Distribution and impacts of invasive earthworms in Canadian forest ecosystems

Biological Invasions

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 59-79

  Addison, J A ^a  

^a ROYAL ROADS UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Boreal; Distribution; Earthworms; Exotic; Invasion; Native; Northern forest

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURAL SOIL; BIOLOGICAL INVASION; BOREAL FOREST; CARBON; DECIDUOUS FOREST; DISPERSAL; EARTHWORM; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT; EVERGREEN FOREST; FOREST FLOOR; INVASIVE SPECIES; NITROGEN; PALATABILITY; POPULATION DISTRIBUTION; SOIL FAUNA; SURVIVAL;

CANADA; NORTH AMERICA;

EID: 57449086874     PISSN: 13873547     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10530-008-9320-4     Document Type: Review

References (118)

1. JA Addison SB Holmes 1996 Effect of two commercial formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki on the forest earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra Can J For Res 26 1594 1601
2. JA Addison JA Trofymow VG Marshall 2003 Abundance, species diversity and community structure of Collembola in successional coastal temperate forests on Vancouver Island Appl Soil Ecol 24 233 246
3. DH Alban EC Berry 1994 Effects of earthworm invasion on morphology, carbon, and nitrogen of a forest soil Appl Soil Ecol 1 243 249
4. Battigelli JP (2000) Impact of soil compaction and organic matter removal on the soil fauna in the Sub-Boreal Spruce zone of central British Columbia. PhD Thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
5. DI Berman TM Marusik 1994 On Bimastos parvus (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) from Yukon Territory (Canada), with discussion of distribution of the earthworms in Northwestern North America and Northeastern Siberia Megadrilogica 5 113 116
6. DI Berman EN Meshcheryakova AV Alfimov AN Leirikh 2001 Spread of the earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra (Lumbricidae: Oligochaeta) from Europe to Northern Asia is restricted by its insufficient frost resistance Dokl Biol Sci 377 145 148 translated from Doklady Akademii Nauk 377:415-418
7. JS Bhatti MJ Apps C Tarnocai 2002 Estimates of soil organic carbon stocks in central Canada using three different approaches Can J For Res 32 805 812
8. PJ Bohlen PM Groffman TJ Fahey MC Fisk E Suárez DM Pelletier RT Fahey 2004 Ecosystem consequences of exotic earthworm invasion of North Temperate Forests Ecosystems 7 1 12
9. PJ Bohlen DM Pelletier PM Groffman TJ Fahey MC Fisk 2004 Influence of earthworm invasion on redistribution and retention of soil carbon and nitrogen in northern temperate forests Ecosystems 7 13 27
10. PJ Bohlen S Scheu CM Hale MA McLean S Migge PM Groffman D Parkinson 2004 Non-native invasive earthworms as agent of change in northern temperate forests Front Ecol Environ 2 427 435
11. Bouché M (1977) Stratégies lombriciennes. In: Lohm U, Persson T (eds) Soil organisms as components of ecosystems. Ecological Bulletin (Stockholm) 25:122-132
12. AE Burtelow PJ Bohlen PM Groffman 1998 Influence of exotic earthworm invasion on soil organic matter, microbial biomass and denitrification potential in forest soils of the northeastern United States Appl Soil Ecol 9 197 202
13. EK Cameron EM Bayne JM Clapperton 2007 Human-facilitated invasion of exotic earthworms into northern boreal forests Ecoscience 14 482 490
14. Canadian System of Soil Classification (1998) Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3rd edn. Publication 1646
15. HA Cárcamo D Parkinson D Barghoon 1998 Distribution of earthworms along a sharp acidification gradient Pedobiologia 42 88 95
16. K-Y Chan JA Mead 2003 Soil acidity limits colonization by Aporrectodea trapezoides, an exotic earthworm Pedobiologia 47 225 229
17. MJ Clapperton JJ Miller FJ Larney CW Lindwall 1997 Earthworm populations as affected by long-term tillage practices in southern, Alberta, Canada Soil Biol Biochem 29 631 633
18. P Dymond S Scheu D Parkinson 1997 Density and distribution of Dendrobaena octaedra (Lumbricidae) in aspen and pine forests in the Canadian Rocky Mountains (Alberta) Soil Biol Biochem 29 265 273
