): 147–160.
64. Dugas, John. 1993. La Constitución de 1991. ¿Un Pacto Politico Viable? Bogota: Universidad de los Andes, Departamento de Ciencia Política.
65. Duverger, Maurice. 1963. Political Parties: Their Organization and Activity in the Modern State. New York: Wiley.
66. Elkins, Zachary, and Beth Simmons. 2005. “On Waves, Clusters and Diffusion: A Conceptual Framework.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 598: 33–51.
67. Tom Ginsburg, and James Melton. 2009. The Endurance of National Constitutions. New York: Cambridge University Press.
68. Elster, Jon. 1991a. “Born to Be Immortal: The Constitution-Making Process,” Cooley Lectures, University of Michigan Law School, April 15–17 (on file in University of Chicago Law Review).
69. Elster, Jon. 1991b. “Arguing and Bargaining in Two Constituent Assemblies,” Storr Lectures, Yale Law School.
70. Elster, Jon. 1991c. “Constitutionalism in Eastern Europe: An Introduction.” The University of Chicago Law Review 58: 447–482.
71. Elster, Jon. 1995a. “Strategic Uses of Argument.” in Barriers to the Negotiated Resolution of Conflict Resolution, edited by Kenneth Arrow, Robert H. Mnookin, Lee Ross, Amos Tversky and Robert Wilson, 236–257. New York: Norton.
72. Elster, Jon. 1995b. “Forces and Mechanisms in Constitution-Making.” Duke Law Review 45: 364–396.
73. Elster, Jon. 1995c. “Equal or Proportional? Arguing and Bargaining over the Senate at the Federal Convention.” in Explaining Social Institutions, edited by Jack Knight and Itaid Sened, 145–160. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
74. Elster, Jon. 2006. “Legislatures as Constituent Assemblies.” in The Least Examined Branch. The Role of Legislatures in the Constitutional State, edited by Richard W. Bauman and Tsvi Kahana, 181–197. New York: Cambridge University Press.
75. Engelhart, Barbara. 2008. ElCongreso y el Poder Ejecutivo en la Primera Presidencia de Peron (1946–1949). Bachelor’s thesis, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
76. Espinal, Rosario. 2001. “Las Reformas Electorales y su Impacto en el Sistema Polìtico Dominicano.” in Reformas Electorales: Experiencias Regionales sobre Calendarios Electorales y Sistemas de Doble Vuelta, edited by Rosario Espinal. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic: Impresora Vargas.
77. Everitt, Brian, and Graham Dunn. 2001. Applied Multivariate Data Analysis. London: Edward Arnold.
78. Fajardo, Diana. 1991. “Aspectos Generales de las Votaciones.” in La Constituyente por Dentro. Mitos y Realidades, edited by Manuel José Cepeda, 229–253. Bogota: Presidencia de la República, Consejería para el Desarrollo de la Constitución.
79. Ferejohn, John A., Jack N. Rakove, and Jonathan Riley, eds. 2001. Constitutional Culture and Democratic Rule. New York: Cambridge University Press.
80. Ferreira Rubio, Delia, and Matteo Goretti. 1998. “When the President Governs Alone: The Decretazo in Argentina, 1989–93.” in Executive Degree Authority, edited by John Carey and Matthew Shugart, 33–61. New York: Cambridge University Press.
81. Findley, Roger W., Fernando Cepeda Ulloa, and Nicolás Gamboa Morales. 1983. Intervención Presidencial en la Economía el Estado de Derecho en Colombia. Bogota: Universidad de los Andes.
82. Freidenberg, Flavia. 2005. “Mucho Ruido y Pocas Nueces. Organizaciones Partidistas y Democracia Interna en América Latina.” Polis I(I): 91–134.
83. Frye, Timothy. 1997. “A Politics of Institutional Choice: Post-Communist Presidencies.” Comparative Political Studies 30(5): 523–552.
84. Galán, Luis Carlos. 1985. “Paz, Reforma Política y Democracia.” in Reformas Politicas. Apertura Democrática, edited by Cristina de la Torre, 126–140. Bogota: Editorial Nikos.
85. Gallagher, Michael. 2005. “Appendix B: Indices of Fragmentation and Disproportionality.” in The Politics of Electoral Systems, edited by Michael Gallagher and Paul Mitchell, 598–606. New York: Oxford University Press.
86. Gallagher, Michael. and Paul Mitchell. 2005. “Introduction to Electoral Systems.” in The Politics of Electoral S stems, edited by Michael Gallagher and Paul Mitchell, 3–23. New York: Oxford University Press.
87. Garcia Lema, Alberto M. 1994. La Reforma por Dentro. Buenos Aires: Planeta.
88. Garcia Sebastiani, Marcela. 2001. “Peronismo y Oposición Política en el Parlamento Argentino. La Dimensión del Conflicto con la Unión Cívica Radical (1946–1951).” Revista de Indias 61(221): 27–66.
