메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 71, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 235-243

Derivation of human biomonitoring guidance values for chlorpyrifos using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model of cholinesterase inhibition

Author keywords

Acetylcholinesterase inhibition; Biomonitoring; Biomonitoring guidance value; Chlorpyrifos; Physiologically based pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic model; Risk assessment

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CHLORPYRIFOS; CHOLINESTERASE; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR;

EID: 84920984090     PISSN: 02732300     EISSN: 10960295     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.12.013     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (16)

References (59)
  • 1
    • 33748678283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlorpyrifos exposure in farm families: results from the farm family exposure study
    • Alexander B.H., et al. Chlorpyrifos exposure in farm families: results from the farm family exposure study. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 2006, 16:447-456.
    • (2006) J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. , vol.16 , pp. 447-456
    • Alexander, B.H.1
  • 2
    • 80051802803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human biomonitoring assessment values: approaches and data requirements
    • Angerer J., et al. Human biomonitoring assessment values: approaches and data requirements. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2011, 214:348-360.
    • (2011) Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health , vol.214 , pp. 348-360
    • Angerer, J.1
  • 3
    • 84862509767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpreting variability in population biomonitoring data: role of elimination kinetics
    • Aylward L.L., et al. Interpreting variability in population biomonitoring data: role of elimination kinetics. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 2012, 22:398-408.
    • (2012) J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. , vol.22 , pp. 398-408
    • Aylward, L.L.1
  • 4
    • 84874631279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of biomonitoring data from the CDC National Exposure Report in a risk assessment context: perspectives across chemicals
    • Aylward L.L., et al. Evaluation of biomonitoring data from the CDC National Exposure Report in a risk assessment context: perspectives across chemicals. Environ. Health Perspect. 2013, 121:287-294.
    • (2013) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.121 , pp. 287-294
    • Aylward, L.L.1
  • 5
    • 0017100949 scopus 로고
    • Rat urinary metabolites from O,O-diethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate
    • Bakke J.E., et al. Rat urinary metabolites from O,O-diethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate. J. Environ. Sci. Health B 1976, 11:225-230.
    • (1976) J. Environ. Sci. Health B , vol.11 , pp. 225-230
    • Bakke, J.E.1
  • 7
    • 27944462314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentrations of selective metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides in the United States population
    • Barr D.B., et al. Concentrations of selective metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides in the United States population. Environ. Res. 2005, 99:314-326.
    • (2005) Environ. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 314-326
    • Barr, D.B.1
  • 8
    • 77953280270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of current-use pesticide and other toxicant urinary metabolite levels among pregnant women in the CHAMACOS cohort and NHANES
    • Castorina R., et al. Comparison of current-use pesticide and other toxicant urinary metabolite levels among pregnant women in the CHAMACOS cohort and NHANES. Environ. Health Perspect. 2010, 118:856-863.
    • (2010) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.118 , pp. 856-863
    • Castorina, R.1
  • 11
    • 0014343053 scopus 로고
    • Red cell life span after splenectomy in hereditary spherocytosis
    • Chapman R.G., McDonald L.L. Red cell life span after splenectomy in hereditary spherocytosis. J. Clin. Invest. 1968, 47:2263-2267.
    • (1968) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.47 , pp. 2263-2267
    • Chapman, R.G.1    McDonald, L.L.2
  • 12
    • 84920966401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sources of interindividual variation in red blood cell cholinesterase activity
    • Dimitriadis E.A., Syrmos N.C. Sources of interindividual variation in red blood cell cholinesterase activity. Arch. Inst. Neurol. 2011, 14.
    • (2011) Arch. Inst. Neurol. , vol.14
    • Dimitriadis, E.A.1    Syrmos, N.C.2
  • 13
    • 51049112666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of the toxicology of chlorpyrifos with an emphasis on human exposure and neurodevelopment
    • Eaton D.L., et al. Review of the toxicology of chlorpyrifos with an emphasis on human exposure and neurodevelopment. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 2008, 38(Suppl. 2):1-125.