19. Edwards CA, Bohlen PJ (1996) Biology and ecology of earthworms. Chapman and Hall, London
20. Edwards CA, Lofty JR (1975) The influence of cultivation on soil animal populations. In: Vanek J (ed) Progress in soil zoology. Academia, Prague, pp 399-407
21. N Eisenhauer S Partsch D Parkinson S Scheu 2007 Invasion of a deciduous forest by earthworms: changes in soil chemistry, microflora, microarthropods and vegetation Soil Biol Biochem 39 1099 1110
22. WM Fender 1985 Earthworms of the western United States. Part 1. Lumbricidae Megadrilogica 5 93 129
23. Fender WM (1995) Native earthworms of the Pacific Northwest: an ecological overview. In: Hendrix PF (ed) Earthworm ecology and biogeography in North America. CRC Press Inc, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, pp 55-66
24. Fender WM, McKey-Fender D (1990) Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae and other earthworms from western North America. In: Dindal DL (ed) Soil biology guide, Chapter 12. Wiley, NY, pp 357-378
25. SH Ferguson 2004 Effects of poisoning nonindigenous slugs in a boreal forest Can J For Res 34 449 455
26. MC Fisk TJ Fahey PM Groffman PJ Bohlen 2004 Earthworm invasion, fine root distribution and soil respiration in hardwood forests Ecosystems 7 55 62
27. LE Frelich CM Hale S Scheu AR Holdsworth L Heneghan PF Bohlen PB Reich 2006 Earthworm invasion into previously earthworm-free temperate and boreal forests Biol Invasions 8 1235 1245
28. GE Gates 1982 Farewell to North American megadriles Megadrilogica 4 12 77
29. MS Ghilarov TS Perel 1984 Transfer of earthworms (Lumbricidae, Oligochaeta) for soil amelioration in the USSR Pedobiologia 27 107 113
30. DM Goodman JA Trofymow 1998 Distribution of ectomycorrhizae in micro-habitats in mature and old-growth stands of Douglas-fir on southern Vancouver Island Soil Biol Biochem 30 2127 2138
31. PM Groffman PJ Bohlen MC Fisk TJ Fahey 2004 Exotic earthworm invasion and microbial biomass in temperate forest soils Ecosystems 7 45 54
32. MJ Gundale 2002 Influence of exotic earthworms on the soil organic horizon and the rare fern Botrychium mormo Conserv Biol 16 1555 1561
33. J Haimi M Einbork 1992 Effects of endogeic earthworms on soil processes and plant growth in coniferous forest soil Biol Fertil Soils 13 6 10
34. J Haimi V Huhta 1990 Effects of earthworms on decomposition processes in raw humus forest soil: a microcosm study Biol Fertil Soil 10 178 183
35. Hale CM (2004) Ecological consequences of exotic invaders: interactions involving European earthworms and native plant communities in hardwood forests. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
36. Hale CM, Host GE (2005) Assessing the impacts of European earthworms invasion in beech-maple hardwood and aspen-fir boreal forests of the western Great Lakes region. Great Lakes Network Report GLKN/2005/11 1-36 http://www1.nature.nps.gov/im/units/glkn/ Earthworm%20Impacts%20in%20Western%20Great%20Lakes%20Forests.pdf. Accessed 2 April 2007
37. CM Hale LE Frelich PB Reich J Pastor 2005 Effects of European earthworm invasion on soil characteristics in northern hardwood forests of Minnesota, USA Ecosystems 8 911 927
38. PF Hendrix PJ Bohlen 2002 Exotic earthworm invasions of North America: ecological and policy implications Bioscience 53 801 811
39. PF Hendrix GH Baker MA Callahan Jr GA Damoff C Fragoso G Gonzáles SW James SL Lachnicht T Winsome W Zou 2006 Invasion of exotic earthworms into ecosystems inhabited by native earthworms Biol Invasions 8 1287 1300
40. A Heugens 1969 The physical decomposition of pine litter by earthworms Plant Soil 31 2 30
41. MD Hocking TE Reimchen 2002 Salmon-derived nitrogen in terrestrial invertebrates from coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest BMC Ecol 2 4
42. M Holmstrup 1994 Physiology of cold hardiness in cocoons of five earthworm taxa (Lumbricidae: Oligochaeta) J Comp Physiol B 164 222 228
43. M Holmstrup 2003 Overwintering adaptations in earthworms Pedobiologia 47 504 510
44. M Holmstrup P Westh 1995 Effects of dehydration on water relations and survival of lumbricid earthworm egg capsules J Comp Physiol B 165 377 383
45. M Holmstrup K Zacharissen 1996 Physiology of cold-hardiness mechanisms J Comp Physiol B 164 312 315