89. Gargarella, Roberto. 2004. “The Constitution of Inequality. Constitutionalism in the Americas, 1776–1860.” International Journal of Constitutional Law 3(1): 1–23.
90. Geddes, Barbara. 1990. Democratic Institutions as a Bargain Among Self-Interested Politicians. Paper presented at the 1990 meeting of the American Political Science Association, San Francisco, August 30–September 2.
91. Geddes, Barbara. 1996. “Initiation of New Democratic Institutions in Eastern Europe and Latin America.” in Institutional Design in New Democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America, edited by Arend Lijphart and Carlos Waisman, 15–42. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
92. Gelli, Maria Angelica. 1992. “Implicancias Juridicas y Politicas de la Promulgación Parcial de las Leyes.” La Ley 1992–E5: 334–338.
93. Gelli, Maria Angelica. 2007. Constitución de la Nación Argentina. Buenos Aires: La Ley.
94. Gerring, John. 2007. Case Study Research. Principles and Practices. New York: Cambridge University Press.
95. Ginsburg, Tom. 2003. Judicial Review in New Democracies. Constitutional Courts in Asian Cases. New York: Cambridge University Press.
96. Zachary Elkins, and Justin Blount. 2009. “Does the Constitution-Making Process Matter?” Annual Review of Law and Social Sciences 5: 201–223.
97. Golder, Matt. 2003. “Democratic Electoral Systems Around the World, 1946–2000.” Electoral Studies 24: 103–121.
98. Golder, Matt. 2006. “Presidential Coattails and Legislative Fragmentation.” American Journal of Political Science 50(1): 34–48.
99. Greif, Avner, and David Laitin. 2004. “A Theory of Endogenous Institutional Change.” American Political Science Review 98(4): 633–652.
100. Grindle, Merilee S. 2000. Audacious Reforms: Institutional Invention and Democracy in Latin America. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
101. Grofman, Bernard, and Andrew Reynolds. 2001. “Electoral Systems and the Art of Constitutional Engineering: An Inventory of the Main Findings.” in Rules and Reason. Perspectives on Constitutional Political Economy, edited by Ram Mudambi, Pietro Navarra, and Giuseppe Sobbrio, 125–164. New York: Cambridge University Press.
102. Gunther, Richard, and Anthony Mughan. 1993. “Political Institutions and Cleavage Management.” in Do Institutions Matter?: Government Capabilities in the United States and Abroad, edited by Kent Weaver and Bert Rockman, 272–301. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.
103. Gutierrez Sanín, Francisco. 2002. “Historias de Democratización Anómala. El Partido Liberal en el Sistema Político Colombiano desde el Frente Nacional Hasta Hoy.” in Degradación o Cambio. Evolución del Sistema Político Colombiano, edited by Francisco Gutierrez Sanin, 15–78. Bogota: Norma.
104. Haggard, Stephan, and Robert R. Kaufman. 1995. The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
105. Hawkins, Kirk, and Scott Morgenstern. 2003. Cohesion of Legislators in Latin America: Patterns and Explanations. Working Paper. Duke University, Department of Political Science.
106. Hardin, Russell. 1989. “Why a Constitution?” in The Federalist Papers and the New Institutionalism, edited by Bernard Grofman and Donald Wittman, 101–120. New York: Agathon Press.
107. Hardin, Russell. 1995. One for All: The Logic of Group Conflict. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
108. Hardy, Marcos Armando. 1957. Esquema del Estado Justicialista: Su Doctrina e Instituciones Politico-Juridicas. Buenos Aires: Quetzal.
109. Hartlyn, Jonathan, and Juan Pablo Luna. 2007. Constitutional Reform in Latin America. Intentions and Outcomes. Paper presented at the 2007 Latin American Studies Association Meeting, Montreal, September 5–8.
110. Heckarthorn, Douglas, and Steven Maser. 1987. “Bargaining and Constitutional Contracts.” American Journal of Political Science 31(1): 142–168.
111. Helmke, Gretchen. 2005. “Enduring Uncertainty: Court-Executive Relations in Argentina during the 1990s and Beyond.” in The Politics of Institutional Weakness. Argentine Democrac, edited by Steven Levitsky and María Victoria Murillo, 139–162. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press.
112. Horowitz, D. I. 2002. “Constitutional Design: Proposals Versus Processes.” in The Architecture of Democracy: Constitutional Design, Conflict Management and Democracy, edited by Andrew Reynolds, 15–36. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
113. Huber, John D. 1996. Rationalizing Parliament. Legislative Institutions and Party Politics in France. New York: Cambridge University Press.
