Catchment classification framework in hydrology: Challenges and directions

Journal of Hydrologic Engineering

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 2015, Pages

  Sivakumar, Bellie ^a   Singh, Vijay P ^b   Berndtsson, Ronny ^c   Khan, Shakera K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

^b TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Catchment classification; Hydrologic modeling; Networks; Nonlinear dynamics; System complexity

Indexed keywords

CLASSIFICATION (OF INFORMATION); COMPLEX NETWORKS; DATA MINING; DYNAMICS; LAND USE; NETWORKS (CIRCUITS); RUNOFF;

CATCHMENT CLASSIFICATIONS; CLASSIFICATION FRAMEWORK; HYDROCLIMATIC FACTORS; HYDROLOGIC MODELING; HYDROLOGIC SIMILARITY; MATHEMATICAL SOPHISTICATION; STRUCTURAL COMPLEXITY; SYSTEM COMPLEXITY;

CATCHMENTS;

CATCHMENT; COMPLEXITY; DATA MINING; ECOHYDROLOGY; FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY; GEOSTATISTICS; HYDROLOGICAL MODELING; LAND USE; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; NONLINEARITY;

EID: 84921044474     PISSN: 10840699     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000837     Document Type: Article

References (184)

1. Abarbanel, H. D. I. (1996). Analysis of observed chaotic data, Springer, New York.
2. Acreman, M. C., and Sinclair, C. D. (1986). "Classification of drainage basins according to their physical characteristics: An application for flood frequency analysis". J. Hydrol., 84(3-4), 365-380.
3. Albert, A., Jeong, H., and Barabási, A.-L. (1999). "Diameter of the world wide web". Nature, 401(6749), 130-131.
4. Ali, G., Tetzlaff, D., Soulsby, C., McDonnell, J. J., and Capell, R. (2012). "A comparison of similarity indices for catchment classification using a cross-regional dataset". Adv. Water Resour., 40, 11-22.
5. Amorocho, J. (1967). "The nonlinear prediction problems in the study of the runoff cycle". Water Resour. Res., 3(3), 861-880.
6. Amorocho, J., and Brandstetter, A. (1971). "Determination of nonlinear functional response functions in rainfall-runoff processes". Water Resour. Res., 7(5), 1087-1101.
7. Argent, R. M. (2004). "An overview of model integration for environmental applications-Components, frameworks and semantics". Environ. Modell. Software, 19(3), 219-234.
8. Bai, Y., Wagener, T., and Reed, P. (2009). "A top-down framework for watershed model evaluation and selection under uncertainty". Environ. Modell. Software, 24(8), 901-916.
9. Bailly-Comte, V., Jourde, H., and Pistre, S. (2009). "Conceptualization and classification of groundwater-surface water hydrodynamic interactions in karst watersheds: Case of the karst watershed of the Coulazou River (Southern France)". J. Hydrol., 376(3-4), 456-462.
10. Barabási, A.-L. (2002). Linked: The new science of networks, Perseus, Cambridge, MA.
11. Barabási, A.-L., and Albert, R. (1999). "Emergence of scaling in random networks". Science, 286(5439), 509-512.
12. Barrat, A., Barthélemy, M., and Vespinani, A. (2008). Dynamical processes on complex networks, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
13. Bates, J. E., and Shepard, H. K. (1993). "Measuring complexity using information fluctuation". Phys. Lett. A, 172(6), 416-425.
14. Beckinsale, R. P. (1969). "River regimes". Water, earth, and man, R. J. Chorley, ed., Methuen, London, 455-471.
15. Bergström, S. (1995). "The HBV model". Computer models of watershed hydrology, V. P. Singh, ed., Water Resources Publications, Littleton, CO, 443-476.
16. Beven, K. J. (2002). "Uncertainty and the detection of structural change in models of environmental systems". Environmental foresight and models: A manifesto, M. B. Beck, ed., Elsevier, Oxford, U.K., 227-250.
17. Bocchiola, D., et al. (2011). "Prediction of future hydrological regimes in poorly gauged high altitude basins: The case study of the upper Indus, Pakistan". Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15(7), 2059-2075.