    • (2008) Crit. Rev. Toxicol. , vol.38 , pp. 1-125
    • Eaton, D.L.1
  • 14
    • 79956204419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers of chlorpyrifos exposure and effect in Egyptian cotton field workers
    • Farahat F.M., et al. Biomarkers of chlorpyrifos exposure and effect in Egyptian cotton field workers. Environ. Health Perspect. 2011, 119:801-806.
    • (2011) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.119 , pp. 801-806
    • Farahat, F.M.1
  • 15
    • 70350324609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinesterase inhibition in chlorpyrifos workers: characterization of biomarkers of exposure and response in relation to urinary TCPy
    • Garabrant D.H., et al. Cholinesterase inhibition in chlorpyrifos workers: characterization of biomarkers of exposure and response in relation to urinary TCPy. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 2009, 19:634-642.
    • (2009) J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. , vol.19 , pp. 634-642
    • Garabrant, D.H.1
  • 16
    • 0032939378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral and dermal absorption of chlorpyrifos: a human volunteer study
    • Griffin P., et al. Oral and dermal absorption of chlorpyrifos: a human volunteer study. Occup. Environ. Med. 1999, 56:10-13.
    • (1999) Occup. Environ. Med. , vol.56 , pp. 10-13
    • Griffin, P.1
  • 17
    • 33751084895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomonitoring equivalents: a screening approach for interpreting biomonitoring results from a public health risk perspective
    • Hays S.M., et al. Biomonitoring equivalents: a screening approach for interpreting biomonitoring results from a public health risk perspective. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2007, 47:96-109.
    • (2007) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.47 , pp. 96-109
    • Hays, S.M.1
  • 18
    • 47549112161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the derivation of Biomonitoring Equivalents: report from the Biomonitoring Equivalents Expert Workshop
    • Hays S.M., et al. Guidelines for the derivation of Biomonitoring Equivalents: report from the Biomonitoring Equivalents Expert Workshop. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2008, 51:S4-S15.
    • (2008) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.51 , pp. S4-S15
    • Hays, S.M.1
  • 19
    • 84887849829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related trends in urinary excretion of bisphenol A in Australian children and adults: evidence from a pooled sample study using samples of convenience
    • Heffernan A.L., et al. Age-related trends in urinary excretion of bisphenol A in Australian children and adults: evidence from a pooled sample study using samples of convenience. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 2013, 76:1039-1055.
    • (2013) J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , vol.76 , pp. 1039-1055
    • Heffernan, A.L.1
  • 20
    • 80052407078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a source-to-outcome model for dietary exposures to insecticide residues: an example using chlorpyrifos
    • Hinderliter P.M., et al. Development of a source-to-outcome model for dietary exposures to insecticide residues: an example using chlorpyrifos. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2011, 61:82-92.
    • (2011) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.61 , pp. 82-92
    • Hinderliter, P.M.1
  • 21
    • 84864944109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organophosphate pesticide levels in blood and urine of women and newborns living in an agricultural community
    • Huen K., et al. Organophosphate pesticide levels in blood and urine of women and newborns living in an agricultural community. Environ. Res. 2012, 117:8-16.
    • (2012) Environ. Res. , vol.117 , pp. 8-16
    • Huen, K.1
  • 24
    • 47549090116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the communication of Biomonitoring Equivalents: report from the Biomonitoring Equivalents Expert Workshop
    • LaKind J.S., et al. Guidelines for the communication of Biomonitoring Equivalents: report from the Biomonitoring Equivalents Expert Workshop. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2008, 51:S16-S26.
    • (2008) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.51 , pp. S16-S26
    • LaKind, J.S.1
  • 25
    • 34248588051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postnatal growth considerations for PBPK modeling
    • Luecke R.H., et al. Postnatal growth considerations for PBPK modeling. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A. 2007, 70:1027-1037.
    • (2007) J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A. , vol.70 , pp. 1027-1037
    • Luecke, R.H.1
  • 26
    • 0034826891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary exposure to chlorpyrifos and levels of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol in urine
    • MacIntosh D.L., et al. Dietary exposure to chlorpyrifos and levels of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol in urine. J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. 2001, 11:279-285.