114. Hurtado, Osvaldo. 1993. Gobernabildad y Reforma Constitucional. Quito: Corporación Editora Nacional.
115. Hurtado, Osvaldo. 1998. Una Constitución para el Futuro. Quito: Fundación Ecuatoriana de Estudios Sociales.
116. Jackman, Robert. 1985. “Cross-National Statistical Research and the Study of Comparative Politics.” American Journal of Political Science 29(1): 161–182.
117. Jillson, Calvin. 1988. Constitution-Making: Conflict and Consensus in the Federal Convention of 1787. New York: Agathon Press.
118. Jillson, Calvin. and Cecil Eubanks. 1984. “The Political Structure of Constitution-Making: The Federal Convention of 1787.” American Journal of Political Science 28(3): 435–458.
119. Jones, Mark. 1995. Electoral Laws and the Survival of Presidential Democracies. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.
120. Jones, Mark. 1997. “Evaluating Argentina’s Presidential Democracy: 1983–1995.” in Presidentialism and Democracy in Latin America, edited by Scott Mainwaring and Matthew Soberg Shugart, 259–299. New York: Cambridge University Press.
121. Jones, Mark. 1999. “Electoral Laws and the Effective Number of Candidates in Presidential Elections.” Journal of Politics 61(1): 171–184.
122. Jones, Mark. 2002. “Explaining the High Level of Party Discipline in the Argentine Congress.” in Legislative Politics in Latin America, edited by Scott Morgenstern and Benito Nacif, 147–185. New York: Cambridge University Press.
123. Justo López, Mario (h.). 2001. “Predominancia de laUnión Cívica Radical, 1912–1930.” in Entre la Hegemonia y el Pluralismo. Evolucion del Sistema de Partidos Politicos Argentinos, edited by Mario Justo López (h.), 119–176. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Lumiere.
124. Katz, Richard S. 2005. “Why Are There So Many (or So Few) Electoral Reforms?” in The Politics of Electoral Systems, edited by Michael Gallagher and Paul Mitchell, 57–76. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
125. Katznelson, Ira, and Barry Weingast. 2007. “Intersections Between Historical and Rational Choice Institutionalism.” in Preferences and Situations: Points of Intersection Between Historical and Rational Choice Institutionalism, edited by Ira Katznelson and Barry Weingast, 12–24. New York: Cambridge University Press.
126. Kavka, Gregory. 1986. Hobbessian Moral and Political Theory. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
127. Knight, Jack. 1992. Institutions and Social Conflict. New York: Cambridge University Press.
128. Knight, Jack. 1995. “Models, Interpretations and Theories: Constructing Explanations of Institutional Emergence and Change.” in Explaining Social Institutions, edited by Jack Knight and Itaid Sened, 95–120. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
129. “La Nueva Constitución Argentina.” 1994. Revistadel Centro de Estudios Constitucionales 9: 91–164.
130. Laakso, Markku, and Rein Taagepera. 1979. “Effective Number of Parties: A Measure with Application to West Europe.” Comparative Political Studies 12(1): 3–27.
131. Larkins, Christopher. 1998. “The Judiciary and Delegative Democracy in Argentina.” Comparative Politics 30 (4): 423–442.
132. Levinson, Sanford. 1995. “How Many Times Has the United States Constitution Been Amended?” in Responding to Imperfection: The Theory and Practice of Constitutional Amendment, edited by Sanford Levinson, 13–36. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
133. Levitsky, Steven. 2003. “From Labor Politics to Machine Politics: The Transformation of Party-Union Linkages in Argentine Peronism, 1983–1999.” Latin American Research Review 38(3): 3–36.
134. Levitsky, Steven. and Maria Victoria Murillo. 2005. “Building Castles in the Sand? The Politics of Institutional Weakness in Argentina.” in Argentine Democracy: The Politics of Institutional Weakness, edited by Steven Levitsky and Maria Victoria Murillo, 21–44. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press.
135. Levitsky, Steven. 2009. “Variation in Institutional Strength.” Annual Review of Political Science 12: 115–133.
136. Levitsky, Steven, and Lucan A. Way. 2010. Competitive Authoritarianism. Hybrid Regimes After the Cold War. New York: Cambridge University Press.
137. Lijphart, Arend. 1984. Democracies: Patterns of Majoritarian and Consensus Government in Twenty-One Countries. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
138. Lijphart, Arend. 1991. “Constitutional Choices for New Democracies.” Journal of Democracy 2(I): 72–84.
139. Lijphart, Arend. 1992. “Democratization and Constitutional Choices in Czecho-Slovakia, Hungary and Poland 1989–91.” Journal of Theoretical Politics 4(2): 207–223.
140. Lijphart, Arend. 1994. Electoral Systems and Party Systems: A Study of Twenty-Seven Democracies 1945–1990. New York: Oxford University Press.
