메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 25, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 1-17

Does Karma Exist?: Buddhism, Social Cognition, and the Evidence for Karma

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84921745170     PISSN: 10508619     EISSN: 15327582     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10508619.2013.879427     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (8)

References (86)
  • 2
    • 0027613727 scopus 로고
    • Beliefs about the world and recovery from myocardian infarction
    • Agrawal, M., & Dalal, A. K. (1993). Beliefs about the world and recovery from myocardian infarction. The Journal of Social Psychology, 133, 385–394.
    • (1993) The Journal of Social Psychology , vol.133 , pp. 385-394
    • Agrawal, M.1    Dalal, A.K.2
  • 8
    • 2442523112 scopus 로고
    • Some experiments on the reproduction of folk-stories
    • Bartlett, F.C. (1920). Some experiments on the reproduction of folk-stories. Folklore, 31, 30–47.
    • (1920) Folklore , vol.31 , pp. 30-47
    • Bartlett, F.C.1
  • 9
    • 0029304103 scopus 로고
    • The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation
    • Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497–529.
    • (1995) Psychological Bulletin , vol.117 , pp. 497-529
    • Baumeister, R.F.1    Leary, M.R.2
  • 11
    • 0002262555 scopus 로고
    • Interpersonal coordination: Behavior matching and interactional synchrony
    • Feldman R. S., Rimé B., (eds), New York, NY: Cambridge University Press
    • Bernieri, F. J., & Rosenthal, R. (1991). Interpersonal coordination: Behavior matching and interactional synchrony. In R. S. Feldman & B. Rimé (Eds.), Fundamentals of nonverbal behavior (pp. 401–432). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1991) Fundamentals of nonverbal behavior , pp. 401-432
    • Bernieri, F.J.1    Rosenthal, R.2
  • 12
    • 17644445072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overt head movements and persuasion: A self-validation analysis
    • Briñol, P., & Petty, R. E. (2003). Overt head movements and persuasion: A self-validation analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 1123–1139.
    • (2003) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.84 , pp. 1123-1139
    • Briñol, P.1    Petty, R.E.2
  • 13
    • 73049117873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body posture effects on self-evaluation: A self-validation approach
    • Briñol, P., Petty, R. E., & Wagner, B. (2009). Body posture effects on self-evaluation: A self-validation approach. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 1053–1064.
    • (2009) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.39 , pp. 1053-1064
    • Briñol, P.1    Petty, R.E.2    Wagner, B.3
  • 14
    • 0141686898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Providing social support may be more beneficial than receiving it: Results from a prospective study of mortality
    • Brown, S. L., Nesse, R. M., Vinokur, A. D., & Smith, D. M. (2003). Providing social support may be more beneficial than receiving it: Results from a prospective study of mortality. Psychological Science, 14, 320–327.
    • (2003) Psychological Science , vol.14 , pp. 320-327
    • Brown, S.L.1    Nesse, R.M.2    Vinokur, A.D.3    Smith, D.M.4
  • 16
    • 33746396344 scopus 로고
    • On perceptual readiness
    • Bruner, J. (1957). On perceptual readiness. Psychological Review, 64, 123–152.
    • (1957) Psychological Review , vol.64 , pp. 123-152
    • Bruner, J.1
  • 17
    • 57049097644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The norm of reciprocity as an internalized social norm: Returning favors even when no one finds out
    • Burger, J. M., Sanchez, J., Imberi, J. E., & Grande, L. R. (2009). The norm of reciprocity as an internalized social norm: Returning favors even when no one finds out. Social Influence, 4, 11–17.
    • (2009) Social Influence , vol.4 , pp. 11-17
    • Burger, J.M.1    Sanchez, J.2    Imberi, J.E.3    Grande, L.R.4
  • 18
    • 85046520713 scopus 로고
    • Rudimentary determinants of attitudes. II: Arm flexion and extension have differential effects on attitudes
    • Cacioppo, J. T., Priester, J. R., & Berntson, G. G. (1993). Rudimentary determinants of attitudes. II: Arm flexion and extension have differential effects on attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 5–17.
    • (1993) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.65 , pp. 5-17
    • Cacioppo, J.T.1    Priester, J.R.2    Berntson, G.G.3
  • 21
    • 33847262138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observed initiation and reciprocity of physical aggression in young, at-risk couples
    • Capaldi, D. M., Kim, H. K., & Shortt, J. W. (2007). Observed initiation and reciprocity of physical aggression in young, at-risk couples. Journal of Family Violence, 22, 101–111.
