Inhibitory Mechanisms and the Control of Attention

Variation in Working Memory

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages

  Hasher, Lynn ^a   Lustig, Cindy ^b   Zacks, Rose ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^c MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cognitive domains; Executive control; Inhibitory processes; Processing system

Indexed keywords

EID: 84921591500     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195168648.003.0009     Document Type: Chapter

References (161)

1. Alba, J. W., & Hasher, L. (1983). Is memory schematic? Psychological Bulletin, 93, 203-231.
2. Allport, A. (1989). Visual attention. In M. I. Posner (Ed.), Foundations of cognitive science, pp 631-682. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
3. Anderson, J. R., & Bower, G. H. (1973). Human associative memory. Oxford: V.H. Winston & Sons.
4. Arbuckle, T. Y., & Gold, D. P. (1993) Aging, inhibition and verbosity. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Science, 48, P225-P232.
5. Arnsten, A.F.T. (1998). Catecholamine modulation of prefrontal cortical cognitive function. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2, 436-437.
6. Aston-Jones, G., Chen, S., Zhu, Y., & Oshinsky, M.L. (2001). A neural circuit for circadian regulation of arousal. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 732-738.
7. Aston-Jones, G., Rajkowski, J., & Cohen, J. (1999). Role of locus coeruleus in attention and behavioral flexibility. Biological Psychiatry, 46, 1309-1320.
8. Baddeley, A. D. (1986). Working memory. New York: Oxford University Press.
9. Baddeley, A. D. (1992). Working memory. Science, 255, 556-559.
10. Baddeley, A. D. (2000). The episodic buffer: a new component of working memory? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 417-423.
11. Baddeley, A. D. (2003). Working memory: Looking forward and looking backward. Nature Reviews: Neuroscience, 4, 829-839.
12. Baddeley, A. D., & Hitch, G. (1974). Working memory. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. 8, pp. 47-89). New York: Academic Press.
13. Berridge, C. W., Arnsten, A. F.T., & Foote, S. L. (1993). Noradrenergic modulation of cognitive function: Clinical implications of anatomical, electrophysiological, and behavioural studies in animal models. Psychological Medicine, 23, 557-564.
14. Bodenhausen, G. V. (1990). Stereotypes as judgmental heuristics: Evidence of circadian variations in discrimination. Psychological Science, 1, 319-322.
15. Bowles, R. P., & Salthouse, T. A. (2003). Assessing the age-related effects of proactive interference on working memory tasks using the Rasch model. Psychology and Aging, 18, 608-615.
16. Braver, T. S., & Barch, D. M. (2002). A theory of cognitive control, aging cognition, and neuromodulation. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 26, 809-817.
17. Brush, L. N., & Postle, B. R. (2003). Neural mechanisms underlying the control of itemspecific and item-nonspecific proactive interference in human working memory. Presented at the Society for Neuroscience 33rd Annual Meeting, New Orleans, November 8-12.
18. Bunting, M. F. (2006). Proactive interference and item similarity in working memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory & cognition, 32, 183-196.
19. Butler, K. M., Zacks, R. T., & Henderson, J. M. (1999). Suppression of reflexive saccades in younger and older adults: Age comparisons on antisaccade task. Memory & Cognition, 27, 584-591.
20. Cabeza, R. (2002). Hemispheric asymmetry in older adults: The HAROLD model. Psychology and Aging, 17, 85-100.
21. Cabeza, R., Dolcos, F., Prince, S. E., Rice, H. J., Weissman, D.H.,&Nyberg, L. (2003). Attention-related activity during episodic memory retrieval: A cross-function fMRI study. Neuropsychologia, 41, 390-399.
22. Cameli, L., & Phillips, N. A. (2000). Age-related differences in semantic priming: Evidence from event-related brain potentials. Brain and Cognition, 43, 69-73.