    • (2001) J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. , vol.11 , pp. 279-285
    • MacIntosh, D.L.1
  • 27
    • 33947100966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential sensitivity of blood, peripheral, and central cholinesterases in beagle dogs following dietary exposure to chlorpyrifos
    • Marable B.R., et al. Differential sensitivity of blood, peripheral, and central cholinesterases in beagle dogs following dietary exposure to chlorpyrifos. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2007, 47:240-248.
    • (2007) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.47 , pp. 240-248
    • Marable, B.R.1
  • 28
    • 0034495240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rates of spontaneous reactivation and aging of acetylcholinesterase in human erythrocytes after inhibition by organophosphorus pesticides
    • Mason H.J., et al. Rates of spontaneous reactivation and aging of acetylcholinesterase in human erythrocytes after inhibition by organophosphorus pesticides. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 2000, 19:511-516.
    • (2000) Hum. Exp. Toxicol. , vol.19 , pp. 511-516
    • Mason, H.J.1
  • 29
    • 0034544721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-invasive quantification of liver perfusion with dynamic computed tomography and a dual-input one-compartmental model
    • Materne R., et al. Non-invasive quantification of liver perfusion with dynamic computed tomography and a dual-input one-compartmental model. Clin. Sci. (Lond) 2000, 99:517-525.
    • (2000) Clin. Sci. (Lond) , vol.99 , pp. 517-525
    • Materne, R.1
  • 30
    • 20344364184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal variability of urinary levels of nonpersistent insecticides in adult men
    • Meeker J.D., et al. Temporal variability of urinary levels of nonpersistent insecticides in adult men. J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. 2005, 15:271-281.
    • (2005) J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. , vol.15 , pp. 271-281
    • Meeker, J.D.1
  • 31
    • 0021237815 scopus 로고
    • Chlorpyrifos: pharmacokinetics in human volunteers
    • Nolan R.J., et al. Chlorpyrifos: pharmacokinetics in human volunteers. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1984, 73:8-15.
    • (1984) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.73 , pp. 8-15
    • Nolan, R.J.1
  • 32
    • 84920992916 scopus 로고
    • Chlorpyrifos: Tissue Distribution and Metabolism of Orally Administered Carbon 14-Labeled Chlorpyrifos in Fischer 344 Rats: Laboratory Project Study ID: K-044793-(76), The Dow Chemical Company
    • Unpublished study prepared by The Dow Chemical Company, [MRID 40458901].
    • Nolan, R.J. et al., 1987. Chlorpyrifos: Tissue Distribution and Metabolism of Orally Administered Carbon 14-Labeled Chlorpyrifos in Fischer 344 Rats: Laboratory Project Study ID: K-044793-(76), The Dow Chemical Company. Unpublished study prepared by The Dow Chemical Company, p. 41, [MRID 40458901].
    • (1987) , pp. 41
    • Nolan, R.J.1
  • 33
    • 0035118551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic characterization of the major human small intestinal cytochrome p450s
    • Obach R.S., et al. Metabolic characterization of the major human small intestinal cytochrome p450s. Drug Metab. Dispos. 2001, 29:6.
    • (2001) Drug Metab. Dispos. , vol.29 , pp. 6
    • Obach, R.S.1
  • 34
    • 84920966400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of PBPK/PD models of interindividual variation in human red blood cell cholinesterase inhibition from acute oral exposures to chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos oxon and use of the models in setting data derived extrapolation factors
    • (submitted for publication).
    • Poet, T.S. et al., 2014. Development of PBPK/PD models of interindividual variation in human red blood cell cholinesterase inhibition from acute oral exposures to chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos oxon and use of the models in setting data derived extrapolation factors. Toxicol. Sci. (submitted for publication).
    • (2014) Toxicol. Sci
    • Poet, T.S.1
  • 35
    • 84907056832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlorpyrifos PBPK/PD model for multiple routes of exposure
    • Poet T.S., et al. Chlorpyrifos PBPK/PD model for multiple routes of exposure. Xenobiotica 2014, 1-14.