141. Lijphart, Arend. 1999. Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
142. Little, Walter. 1973a. “Party and State in Peronist Argentina, 1945–1955.” The Hispanic American Historical Review 53(4): 644–662.
143. Little, Walter. 1973b. “Electoral Aspects of Peronism.” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 15(3): 267–284.
144. Long, Scott J., and Jeremy Freese. 2001. Regression Models for Categorical Dependent Variables Using Stata. College Station, TX: Stata Press.
145. Lorenz, Astrid. 2008. Verfassungsänderungen in etablierten Demokratien. Motivlagen und Aushandlungsmuster. Wiesbaden, Germany: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
146. Lugones, Narciso J., Alberto F. Garay, Sergio O. Dugo, and Santiago H. Corcuera. 1992. Leyes de Emergencia, Decretos de Necesidad y Urgencia. Buenos Aires: La Ley.
147. Luna, Félix. 1984. Peróny su Tiempo. Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana.
148. Lutz, Donald. 1995. “Toward a Theory of Constitutional Amendment.” in Responding to Imperfection: The Theory and Practice of Constitutional Amendment, edited by Sanford Levinson, 237–274. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
149. Lutz, Donald. 2006. Principles of Constitutional Design. New York: Cambridge University Press.
150. Madison, James, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. [1788] 1987. The Federalist Papers. New York: Penguin.
151. Mahoney, James. 2000. “Path Dependence in Historical Sociology.” Theory and Society 29(4): 507–548.
152. Mahoney, James. 2010. “After KKV: The New Methodology of Qualitative Research.” World Politics 62(1): 120–147.
153. Mahoney, James. and Kathleen Thelen. 2010. “A Theory of Gradual Institutional Change.” in Explaining Institutional Change. Ambiguity, Agency, and Power, edited by James Mahoney and Kathelen Thelen, 13–37. New York: Cambridge University Press.
154. Mainwaring, Scott. 2006. “State Deficiencies, Party Competition, and Confidence in Democratic Representation in the Andes.” in The Crisis of Democratic Representation in the Andes, edited by Scott Mainwarring, Ana Maria Bejarano, and Eduardo Pizarro, 295–347. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
155. Mainwaring, Scott. and Timothy Scully, eds. 1995. Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems in Latin America. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
156. Mainwaring, Scott. and Matthew S. Shugart, eds. 1997. Presidentialism and Democracy in Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press.
157. Mainwaring, Scott. and Anibal Pérez-Liñán. 2005. “Latin American Democratization since 1978.” in The Third Wave of Democratization in Latin America. Advances and Setbacks, edited by Frances Hagopian and Scott Mainwaring, 14–59. New York: Cambridge University Press.
158. Martinez, Pedro S. 1976. La Nueva Argentina (1946–1955), vol. 2. Buenos Aires: La Bastilla.
159. McGuire, Robert A. 1988. “Constitution Making: A Rational Choice Model of the Federal Convention of 1787.” American Journal of Political Science 32: 483–522.
160. Mejia Acosta, Andrés. 2002. Gobernabilidad Democrática. Quito: Fundación Konrad Adenauer.
161. Mejia Acosta, Andrés. 2009. Informal Coalitions and Policy-Making in Latin America. New York: Routledge.
162. Metcalf, Lee Kendall. 2000. “Measuring Presidential Power.” Comparative Political Studies 33 (5): 661–685.
163. Meulman, J. J, A. J. Van der Kooij, and W. F. Heiser. 2004. “Principal Components Analysis with Nonlinear Optimal Scaling Transformations for Ordinal and Nominal Data.” in The Sage Handbook of Quantitative Methodology for the Social Sciences, edited by David Kaplan, 49–70. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
164. Moe, Terry. 1990. “Political Institutions: The Neglected Side of the Story.” Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 6: 213–254.
165. Moe, Terry. 2005. “Power and Political Institutions.” in Rethinking Political Institutions: The Art of the State, edited by Stephen Skowronek, David Galvin, and Ian Shapiro, 32–71. New York: New York University Press.
166. Molinelli, Guillermo. 1989. Colegios electorales y asambleas legislativas, 1854–1983. Buenos Aires: Paradigma.
167. Molinelli, Guillermo. 1991. Presidentes y congresos en Argentina. Buenos Aires: Grupo Editor Latinoamericano.
168. Molinelli, Guillermo. 1996. “Las Relaciones Presidente-Congreso en Argentina’83–’95.” Postdata 2: 59–90.
169. Valeria Palanza, and Gisela Sin. 1999. Congreso, Presidencia y Justicia en la Argentina. Buenos Aires: CEDI, Fundación Gobierno y Sociedad.