23. Carlson, M. C., Hasher, L., Connelly, S. L., & Zacks, R. T. (1995). Aging, distraction, and the benefits of predictable location. Psychology and Aging, 10, 427-436.
24. Carson, S. H., Peterson, J. B., & Higgins, D. M. (2003). Decreased latent inhibition is associated with increased creative achievement in high-functioning individuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 499-506.
25. Carstensen, L. L., & Löckenhoff, C. E. (2003). Aging, emotion, and evolution. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1000, 152-179.
26. Cermakian, N., & Boivin, D. B. (2003). A molecular perspective of human circadian rhythm disorders. Brain Research Reviews, 42, 204-220.
27. Chiappe, P., Hasher, L., & Siegel, L. S. (2000). Working memory, inhibitory control and reading disability. Memory & Cognition, 28, 8-17.
28. Chiappe, P., Siegel, L. S., & Hasher, L. (2002). Working memory, inhibition, and reading skill. In S. P. Shohov (Ed.), Advances in psychology research (Vol. 9, pp. 30-51). Huntington, NY: Nova Science Publishers.
29. Connelly, S. L., Hasher, L., & Zacks, R. T. (1991). Age and reading: The impact of distraction. Psychology and Aging, 6, 533-541.
30. Conway, A. P. A., Cowan, N., & Bunting, M. F. (2001). The cocktail party phenomenon revisited: The importance of working memory capacity. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8, 331-335.
31. Cowan, N. (1993). Activation, attention, and shorttermmemory. Memory&Cognition, 21, 162-167.
32. Craik, F. I. M., Govoni, R., Naveh-Benjamin, M., & Anderson, N. D. (1996). The effects of divided attention on encoding and retrieval processes in human memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 125, 159-180.
33. Csikszentmihalyi, M., Rathunde, K., & Whalen, S. (1993). Talented teenagers: The roots of success and failure. New York: Cambridge University Press.
34. Daneman, M., & Carpenter, P. A. (1980). Individual differences in working memory and reading. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 19, 450-466.
35. Daneman, M., & Merikle, P. M. (1996). Working memory and language comprehension: A metaanalysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 3, 422-433.
36. Deese, J. (1959). On the prediction of occurrence of particular verbal intrusions in immediate recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58, 17-22.
37. Demspter, F. N. (1991). Inhibitory processes: A neglected dimension of intelligence. Intelligence, 15, 157-173.
38. Duchek, J. M., Balota, D. A., & Thessing, V. C. (1998). Inhibition of visual and conceptual information during reading in healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 5, 169-181.
39. Dykes, M., & McGhie, A. (1976). A comparative study of attentional strategies of schizophrenic and highly creative normal subjects. British Journal of Psychiatry, 128, 50-56.
40. Dywan, J., & Murphy, W. E. (1996). Aging and inhibitory control in text comprehension. Psychology and Aging, 11, 199-206.
41. Edgar, D. M. (1994). Sleep-wake circadian cycles and aging: Potential etiologies and relevance to age-related changes in integrated physiological systems. Neurobiology of Aging, 15, 499-501.
42. Engle, R. W. (2002). Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 19-23.
43. Engle, R. W., Cantor, J., & Carullo, J. J. (1992). Individual differences in working memory and comprehension: A test of four hypotheses. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Learning, Memory and Cognition, 18, 972-992.
44. Engle, R. W., Tuholski, S. W., Laughlin, J. E., & Conway, A. R. A. (1999). Working memory, short-term memory, and general fluid intelligence: A latent-variable approach. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 128, 309-331.
45. Eysenck, H. J. (1995). Creativity as a product of intelligence and personality. In D. Saklofske & M. Zeidner (Eds.), International handbook of personality and intelligence:Perspectives on individual differences (pp. 231-247). New York: Plenum Press.
46. Fernandes, M. A., & Moscovitch, M. (2000). Divided attention and memory: Evidence of substantial interference effects at retrieval and encoding. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 129, 155-176.
