The status of women in US academic pharmacy

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

Volumn 78, Issue 10, 2014, Pages 1-10

  Draugalis, Jolaine R ^a   Plaza, Cecilia M ^b   Taylor, Danielle A ^b   Meyer, Susan M ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA   (United States)

^b AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF COLLEGES OF PHARMACY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

Author keywords

Faculty; Pharmacy education; Women

Indexed keywords

ECONOMICS; EDUCATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MANPOWER; PHARMACY; SALARY AND FRINGE BENEFIT; SEX DIFFERENCE; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; UNITED STATES; UNIVERSITY;

EDUCATION, PHARMACY; FACULTY; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES; SALARIES AND FRINGE BENEFITS; SEX FACTORS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84921841519     PISSN: 00029459     EISSN: 15536467     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5688/ajpe7810178     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Svarstad BL, Draugalis JR, Meyer SM, Mount JK. The status of women in pharmacy education: persisting gaps and issues. Am J Pharm Educ. 2004;68(3):Article 79.
2. National Research Council. Beyond Bias and Barriers: Fulfilling the Potential of Women in Academic Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2007.
3. DesRoches CM, Zinner DE, Rao SR, Iezzoni LI, Campbell EG. Activities, productivity, and compensation of men and women in the life sciences. Acad Med. 2010;85(4):631-639.
4. Andrews NC. Climbing through medicine’s glass ceiling. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(19):1887-1889.
5. Pololi LH, Civian JT, Brennan RT, Dottolo AL, Krupat E. Experiencing the culture of academic medicine: gender matters, a national study. J Gen Intern Med. 2012;28(2):201-207.
6. Jagsi R, Griffith KA, Stewart A, Sambuco D, DeCastro R, Ubel PA. Gender differences in salary in a recent cohort of early-career physician-researchers. Acad Med. 2013;88(11):1689-1699.
7. Curtis JW. Faculty salary equity: still a gender gap? On Campus with Women. Association of American Colleges and Universities. 2010;39(1).
8. CAUT Equity Review. The Persistent Gap. Canadian Association of University Teachers. 2011.
9. White SF, McDade S, Yamagata H, Morahan PS. Gender-related differences in the pathway to and characteristics of U.S. medical school deanships. Acad Med. 2012;87(8):1015-1023.
10. Yuan JC, Lee DJ, Kongkiatkamon S, et al. Gender trends in dental leadership and academics: a twenty-two-year observation. J Dent Educ. 2010;74(4):372-380.
11. Mayer AP, Blair JE, Ko MG, et al. Gender distribution of U.S. medical school faculty by academic track type. Acad Med. 2014;89 (2):312-317.
12. McLean MR, Morahan PS, Dannels SA, McDade SA. Geographic mobility advances careers: student of the executive leadership in academic medicine (ELAM) program for women. Acad Med. 2013;88(11):1700-1706.
13. Jolliff L, Leadley J, Coakley E, Sloane RA. Women in U.S. academic medicine and science: statistics and benchmarking report 2011-2012. Association of American Medical Colleges. 2012.
14. Ioannidou E, D’Souza RN, MacDougall MJ. Gender equity in dental academics: gains and unmet challenges. J Dent Res. 2014; 93(1):5-7.
15. Reed MJ, Corry AM, Liu YW. The role of women in dental education: monitoring the pipeline to leadership. J Dent Educ. 2012;76(11):1427-1436.
16. American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. Fall 2012 Profile of Pharmacy Students. http://www.aacp.org/resources/research/institutionalresearch/Documents/Fall12_Degrees%20Conferred.pdf. Accessed February 2, 2014.
17. Rosser SV. More gender diversity will mean better science. Chronicle of Higher Education. 2012;59: B22-B23.
18. National Science Foundation. Doctoral degrees awarded to women, by field: 2001–10. http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/ 2013/pdf/tab7-2.pdf. Accessed February 2, 2014.
19. National Science Foundation. Science, engineering, and health doctorate holders employed in universities and 4-year colleges, by broad occupation, sex, race/ethnicity, and faculty rank: 2010. http:// www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/2013/pdf/tab9-25.pdf. Accessed February 2, 2014.
20. National Science Foundation. Science, engineering, and health doctorate holders employed in universities and 4-year colleges, by broad occupation, sex, race/ethnicity, and tenure status: 2010. http:// www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/2013/pdf/tab9-26.pdf. Accessed February 2, 2014.
21. Draugalis JR, Plaza CM. A 20-year perspective on preparation strategies and career planning of pharmacy deans. Am J Pharm Educ. 2010;74(9):Article 162.
22. National Science Foundation. Science, engineering, and health doctorate holders employed in universities and 4-year colleges, by type of academic position, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: 2010. http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/2013/pdf/tab9-22.pdf. Accessed February 2, 2014.
23. Madera JM, Hebl MR, Martin RC. Gender and letters of recommendation for academia: agentic and communal differences. J Appl Psychol. 2009;94(6):1591-1599.
24. Moss-Racusin CA, Dovidio JF, Brescoll VL, Graham MJ, Handelsman J. Science faculty’s subtle gender bias favor male students. PNAS. October 9, 2012;109(41):16474–16479.
25. Casadevall A, Handelsman J. The presence of female conveners correlates with a higher proportion of female speakers at scientific symposia. mBio. 2014;5(1):e00846-13.
26. Flaherty C. Chemistry without women. Inside Higher Ed. February 24, 2014. http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2014/02/24/female-chemists-protest-all-male-conference-lineup Accessed February 24, 2014.
27. Shen H. Inequality quantified: mind the gender gap. Nature. 2013;495(7439):22-24.
28. Sloma-Williams L, McDade SA, Richman RC, Morahan PS. The role of self-efficacy in developing women leaders – a case study of women in academic medicine and dentistry. In Dean DR, Bracken SJ, Allen JK, eds. Women in Academic Leadership – Professional Strategies, Personal Choices. Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishing LLC; 2009:50-73.
29. Bandura A. Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc;1986:390-409.
30. Taylor DA, Taylor JN. The pharmacy student population: applications received 2011-12, degrees conferred 2011-12, Fall 2012 enrollments. Am J Pharm Educ. 2013;77(6):Article S3.
31. American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. 2012-13 Profile of Pharmacy Faculty. http://www.aacp.org/resources/research/ institutionalresearch/Documents/PPF-1213-final.pdf. Accessed February 2, 2014.
32. O’Meara K. Change the tenure system. Inside Higher Ed. January 14, 2014. http://www.insidehighered.com/advice/2014/01/ 13/essay-calls-reform-tenure-and-promotion-system. Accessed January 13, 2014.
33. Valian V. Why So Slow? The Advancement of Women. Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press. 1998.
34. Shollen SL, Bland CJ, Finstad DA, Taylor AL. Organizational climate and family life: how these factors affect the status of women faculty at one medical school. Acad Med. 2009;84(1):87-94.
35. Mason MA. How to level the playing field for women in science. Chronicle of Higher Education. March 7, 2014; 60(25):A41–A42.
36. Dean DR, Bracken SJ, and Allen JK. The balancing act revisited – professional strategy and personal choice on the path to academic leadership. In: Dean DR, Bracken SJ, and Allen JK, eds. Women in Academic Leadership: Professional Strategies, Personal Choices. Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishing LLC; 2009:1-7.