메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 103, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 153-164

Earthworm invasion, white-tailed deer and seedling establishment in deciduous forests of north-eastern North America

Author keywords

Conservation; Deciduous forests; Indirect effects; Invasion ecology; Invasive species; Multiple stressors; Plant soil below ground interactions; Seedling establishment

Indexed keywords

CERVIDAE; GERANIUM MACULATUM; HEXAPODA; ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS; PERSICARIA VIRGINIANA; RODENTIA;

EID: 84921920803     PISSN: 00220477     EISSN: 13652745     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.12350     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (59)

References (101)
  • 1
    • 57449086874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution and impacts of invasive earthworms in Canadian forest ecosystems
    • Addison, J.A. (2009) Distribution and impacts of invasive earthworms in Canadian forest ecosystems. Biological Invasions, 11, 59-79.
    • (2009) Biological Invasions , vol.11 , pp. 59-79
    • Addison, J.A.1
  • 3
    • 33646246174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing the distribution and abundance of earthworm communities in pure and converted Scots pine stands
    • Ammer, S., Weber, K., Abs, C., Ammer, C. & Prietzel, J. (2006) Factors influencing the distribution and abundance of earthworm communities in pure and converted Scots pine stands. Applied Soil Ecology, 33, 10-21.
    • (2006) Applied Soil Ecology , vol.33 , pp. 10-21
    • Ammer, S.1    Weber, K.2    Abs, C.3    Ammer, C.4    Prietzel, J.5
  • 4
    • 0028180761 scopus 로고
    • Height of white-flowered Trillium (Trillium grandiflorum) as an index of deer browsing intensity
    • Anderson, R.C. (1994) Height of white-flowered Trillium (Trillium grandiflorum) as an index of deer browsing intensity. Ecological Applications, 4, 104-109.
    • (1994) Ecological Applications , vol.4 , pp. 104-109
    • Anderson, R.C.1
  • 5
    • 0348167917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining deer overabundance and threats to forest communities: from individual plants to landscape structure
    • Augustine, D.J. & DeCalesta, D. (2003) Defining deer overabundance and threats to forest communities: from individual plants to landscape structure. Ecoscience, 10, 472-486.
    • (2003) Ecoscience , vol.10 , pp. 472-486
    • Augustine, D.J.1    DeCalesta, D.2
  • 6
    • 0242308319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herbivore-mediated linkages between aboveground and belowground communities
    • Bardgett, R.D. & Wardle, D.A. (2003) Herbivore-mediated linkages between aboveground and belowground communities. Ecology, 84, 2258-2268.
    • (2003) Ecology , vol.84 , pp. 2258-2268
    • Bardgett, R.D.1    Wardle, D.A.2
  • 8
    • 0024928231 scopus 로고
    • Studies on mycorrhizal associations in Harvard Forest, Massachusetts
    • Berliner, R. & Torrey, J. (1989) Studies on mycorrhizal associations in Harvard Forest, Massachusetts. Canadian Journal of Botany, 67, 2245-2251.
    • (1989) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.67 , pp. 2245-2251
    • Berliner, R.1    Torrey, J.2
  • 9
    • 0034797541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential impact of the New Zealand flatworm, a predator of earthworms, in western Europe
    • Boag, B. & Yeates, G. (2001) The potential impact of the New Zealand flatworm, a predator of earthworms, in western Europe. Ecological Applications, 11, 1276-1286.
    • (2001) Ecological Applications , vol.11 , pp. 1276-1286
    • Boag, B.1    Yeates, G.2
  • 10
    • 1642370769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem consequences of exotic earthworm invasion of north temperate forests
    • Bohlen, P., Groffman, P., Fahey, T., Fisk, M., Suarez, E., Pelletier, D. et al. (2004a) Ecosystem consequences of exotic earthworm invasion of north temperate forests. Ecosystems, 7, 1-12.
    • (2004) Ecosystems , vol.7 , pp. 1-12
    • Bohlen, P.1    Groffman, P.2    Fahey, T.3    Fisk, M.4    Suarez, E.5    Pelletier, D.6
  • 11
    • 1642263403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of earthworm invasion on redistribution and retention of soil carbon and nitrogen in northern temperate forests
    • Bohlen, P., Pelletier, D., Groffman, P., Fahey, T. & Fisk, M. (2004b) Influence of earthworm invasion on redistribution and retention of soil carbon and nitrogen in northern temperate forests. Ecosystems, 7, 13-27.
    • (2004) Ecosystems , vol.7 , pp. 13-27
    • Bohlen, P.1    Pelletier, D.2    Groffman, P.3    Fahey, T.4    Fisk, M.5
  • 13
    • 84867743458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond the browse line: complex cascade effects mediated by white-tailed deer
    • Bressette, J.W., Beck, H. & Beauchamp, V.B. (2012) Beyond the browse line: complex cascade effects mediated by white-tailed deer. Oikos, 121, 1749-1760.