47. Foote, S. L., Berridge, C. W., Adams, L. M., & Pineda, J. A. (1991). Electrophysiological evidence for the involvement of the locus coeruleus in alerting, orienting, and attending. Progress in Brain Research, 88, 521-532.
48. Friedman, N. P., & Miyake, A. (2004). The relations among inhibition and interference control functions: a latent variable analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 133, 309-331.
49. Geisler, M. W., & Polich, J. (1990). P300 and time of day: Circadian rhythms, food intake, and body temperature. Biological Psychology, 31, 117-136.
50. Geisler, M. W., & Polich, J. (1992). P300 and individual differences: Morning/evening activity preference, food, and time-of-day. Psychophysiology, 29, 86-94.
51. Gerard, L., Zacks, R. T., Hasher, L., & Radvansky, G. A. (1991). Age deficits in retrieval:The fan effect. Journal of Gerontology, 46, P131-P136.
52. Gernsbacher, M. A., & Faust, M. E. (1991). The mechanism of suppression: A component of general comprehension skill. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 17, 245-262.
53. Giffard, B., Desgranges, B., Kerrouche, N., Piolino, P., & Eustache, F. (2003). The hyperpriming phenomenon in normal aging: A consequence of cognitive slowing? Neuropsychology, 17, 594-601.
54. Goldstein, D., Hahn, C., Hasher, L., & Zelazo, P. (2006). Circadian arousal and intellectual performance in adolescents. Manuscript submitted for publication.
55. Grady, C. L., & Craik, F. I. M. (2000). Changes in memory processing with age. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 10, 224-231.
56. Greenberg, R., & Underwood, B. J. (1950). Retention as a function of stage of practice. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 40, 452-457.
57. Hamm, V. P., & Hasher, L. (1992). Age and the availability of inferences. Psychology and Aging, 7, 56-64.
58. Harnishfeger, K. K., & Bjorklund, D. F. (1994). A developmental perspective on individual differences in inhibition. Learning and Individual Differences, 6, 331-355.
59. Hartman, M., & Hasher, L. (1991). Aging and suppression: Memory for previously relevant information. Psychology and Aging, 6, 587-594.
60. Hasher, L., Goldstein, D., & May, C. P. (2005). It's about time: Circadian rhythms, memory, and aging. In C. Izawa & N. Ohta (Eds.), Human learning and memory:Advances in theory and application (pp. 199-217). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
61. Hasher, L., Tonev, S. T., Lustig, C., & Zacks, R. T. (2001). Inhibitory control, environmental support, and self-initiated processing in aging. In M. Naveh-Benjamin, M. Moscovitch, & H. Roediger, III (Eds.), Perspectives on humanmemory and cognitive aging: Essays in honour of Fergus Craik (pp. 286-297). Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
62. Hasher, L., & Zacks, R. T. (1979). Automatic and effortful processes in memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 108, 356-388.
63. Hasher, L., & Zacks, R. T. (1988). Working memory, comprehension, and aging: A review and new view. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. 22, pp. 193-225). New York: Academic Press.
64. Hasher, L., Zacks, R. T., & May, C. P. (1999). Inhibitory control, circadian arousal, and age. In D. Gopher & A. Koriat, (Eds.), Attention and performance XVII: Cognitive regulation of performance: Interaction of theory and application (pp. 653-675). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
65. Higuchi, S., Liu, Y., Yuasa, T., Maeda, A., & Motohashi, Y. (2000). Diurnal variation in the P300 component of human cognitive eventrelated potential. Chronobiology International, 17, 669-678.
66. Hofman, M. A. (2000). The human circadian clock and aging. Chronobiology International, 17, 245-259.
67. Horne, J. A., & Ostberg, O. (1976). A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningnesseveningness in human circadian rhythms. International Journal of Chronobiology, 4, 97-110.
68. Hur, Y., Bouchard, T. J., & Lykken, D. T. (1998). Genetic and environmental influence on morningness-eveningness. Personality and Individual Differences, 25, 917-925.