18. Bouchaud, J.-P., and Mezard, M. (2000). "Wealth condensation in a simple model of economy". Physica A, 282(3-4), 536-545.
19. Boughton, W. (2004). "The Australian water balance model". Environ. Modell. Softw., 19(10), 943-956.
20. Bouma, J., et al. (2011). "Hydropedological insights when considering catchment classification". Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15(6), 1909-1919.
21. Bower, D., Hannah, D. M., and McGregor, G. R. (2004). "Techniques for assessing the climatic sensitivity of river flow regimes". Hydrol. Processes, 18(13), 2515-2543.
22. Budyko, M. I. (1974). Climate and life, Academic Press, New York.
23. Burn, D. H., and Boorman, D. B. (1992). "Catchment classification applied to the estimation of hydrological parameters at ungauged catchments". Institute of Hydrology Rep. No. 118, Wallingford, U.K.
24. Carillo, G., Troch, P. A., Sivapalan, M., Wagener, T., Harman, C., and Sawicz, K. (2011). "Catchment classification: Hydrological analysis of catchment behavior through process-based modeling along a climate gradient". Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15(11), 3411-3430.
25. Casper, M. C., et al. (2012). "Analysis of projected hydrologic behavior of catchments based on signature indices". Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16(2), 409-421.
26. Castellarin, A., Claps, P., Troch, P. A., Wagener, T., and Woods, R. (2011). "Catchment classification and PUB". Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.
27. Castiglioni, S., Castellarin, A., Montanari, A., Skøien, J. O., Laaha, G., and Blöschl, G. (2011). "Smooth regional estimation of low-flow indices: Physiographical space based interpolation and top-kriging". Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15(3), 715-727.
28. Chapman, T. (1989). "Classification of regions". Comparative hydrology: An ecological approach to land and water resources, M. Falkenmark and T. Chapman, eds., UNESCO, Paris, 67-74.
29. Chen, J., and Adams, B. J. (2006). "Integration of artificial neural networks with conceptual models in rainfall-runoff modeling". J. Hydrol., 318(1-4), 232-249.
30. Chow, V. T. (1964). Handbook of applied hydrology, McGraw-Hill, New York.
31. Claussen, B., and Biggs, B. J. F. (2000). "Flow variables for ecological studies in temperate streams: Groupings based on covariance". J. Hydrol., 237(3-4), 184-197.
32. Cornacchio, J. V. (1977). "Maximum-entropy complexity measures". Int. J. Gen. Syst., 3(4), 215-225.
33. Dahl, M., Nilsson, B., Langhoff, J. H., and Refsgaard, J. C. (2007). "Review of classification systems and new multi-scale typology of groundwater-surface water interaction". J. Hydrol., 344(1-2), 1-16.
34. Detenbeck, N. E., et al. (2000). "A test for watershed classification systems for ecological risk assessment". Environ. Toxic. Chem., 19(4), 1174-1181.
35. Di Prinzio, M., Castellarin, A., and Toth, E. (2011). "Data-driven catchment classification: Application to the pub problem". Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15(6), 1921-1935.
36. Dooge, J. C. I. (1967). "A new approach to nonlinear problems in surface water hydrology". Commission on Surface Waters, Int. Association for Scientific Hydrology, Proc., General Assembly of Berne, IAHS Publication, 409-413.
37. Dooge, J. C. I. (1968). "The hydrologic cycle as a closed system". Int. Assoc. Sci. Hydrol. Bull., 13(1), 58-68.
38. Dooge, J. C. I. (1986). "Looking for hydrologic laws". Water Resour. Res., 22(9), 46S-58S.
39. Englehardt, S., Matyssek, R., and Huwe, B. (2009). "Complexity and information propagation in hydrologic time series of mountain forest catchments". Eur. J. Forest. Res., 128(6), 621-631.
40. Érdi, P. (2008). Complexity explained, Springer, Berlin.
41. Erdos, P., and Rényi, A. (1960). "On the evolution of random graphs". Publ. Math. Inst. Hung. Acad. Sci., 5, 17-61.
42. Farmer, D. J., and Sidorowich, J. J. (1987). "Predicting chaotic time series". Phys. Rev. Lett., 59(8), 845-848.
43. Feldman, A. D. (2000). "Hydrologic modeling system HEC-HMS technical reference manual". U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Hydrologic Engineering Center, Davis, CA.