    • (2012) Oikos , vol.121 , pp. 1749-1760
    • Bressette, J.W.1    Beck, H.2    Beauchamp, V.B.3
  • 14
    • 0024197945 scopus 로고
    • The mycorrhizal status, root anatomy, and phenology of plants in a sugar maple forest
    • Brundrett, M.C. & Kendrick, B. (1988) The mycorrhizal status, root anatomy, and phenology of plants in a sugar maple forest. Canadian Journal of Botany, 66, 1153-1173.
    • (1988) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.66 , pp. 1153-1173
    • Brundrett, M.C.1    Kendrick, B.2
  • 15
    • 79955533941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the effects of deer grazing on two woodland rodents, bankvoles and woodmice
    • Buesching, C.D., Newman, C., Jones, J.T. & Macdonald, D.W. (2011) Testing the effects of deer grazing on two woodland rodents, bankvoles and woodmice. Basic and Applied Ecology, 12, 207-214.
    • (2011) Basic and Applied Ecology , vol.12 , pp. 207-214
    • Buesching, C.D.1    Newman, C.2    Jones, J.T.3    Macdonald, D.W.4
  • 17
    • 0000211018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of exotic earthworm invasion on soil organic matter, microbial biomass and denitrification potential in forest soils of the northeastern United States
    • Burtelow, A., Bohlen, P. & Groffman, P. (1998) Influence of exotic earthworm invasion on soil organic matter, microbial biomass and denitrification potential in forest soils of the northeastern United States. Applied Soil Ecology, 9, 197-202.
    • (1998) Applied Soil Ecology , vol.9 , pp. 197-202
    • Burtelow, A.1    Bohlen, P.2    Groffman, P.3
  • 18
    • 0028161096 scopus 로고
    • Effect of white-tailed deer on songbirds within managed forests in Pennsylvania
    • deCalesta, D.S. (1994) Effect of white-tailed deer on songbirds within managed forests in Pennsylvania. Wildlife Management, 58, 711-718.
    • (1994) Wildlife Management , vol.58 , pp. 711-718
    • deCalesta, D.S.1
  • 19
    • 68949151821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exotic earthworms of great lakes forests: a search for indicator plant species in maple forests
    • Corio, K., Wolf, A., Draney, M. & Fewless, G. (2009) Exotic earthworms of great lakes forests: a search for indicator plant species in maple forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 258, 1059-1066.
    • (2009) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.258 , pp. 1059-1066
    • Corio, K.1    Wolf, A.2    Draney, M.3    Fewless, G.4
  • 21
    • 55649090564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying the evidence for ecological synergies
    • Darling, E.S. & Côté, I.M. (2008) Quantifying the evidence for ecological synergies. Ecology Letters, 11, 1278-1286.
    • (2008) Ecology Letters , vol.11 , pp. 1278-1286
    • Darling, E.S.1    Côté, I.M.2
  • 22
    • 84889014588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unexpected earthworm effects on forest understory plants
    • Dávalos, A., Nuzzo, V., Stark, J. & Blossey, B. (2013) Unexpected earthworm effects on forest understory plants. BMC Ecology, 13, 48.
    • (2013) BMC Ecology , vol.13 , pp. 48
    • Dávalos, A.1    Nuzzo, V.2    Stark, J.3    Blossey, B.4
  • 27
    • 84921918824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earthworm invasion, white-tailed deer and seedling establishment in deciduous forests of northeastern North America
    • Data from: ., doi:10.5061/dryad.042nm.
    • Dobson, A. & Blossey, B. (2014) Data from: Earthworm invasion, white-tailed deer and seedling establishment in deciduous forests of northeastern North America. Dryad Digital Repository, doi:10.5061/dryad.042nm.
    • (2014) Dryad Digital Repository
    • Dobson, A.1    Blossey, B.2
  • 28
  • 29
    • 33847369878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasion of a deciduous forest by earthworms: changes in soil chemistry, microflora, microarthropods and vegetation
    • Eisenhauer, N., Partsch, S., Parkinson, D. & Scheu, S. (2007) Invasion of a deciduous forest by earthworms: changes in soil chemistry, microflora, microarthropods and vegetation. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 39, 1099-1110.
    • (2007) Soil Biology & Biochemistry , vol.39 , pp. 1099-1110
    • Eisenhauer, N.1    Partsch, S.2    Parkinson, D.3    Scheu, S.4
  • 30
    • 70349664420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exotic ecosystem engineers change the emergence of plants from the seed bank of a deciduous forest
    • Eisenhauer, N., Straube, D., Johnson, E., Parkinson, D. & Scheu, S. (2009) Exotic ecosystem engineers change the emergence of plants from the seed bank of a deciduous forest. Ecosystems, 12, 1008-1016.