69. Just, M. A., & Carpenter, P. A. (1992). A capacity theory of comprehension: Individual differences in working memory. Psychological Review, 99, 122-149.
70. Kahneman, D. (1973). Attention and effort. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
71. Kail, R. (1993). Processing time decreases globally at an exponential rate during childhood and adolescence. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 56, 254-265.
72. Kane, M. J., Bleckley, M. K., Conway, A. R. A., & Engle, R. W. (2001). A controlled-attention view of working-memory capacity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130, 169-183.
73. Kane, M. J., & Engle, R.W. (2000). Workingmemory capacity, proactive interference, and divided attention: Limits on long-term memory retrieval. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26, 336-358.
74. Kane, M. J., & Engle, R. W. (2003). Working memory capacity and the control of attention:The contributions of goal neglect, response competition, and task set to Stroop interference. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 132, 47-70.
75. Kane, M. J., & Hasher, L. (1995). Interference. In G. Maddox (Ed.), The encyclopedia of aging (2nd ed., pp. 514-516). New York: Springer-Verlag.
76. Karlsson, P., Farde, L., & Halldin, C. (2000). Circadian rhythm in central D1-like dopamine receptors examined by PET. Presented at the Third International Symposium on Functional Neuroreceptor Mapping, New York, June.
77. Keppel, G., Postman, L., & Zavortink, B. (1968). Studies of learning to learn: VIII. The influence of massive amounts of training upon the learning and retention of pairedassociate lists. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 7, 790-796.
78. Kerkhof, G. A., & Lancel, M. (1991). EEG slowwave activity, REM-sleep, and rectal temperature during night and day sleep in morning-type and evening-type subjects. Psychophysiology, 28, 678-688.
79. Kim, S., Dueker, G. L., Hasher, L., & Goldstein, D. (2002). Children's time of day preference: Age, gender, and ethnic differences. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 1083-1090.
80. Kim, S., Hasher, L.,&Zacks, R. T. (in press). A benefit of heightened susceptibility to distraction: An aging study. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review.
81. Laver, G. D. (2000). A speed-accuracy analysis of word recognition in young and older adults. Psychology and Aging, 15, 705-709.
82. Li, K. Z. H., Hasher, L., Jonas, D., Rahhal, T., & May, C. P. (1998). Distractability, circadian arousal, and aging: A boundary condition? Psychology and Aging, 13, 574-583.
83. Li, S., & Sikström, S. (2002). Integrative neurocomputational perspectives on cognitive aging, neuromodulation, and representation. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 26, 795-808.
84. Logan, J. M., Sanders, A. L., Snyder, A. Z., Morris, J. C., & Buckner, R. L. (2002). Underrecruitment and nonselective recruitment: Dissociable neural mechanisms associated with aging. Neuron, 33, 827-840.
85. Lustig, C., & Hasher, L. (2001). Implicit memory is not immune to interference. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 618-628.
86. Lustig, C., & Hasher, L. (2002). Working memory span: The effect of prior learning. American Journal of Psychology, 115, 89-101.
87. Lustig, C., Hasher, L., & Tonev, S. (in press). Distraction as a determinant of processing speed. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review.
88. Lustig, C., May, C. P., & Hasher, L. (2001). Working memory span and the role of proactive interference. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130, 199-207.
89. Lustig, C. & Meck, W. H. (2001). Paying attention to time as one gets older. Psychological Science, 12, 478-484.
90. Mack, A., & Rock, I. (1998). Inattentional blindness: Perception without attention. In R. D. Wright (Ed.), Visual attention: Vancouver studies in cognitive science (Vol. 8, pp. 55-76). New York: Oxford University Press.
91. MacLeod, C. M., Dodd, M. D., Sheard, E. D., Wilson, D. E., & Bibi, U. (2003). In opposition to inhibition. In B. H. Ross (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 43, pp. 163-214). San Diego: Academic Press.