46. M Holmstrup JP Costanzo RE Lee Jr 1999 Cryoprotective and osmotic responses to cold acclimation and freezing in freeze-tolerant and freeze-intolerant earthworms J Comp Physiol B 169 207 214
47. James SW, Hendrix PF (2004) Invasions of exotic earthworms into North America and other regions. In: Edwards CA (ed) Earthworm Ecol, 2nd edn. CRC Press Inc., Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, pp 75-88
48. Kalisz PJ, Wood HB (1995) Native and exotic earthworms in wildland systems. In: Hendrix PF (ed) Earthworm ecology and biogeography in North America. CRC Press, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, pp 117-126
49. Klinka K, Green RN, Trowbridge RL, Lowe LE (1981) Taxonomic classification of humus forms in ecosystems of British Columbia. Land Management Report Number 8, BC Ministry of Forests
50. JM Kranabetter A Banner 2000 Selected biological and chemical properties of forest floors across bedrock types on the north coast of British Columbia Can J For Res 30 971 981
51. K Kreutzer 1995 Effect of forest liming on soil processes Plant Soil 168-169 447 470
52. KK Langmaid 1964 Some effects of earthworm invasion in virgin podzols Can J Soil Sci 44 34 37
53. B Lawrence MC Fisk TJ Fahey ER Suárez 2003 Influence of nonnative earthworms on mycorrhizal colonization of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) New Phytol 157 145 153
54. Lee NO, Corbière C, Clapperton MJ (1998) Worm watch Canada handbook. Canadian Earthworm Workshops, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
55. X Li MC Fisk TJ Fahey PJ Bohlen 2002 Influence of earthworm invasion on soil microbial biomass and activity in a northern hardwood forest Soil Biol Biochem 34 1929 1937
56. JCY Marinissen F van den Bosch 1992 Colonization of new habitats by earthworms Oecologia 91 371 376
57. VG Marshall WM Fender 2007 Native and introduced earthworms (Oligochaeta) of British Columbia, Canada Megadrilogica 11 29 52
58. DF McAlpine JW Reynolds TJ Fletcher JL Trecartin DL Sabine 2001 Sparganophilus eiseni (Oligochaeta, Sparganophilidae) in New Brunswick, an addition to the earthworm fauna of Maritime Canada Megadrilogica 4 81 85
59. D McKey-Fender WM Fender 1982 Arctiostrotus (gen. nov.). I. The identity of Plutellus perrieri Benham 1892 and its distribution in relation to glacial refugia Megadrilogica 4 81 86
60. D McKey-Fender WM Fender VG Marshall 1994 North American earthworms native to Vancouver Island and the Olympic Peninsula Can J Zool 72 1325 1339
61. MA McLean D Parkinson 1997 Changes in structure, organic matter and microbial activity in pine forest soil following the introduction of Dendrobaena octaedra (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) Soil Biol Biochem 29 537 540
62. MA McLean D Parkinson 2000 Field evidence of the effects of the epigeic earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra on the microfungal community in pine forest floor Soil Biol Biochem 32 351 360
63. MA McLean D Parkinson 2000 Introduction of the epigeic earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra changes the oribatid community and microarthropod abundances in a pine forest Soil Biol Biochem 32 1671 1681
64. MA McLean DU Kolodka D Parkinson 1996 Survival and growth of Dendrobaena octaedra (Savigny) in pine forest floor material Pedobiologia 40 281 288
65. MA McLean S Migge-Kleian D Parkinson 2006 Earthworm invasion of ecosystems devoid of earthworms: effects on soil microbes Biol Invasions 8 1257 1273
66. J Meijer 1972 An isolated earthworm population in the recently reclaimed Lauwerszeepolder Pedobiologia 12 409 411
67. Migge S (2001) The effect of earthworm invasion on nutrient turnover, microorganisms and microarthropods in Canadian aspen forest soil. PhD Dissertation, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Cuvilier Verlag, Göttingen, Germany
68. J-D Moore JW Reynolds 2003 Premières mentions de vers de terre (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) dans deux ecosystèms forestiers du bouclier canadien, Quebec, Canada Megadrilogica 9 53 59
69. NRCan (2006) The state of Canada's forests 2005-2006 http://www.nrcan.gc. ca/cfs-scf/national/what-quoi/sof/latest_e.html. Accessed 10 April 2007