    • (2009) Ecosystems , vol.12 , pp. 1008-1016
    • Eisenhauer, N.1    Straube, D.2    Johnson, E.3    Parkinson, D.4    Scheu, S.5
  • 31
    • 66149144336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the relative importance of disturbance, herbivory, diversity, and propagule pressure in exotic plant invasion
    • Eschtruth, A.K. & Battles, J.J. (2009) Assessing the relative importance of disturbance, herbivory, diversity, and propagule pressure in exotic plant invasion. Ecological Monographs, 79, 265-280.
    • (2009) Ecological Monographs , vol.79 , pp. 265-280
    • Eschtruth, A.K.1    Battles, J.J.2
  • 32
    • 79953770432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What to do in the face of multiple threats? Incorporating dependencies within a return on investment framework for conservation
    • Evans, M.C., Possingham, H.P. & Wilson, K.A. (2011) What to do in the face of multiple threats? Incorporating dependencies within a return on investment framework for conservation. Diversity and Distributions, 17, 437-450.
    • (2011) Diversity and Distributions , vol.17 , pp. 437-450
    • Evans, M.C.1    Possingham, H.P.2    Wilson, K.A.3
  • 33
    • 84872666863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate and interrelated tree regeneration drivers in mixed temperate-boreal forests
    • Fisichelli, N., Frelich, L. & Reich, P. (2013) Climate and interrelated tree regeneration drivers in mixed temperate-boreal forests. Landscape Ecology, 28, 149-159.
    • (2013) Landscape Ecology , vol.28 , pp. 149-159
    • Fisichelli, N.1    Frelich, L.2    Reich, P.3
  • 34
    • 84876028388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking direct and indirect pathways mediating earthworms, deer, and understory composition in Great Lakes forests
    • Fisichelli, N., Frelich, L., Reich, P. & Eisenhauer, N. (2013) Linking direct and indirect pathways mediating earthworms, deer, and understory composition in Great Lakes forests. Biological Invasions, 15, 1057-1066.
    • (2013) Biological Invasions , vol.15 , pp. 1057-1066
    • Fisichelli, N.1    Frelich, L.2    Reich, P.3    Eisenhauer, N.4
  • 35
    • 1642401500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earthworm invasion, fine-root distributions, and soil respiration in North temperate forests
    • Fisk, M., Fahey, T., Groffman, P. & Bohlen, P. (2004) Earthworm invasion, fine-root distributions, and soil respiration in North temperate forests. Ecosystems, 7, 55-62.
    • (2004) Ecosystems , vol.7 , pp. 55-62
    • Fisk, M.1    Fahey, T.2    Groffman, P.3    Bohlen, P.4
  • 39
    • 84865746507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of invasive Asian (Amynthas hilgendorfi) and European (Lumbricus rubellus) earthworms in a North American temperate deciduous forest
    • Greiner, H.G., Kashian, D.R. & Tiegs, S.D. (2012) Impacts of invasive Asian (Amynthas hilgendorfi) and European (Lumbricus rubellus) earthworms in a North American temperate deciduous forest. Biological Invasions, 14, 2017-2027.
    • (2012) Biological Invasions , vol.14 , pp. 2017-2027
    • Greiner, H.G.1    Kashian, D.R.2    Tiegs, S.D.3
  • 40
    • 1642322069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exotic earthworm invasion and microbial biomass in temperate forest soils
    • Groffman, P., Bohlen, P., Fisk, M. & Fahey, T. (2004) Exotic earthworm invasion and microbial biomass in temperate forest soils. Ecosystems, 7, 45-54.
    • (2004) Ecosystems , vol.7 , pp. 45-54
    • Groffman, P.1    Bohlen, P.2    Fisk, M.3    Fahey, T.4
  • 41
    • 0036901124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of exotic earthworms on the soil organic horizon and the rare fern Botrychium mormo
    • Gundale, M.J. (2002) Influence of exotic earthworms on the soil organic horizon and the rare fern Botrychium mormo. Conservation Biology, 16, 1555-1561.
    • (2002) Conservation Biology , vol.16 , pp. 1555-1561
    • Gundale, M.J.1
  • 42
    • 27944449163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility of a northern hardwood forest to exotic earthworm invasion
    • Gundale, M., Jolly, W. & Deluca, T. (2005) Susceptibility of a northern hardwood forest to exotic earthworm invasion. Conservation Biology, 19, 1075-1083.