92. Manly, T., Lewis, G. H., Robertson, I. H., Watson, P. C., & Datta, A. K. (2002). Coffee in the cornflakes: Time-of-day as a modulator of executive response control. Neuropsychologia, 40, 1-6.
93. May, C. P. (1999). Synchrony effects in cognition: The costs and a benefit. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 6, 142-147.
94. May, C. P., & Hasher, L. (1998). Synchrony effects in inhibitory control over thought and action. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24, 363-379.
95. May, C. P., Hasher, L., & Foong, N. (2005). Implicit memory, age and time of day:Paradoxical priming effects. Psychological Science, 16, 96-100.
96. May, C. P., Hasher, L., & Kane, M. J. (1999). The role of interference in memory span. Memory & Cognition, 27, 759-767.
97. May, C. P., Hasher, L., & Stoltzfus, E. R. (1993). Optimal time of day and the magnitude of age differences in memory. Psychological Science, 4, 326-330.
98. May, C. P., Kane, M. J., & Hasher, L. (1995). Determinants of negative priming. Psychological Bulletin, 118, 35-54.
99. May, C. P., Rahhal, T., Berry, E. M., & Leighton, E. A. (2005). Aging, source memory, and emotion. Psychology and Aging, 20, 571-578.
100. May, C. P., Zacks, R. T., Hasher, L., & Multhaup, K. S. (1999). Inhibition in the processing of garden-path sentences. Psychology and Aging, 14, 304-313.
101. McDowd, J. M., & Filion, D. L. (1992). Aging, selective attention, and inhibitory processes:A psychophysiological approach. Psychology and Aging, 7, 65-71.
102. Miller, E. K., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 24, 167-202.
103. Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex "frontal lobe" tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41, 49-100.
104. Monk, T. H., & Kupfer, D. J. (2000). Circadian rhythms in healthy aging: Effects downstream from the pacemaker. Chronobiology International, 17, 355-368.
105. Moscovitch, M., & Winocur, G. (1995). Frontal lobes, memory, and aging. In J. Gragman, K. J. Holyoak, & B. Boller (Eds.) Structure and functions of the human prefrontal cortex (pp. 119-150). New York: New York Academy of Sciences.
106. Most, S. B., Simons, D. J., Scholl, B. J., Jimenez, R., Clifford, E., & Chabris, C. F. (2001). How not to be seen: The contribution of similarity and selective ignoring to sustained inattentional blindness. Psychological Science, 12, 9-17.
107. Muraven, M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2000). Selfregulation and depletion of limited resources: Does self-control resemble a muscle? Psychological Bulletin, 126, 247-259.
108. Navon, D. (1984). Resources-A theoretical soupstone? Psychological Review, 91, 216-234.
109. Nelson, J. K., Reuter-Lorenz, P. A., Sylvester, C. Y. C., Jonides, J., & Smith, E. E. (2003). Dissociable neural mechanisms underlying response-based and familiarity-based conflict in working memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 19, 11171-11175.
110. Nigg, J. T. (2001). Is ADHD a disinhibitory disorder? Psychological Bulletin, 127, 571-598.
111. Park, D. C., Polk, T. A., Mikels, J. A., Taylor, S. F., & Marshuetz, C. (2001). Cerebral aging:Integration of brain and behavioral models of cognitive function. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 3, 151-166.
112. Park, D. C., Smith, A. D., Lautenschlager, G., Earles, J. L., Frieske, D., Zwahr, M., & Gaines, C. (1996). Mediators of long-term memory performance across the life span. Psychology and Aging, 11, 621-637.
113. Persad, C. C. (2001). The role of inhibition in working memory performance associated with age. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 61, 4440.
114. Persad, C. C., Abeles, N., Zacks, R. T., & Denburg, N. L. (2002). Inhibitory changes after age 60 and the relationship to measures of attention and memory. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 57B, P223-P232.
115. Phillips, N. A., & Lesperance, D. (2003). Breaking the waves: Age differences in electrical brain activity when reading text with distractors. Psychology and Aging, 18, 126-139.