44. Ferdinand, A. E. (1974). "A theory of system complexity". Int. J. Gen. Syst., 1(1), 19-33.
45. Fleckenstein, J. H., Niswonger, R. G., and Fogg, G. E. (2006). "River-aquifer interactions, geologic heterogeneity, and low-flow management". Ground Water, 44(6), 837-852.
46. Gassman, P. W., Reyes, M. R., Green, C. H., and Arnold, J. G. (2007). "The soil and water assessment tool: Historical development, applications, and future research directions". Trans. ASABE, 50(4), 1211-1250.
47. Gioia, A., Iacobellis, V., Manfreda, S., and Fiorentino, M. (2012). "Influence of infiltration and soil storage capacity on the skewness of the annual maximum flood peaks in a theoretically derived distribution". Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16(3), 937-951.
48. Goerner, S. J. (1994). Chaos and the evolving ecological universe, Gordon and Breach, New York.
49. Gottschalk, L., Jensen, J. L., Lundquist, D., Solantie, R., and Tollan, A. (1979). "Hydrologic regions in the Nordic countries". Hydrol. Res., 10(5), 273-286.
50. Grasby, S. E., Hutcheon, I., and MacFarland, L. (1999). "Surface-water-groundwater interaction and the influence of ion exchange reactions on river chemistry". Geology, 27(3), 223-226.
51. Grassberger, P. (1986). "Toward a quantitative theory of self-generated complexity". Int. J. Theor. Phys., 25(9), 907-938.
52. Grassberger, P., and Procaccia, I. (1983). "Estimation of the Kolmogorov entropy from a chaotic signal". Phys. Rev. A, 28(4), 2591-2593.
53. Grassberger, P., and Procaccia, I. (1983). "Measuring the strangeness of strange attractors". Physica D, 9(1-2), 189-208.
54. Grayson, R. B., and Blöschl, G. (2000). Spatial patterns in catchment hydrology: Observations and modeling, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
55. Gupta, V. K., Mantilla, R., Troutman, B. M., Dawdy, D., and Krajewski, W. F. (2010). "Generalizing a nonlinear geophysical flood theory to medium-sized river networks". Geophys. Res. Lett., 37(11), L11402.
56. Haines, A. T., Finlayson, B. L., and McMahon, T. A. (1988). "A global classification of river regimes". Appl. Geogr., 8(4), 255-272.
57. Hall, M. J., and Minns, A. W. (1999). "The classification of hydrologically homogeneous regions". Hydrol. Sci. J., 44(5), 693-704.
58. Harris, N. M., Gurnell, A. M., Hannah, D. M., and Petts, G. E. (2000). "Classification of river regimes: A context for hydroecology". Hydrol. Processes, 14(16-17), 2831-2848.
59. Hatch, C. E., Fisher, A. T., Revenaugh, J. S., Constantz, J., and Ruehl, C. (2006). "Quantifying surface water-groundwater interactions using time series analysis of streambed thermal records: Method development". Water Resour. Res., 42(10), W10410.
60. Hauhs, M., and Lange, H. (2008). "Classification of run-off in headwater catchments: A physical problem". Geogr. Compass, 2(1), 235-254.
61. Hayashi, M., and Rosenberry, D. O. (2002). "Effects of ground water exchange on the hydrology and ecology of surface water". Ground Water, 40(3), 309-316.
62. Heath, R. C. (1982). "Classification of groundwater systems in the United States". Ground Water, 20(4), 393-401.
63. Henon, M. (1976). "A two-dimensional mapping with a strange attractor". Commun. Math. Phys., 50(1), 69-77.
64. Hrachowitz, M., Soulsby, C., Tetzlaff, D., Dawson, J. J. C., and Malcolm, I. A. (2009). "Regionalization of transit time estimates in montane catchments by integrating landscape controls". Water Resour. Res., 45(5), W05421.
65. Hughes, J. M. R., and James, B. (1989). "A hydrological regionalization of streams in Victoria, Australia, with implications for stream ecology". Aust. J. Marine Freshwat. Resour., 40(3), 303-326.