    • (2005) Conservation Biology , vol.19 , pp. 1075-1083
    • Gundale, M.1    Jolly, W.2    Deluca, T.3
  • 44
    • 33746487881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in hardwood forest understory plant communities in response to European earthworm invasions
    • Hale, C.M., Frelich, L.E. & Reich, P.B. (2006) Changes in hardwood forest understory plant communities in response to European earthworm invasions. Ecology, 87, 1637-1649.
    • (2006) Ecology , vol.87 , pp. 1637-1649
    • Hale, C.M.1    Frelich, L.E.2    Reich, P.B.3
  • 45
    • 41149152522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exotic earthworm effects on hardwood forest floor, nutrient availability and native plants: a mesocosm study
    • Hale, C.M., Frelich, L.E., Reich, P.B. & Pastor, J. (2008) Exotic earthworm effects on hardwood forest floor, nutrient availability and native plants: a mesocosm study. Oecologia, 155, 509-518.
    • (2008) Oecologia , vol.155 , pp. 509-518
    • Hale, C.M.1    Frelich, L.E.2    Reich, P.B.3    Pastor, J.4
  • 46
    • 84899738556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing tree composition by life history strategy in a grassland-forest landscape
    • Hanberry, B.B., Kabrick, J.M. & He, H.S. (2014) Changing tree composition by life history strategy in a grassland-forest landscape. Ecosphere, 5, 34.
    • (2014) Ecosphere , vol.5 , pp. 34
    • Hanberry, B.B.1    Kabrick, J.M.2    He, H.S.3
  • 47
    • 77949281655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonconsumptive effects of a generalist ungulate herbivore drive decline of unpalatable forest herbs
    • Heckel, C.D., Bourg, N.A., McShea, W.J. & Kalisz, S. (2010) Nonconsumptive effects of a generalist ungulate herbivore drive decline of unpalatable forest herbs. Ecology, 91, 319-326.
    • (2010) Ecology , vol.91 , pp. 319-326
    • Heckel, C.D.1    Bourg, N.A.2    McShea, W.J.3    Kalisz, S.4
  • 48
    • 33845222073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions of an introduced shrub and introduced earthworms in an Illinois urban woodland: impact on leaf litter decomposition
    • Heneghan, L., Steffen, J. & Fagen, K. (2006) Interactions of an introduced shrub and introduced earthworms in an Illinois urban woodland: impact on leaf litter decomposition. Pedobiologia, 50, 543-551.
    • (2006) Pedobiologia , vol.50 , pp. 543-551
    • Heneghan, L.1    Steffen, J.2    Fagen, K.3
  • 49
    • 84891942103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerald ash borer invasion of North America: history, biology, ecology, impacts, and management
    • Herms, D.A. & McCullough, D.G. (2014) Emerald ash borer invasion of North America: history, biology, ecology, impacts, and management. Annual Review of Entomology, 59, 13-30.
    • (2014) Annual Review of Entomology , vol.59 , pp. 13-30
    • Herms, D.A.1    McCullough, D.G.2
  • 50
    • 34447542622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of earthworm invasion on plant species richness in northern hardwood forests
    • Holdsworth, A.R., Frelich, L.E. & Reich, P.B. (2007) Effects of earthworm invasion on plant species richness in northern hardwood forests. Conservation Biology, 21, 997-1008.
    • (2007) Conservation Biology , vol.21 , pp. 997-1008
    • Holdsworth, A.R.1    Frelich, L.E.2    Reich, P.B.3
  • 51
    • 0038458305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White-tailed deer impact on the vegetation dynamics of a northern hardwood forest
    • Horsley, S.B., Stout, S.L. & deCalesta, D.S. (2003) White-tailed deer impact on the vegetation dynamics of a northern hardwood forest. Ecological Applications, 13, 98-118.
    • (2003) Ecological Applications , vol.13 , pp. 98-118
    • Horsley, S.B.1    Stout, S.L.2    deCalesta, D.S.3
  • 52
    • 0002530509 scopus 로고
    • Systematics, biogeography, and ecology of nearctic earthworms from eastern, central, southern and southwestern United States
    • ed. P.F. Hendrix) -. Lewis Publishers, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
    • James, S. (1995) Systematics, biogeography, and ecology of nearctic earthworms from eastern, central, southern and southwestern United States. Earthworm Ecology and Biogeography in North America (ed. P.F. Hendrix ), pp. 29-52. Lewis Publishers, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
    • (1995) Earthworm Ecology and Biogeography in North America , pp. 29-52
    • James, S.1
  • 53
    • 80053972512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Over-browsing in Pennsylvania creates a depauperate forest dominated by an understory tree: results from a 60-year-old deer exclosure
    • Kain, M., Battaglia, L., Royo, A. & Carson, W.P. (2011) Over-browsing in Pennsylvania creates a depauperate forest dominated by an understory tree: results from a 60-year-old deer exclosure. Torrey Botanical Society, 138, 322-326.