116. Plude, D. J., & Hoyer, W. J. (1986). Age and the selectivity of visual information processing. Psychology and Aging, 1, 4-10.
117. Polich, J. (1996). Meta-analysis of P300 normative aging studies. Psychophysiology, 33, 334-353.
118. Polich, J., & Kok, A. (1995). Cognitive and biological determinants of P300: An integrative review. Biological Psychology, 41, 103-146.
119. Postle, B. R., Berger, J. S., Goldstein, J. H., Curtis, C. E., & D'Esposito, M. (2001). Behavioral and neurophysiological correlates of episodic coding, proactive interference, and list length effects in a running span verbal working memory task. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 1, 10-21.
120. Radvansky, G. A., & Curiel, J. M. (1998). Narrative comprehension and aging: The fate of completed goal information. Psychology and Aging, 13, 69-79.
121. Rahhal, T. A., Hasher, L., & Colcombe, S. (2001). Instructional differences and age differences in memory: Now you see them, now you don't. Psychology and Aging, 16, 697-706.
122. Rahhal, T. A., May, C. P.,&Hasher, L. (2002). Truth and character: Sources that older adults can remember. Psychological Science, 13, 101-105.
123. Raine, A., Benishay, D., Lencz, T., & Scarpa, A. (1997). Abnormal orienting in schizotypal personality disorder. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 23, 101-105.
124. Ranganath, C., Johnson, M. K., & D'Esposito, M. (2003). Prefrontal activity associated with working memory and episodic long-term memory. Neuropsychologia, 41, 378-389.
125. Raz, N. (2000). Aging of the brain and its impact on cognitive performance: Integration of structural and functional findings. In F. I. M. Craik & T. A. Salthouse (Eds.), The handbook of aging and cognition (2nd ed., pp. 1-90). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
126. Reder, L., & Kusbit, G. W. (1991). Locus of the Moses illusion: Imperfect encoding, retrieval, or match. Journal of Memory and Language, 30, 385-406.
127. Reuter-Lorenz, P. A. (2002). New visions of the aging mind and brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 394-400.
128. Reuter-Lorenz, P. A., & Lustig, C. (2005). Brain aging: Reorganizing discoveries about the aging mind. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 15, 245-251.
129. Reuter-Lorenz, P. A., Marschuetz, C., Jonides, J., Hartley, A., & Koeppe, R. (2001). Neurocognitive aging of storage and executive processes. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 13, 257-278.
130. Roediger, H. L., III, & McDermott, K. B. (1995). Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 803-814.
131. Rokeach, M. (1976). Beliefs, attitudes and values: A theory of organization and change. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
132. Rowe, G., Turcotte, J., & Hasher, L. (2006). Proactive interference in a working memory span tasks. Manuscript in preparation.
133. Rowe, G., Valderrama, S., Lenartowicz, A., & Hasher, L. (in press). Attentional disregulation: A benefit for implicit memory. Psychology and Aging.
134. Rubin, D. C. (1999). Frontal-striatal circuits in cognitive aging: Evidence for caudate involvement. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 6, 241-259.
135. Salthouse, T. A. (1996). The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition. Psychological Review, 103, 403-428.
136. Shallice, T., & Burgess, P. (1993). Supervisory control of action and thought selection. In A. D. Baddeley & L. Weiskrantz (Eds.), Attention: Selection, awareness, and control: A tribute to Donald Broadbent (pp. 171-187). New York: Oxford University Press.
137. Swick, D., Pineda, J. A., Schacher, S., & Foote, S. L. (1994). Locus-coeruleus neuronalactivity in awake monkeys: Relationship to auditory P300-like potentials and spontaneous EEG. Experimental Brain Research, 101, 86-92.
138. Sylvester, C. Y., Wager, T. D., Lacey, S. C., Hernandez, L., Nichols, T. E., Smith, E. E., & Jonides, J. (2003). Switching attention and resolving interference: fMRI measures of executive functions. Neuropsychologia, 41, 357-370.