170. Montero, Alfred P., and David J. Samuels, eds. 2004. Decentralization and Democracy in Latin America. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.
171. Morgenstern, Scott. 2004. Patterns of Legislative Politics: Roll Call Voting in the United States and Latin America’s Southern Cone. New York: Cambridge University Press.
172. Mueller, Dennis C. 1996. Constitutional Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press.
173. Mustapic, Ana María. 2002. “Oscillating Relations: President and Congreso in Argentina.” in Legislative Politics in Latin America, edited by Scott Morgenstern and Benito Nacif, 23–48. New York: Cambridge University Press.
174. Nalebuff, Barry, and Avinash Dixit. 1991. Thinking Strategically: The Competitive Edge in Business, Politics, and Everyday Life. New York: W.W. Norton.
175. Negretto, Gabriel L. 1994. El Problema de la Emergencia en el Sistema Constitucional. Buenos Aires: Rodolfo Depalma.
176. Negretto, Gabriel L. 2000. Distributing Power Between Government and Opposition. Three Constitution-Making Processes in Argentina. Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, New York.
177. Negretto, Gabriel L. 2003. “Diseño Constitucional y Separación de Poderes en América Latina,” Revista Mexicana de Sociologia 1: 41–76.
178. Negretto, Gabriel L. 2004a. “Government Capacities and Policy Making by Decree in Latin America: The Cases of Brazil and Argentina.” Comparative Political Studies 37(5): 531–562.
179. Negretto, Gabriel L. 2004b. “Compromising on a Qualified Plurality System.” in The Handbook of Electoral System Choice, edited by Josep Colomer, 110–120. London: Palgrave MacMillan.
180. Negretto, Gabriel L. 2006. “Choosing How to Choose Presidents: Parties, Military Rulers and Presidential Elections in Latin America.” The Journal of Politics 68(2): 421–433.
181. Negretto, Gabriel L. 2007. “Propuesta Para Una Reforma Electoral en Mexico.” Politica y Gobierno XIV (1): 215–227.
182. Negretto, Gabriel L. 2008. The Durability of Constitutions in Changing Environments: A Study on Constitutional Stability in Latin America. Kellogg Institute Working Paper # 350.
183. Negretto, Gabriel L. 2009a. “Political Parties and Institutional Design: Explaining Constitutional Choice in Latin America.” British Journal of Political Science 39(1): 117–139.
184. Negretto, Gabriel L. 2009b. “La Reforma Electoral en América Latina. Entre el Interés Partidario y las Demandas Ciudadanas.” in Reforma del Sistema Electoral Chileno, edited by Arturo Fontaine, Cristian Larroulet, Jorge Navarrete, and Ignacio Walter, 63–103. Santiago de Chile: PNUD.
185. Negretto, Gabriel L. 2009c. “Paradojas de la Reforma Constitucional en América Latina.” Journal of Democracy en Español I(I)38–54.
186. Negretto, Gabriel L. 2011. “Shifting Constitutional Designs in Latin America: A Two-Level Explanation.” Texas Law Review 89(7): 1777–1805.
187. Negretto, Gabriel L. 2012. “Replacing and Amending Constitutions. The Logic of Constitutional Change in Latin America.” Law & Society Review 46 (4): 749–779.
188. Negretto, Gabriel L. and José Antonio Aguilar-Rivera. 2000. “Rethinking the Legacy of the Liberal State in Latin America: The Cases of Argentina (1853–1912) and Mexico (1857–1910).” Journal of Latin American Studies 32: 361–397.
189. Nielson, Daniel, and Matthew S. Shugart. 1999. “Constitutional Change in Colombia: Policy Adjustment Through Institutional Reform.” Comparative Political Studies 32(3): 313–441.
190. Nino, Carlos. 1992a. “Ideas and Attempts at Reforming the Presidentialist System of Government in Latin America.” in Parliamentary Versus Presidential Government, edited by Arend Lijphart, 128–132. New York: Oxford University Press.
191. Nino, Carlos. 1992b. Fundamentos de Derecho Constitucional. Buenos Aires: Astrea.
192. Nino, Carlos. 1994. “Reforma Menemista: Signo de Degradación de la Democracia.” Ciudad Futura 38 (Suppl. 12).
193. Noboa, Ricardo. 1999. En Busca de una Esperanza. Analisis de la Constituyente de 1998. Guayaquil, Ecuador: Edino.
194. Nohlen, Dieter, ed. 1993. Enciclopedia Electoral Latinoamericana y del Caribe. San José, Costa Rica: Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos.
195. Nohlen, Dieter, 1994. Sistemas Electorales y Partidos Políticos. Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
196. Nohlen, Dieter, ed. 2005. Electionsin the Americas. New York: Oxford University Press.
197. Nohlen, Dieter, and Barry Weingast. 1989. “Constitutions and Commitment: The Evolution of Institutions Governing Public Choice in Seventeenth-Century Britain.” Journal of Economic History 49(4): 803–832.