70. NRCan (2007) Forest Regions of Canada. http://ecosys.cfl.scf.rncan.gc.ca/ classification/intro-region-eng.asp. Accessed 16 July 2008
71. TS Panesar VG Marshall HG Barclay 2000 The impact of clearcutting and partial harvesting systems on population dynamics of soil nematodes in coastal Douglas-fir forests Pedobiologia 44 641 665
72. D Paré B Bernier 1989 Origin of phosphorus deficiency observed in declining sugar maple stands in the Quebec Appalachians Can J For Res 19 24 34
73. D Paré B Bernier 1989 Changes in phosphorus nutrition of sugar maple along a topographic gradient in the Quebec Appalachians Can J For Res 19 132 134
74. Parkinson D, McLean MA, Scheu S (2004) Impacts of earthworms on other biota in forest soils, with some emphasis on cool temperate montane forests. In: Edwards CA (ed) Earthworm ecology, 2nd edn. CRC Press, pp 241-259
75. Pojar J, Klinka K, Demarchi DA (1991) Coastal Western Hemlock Zone. In: Meindinger D, Pojar J (eds) Ecosystems of British Columbia, Chapter 6. Special Report Series 6, B.C. Ministry of Forests, Victoria, BC, pp 95-112
76. VV Pop AA Pop 2006 Lumbricid earthworm invasion in the Carpathian Mountains and some other sites in Romania Biol Invasions 8 1219 1222
77. Proulx N (2003) Ecological risk assessment of non-indigenous earthworm species. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, 500 Lafayette Rd., St. Paul, Minnesota. http://www.nrri.umn.edu/worms/research/publications/Proulx 2003.pdf. Accessed 10 April 2007
78. LM Rasmussen H Holmstrup 2002 Geographic variation of freeze-tolerance in the earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra J Comp Physiol B 172 691 698
79. M Räty 2004 Growth of Lumbricus terrestris and Apporectodea caliginosa in an acid forest soil, and their effects on enchytraeid populations and soil properties Pedobiologia 48 321 328
80. M Räty V Huhta 2004 Earthworms communities in birch stands with different origin in central Finland Pedobiologia 48 283 391
81. PB Reich J Oleskyn J Modrzynski P Mrozinski SE Hobbie D Eissenstat J Chorover OA Chadwick CM Hale MG Tjoelker 2005 Linking litter calcium, earthworms, and soil properties: a common garden test with 14 tree species Ecol Lett 8 811 818
82. JW Reynolds 1976 Un aperçu des vers de terre dans les forêts nord-américaines, leurs activités et leurs répartition Megadrilogica 2 1 11
83. Reynolds JW (1977) The earthworms (Lumbricidae and Sparganophilidae) of Ontario. Life Sci Misc Publ, Royal Ont Mus, ON, Canada
84. JW Reynolds 1994 The distribution of the earthworms (Oligochaeta) of Indiana: a case for the post quaternary introduction theory for megadrile migration in North America Megadrilogica 5 28 32
85. Reynolds JW (1995) Status of exotic earthworm systematics and biogeography in North America. In: Hendrix PF (ed) Ecology and biogeography of earthworms in North America. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, pp 1-28
86. JW Reynolds 2000 A contribution to our knowledge of the earthworm fauna of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) Megadrilogica 8 5 8
87. JW Reynolds 2000 A contribution to our knowledge of the earthworm fauna of Manitoba, Canada (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) Megadrilogica 8 9 12
88. JW Reynolds 2001 The earthworms of New Brunswick (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) Megadrilogica 8 37 47
89. JW Reynolds 2003 First earthworm record from Nunavut, Canada and the second from the Northwest Territories Megadrilogica 9 40
90. JW Reynolds 2003 A second earthworm species (Lumbricidae) from Nunavut, Canada Megadrilogica 9 52
91. Reynolds JW (2004) The status of earthworm biogeography, diversity and taxonomy in North America revisited with glimpse into the future. In: Edwards CA (ed) Earthworm ecology, 2nd edn. CRC Press, pp 63-74
92. JW Reynolds MJ Clapperton 1996 New earthworm records for Alberta (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) including the description of a new Canadian species Megadrilogica 6 73 82
93. JW Reynolds MN Khan 1999 A contribution to our knowledge of the earthworm fauna of Saskatchewan, Canada Megadrilogica 7 81
94. JW Reynolds SM Moore 1996 Note on the first earthworm record from the Northwest Territories, Canada Megadrilogica 6 96