66. Isik, S., and Singh, V. P. (2008). "Hydrologic regionalization of watersheds in Turkey". J. Hydrol. Eng. 824-834. 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2008)13:9(824).
67. Izzard, C. F. (1966). "A mathematical model for nonlinear hydrologic systems". J. Geophys. Res., 71(20), 4811-4824.
68. Jakeman, A. J., and Hornberger, G. M. (1993). "How much complexity is warranted in a rainfall-runoff model?" Water Resour. Res., 29(8), 2637-2649.
69. Jenerette, G. D., Barron-Gafford, G. A., Guswa, A. J., McDonnell, J. J., and Villegas, J. C. (2012). "Organization of complexity in water limited ecohydrology". Ecohydrology, 5(2), 184-199.
70. Jimenez-Montano, M. A., Ebeling, W., Pohl, T., and Rapp, P. E. (2002). "Entropy and complexity of finite sequences as fluctuating quantities". Biosystems, 64(1-3), 23-32.
71. Kampichler, C., Wieland, R., Calmé, S., Weissenberger, H., and Arriaga-Weiss, A. (2010). "Classification in conservation biology: A comparison of five machine-learning methods". Ecol. Inform., 5(6), 441-450.
72. Kantz, H., and Schreiber, T. (1997). Nonlinear time series analysis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
73. Kapur, J. N. (1983). "On maximum-entropy complexity measures". Int. J. Gen. Syst., 9(2), 95-102.
74. Kavvas, M. L. (2003). "Nonlinear hydrologic processes: Conservation equations for determining their means and probability distributions". J. Hydrol. Eng. 44-53. 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2003)8:2(44).
75. Kennard, M. J., Mackay, S. J., Pusey, B. J., Olden, J. D., and Marsh, N. (2010). "Quantifying uncertainty in estimation of hydrologic metrics for ecohydrological studies". River Res. Appl., 26(2), 137-156.
76. Kennard, M. J., Pusey, B. J., Olden, J. D., Mackay, S. J., Stein, J. L., and Marsh, N. (2010). "Classification of natural flow regimes in Australia to support environmental flow management". Freshwater Biol., 55(1), 171-193.
77. Kennel, M. B., Brown, R., and Abarbanel, H. D. I. (1992). "Determining embedding dimension for phase space reconstruction using a geometric method". Phys. Rev. A, 45(6), 3403-3411.
78. Kim, U., and Kaluarachchi, J. J. (2008). "Application of parameter estimation and regionalization methodologies to ungauged basins of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia". J. Hydrol., 362(1-2), 39-56.
79. Kirchner, J. W. (2006). "Getting the right answers for the right reasons: Linking measurements, analyses, and models to advance the science of hydrology". Water Resour. Res., 42(3), W03S04.
80. Koutsoyiannis, D. (2011). "Scale of water resources development and sustainability: Small is beautiful, large is great". Hydrol. Sci. J., 56(4), 553-575.
81. Krasovskaia, I. (1995). "Quantification of the stability of river flow regimes". Hydrol. Sci. J., 40(5), 587-598.
82. Krasovskaia, I. (1997). "Entropy-based grouping of river flow regimes". J. Hydrol., 202(1-4), 173-191.
83. Krasovskaia, I., and Gottschalk, L. (2002). "River flow regimes in a changing climate". Hydrol. Sci. J., 47(4), 597-609.
84. Krasovskaia, I., Gottschalk, L., and Kundzewicz, Z. W. (1999). "Dimensionality of Scandinavian river flow regimes". Hydrol. Sci. J., 44(5), 705-723.
85. Kundzewicz, Z. W., et al. (2008). "The implications of projected climate change for freshwater resources and their management". Hydrol. Sci. J., 53(1), 3-10.
86. Langhoff, J. H., Rasmussen, K. R., and Christensen, S. (2006). "Quantification and regionalization of groundwater-surface water interaction along an alluvial stream". J. Hydrol., 320(3-4), 342-358.
87. Ley, R., Casper, M. C., Hellebrand, H., and Merz, R. (2011). "Catchment classification by runoff behaviour with self-organizing maps (SOM)". Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15(9), 2947-2962.
88. Liljeros, F., Edling, C., Amaral, L. N., Stanley, H. E., and Åberg, Y. (2001). "The web of human sexual contacts". Nature, 411(6840), 907-908.