    • (2007) Journal of Family Violence , vol.22 , pp. 101-111
    • Capaldi, D.M.1    Kim, H.K.2    Shortt, J.W.3
  • 22
    • 56649111208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How extending your middle finger affects your perception of others: Learned movements influence concept accessibility
    • Chandler, J., & Schwarz, N. (2009). How extending your middle finger affects your perception of others: Learned movements influence concept accessibility. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 123–128.
    • (2009) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.45 , pp. 123-128
    • Chandler, J.1    Schwarz, N.2
  • 23
    • 0033238097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chameleon effect: The perception-behavior link and social interaction
    • Chartrand, T. L., & Bargh, J. A. (1999). The chameleon effect: The perception-behavior link and social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 893–910.
    • (1999) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.76 , pp. 893-910
    • Chartrand, T.L.1    Bargh, J.A.2
  • 25
    • 0000437653 scopus 로고
    • Person categories and social perception: Testing some boundaries of the processing effect of prior knowledge
    • Cohen, C. E. (1981). Person categories and social perception: Testing some boundaries of the processing effect of prior knowledge. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 441–452.
    • (1981) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.40 , pp. 441-452
    • Cohen, C.E.1
  • 26
    • 84865061307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investing in karma when wanting promotes helping
    • Converse, B. A., Risen, J. L., & Carter, T. J. (2012). Investing in karma when wanting promotes helping. Psychological Science, 23, 923–930.
    • (2012) Psychological Science , vol.23 , pp. 923-930
    • Converse, B.A.1    Risen, J.L.2    Carter, T.J.3
  • 28
    • 28144453764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review
    • Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31, 874–900.
    • (2005) Journal of Management , vol.31 , pp. 874-900
    • Cropanzano, R.1    Mitchell, M.S.2
  • 29
    • 84921766176 scopus 로고
    • Tsong-Kha-Pa's concept of karma
    • Neufeldt R. W., (ed), New York, NY: State University of New York Press
    • Dargyay, L. (1986). Tsong-Kha-Pa's concept of karma. In R. W. Neufeldt (Ed.), Karma and rebirth: Post classical developments (pp. 169–178). New York, NY: State University of New York Press.
    • (1986) Karma and rebirth: Post classical developments , pp. 169-178
    • Dargyay, L.1
  • 30
    • 13844299017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beliefs in karma and reincarnation among survivors of violent trauma—A community survey
    • Davidson, J. R. T., Connor, K. M., & Lee, L.-C. (2005). Beliefs in karma and reincarnation among survivors of violent trauma—A community survey. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 40, 120–125. doi:10.1007/s00127-005-0857-6
    • (2005) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology , vol.40 , pp. 120-125
    • Davidson, J.R.T.1    Connor, K.M.2    Lee, L.-C.3
  • 31
    • 51249173887 scopus 로고
    • Buddhist psychology: A review of theory and practice
    • De Silva, P. (1990). Buddhist psychology: A review of theory and practice. Current Psychology, 9, 236–254.
    • (1990) Current Psychology , vol.9 , pp. 236-254
    • De Silva, P.1
  • 32
    • 40749159672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Representative trust and reciprocity: Prevalence and determinants
    • Dohmen, T., Falk, A., Huffman, D., & Sunde, U. (2008). Representative trust and reciprocity: Prevalence and determinants. Economic Inquiry, 46, 84–90.
    • (2008) Economic Inquiry , vol.46 , pp. 84-90
    • Dohmen, T.1    Falk, A.2    Huffman, D.3    Sunde, U.4
  • 33
    • 41149125606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spending money on others promotes happiness
    • Dunn, E. W., Aknin, L. B., & Norton, M. I. (2008). Spending money on others promotes happiness. Science (New York, N.Y.), 319(5870), 1687–1688.
    • (2008) Science (New York, N.Y.) , vol.319 , Issue.5870 , pp. 1687-1688
    • Dunn, E.W.1    Aknin, L.B.2    Norton, M.I.3
  • 34
    • 44149128191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When do motor behaviors (mis) match affective stimuli? An evaluative coding view of approach and avoidance reactions
    • Eder, A. B., & Rothermund, K. (2008). When do motor behaviors (mis) match affective stimuli? An evaluative coding view of approach and avoidance reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology General, 137, 263–280.