198. O’Neill, Kathleen. 2005. Decentralizing the State: Elections, Parties, and Local Power in the Andes. New York: Cambridge University Press.
199. Pachano, Simón. 2004. “El Tejido de Penélope: Reforma Política en Ecuador.” in Reformas Políticas en América Latina, edited by Wilheim Hofmeister, 207–242. Rio de Janeiro: Fundación Konrad Adenauer.
200. Pachón Buitrago, Monica. 2004. “Congreso y Partidos Politicos en Colombia: Una mirada a las instituciones.” in Fortalezas de Colombia, edited by Fernando Cepeda Ullóa, 87–104. Bogota: Ulloa Editorial.
201. Pachano Ordóñez, Fernando. 2001. La Reforma Constitucional Ecuatoriana de 1998: Un Analisis desde la Perspectiva de la Gobernabilidad, Estudio de Caso No 60. Santiago: Universidad de Ciencias Fisicas y Matematicas.
202. Padilla, Alejandro Jorge. 1986. “Proyectos y Reformas a la Constitución Nacional: Apuntes Sobre el Periodo 1930–1983.” Criterio 1975: 577–590.
203. Palacios, Alfredo. 1947. La Corte Suprema ante el Tribunal del Senado. Buenos Aires: JUS.
204. Palermo, Vicente, and Marcos Novaro. 1996. Política y Poder en el Gobierno de Menem. Buenos Aires: Norma.
205. Payne, Mark J., Daniel Zovatto G., Fernando Carillo Flórez, and Andrés Allamand Zavala. 2002. Democracies in Development. Politics and Reform in Latin America. Washington DC: Inter-American Development Bank.
206. Pedersen, Mogens N. 1979. “The Dynamics of European Party Systems: Changing Patterns of Electoral Volatility.” European Journal of Political Research 7(1): 1–26.
207. Perdomo, Jaime Vidal. 1970. Historia de la Reforma Constitucional de 1968 y sus Alcances Juridicos. Bogota: Universidad del Externado de Colombia.
208. Pérez-Liñán, Anibal. 2006. “Evaluating Presidential Runoff Elections.” Electoral Studies 25 (1): 129–146.
209. Pérez-Liñán, Anibal. 2007. Presidential Impeachment and the New Political Instability in Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press.
210. Pérez Toro, and William Fredy. 1999. “El Sistema Penal y la Emergencia en Colombia.” Scripta Nova (Online journal, Universidad de Barcelona), No. 45 (24), http://www.ub.edu/geocrit/sn-45–24.htm
211. Pierson, Paul. 2000. “The Limits of Design: Explaining Institutional Origins and Change.” Governance: An International Journal of Policy and Administration 13 (4): 475–499.
212. Pierson, Paul. 2004. Politics in Time. History, Institutions, and Social Analysis. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
213. Pizarro Leongomez, Eduardo. 2002. “Giants with Feet of Clay: Political Parties in Colombia.” in The Crisis of Democratic Representation in the Andes, edited by Scott Mainwaring, Ana Marìa Bejarano, and Eduardo Pizarro Leongómez, 78–99. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
214. Pozas-Loyo, Andrea, and Julio Ríos-Figueroa. 2010. “Enacting Constitutionalism. The Origins of Independent Judicial Institutions in Latin America.” Comparative Politics 42(3): 293–311.
215. Powell, G. Bingham, Jr. 2000. Elections as Instruments of Democracy: Majoritarian and Proportional Visions. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
216. Proyecto CORDES-Gobernabilidad. 1999. Informe Final. La Ruta de la Gobernabilidad. Quito: Corporaciòn de Estudios para el Desarrollo.
217. Przeworski, Adam. 1991. Democracy and the Market. New York: Cambridge University Press.
218. Przeworski, Adam. 2004. “Institutions Matter?” Government and Opposition 39(4): 527–540.
219. Michael E. Alvarez, Jose Antonio Cheibub, and Fernando Limongi. 2000. Democracy and Development. Political Institutions and Well-Being in the World, 1950–1990. New York: Cambridge University Press.
220. Rasch, Bjorn Erik, and Roger D. Congleton. 2006. “Amendment Procedures and Constitutional Stability.” in Democratic Constitutional Design and Public Policy. Analysis and Evidence, edited by Roger D. Congleton and Birgitta Swedenborg, 319–342. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
221. Rawls, John. 1971. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
222. Remington, Thomas, and Steven Smith. 1996. “Political Goals, Institutional Context, and the Choice of an Electoral System: The Russian Parliamentary Election Law.” American Journal of Political Science 40(4): 1253–1279.