89. Lins, H. F. (1997). "Regional streamflow regimes and hydroclimatology of the United States". Water Resour. Res., 33(7), 1655-1667.
90. Liu, Y., Gupta, H., Springer, E., and Wagener, T. (2008). "Linking science with environmental decision making: Experiences from an integrated modeling approach to supporting sustainable water resources management". Environ. Modell. Software, 23(7), 846-858.
91. Lorenz, E. N. (1963). "Deterministic nonperiodic flow". J. Atmos. Sci., 20(2), 130-141.
92. Loveland, T. R., and Merchant, J. M. (2004). "Ecoregions and ecoregionalization: Geographical and ecological perspectives". Environ. Manage., 34(Suppl. 1), S1-S13.
93. L'vovich, M. I. (1979). World water resources and their future, LithoCrafters, Chelsea, U.K.
94. Malard, F., Tockner, K., Dole-Olivier, M.-J., and Ward, J. V. (2002). "A landscape perspective of surface-subsurface hydrological exchanges in river corridors". Freshwater Biol., 47(4), 621-640.
95. May, R. M. (1976). "Simple mathematical models with very complicated dynamics". Nature, 261(5560), 459-467.
96. McDonnell, J. J., and Woods, R. A. (2004). "On the need for catchment classification". J. Hydrol., 299(1-2), 2-3.
97. McMahon, T. A., and Finlayson, B. L. (1992). Global runoff: Continental comparisons of annual flows and peak discharges, Catena Verlag, Cremlingen-Destedt, Germany.
98. McMahon, T. A., Peel, M. C., Vogel, R. M., and Pegram, G. G. S. (2007). "Global streamflows-Part 3: Country and climate zone characteristics". J. Hydrol., 347(3-4), 272-291.
99. McMahon, T. A., Vogel, R. M., Peel, M. C., and Pegram, G. G. S. (2007). "Global streamflows-Part 1: Characteristics of annual streamflows". J. Hydrol., 347(3-4), 243-259.
100. McMillan, E. (2004). Complexity, organizations and change, Routledge, London.
101. Merz, B., and Blöschl, G. (2004). "Regionalization of catchment model parameters". J. Hydrol., 287(1-4), 95-123.
102. Minshall, N. E. (1960). "Predicting storm runoff on small experimental watersheds". J. Hydraul. Div., 86(8), 17-38.
103. Moliere, D. R., Lowry, J. B. C., and Humphrey, C. L. (2009). "Classifying the flow regime of data-limited streams in the wet-dry tropical region of Australia". J. Hydrol., 367(1-2), 1-13.
104. Nathan, R. J., and McMahon, T. A. (1990). "Identification of homogeneous regions for the purpose of regionalization". J. Hydrol., 121(1-4), 217-238.
105. Newman, M. E. J., Barabási, A.-L., and Watts, D. J. (2003). The structure and dynamics of networks, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
106. Nicolis, G., and Prigogine, I. (1989). Exploring complexity: An introduction, W. H. Freeman & Company, New York.
107. Olden, J. D., Kennard, M. J., and Pusey, B. J. (2012). "A framework for hydrologic classification with a review of methodologies and applications in ecohydrology". Ecohydrology, 5(4), 503-518.
108. Olden, J. D., and Poff, N. L. (2003). "Redundancy and the choice of hydrologic indices for characterizing streamflow regimes". River Res. Appl., 19(2), 101-121.
109. Oudin, L., Andréassian, V., Perrin, C., Michel, C., and Le Moine, N. (2008). "Spatial proximity, physical similarity, regression and ungaged catchments: A comparison of regionalization approaches based on 913 French catchments". Water Resour. Res., 44(3), W03413.
110. Oudin, L., Kay, A., Andréassian, V., and Perrin, C. (2010). "Are seemingly physically similar catchments truly hydrologically similar?" Water Resour. Res., 46(11), W11558.
111. Pachepsky, Y., Guber, A., Jacques, D., Simunek, J., van Genuchten, M. T., Nicholson, T., and Cady, R. (2006). "Information content and complexity of simulated soil water fluxes". Geoderma, 134(3-4), 253-266.