    • (2008) Journal of Experimental Psychology General , vol.137 , pp. 263-280
    • Eder, A.B.1    Rothermund, K.2
  • 36
    • 1842659028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The positive and negative effects of anger on dispute resolution: Evidence from electronically mediated disputes
    • Friedman, R., Anderson, C., Brett, J., Olekalns, M., Goates, N., & Lisco, C. C. (2004). The positive and negative effects of anger on dispute resolution: Evidence from electronically mediated disputes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 369–376.
    • (2004) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.89 , pp. 369-376
    • Friedman, R.1    Anderson, C.2    Brett, J.3    Olekalns, M.4    Goates, N.5    Lisco, C.C.6
  • 38
    • 33646800954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Handbook of competence and motivation
    • Elliot A., Dweck C., (eds), New York, NY: Guilford Press
    • Gollwitzer, P. M., & Bargh, J. A. (2005). Handbook of competence and motivation. In A. Elliot & C. Dweck (Eds.), Automaticity in goal pursuit (pp. 624–646). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
    • (2005) Automaticity in goal pursuit , pp. 624-646
    • Gollwitzer, P.M.1    Bargh, J.A.2
  • 39
    • 85040206524 scopus 로고
    • Consistency of nonverbal affect and affect reciprocity in marital interaction
    • Gottman, J. M. (1980). Consistency of nonverbal affect and affect reciprocity in marital interaction. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 711–717.
    • (1980) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.48 , pp. 711-717
    • Gottman, J.M.1
  • 41
    • 0002175690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Knowledge activation: Accessibility, applicability, and salience
    • Higgins E. T., Kruglanski A. W., (eds), New York, NY: Guilford
    • Higgins, E. T. (1996). Knowledge activation: Accessibility, applicability, and salience. In E. T. Higgins & A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 133–168). New York, NY: Guilford.
    • (1996) Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles , pp. 133-168
    • Higgins, E.T.1
  • 45
    • 33745191619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Knowing how to react: Automatic response priming from social categories
    • Jonas, K. J., & Sassenberg, K. (2006). Knowing how to react: Automatic response priming from social categories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 709–721.
    • (2006) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.90 , pp. 709-721
    • Jonas, K.J.1    Sassenberg, K.2
  • 46
    • 0003851654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guyer P., Wood A., (eds), Mineoloa, NY: Dover. (Original work published 1781)
    • Kant, I. (2003). Critique of pure reason (P. Guyer & A. Wood, Trans.). Mineoloa, NY: Dover. (Original work published 1781)
    • (2003) Critique of pure reason
    • Kant, I.1
  • 48
    • 0001902147 scopus 로고
    • Surface form and memory in question answering
    • Levelt, W. J., & Kelter, S. (1982). Surface form and memory in question answering. Cognitive Psychology, 14, 78–106.
    • (1982) Cognitive Psychology , vol.14 , pp. 78-106
    • Levelt, W.J.1    Kelter, S.2
  • 49
    • 0036979952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual consequences of volunteer and paid work in old age: Health and mortality
    • Luoh, M.-C., & Herzog, A. R. (2002). Individual consequences of volunteer and paid work in old age: Health and mortality. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43, 490–509.
    • (2002) Journal of Health and Social Behavior , vol.43 , pp. 490-509
    • Luoh, M.-C.1    Herzog, A.R.2
  • 51
    • 38949095835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The illusion of conscious will and the causation of intentional actions
    • Mele, A. R. (2004). The illusion of conscious will and the causation of intentional actions. Philosophical Topics, 32, 193–213.
    • (2004) Philosophical Topics , vol.32 , pp. 193-213
    • Mele, A.R.1
  • 52
    • 34547659780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Building solidarity through generalized exchange: A theory of reciprocity
    • Molm, L. D., Collett, J. L., & Schaefer, D. R. (2007). Building solidarity through generalized exchange: A theory of reciprocity. American Journal of Sociology, 113, 205–242.
    • (2007) American Journal of Sociology , vol.113 , pp. 205-242
    • Molm, L.D.1    Collett, J.L.2    Schaefer, D.R.3
  • 53
    • 33645060200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doing is for thinking!
    • Mussweiler, T. (2006). Doing is for thinking! Psychological Science, 17, 17–21.