    • (2011) Torrey Botanical Society , vol.138 , pp. 322-326
    • Kain, M.1    Battaglia, L.2    Royo, A.3    Carson, W.P.4
  • 54
    • 84896942815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In a long-term experimental demography study, excluding ungulates reversed invader's explosive population growth rate and restored natives
    • Kalisz, S., Spigler, R.B. & Horvitz, C.C. (2014) In a long-term experimental demography study, excluding ungulates reversed invader's explosive population growth rate and restored natives. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111, 4501-4506.
    • (2014) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol.111 , pp. 4501-4506
    • Kalisz, S.1    Spigler, R.B.2    Horvitz, C.C.3
  • 56
    • 5344220630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of herbivory and pollen limitation on a declining population of Trillium grandiflorum
    • Knight, T.M. (2004) The effects of herbivory and pollen limitation on a declining population of Trillium grandiflorum. Ecological Applications, 14, 915-928.
    • (2004) Ecological Applications , vol.14 , pp. 915-928
    • Knight, T.M.1
  • 57
    • 4444379923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of harvesting and deer browsing on attributes of understory plants in northern hardwood forests, Upper Michigan, USA
    • Kraft, L.S., Crow, T.R., Buckley, D.S., Nauertz, E.A. & Zasada, J.C. (2004) Effects of harvesting and deer browsing on attributes of understory plants in northern hardwood forests, Upper Michigan, USA. Forest Ecology and Management, 199, 219-230.
    • (2004) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.199 , pp. 219-230
    • Kraft, L.S.1    Crow, T.R.2    Buckley, D.S.3    Nauertz, E.A.4    Zasada, J.C.5
  • 58
    • 0036230479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A test of the 'hot' mustard extraction method of sampling earthworms
    • Lawrence, A.P. & Bowers, M.A. (2002) A test of the 'hot' mustard extraction method of sampling earthworms. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 34, 549-552.
    • (2002) Soil Biology and Biochemistry , vol.34 , pp. 549-552
    • Lawrence, A.P.1    Bowers, M.A.2
  • 59
    • 0037245407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of nonnative earthworms on mycorrhizal colonization of sugar maple (Acer saccharum)
    • Lawrence, B., Fisk, M., Fahey, T. & Suarez, E. (2003) Influence of nonnative earthworms on mycorrhizal colonization of sugar maple (Acer saccharum). New Phytologist, 157, 145-153.
    • (2003) New Phytologist , vol.157 , pp. 145-153
    • Lawrence, B.1    Fisk, M.2    Fahey, T.3    Suarez, E.4
  • 61
    • 84862197929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nesting density of hermit thrushes in a remnant invasive earthworm-free portion of a Wisconsin hardwood forest
    • Loss, S.R. (2012) Nesting density of hermit thrushes in a remnant invasive earthworm-free portion of a Wisconsin hardwood forest. Wilson Journal of Ornithology, 124, 375-379.
    • (2012) Wilson Journal of Ornithology , vol.124 , pp. 375-379
    • Loss, S.R.1
  • 62
    • 80052574165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced density and nest survival of ground-nesting songbirds relative to earthworm invasions in northern hardwood forests
    • Loss, S.R. & Blair, R.B. (2011) Reduced density and nest survival of ground-nesting songbirds relative to earthworm invasions in northern hardwood forests. Conservation Biology, 25, 983-992.
    • (2011) Conservation Biology , vol.25 , pp. 983-992
    • Loss, S.R.1    Blair, R.B.2
  • 63
    • 84859876310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasions of non-native earthworms related to population declines of ground-nesting songbirds across a regional extent in northern hardwood forests of North America
    • Loss, S.R., Niemi, G.J. & Blair, R.B. (2012) Invasions of non-native earthworms related to population declines of ground-nesting songbirds across a regional extent in northern hardwood forests of North America. Landscape Ecology, 27, 683-696.
    • (2012) Landscape Ecology , vol.27 , pp. 683-696
    • Loss, S.R.1    Niemi, G.J.2    Blair, R.B.3
  • 65
    • 13444266102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are invasive species the drivers or passengers of change in degraded ecosystems?
    • MacDougall, A.S. & Turkington, R. (2005) Are invasive species the drivers or passengers of change in degraded ecosystems? Ecology, 86, 42-55.
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 42-55
    • MacDougall, A.S.1    Turkington, R.2
  • 66
    • 67650441717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Declines in woodland salamander abundance associated with non-native earthworm and plant invasions
    • Maerz, J.C., Nuzzo, V.A. & Blossey, B. (2009) Declines in woodland salamander abundance associated with non-native earthworm and plant invasions. Conservation Biology, 23, 975-981.