112. Packard, N. H., Crutchfield, J. P., Farmer, J. D., and Shaw, R. S. (1980). "Geometry from a time series". Phys. Rev. Lett., 45(9), 712-716.
113. Paola, C., et al. (2006). "Toward a unified science of the Earth's surface: Opportunities for synthesis among hydrology, geomorphology, geochemistry, and ecology". Water Resour. Res., 42(3), W03S10.
114. Pardé, M. (1933). Fleuves et rivières, Collection Armond Colin, Paris.
115. Patil, S., and Stieglitz, M. (2011). "Hydrologic similarity among catchments under variable flow conditions". Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15(3), 989-997.
116. Perrin, C., Michel, C., and Andréassian, V. (2001). "Does a large number of parameters enhance model performance? Comparative assessment of common catchment model structures on 429 catchments". J. Hydrol., 242(3-4), 275-301.
117. Phillips, J. D. (1999). Earth surface systems, complexity, order, and scale, Basil Blackwell, Oxford, U.K.
118. Poff, N. L., Olden, J. D., Pepin, D. M., and Bledsoe, B. P. (2006). "Placing global stream flow variability in geographic and geomorphic contexts". River Res. Appl., 22(2), 149-166.
119. Rao, A. R., and Srinivas, V. V. (2006). "Regionalization of watersheds by fuzzy cluster analysis". J. Hydrol., 318(1-4), 57-79.
120. Rao, A. R., and Srinivas, V. V. (2006). "Regionalization of watersheds by hybrid-cluster analysis". J. Hydrol., 318(1-4), 37-56.
121. Refsgaard, J. C., Storm, B., and Clausen, T. (2010). "Système hydrologique européen (SHE): Rview and perspectives after 30 years development in distributed physically-based hydrological modelling". Hydrol. Res., 41(5), 355-377.
122. Reichl, J. P. C., Western, A. W., McIntyre, N. R., and Chiew, F. H. S. (2009). "Optimization of a similarity measure for estimating ungauged streamflow". Water Resour. Res., 45(10), W10423.
123. Rosgen, D. L. (1994). "A classification of natural rivers". Catena, 22(3), 169-199.
124. Rössler, O. E. (1976). "An equation for continuous chaos". Phys. Lett. A, 57(5), 397-398.
125. Ruelle, D., and Takens, F. (1971). "On the nature of turbulence". Comm. Math. Phys., 20(3), 167-192.
126. Salas, J. D., and Smith, R. A. (1981). "Physical basis of stochastic models of annual flows". Water Resour. Res., 17(2), 428-430.
127. Sauquet, E., and Catalogne, C. (2011). "Comparison of catchment grouping methods for flow duration curve estimation at ungauged sites in France". Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15(8), 2421-2435.
128. Sawicz, K., Wagener, T., Sivapalan, M., Troch, P. A., and Carillo, G. (2011). "Catchment classification: Empirical analysis of hydrologic similarity based on catchment function in the eastern USA". Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15(9), 2895-2911.
129. Schröder, B. (2006). "Pattern, process, and function in landscape ecology and catchment hydrology-How can quantitative landscape ecology support predictions in ungauged basins?" Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 10(6), 967-979.
130. Seibert, J., and Beven, K. J. (2009). "Gauging the ungauged basin: How many discharge measurements are needed?" Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 13(6), 883-892.
131. Sims, N. C., Chariton, A. A., Jin, H., and Colloff, M. J. (2012). "A classification of floodplains and wetlands of the Murray-Darling basin based on changes in flows following water resource development". Wetlands, 32(2), 239-248.
132. Singh, V. P. (1988). Hydrologic systems: Volume 1, rainfall-runoff modelling, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
133. Singh, V. P. (1995). Kinematic wave modeling in water resources: Surface water hydrology, Wiley, New York.
134. Singh, V. P. (1997). "The use of entropy in hydrology and water resources". Hydrol. Process., 11(6), 587-626.
135. Singh, V. P. (2011). "Hydrologic synthesis using entropy theory: A review". J. Hydrol. Eng. 421-433. 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000332.
136. Sivakumar, B. (2000). "Chaos theory in hydrology: Important issues and interpretations". J. Hydrol., 227(1-4), 1-20.