    • (2006) Psychological Science , vol.17 , pp. 17-21
    • Mussweiler, T.1
  • 55
    • 0034242533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mood contagion”: The automatic transfer of mood between persons
    • Neumann, R., & Strack, F. (2000). “Mood contagion”: The automatic transfer of mood between persons. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 211–223.
    • (2000) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.79 , pp. 211-223
    • Neumann, R.1    Strack, F.2
  • 56
    • 84972595613 scopus 로고
    • Bullying or peer abuse at school: Facts and interventions
    • Olweus, D. (1995). Bullying or peer abuse at school: Facts and interventions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4, 196–200.
    • (1995) Current Directions in Psychological Science , vol.4 , pp. 196-200
    • Olweus, D.1
  • 57
    • 84880004833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent progress and core issues in the science of the psychology of religion and spirituality
    • Paloutzian R. F., Park C. L., (eds), 2nd ed., New York, NY: Guilford
    • Paloutzian, R. F., & Park, C. L. (2013). Recent progress and core issues in the science of the psychology of religion and spirituality. In R. F. Paloutzian & C. L. Park (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality (2nd ed., pp. 3–22). New York, NY: Guilford.
    • (2013) Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality , pp. 3-22
    • Paloutzian, R.F.1    Park, C.L.2
  • 58
    • 0013057546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods of coping from the religions of the world: The bar mitzvah, karma, and spiritual healing
    • Snyder C. R., (ed), New York, NY: Oxford University Press
    • Pargament, K. I., Poloma, M. M., & Tarakeshwar, N. (2001). Methods of coping from the religions of the world: The bar mitzvah, karma, and spiritual healing. In C. R. Snyder (Ed.), Coping with stress: Effective people and processes (pp. 259–284). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
    • (2001) Coping with stress: Effective people and processes , pp. 259-284
    • Pargament, K.I.1    Poloma, M.M.2    Tarakeshwar, N.3
  • 60
    • 0004097082 scopus 로고
    • London, UK: Kegan, Paul, Trench, Trubner
    • Piaget, J. (1965). The moral judgment of the child. London, UK: Kegan, Paul, Trench, Trubner. (Original work published 1932)
    • (1965) The moral judgment of the child.
    • Piaget, J.1
  • 61
    • 0004238774 scopus 로고
    • New York, NY: International Universities Press
    • Piaget, J. (1952). The origins of intelligence in children. New York, NY: International Universities Press. (Original work published 1936)
    • (1952) The origins of intelligence in children
    • Piaget, J.1
  • 63
    • 68049139775 scopus 로고
    • The law of karma and the principle of causation
    • Reichenbach, B. R. (1988). The law of karma and the principle of causation. Philosophy East and West, 38, 399–410.
    • (1988) Philosophy East and West , vol.38 , pp. 399-410
    • Reichenbach, B.R.1
  • 64
    • 0001176274 scopus 로고
    • Physical posture: Could it have regulatory or feedback effects on motivation and emotion?
    • Riskind, J. H., & Gotay, C. C. (1982). Physical posture: Could it have regulatory or feedback effects on motivation and emotion? Motivation and Emotion, 6, 273–298.
    • (1982) Motivation and Emotion , vol.6 , pp. 273-298
    • Riskind, J.H.1    Gotay, C.C.2
  • 66
    • 0000280439 scopus 로고
    • The law of cognitive structure activation
    • Sedikides, C., & Skowronski, J. (1991). The law of cognitive structure activation. Psychological Inquiry, 2, 169–184.
    • (1991) Psychological Inquiry , vol.2 , pp. 169-184
    • Sedikides, C.1    Skowronski, J.2
  • 68
    • 0003250109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mental representation and memory
    • Gilbert D. T., Fiske S. T., Lindsey G., (eds), 4th ed., New York, NY: McGraw Hill
    • Smith, E. R. (1998). Mental representation and memory. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindsey (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (4th ed., Vol. 2, pp. 391–445). New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
    • (1998) Handbook of social psychology , vol.2 , pp. 391-445
    • Smith, E.R.1
  • 69
    • 0022298635 scopus 로고
    • What's so unhealthy about hostility? Construct validity and psychosocial correlates of the Cook and Medley Ho scale
    • Smith, T. W., & Frohm, K. D. (1985). What's so unhealthy about hostility? Construct validity and psychosocial correlates of the Cook and Medley Ho scale. Health Psychology, 4, 503–520.