    • (2009) Conservation Biology , vol.23 , pp. 975-981
    • Maerz, J.C.1    Nuzzo, V.A.2    Blossey, B.3
  • 68
    • 13644264268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deer browsing and population viability of a forest understory plant
    • McGraw, J.B. & Furedi, M.A. (2005) Deer browsing and population viability of a forest understory plant. Science, 307, 920-922.
    • (2005) Science , vol.307 , pp. 920-922
    • McGraw, J.B.1    Furedi, M.A.2
  • 69
    • 33747329382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seven-year survival of perennial herbaceous transplants in temperate woodland restoration
    • Mottl, L.M., Mabry, C.M. & Farrar, D.R. (2006) Seven-year survival of perennial herbaceous transplants in temperate woodland restoration. Restoration Ecology, 14, 330-338.
    • (2006) Restoration Ecology , vol.14 , pp. 330-338
    • Mottl, L.M.1    Mabry, C.M.2    Farrar, D.R.3
  • 70
    • 80053941897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Legacy of top-down herbivore pressure ricochets back up multiple trophic levels in forest canopies over 30 years
    • Nuttle, T., Yerger, E.H., Stoleson, S.H. & Ristau, T.E. (2011) Legacy of top-down herbivore pressure ricochets back up multiple trophic levels in forest canopies over 30 years. Ecosphere, 2, art4.
    • (2011) Ecosphere , vol.2 , pp. art4
    • Nuttle, T.1    Yerger, E.H.2    Stoleson, S.H.3    Ristau, T.E.4
  • 71
    • 67650451096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earthworm invasion as the driving force behind plant invasion and community change in northeastern North American forests
    • Nuzzo, V.A., Maerz, J.C. & Blossey, B. (2009) Earthworm invasion as the driving force behind plant invasion and community change in northeastern North American forests. Conservation Biology, 23, 966-974.
    • (2009) Conservation Biology , vol.23 , pp. 966-974
    • Nuzzo, V.A.1    Maerz, J.C.2    Blossey, B.3
  • 72
    • 77954293830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herbivory enhances positive effects of plant genotypic diversity
    • Parker, J.D., Salminen, J. & Agrawal, A.A. (2010) Herbivory enhances positive effects of plant genotypic diversity. Ecology Letters, 13, 553-563.
    • (2010) Ecology Letters , vol.13 , pp. 553-563
    • Parker, J.D.1    Salminen, J.2    Agrawal, A.A.3
  • 73
    • 84873996690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elk herbivory alters small mammal assemblages in high-elevation drainages
    • Parsons, E.W.R., Maron, J.L. & Martin, T.E. (2013) Elk herbivory alters small mammal assemblages in high-elevation drainages. Journal of Animal Ecology, 82, 459-467.
    • (2013) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.82 , pp. 459-467
    • Parsons, E.W.R.1    Maron, J.L.2    Martin, T.E.3
  • 75
    • 79951551803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earthworms, as ecosystem engineers, influence multiple aspects of a salamander's ecology
    • Ransom, T.S. (2011) Earthworms, as ecosystem engineers, influence multiple aspects of a salamander's ecology. Oecologia, 165, 745-754.
    • (2011) Oecologia , vol.165 , pp. 745-754
    • Ransom, T.S.1
  • 76
    • 84868241440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of direct, indirect, and ecosystem engineering effects of an earthworm on the red-backed salamander
    • Ransom, T.S. (2012) Comparison of direct, indirect, and ecosystem engineering effects of an earthworm on the red-backed salamander. Ecology, 93, 2198-2207.
    • (2012) Ecology , vol.93 , pp. 2198-2207
    • Ransom, T.S.1
  • 77
    • 0037626363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earthworms and pH affect communities of nematodes and enchytraeids in forest soil
    • Raty, M. & Huhta, V. (2003) Earthworms and pH affect communities of nematodes and enchytraeids in forest soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 38, 52-58.
    • (2003) Biology and Fertility of Soils , vol.38 , pp. 52-58
    • Raty, M.1    Huhta, V.2
  • 79
    • 0034882155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deer impacts on forest ecosystems: a North American perspective
    • Rooney, T.P. (2001) Deer impacts on forest ecosystems: a North American perspective. Forestry, 74, 201-208.
    • (2001) Forestry , vol.74 , pp. 201-208
    • Rooney, T.P.1
  • 80
    • 0043166524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A demographic study of deer browsing impacts on Trillium grandiflorum
    • Rooney, T. & Gross, K. (2003) A demographic study of deer browsing impacts on Trillium grandiflorum. Plant Ecology, 168, 267-277.