95. JW Reynolds KW Reynolds 1992 Les vers de terre sur la rive nord du Saint-Laurent (Quebec) Megadrilogica 4 145 161
96. Rowe JS (1972) Forest Regions of Canada. Ottawa (Canada): Department of Environment. Publication 1300
97. Satchell JE (1967) Lumbricidae. In: Burges A, Raw F (eds) Soil biology. Academic Press, London and New York, pp 259-322
98. Scarratt JB (1996) Response to disturbance in boreal mixedwood ecosystems: the Black Sturgeon Boreal Mixedwood Research Project. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, Ont. NODA/NFP Tech Rep TR-7
99. S Scheu MA McLean 1993 The earthworm (Lumbricidae) distribution in Alberta (Canada) Megadrilogica 4 175 180
100. S Scheu D Parkinson 1994 Effects of earthworms on nutrient dynamics carbon turnover and microorganisms from cool temperate forests of the Canadian Rocky Mountains - laboratory studies Appl Soil Ecol 1 113 125
101. SF Shakir DL Dindal 1997 Density and biomass of earthworms in forest and herbaceous microecosystems in Central New York, North America Soil Biol Biochem 29 275 285
102. Sims RW, Gerard BM (1999) Earthworms. In: Barnes RSK, Crothers JH (eds) Synopses of the British fauna (New Series) No. 31. Linnaean Society of London and The Estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association
103. GA Spiers D Gagnon GE Nason EC Packee JD Lousier 1986 Effects and importance of indigenous earthworms on decomposition and nutrient cycling in coastal forest ecosystems Can J For Res 16 983 989
104. ER Suárez DM Pelletier TJ Fahey PM Groffman PJ Bohlen MC Fisk 2003 Effects of exotic earthworms on soil phosphorus cycling in two broadleaf temperate forests Ecosystems 7 28 44
105. ER Suárez TJ Fahey PM Groffman JB Yavitt PJ Bohlen 2006 Spatial and temporal dynamics of exotic earthworm communities along invasion fronts in a temperate hardwood forest in south-central New York (USA) Biol Invasions 8 553 564
106. CL Teale 2007 A preliminary survey of the oligochaete fauna of the Yukon Territory, Canada Megadrilogica 11 3 7
107. J Terhivuo 1988 The finnish Lumbricidae (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) Ann Zool Fenn 25 229 247
108. J Terhivuo 1989 The Lumbricidae (Oligochaeta) of southern Finland: species assemblages, numbers, biomass and respiration Ann Zool Fenn 26 1 23
109. A Tiunov S Scheu 1999 Microbial respiration, biomass, biovolume and nutrient status in burrow walls of Lumbricus terrestris L. (Lumbricidae) Soil Biol Biochem 31 2039 2048
110. AV Tiunov CM Hale AR Holdsworth TS Vsevolodova-Perel 2006 Invasion patterns of Lumbricidae into the previously earthworm-free areas of northeastern Europe and the western Great Lakes region of North America Biol Invasions 8 1223 1234
111. AD Tomlin CA Fox 2003 Earthworms and agricultural systems: status of knowledge and research in Canada Can J Soil Sci 83 265 278
112. Trofymow JA, Porter GL (1998) Introduction to the Coastal Forest Chronosequence Project. Northwest Science 72, Special issue 2:1-3
113. Vimmerstedt JP (1983) Earthworm ecology in reclaimed opencast coal mining sites in Ohio. In: Satchell JE (ed) Earthworm ecology: from Darwin to vermiculture. Chapman and Hall, London New York, pp 229-240
114. Vogt KA, Vogt DJ, Brown S, Tilley JP, Edmonds RL, Silver WL, Siccama G (1995) Dynamics of forest floor and soil organic matter accumulation in boreal temperate and tropical forests. In: Lal R, Kimble J, Stewart BA (eds) Soils and global change. CRC Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, pp 159-179
115. SE Welke D Parkinson 2003 Effects of Aporrectodea trapezoides activity on seedling growth of Pseudotsuga menziesii, nutrient dynamics and microbial activity in different forest soils For Ecol Manage 173 169 187
116. JK Whalen 2004 Spatial and temporal distribution of earthworm patches in cornfield, hayfield and forest systems of southwestern Quebec, Canada Appl Soil Ecol 27 143 151
117. M Wironen TR Moore 2006 Exotic earthworm invasion increases soil carbon and nitrogen in an old-growth forest in southern Quebec Can J For Res 36 845 854
118. D Zheng ER Hunt Jr SW Running 1993 A daily soil temperature model based on air temperature and precipitation for continental applications Clim Res 2 183 181