    • (1985) Health Psychology , vol.4 , pp. 503-520
    • Smith, T.W.1    Frohm, K.D.2
  • 70
    • 9344238197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hostility, anger, aggressiveness, and coronary heart disease: An interpersonal perspective on personality, emotion, and health
    • Smith, T. W., Glazer, K., Ruiz, J. M., & Gallo, L. C. (2004). Hostility, anger, aggressiveness, and coronary heart disease: An interpersonal perspective on personality, emotion, and health. Journal of Personality, 72, 1217–1270.
    • (2004) Journal of Personality , vol.72 , pp. 1217-1270
    • Smith, T.W.1    Glazer, K.2    Ruiz, J.M.3    Gallo, L.C.4
  • 72
    • 0141437585 scopus 로고
    • Social perception and interpersonal behavior: On the self-fulfilling nature of social stereotypes
    • Snyder, M., Tanke, E. D., & Berscheid, E. (1977). Social perception and interpersonal behavior: On the self-fulfilling nature of social stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 656–666.
    • (1977) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.35 , pp. 656-666
    • Snyder, M.1    Tanke, E.D.2    Berscheid, E.3
  • 73
    • 0000419076 scopus 로고
    • The role of category accessibility in the interpretation of information about persons: Some determinants and implications
    • Srull, T. K., & Wyer, R. S. (1979). The role of category accessibility in the interpretation of information about persons: Some determinants and implications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1660–1672.
    • (1979) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.37 , pp. 1660-1672
    • Srull, T.K.1    Wyer, R.S.2
  • 74
    • 78649957046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonreciprocal and reciprocal dating violence and injury occurrence among urban youth
    • Swahn, M. H., Alemdar, M., & Whitaker, D. J. (2010). Nonreciprocal and reciprocal dating violence and injury occurrence among urban youth. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 11, 264–268.
    • (2010) Western Journal of Emergency Medicine , vol.11 , pp. 264-268
    • Swahn, M.H.1    Alemdar, M.2    Whitaker, D.J.3
  • 77
    • 84921776447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McDougall G., (ed), Somerville, MA: Wisdom
    • Tsering, T. (2006). Buddhist psychology (G. McDougall, Ed.; Vol. 3). Somerville, MA: Wisdom.
    • (2006) Buddhist psychology , vol.3
    • Tsering, T.1
  • 78
    • 84921720629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutler J. W. C., Newland G., (eds), Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications
    • Tsongkhapa. (2000). The great treatise on the stages of the path to enlightenment (Lamrim Chenmo Translation Committee, Trans., & J. W. C. Cutler & G. Newland, Eds.; Vol. 3). Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications.
    • (2000) The great treatise on the stages of the path to enlightenment , vol.3
  • 79
    • 33645655428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-construal and cooperation: Is the interdependent self more cooperative than the independent self?
    • Utz, S. (2004). Self-construal and cooperation: Is the interdependent self more cooperative than the independent self? Self and Identity, 3, 177–190.
    • (2004) Self and Identity , vol.3 , pp. 177-190
    • Utz, S.1
  • 82
    • 85030675213 scopus 로고
    • Poussin L., Pruden L. M., (eds), Berkeley, CA: Asian Humanities Press
    • Vasubandhu. (1988b). Vasubandhu's Abhidharmakosabhasyam (L. Poussin, Trans., & L. M. Pruden, Ed.) Berkeley, CA: Asian Humanities Press.
    • (1988) Vasubandhu's Abhidharmakosabhasyam
  • 84
    • 0027062752 scopus 로고
    • Some consequences of early harsh discipline: Child aggression and a maladaptive social information processing style
    • Weiss, B., Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E., & Pettit, G. S. (1992). Some consequences of early harsh discipline: Child aggression and a maladaptive social information processing style. Child Development, 63, 1321–1335.
    • (1992) Child Development , vol.63 , pp. 1321-1335
    • Weiss, B.1    Dodge, K.A.2    Bates, J.E.3    Pettit, G.S.4
  • 85
    • 67649526317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principles of mental representation
    • Kruglanski A. W., Higgins E. T., (eds), 2nd ed., New York, NY: Guilford
    • Wyer, R. S. (2007). Principles of mental representation. In A. W. Kruglanski & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (2nd ed., pp. 285–307). New York, NY: Guilford.
    • (2007) Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles , pp. 285-307
    • Wyer, R.S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.