    • (2003) Plant Ecology , vol.168 , pp. 267-277
    • Rooney, T.1    Gross, K.2
  • 81
    • 0042905782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct and indirect effects of white-tailed deer in forest ecosystems
    • Rooney, T.P. & Waller, D.M. (2003) Direct and indirect effects of white-tailed deer in forest ecosystems. Forest Ecology and Management, 181, 165-176.
    • (2003) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.181 , pp. 165-176
    • Rooney, T.P.1    Waller, D.M.2
  • 82
    • 8744307170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of earthworms on the abundance of Collembola: improvement of food resources or of habitat?
    • Salmon, S. (2004) The impact of earthworms on the abundance of Collembola: improvement of food resources or of habitat? Biology and Fertility of Soils, 40, 323-333.
    • (2004) Biology and Fertility of Soils , vol.40 , pp. 323-333
    • Salmon, S.1
  • 83
    • 0347300367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of earthworms on plant growth: patterns and perspectives: The 7th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology· Cardiff· Wales· 2002
    • Scheu, S. (2003) Effects of earthworms on plant growth: patterns and perspectives: The 7th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology· Cardiff· Wales· 2002. Pedobiologia, 47, 846-856.
    • (2003) Pedobiologia , vol.47 , pp. 846-856
    • Scheu, S.1
  • 84
    • 0033026054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Links between the detritivore and the herbivore system: effects of earthworms and Collembola on plant growth and aphid development
    • Scheu, S., Theenhaus, A. & Jones, T.H. (1999) Links between the detritivore and the herbivore system: effects of earthworms and Collembola on plant growth and aphid development. Oecologia, 119, 541-551.
    • (1999) Oecologia , vol.119 , pp. 541-551
    • Scheu, S.1    Theenhaus, A.2    Jones, T.H.3
  • 85
    • 0142070871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can ungulates foraging in a multiple-use landscape alter forest nitrogen budgets?
    • Seagle, S.W. (2003) Can ungulates foraging in a multiple-use landscape alter forest nitrogen budgets? Oikos, 103, 230-234.
    • (2003) Oikos , vol.103 , pp. 230-234
    • Seagle, S.W.1
  • 86
    • 0038170286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of ecosystem functioning to changes in trophic structure, functional group composition and species diversity in belowground food webs
    • Setälä, H. (2002) Sensitivity of ecosystem functioning to changes in trophic structure, functional group composition and species diversity in belowground food webs. Ecological Research, 17, 207-215.
    • (2002) Ecological Research , vol.17 , pp. 207-215
    • Setälä, H.1
  • 87
    • 84896272002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of abundant white-tailed deer on vegetation, animals, mycorrhizal fungi, and soils
    • Shelton, A.L., Henning, J.A., Schultz, P. & Clay, K. (2014) Effects of abundant white-tailed deer on vegetation, animals, mycorrhizal fungi, and soils. Forest Ecology and Management, 320, 39-49.
    • (2014) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.320 , pp. 39-49
    • Shelton, A.L.1    Henning, J.A.2    Schultz, P.3    Clay, K.4
  • 88
    • 1842713917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deer browsing reduces leaf damage by herbivorous insects through an induced response of the host plant
    • Shimazaki, A. & Miyashita, T. (2002) Deer browsing reduces leaf damage by herbivorous insects through an induced response of the host plant. Ecological Research, 17, 527-533.
    • (2002) Ecological Research , vol.17 , pp. 527-533
    • Shimazaki, A.1    Miyashita, T.2
  • 89
    • 0027975717 scopus 로고
    • Ability of the earthworms Aporrectodea rosea and Aporrectodea trapezoides to increase plant growth and the foliar concentration of elements in wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. spear) in a sandy loam soil
    • Stephens, P.M., Davoren, C.W., Doube, B.M. & Ryder, M.H. (1994) Ability of the earthworms Aporrectodea rosea and Aporrectodea trapezoides to increase plant growth and the foliar concentration of elements in wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. spear) in a sandy loam soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 18, 150-154.
    • (1994) Biology and Fertility of Soils , vol.18 , pp. 150-154
    • Stephens, P.M.1    Davoren, C.W.2    Doube, B.M.3    Ryder, M.H.4
  • 90
    • 1642336505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of exotic earthworms on soil phosphorus cycling in two broadleaf temperate forests
    • Suarez, E., Pelletier, D., Fahey, T., Groffman, P., Bohlen, P. & Fisk, M. (2004) Effects of exotic earthworms on soil phosphorus cycling in two broadleaf temperate forests. Ecosystems, 7, 28-44.
    • (2004) Ecosystems , vol.7 , pp. 28-44
    • Suarez, E.1    Pelletier, D.2    Fahey, T.3    Groffman, P.4    Bohlen, P.5    Fisk, M.6
  • 91
    • 84879487603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Threshold responses of forest birds to landscape changes around exurban development
    • Suarez-Rubio, M., Wilson, S., Leimgruber, P. & Lookingbill, T. (2013) Threshold responses of forest birds to landscape changes around exurban development. PLoS One, 8, e67593.