223. Remmer, Karen. 2008. “The Politics of Institutional Change: Electoral Reform in Latin America, 1978–2002.” Party Politics 14(1): 5–30.
224. Restrepo Piedrahita, Carlos. 1973. Las Facultades Extraordinarias. Pequeña Historia deuna Transfiguración. Bogota: Universidad Externado de Colombia.
225. Riker, William. 1980. “Implications from the Disequilibrium of Majority Rule for the Study of Institutions.” American Political Science Review 74(2): 432–446.
226. Riker, William. 1986. “Duverger’s Law Revisited.” in Electoral Laws and Their Political Consequences, edited by Bernard Grofman and Arend Lijphart, 19–42. New York: Agathon Press.
227. Rios-Figueroa, Julio. 2011. “Institutions for Constitutional Justice in Latin America.” in Courts in Latin America, edited by Gretchen Helmke and Julio Rios-Figueroa, 27–54. New York: Cambridge University Press.
228. Rock, David. 1987. Argentina 1516–1987: From Spanish Colonization to Alfonsin. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
229. Rokkan, Stein. 1970. Citizens, Elections, Parties: Approaches to the Comparative Study of the Process of Development. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
230. Roland, Gerard, and Juan Gonzalo Zapata. 2005. “Colombia’s Electoral and Party System: Paths of Reform.” in Institutional Reforms. The Case of Colombia, edited by Alberto Alesina, 103–130. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
231. Salgado, Hernán, ed. 1986. Las Reformas Constitucionalesde 1986. Quito: Jurispuce.
232. Sampay, Arturo E. 1975. Las Constituciones de la Argentina (1810–1972). Buenos Aires: EUDEBA.
233. Sanchez de Parga, José. 1998. La Pugna de Poderes. Análisis Crítico del Sistema Político Ecuatoriano. Quito: Abya-Yala.
234. Sarabia Better, Arturo. 2003. Reformas Políticas en Colombia: Del Plebiscito de 1957 al Referendo de 2003. Bogotá: Grupo Editorial Norma.
235. Schelling, Thomas. 1960. The Strategy of Conflict. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
236. Serrafero, Mario Daniel. 1993a. “El Congreso de la Nación Argentina y los Proyectos de Reforma Constitucional.” Revista Española de Derecho Constitucional 13(37): 127–141.
237. Serrafero, Mario Daniel. 1993b. Momentos Institucionales y Modelos Constitucionales. Buenos Aires: Centro Editor de América Latina.
238. Serrafero, Mario Daniel. 2005. Exceptocracia: ¿Confín de la Democracia? Intervención Federal, Estado de Sitio y Decretos de Necesidad y Urgencia. Buenos Aires: Editorial Lumiere.
239. Shepsle, Kenneth. 1989. “Studying Institutions: Some Lessons from the Rational Choice Approach.” Journal of Theoretical Politics 1(2): 131–147.
240. Shugart, Matthew Soberg. 1995. “The Electoral Cycle and Institutional Sources of Divided Government.” American Political Science Review 89(2): 327–343.
241. Shugart, Matthew Soberg. 1998. “The Inverse Relationship Between Party Strength and Executive Strength: A Theory of Politicians’ Constitutional Choices.” British Journal of Political Science 28(1): 1–29.
242. Shugart, Matthew Soberg. 1999. “Presidentialism, Parliamentarism and the Provision of Collective Goods in Less-Developed Countries,” Constitutional Political Economy, 10 (1): 53–88.
243. Shugart, Matthew Soberg. 2005. “Comparative Electoral Systems Research: The Maturation of the Field and New Challenges Ahead.” in The Politics of Electoral Systems, edited by Michael Gallagher and Paul Mitchell, 24–55. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
244. Shugart, Matthew Soberg. “spectiva Comparada.” Politica y Gobierno XIV(1): 200–215.
245. Shugart, Matthew Soberg. and John M. Carey. 1992. President and Assemblies: Constitutional Design and Electoral Dynamics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
246. Shugart, Matthew Soberg. and John M. Carey. 1995. “Incentives to Cultivate a Personal Vote: A Rank Ordering of Electoral Formulas.” Electoral Studies 14(4): 417–439.
247. Shugart, Matthew Soberg. and Stephen Haggard. 2001. “Institutions and Public Policy in Presidential Systems.” in Presidents, Parliaments, and Policy, edited by Stephan Haggard and Mathew McCubbins, 64–104. New York: Cambridge University Press.
248. Erika Moreno, and Luis E. Fajardo. 2006. “Deepening Democracy Through Renovating Political Practices: The Struggle for Electoral Reform in Colombia.” in Peace, Democracy, and Human Rights in Colombia, edited by Christopher Welna and Gustavo Gallon, 202–265. Notre Dame, IN: Notre Dame University Press.