137. Sivakumar, B. (2003). "Forecasting monthly streamflow dynamics in the western United States: A nonlinear dynamical approach". Environ. Modell. Software, 18(8-9), 721-728.
138. Sivakumar, B. (2004). "Chaos theory in geophysics: Past, present and future". Chaos, Solitons Fractals, 19(2), 441-462.
139. Sivakumar, B. (2004). "Dominant processes concept in hydrology: Moving forward". Hydrol. Processes, 18(12), 2349-2353.
140. Sivakumar, B. (2005). "Hydrologic modeling and forecasting: Role of thresholds". Environ. Modell. Software, 20(5), 515-519.
141. Sivakumar, B. (2008). "Dominant processes concept, model simplification and classification framework in catchment hydrology". Stochastic Environ. Res. Risk Assess., 22(6), 737-748.
142. Sivakumar, B. (2008). "The more things change, the more they stay the same: The state of hydrologic modeling". Hydrol. Processes, 22(21), 4333-4337.
143. Sivakumar, B. (2008). "Undermining the science or undermining nature?" Hydrol. Processes, 22(6), 893-897.
144. Sivakumar, B. (2009). "Nonlinear dynamics and chaos in hydrologic systems: Latest developments and a look forward". Stochastic Environ. Res. Risk Assess., 23(7), 1027-1036.
145. Sivakumar, B. (2011). "Global climate change and its impacts on water resources planning and management: Assessment and challenges". Stochastic Environ. Res. Risk Assess., 25(4), 583-600.
146. Sivakumar, B. (2011). "Water crisis: From conflict to cooperation-An overview". Hydrol. Sci. J., 56(4), 531-552.
147. Sivakumar, B., Jayawardena, A. W., and Li, W. K. (2007). "Hydrologic complexity and classification: A simple data reconstruction approach". Hydrol. Process., 21(20), 2713-2728.
148. Sivakumar, B., and Singh, V. P. (2012). "Hydrologic system complexity and nonlinear dynamic concepts for a catchment classification framework". Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16(11), 4119-4131.
149. Sivakumar, B., and Woldemeskel, F. M. (2013). "Spatial rainfall correlations and their implications: A correlation-scale-threshold method". J. Hydrol., in press.
150. Sivakumar, B., Woldemeskel, F. M., and Puente, C. E. (2014). "Nonlinear analysis of rainfall variability in Australia". Stochastic Environ. Res. Risk Asses., 28(1), 17-27.
151. Sivapalan, M., et al. (2003). "IAHS decade on predictions in ungauged basins (PUB), 2003-2012: Shaping an exciting future for the hydrological sciences". Hydrol. Sci. J., 48(6), 857-880.
152. Sivapalan, M., Blöschl, G., Zhang, L., and Vertessy, R. (2003). "Downward approach to hydrological prediction". Hydrol. Processes, 17(11), 2101-2111.
153. Snelder, T. H., and Biggs, B. J. F. (2002). "Multi-scale river environment classification for water resources management". J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 38(5), 1225-1239.
154. Snelder, T. H., Biggs, B. J. F., and Woods, R. A. (2005). "Improved eco-hydrological classification of rivers". River Res. Appl., 21(6), 609-628.
155. Snelder, T. H., Cattanéo, F., Suren, A. M., and Biggs, B. J. F. (2004). "Is the river environment classification an improved landscape-scale classification of rivers?" J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc., 23(3), 580-598.
156. Snelder, T. H., and Hughey, K. F. D. (2005). "On the use of an ecologic classification to improve water resource planning in New Zealand". Environ. Manage., 36(5), 741-756.
157. Sophocleous, M. (2002). "Interactions between groundwater and surface water". Hydrogeol. J., 10(1), 52-67.
158. Strogatz, S. H. (1994). Nonlinear dynamics and chaos: With applications to physics, biology, chemistry, and engineering, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
159. Sugawara, M. (1961). "On the analysis of runoff structure about several Japanese rivers". Jap. J. Geophys., 2(4), 1-76.
160. Suweis, S., Konar, M., Dalin, C., Hanasaki, N., Rinaldo, A., and Rodriguez-Iturbe, I. (2011). "Structure and controls of the global virtual water trade network". Geophys. Res. Lett., 38(10), L10403.