139. Tentori, K., Osherson, D., Hasher, L., & May, C. (2001). Wisdom and aging: Irrational preferences in college students but not older adults. Cognition, 81, B87-B96.
140. Tun, P. A., O'Kane, G., & Wingfield, A. (2002). Distraction by competing speech in young and older adult listeners. Psychology and Aging, 17, 453-467.
141. Underwood, B. J. (1957). Interference and forgetting. Psychological Review, 64, 49-60.
142. Underwood, B. J. (1965). False recognition produced by implicit verbal responses. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70, 122-129.
143. Volkow, N. D., Gur, R. C., Wang, G. J., Fowler, J. S., Moberg, P. J., Ding, Y. S., Hitzeman, R., Smith, G., & Logan, J. (1998). Association between decline in dopamine activity with age and cognitive and motor impairment in healthy individuals. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 344-349.
144. Watkins, M. J., & Watkins, O. C. (1976). Cue-overload theory and the method of interpolated attributes. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 7, 289-291.
145. Weinert, D. (2000). Age-dependent changes of the circadian system. Chronobiology International, 17, 261-283.
146. Wenzlaff, R. M., & Wegner, D. M. (2000). Thought suppression. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 59-91.
147. West, R. L. (1996). An application of prefrontal cortex function theory to cognitive aging. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 272-292.
148. West, R. L. (2000). In defense of the frontal lobe hypothesis of cognitive aging. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 6, 727-729.
149. West, R., Murphy, K. J., Armilio, M. L., Craik, F. I. M., & Stuss, D. T. (2002). Effects of time of day on age differences in working memory. Journals of Gerontology: Series B:Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 57B, P3-P10.
150. Winocur, G., & Hasher, L. (1999). Aging and time-of-day on cognition in rats. Behavioral Neuroscience, 113, 991-997.
151. Winocur, G., & Hasher, L. (2002). Circadian rhythms and memory in aged humans and animals. In L. R. Squire & D. L. Schacter (Eds.), Neuropsychology of memory (3rd ed., pp. 273-285). New York: Guilford Press.
152. Winocur, G., & Hasher, L. (2004). Age and time-ofday effects on learning and memory in a nonmatching-to-sample test. Neurobiology of Aging, 25, 1107-1115.
153. Wirz-Justice, A. (1984). Dopamine receptor rhythms. Biological Psychiatry, 19, 1274-1276.
154. Wirz-Justice, A. (1987). Circadian rhythms in mammalian neurotransmitter receptors. Progress in Neurobiology, 29, 219-259.
155. Yoon, C., May, C. P., & Hasher, L. (2000). Aging, circadian arousal patterns, and cognition. In D. C. Park & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Cognitive aging: A primer (pp. 151-171). Philadelphia:Psychology Press.
156. Yoon, C., May, C. P., Goldstein, D., & Hasher, L. (in press). Aging, circadian arousal patterns, and cognition. In D. C. Park & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Cognitive aging: A primer (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
157. Zacks, R. T., & Hasher, L. (1994). Directed ignoring: Inhibitory regulation of working memory. In D. Dagenbach & T. H. Carr (Eds.), Inhibitory processes in attention, memory, and language (pp. 241-264). San Diego: Academic Press.
158. Zacks, R. T., Hasher, L., & Li, K. Z. H. (2000). Human memory. In F. I. M. Craik & T. A. Salthouse (Eds), The handbook of aging and cognition (2nd ed., pp. 293-357). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
159. Zacks, R. T., Radvansky, G. A., & Hasher, L. (1996). Studies of directed forgetting in older adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22, 143-156.
160. Zacks, J. L., & Zacks, R. T. (1993). Visual search times assessed without reaction times: A new method and an application to aging. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 19, 798-813.
161. Zechmeister, E. G., & Nyberg, S. E. (1982). Human memory: An introduction to research and theory. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.