249. Erika Moreno, and Rein Taagepera. 1994. “Plurality versus Majority Election of Presidents. A Proposal for a ‘Double Complement Rule.’” Comparative Political Studies 27(3): 23–48.
250. Erika Moreno, and Martin P. Wattenberg, eds. 2001. Mixed-Member Electoral Systems: The Best of Both Worlds?Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
251. Shvetsova, Olga. 2003. “Endogenous Selection of Institutions and Their Exogenous Effects.” Constitutional Political Economy 14(3): 191–212.
252. Smith, Peter. 1978. “The Breakdown of Democracy in Argentina.” in The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes, edited by Juan Linz and Alfred Stepan, 3–27. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.
253. Smith, Peter. 2005. Democracy in Latin America. Political Change in Comparative Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press.
254. Smith, Steven, and Thomas Remington. 2001. The Politics of Institutional Choice. The Formation of the Russian State Duma. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
255. Stokes, Donald. 1963. “Spatial Models and Party Competition.” American Political Science Review 57: 368–377.
256. Stokes, Susan. 2001. Mandates and Democracy. Neoliberalism by Surprise in Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press.
257. Stokes, William S. 1945. “Parliamentary Government in Latin America.” American Political Science Review 39(3): 522–536.
258. Thelen, Kathleen. 2003. “How Institutions Evolve: Insights from Comparative Historical Analysis.” in Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences, edited by James Mahoney and Dietrich Rueschmeyer, 208–240. New York: Cambridge University Press.
259. Tomz, Michael, Jason Wittenberg, and Gary King. 2003. Clarify: Software for Interpreting and Presenting Statistical Results. Version 2.1, Jan. 5, 2003. http://gking.harvard.edu/clarify
260. Tsebelis, George. 1990. Nested Games. Berkeley: University of California Press.
261. Tsebelis, George. 1995. “Decision Making in Political Systems: Veto Players in Presidentialism, Parliamentarism, Multicameralism, and Multipartysm.” British Journal of Political Science 25 (3): 289–325.
262. Tsebelis, George. 2002. Veto Players: How Political Institutions Work. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
263. Ungar, Elisabeth. 1993. “La Reforma al Congreso: ¿Realidad o Utopía?” in La Constitución de 1991: ¿Un Pacto Político Viable? edited by John Dugas, 162–190. Bogota: Universidad de los Andes, Departamento de Ciencia Política.
264. Uprimny, Rodrigo. 2004. “The Constitutional Court and Control of Presidential Extraordinary Powers in Colombia.” in Democratization and the Judiciary: The Accountability Function of Courts in New Democracies, edited by Siri Gloppen, Roberto Gargarella, and Elin Skaar, 46–69. London: Frank Cass.
265. Vanberg, Victor, and James Buchanan. 1989. “Interests and Theories in Constitutional Choice.” Journal of Theoretical Politics 1 (1): 49–62.
266. Vázquez Carrisoza, Alfredo. 1979. El Poder Presidencial en Colombia. La Crisis Permanente del Derecho Constitucional. Bogota: Dobry.
267. Vera, Alfredo. 1999. Larga Crónica de la Constituyente por Dentro. Quito: Abya-Yala.
268. Verbitsky, Horacio. 1993. Hacer la Corte. Buenos Aires: Planeta.
269. Vidal Armando. 1995. El Congreso en la Trampa. Buenos Aires: Planeta.
270. Weber, Max. 1978. Economy and Society. Berkeley: University of California Press.
271. Weingast, Barry. 1995. “The Economic Role of Political Institutions: Market-Preserving Federalism and Economic Development.” Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization 20(1): 1–31.
272. Weingast, Barry. 1997. “The Political Foundations of Democracy and the Rule of Law.” American Political Science Review 91 (2): 245–263.
273. Weyland, Kurt. 2009. “Institutional Change in Latin America: External Models and Their Unintended Consequences.” Journal of Politics in Latin America 1 (1): 37–66.
274. Wills-Otero, Laura. 2009. “Electoral Systems in Latin America: Explaining the Adoption of Proportional Representation Systems during the Twentieth Century.” Latin American Politics and Society 51(3): 33–58.
275. Wills-Otero, Laura. and Anibal Pérez-Liñán. 2005. “La Evolución de los Sistemas Electorales en América.” University of Pittsburg, Colección 16: 47–82.
276. Weldon, Jeffrey. 1997. “Political Sources of Presidencialismo in Mexico.” in Presidentialism and Democracy in Latin America, edited by Scott Mainwaring and Matthew Shugart, 225–258. New York: Cambridge University Press.
277. Zovatto, Daniel, and Jesus Orozco Henriquez, eds. 2008. Reforma Politicay Electoral en América Latina, 1978–2007. Mexico City: UNAM.