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8 , pp. e67593
    • Suarez-Rubio, M.1    Wilson, S.2    Leimgruber, P.3    Lookingbill, T.4
  • 93
    • 33750173742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasion patterns of Lumbricidae into the previously earthworm-free areas of northeastern Europe and the western Great Lakes region of North America
    • Tiunov, A.V., Hale, C.M., Holdsworth, A.R. & Vsevolodova-Perel, T.S. (2006) Invasion patterns of Lumbricidae into the previously earthworm-free areas of northeastern Europe and the western Great Lakes region of North America. Biological Invasions, 8, 1223-1234.
    • (2006) Biological Invasions , vol.8 , pp. 1223-1234
    • Tiunov, A.V.1    Hale, C.M.2    Holdsworth, A.R.3    Vsevolodova-Perel, T.S.4
  • 94
    • 84921926409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of deer on forest herb layers
    • ed. F.S. Gilliam) -. Oxford University Press, New York, USA.
    • Waller, D.M. (2014). Effects of deer on forest herb layers. The Herbaceous Layer in Forests of Eastern North America (ed. F.S. Gilliam ), pp. 369-399. Oxford University Press, New York, USA.
    • (2014) The Herbaceous Layer in Forests of Eastern North America , pp. 369-399
    • Waller, D.M.1
  • 95
    • 84879536647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do white-tailed deer and the exotic plant garlic mustard interact to affect the growth and persistence of native forest plants?
    • Waller, D.M. & Maas, L.I. (2013) Do white-tailed deer and the exotic plant garlic mustard interact to affect the growth and persistence of native forest plants? Forest Ecology and Management, 304, 296-302.
    • (2013) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.304 , pp. 296-302
    • Waller, D.M.1    Maas, L.I.2
  • 96
    • 33644561212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human-induced changes in large herbivorous mammal density: the consequences for decomposers
    • Wardle, D. & Bardgett, R. (2004) Human-induced changes in large herbivorous mammal density: the consequences for decomposers. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2, 145-153.
    • (2004) Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment , vol.2 , pp. 145-153
    • Wardle, D.1    Bardgett, R.2
  • 97
    • 77956983887 scopus 로고
    • Comparative physiological studies on the growth of field crops: I. Variation in net assimilation rate and leaf area between species and varieties, and within and between years
    • Watson, D.J. (1947) Comparative physiological studies on the growth of field crops: I. Variation in net assimilation rate and leaf area between species and varieties, and within and between years. Annals of Botany, 11, 41-76.
    • (1947) Annals of Botany , vol.11 , pp. 41-76
    • Watson, D.J.1
  • 98
    • 20444385116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term response of spring flora to chronic herbivory and deer exclusion in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA
    • Webster, C.R., Jenkins, M.A. & Rock, J.H. (2005) Long-term response of spring flora to chronic herbivory and deer exclusion in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Biological Conservation, 125, 297-307.
    • (2005) Biological Conservation , vol.125 , pp. 297-307
    • Webster, C.R.1    Jenkins, M.A.2    Rock, J.H.3
  • 99
    • 0033958088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of turtlehead (Chelone glabra L.) and other herbaceous plants to assess intensity of white-tailed deer browsing on Allegheny Plateau riparian forests, USA
    • Williams, C.E., Mosbacher, E.V. & Moriarity, W.J. (2000) Use of turtlehead (Chelone glabra L.) and other herbaceous plants to assess intensity of white-tailed deer browsing on Allegheny Plateau riparian forests, USA. Biological Conservation, 92, 207-215.
    • (2000) Biological Conservation , vol.92 , pp. 207-215
    • Williams, C.E.1    Mosbacher, E.V.2    Moriarity, W.J.3
  • 100
    • 0000577334 scopus 로고
    • Feeding ecology of a population of eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) in southeast Ohio
    • Wrazen, J.A. & Svendsen, G.E. (1978) Feeding ecology of a population of eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) in southeast Ohio. American Midland Naturalist, 100, 190-201.
    • (1978) American Midland Naturalist , vol.100 , pp. 190-201
    • Wrazen, J.A.1    Svendsen, G.E.2
  • 101
    • 0037272958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indirect effects of earthworms (Aporrectodea caliginosa) on an above-ground tritrophic interaction
    • Wurst, S. & Jones, T.H. (2003) Indirect effects of earthworms (Aporrectodea caliginosa) on an above-ground tritrophic interaction. Pedobiologia, 47, 91-97.
    • (2003) Pedobiologia , vol.47 , pp. 91-97
    • Wurst, S.1    Jones, T.H.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.