161. Takens, F. (1981). "Detecting strange attractors in turbulence". Dynamical systems and turbulence: Lecture notes in mathematics 898, D. A. Rand and L. S. Young, eds., Springer-Verlag, Warwick, Germany, 366-381.
162. Tasker, G. D. (1982). "Comparing methods of hydrologic regionalization". Water Resour. Bull., 18(6), 965-970.
163. Tóth, J. (1963). "A theoretical analysis of groundwater flow in small drainage basins". J. Geophys. Res., 68(16), 4795-4812.
164. Tsonis, A. A. (1992). Chaos: From theory to applications, Plenum Press, New York.
165. Tsonis, A. A., and Roebber, P. J. (2004). "The architecture of climate networks". Physica A, 333, 497-504.
166. Vormoor, K., Skaugen, T., Langsholt, E., Diekkrüger, B., and Skøien, J. O. (2011). "Geostatistical regionalization of daily runoff forecasts in Norway". Int. J. River Basin Manage., 9(1), 3-15.
167. Wagener, T., et al. (2010). "The future of hydrology: An evolving science for a changing world". Water Resour. Res., 46(5), W05301.
168. Wagener, T., and McIntyre, N. (2012). "Hydrological catchment classification using a data-based mechanistic strategy". System identification, environmental modelling, and control system design, L. Wang and H. Garnier, eds., Springer, London, 483-500.
169. Wagener, T., Sivapalan, M., and McGlynn, B. (2008). "Catchment classification and services-Toward a new paradigm for catchment hydrology driven by societal needs". Encyclopedia of hydrological sciences, M. G. Anderson, ed., Wiley, Chichester, U.K., 1-12.
170. Wagener, T., Sivapalan, M., Troch, P., and Woods, R. A. (2007). "Catchment classification and hydrologic similarity". Geog. Compass, 1(4), 901-931.
171. Wainwright, J., and Mulligan, M. (2004). Environmental modelling: Finding simplicity in complexity, Wiley, Chichester, U.K.
172. Wardrop, D. H., et al. (2005). "Use of landscape and land use parameters for classification of watersheds in the mid-Atlantic across five physiographic provinces". Environ. Ecol. Stat., 12(2), 209-223.
173. Watts, D. J. (1999). Small worlds: The dynamics of networks between order and randomness, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
174. Watts, D. J., and Strogatz, S. H. (1998). "Collective dynamics of 'small-world' networks". Nature, 393(6684), 440-442.
175. Wiltshire, S. E. (1986). "Identification of homogeneous regions for flood frequency analysis". J. Hydrol., 84(3-4), 287-302.
176. Winter, T. C. (1995). "Recent advances in understanding the interaction of groundwater and surface water". Rev. Geophys., 33(S2), 985-994.
177. Winter, T. C., Judson, W. H., Franke, O. L., and Alley, W. M. (1998). "Ground water and surface water: A single resource". U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1139, Denver.
178. Wolf, A., Swift, J. B., Swinney, H. L., and Vastano, A. (1985). "Determining Lyapunov exponents from a time series". Physica D, 16(3), 285-317.
179. Woods, R. A. (2002). "Seeing catchments with new eyes". Hydrol. Process., 16(5), 1111-1113.
180. Yodzis, P. (1981). "The stability of real ecosystems". Nature, 289(5799), 674-676.
181. Young, P. C., Parkinson, S. D., and Lees, M. (1996). "Simplicity out of complexity: Occam's razor revisited". J. Appl. Stat., 23(2-3), 165-210.
182. Young, P. C., and Ratto, M. (2009). "A unified approach to environmental systems modeling". Stochastic Environ. Res. Risk Assess., 23(7), 1037-1057.
183. Zhang, Y., and Chiew, F. H. S. (2009). "Relative merits of different methods for predictions in ungauged catchments". Water Resour. Res., 45(7), W07412.
184. Zhang, Y., Xia, J., Bunn, S. E., Arthington, A. H., Mackay, S., and Kennard, M. (2012). "Classification of flow regimes for environmental flow assessment in regulated rivers: The Huai River Basin, China". River Res. Appl., 28(7), 989-1005.