    • (2014) Xenobiotica , pp. 1-14
    • Poet, T.S.1
  • 36
    • 19444374610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative carboxylesterase activities in infant and adult liver and their in vitro sensitivity to chlorpyrifos oxon
    • Pope C.N., et al. Comparative carboxylesterase activities in infant and adult liver and their in vitro sensitivity to chlorpyrifos oxon. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2005, 42:64-69.
    • (2005) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.42 , pp. 64-69
    • Pope, C.N.1
  • 37
    • 0142010672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling interindividual variation in physiological factors used in PBPK models of humans
    • Price P.S., et al. Modeling interindividual variation in physiological factors used in PBPK models of humans. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 2003, 33:469-503.
    • (2003) Crit. Rev. Toxicol. , vol.33 , pp. 469-503
    • Price, P.S.1
  • 38
    • 80052414635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of a source-to-outcome model for the assessment of health impacts from dietary exposures to insecticide residues
    • Price P.S., et al. Application of a source-to-outcome model for the assessment of health impacts from dietary exposures to insecticide residues. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2011, 61:23-31.
    • (2011) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.61 , pp. 23-31
    • Price, P.S.1
  • 39
    • 0036183525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anthropometry-based reference values for 24-h urinary creatinine excretion during growth and their use in endocrine and nutritional research
    • Remer T., et al. Anthropometry-based reference values for 24-h urinary creatinine excretion during growth and their use in endocrine and nutritional research. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2002, 75:561-569.
    • (2002) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.75 , pp. 561-569
    • Remer, T.1
  • 41
    • 2942714955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals
    • Sexton K., et al. Human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals. Am. Sci. 2004, 92:38-45.
    • (2004) Am. Sci. , vol.92 , pp. 38-45
    • Sexton, K.1
  • 42
    • 32544451638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastric emptying of solids in normal children-a preliminary report
    • Singh S.J., et al. Gastric emptying of solids in normal children-a preliminary report. J. Pediatr. Surg. 2006, 41:413-417.
    • (2006) J. Pediatr. Surg. , vol.41 , pp. 413-417
    • Singh, S.J.1
  • 43
    • 33947335937 scopus 로고
    • Investigations on dursban insecticide. Metabolism of [36Cl] O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate in rats
    • Smith G.N., et al. Investigations on dursban insecticide. Metabolism of [36Cl] O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate in rats. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1967, 15:132-138.
    • (1967) J. Agric. Food Chem. , vol.15 , pp. 132-138
    • Smith, G.N.1
  • 44
    • 79960604273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro age-dependent enzymatic metabolism of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-oxon in human hepatic microsomes and chlorpyrifos-oxon in plasma
    • Smith J.N., et al. In vitro age-dependent enzymatic metabolism of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-oxon in human hepatic microsomes and chlorpyrifos-oxon in plasma. Drug Metab. Dispos. 2011, 39:1353-1362.
    • (2011) Drug Metab. Dispos. , vol.39 , pp. 1353-1362
    • Smith, J.N.1
  • 45
    • 84904035892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A human life-stage physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model for chlorpyrifos: Development and validation
    • Smith J.N., et al. A human life-stage physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model for chlorpyrifos: Development and validation. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2014, 69:580-597.
    • (2014) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.69 , pp. 580-597
    • Smith, J.N.1
  • 46
    • 0028149404 scopus 로고
    • Mammalian toxicology of organophosphorus pesticides
    • Sultatos L.G. Mammalian toxicology of organophosphorus pesticides. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 1994, 43:271-289.
    • (1994) J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , vol.43 , pp. 271-289
    • Sultatos, L.G.1
  • 47
    • 0024550525 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism and urinary excretion of chlorpyrifos in rats
    • Sunaga M., et al. Metabolism and urinary excretion of chlorpyrifos in rats. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 1989, 43:1124-1129.
    • (1989) Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi , vol.43 , pp. 1124-1129
    • Sunaga, M.1
  • 48
    • 77149160114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary biomarker, dermal, and air measurement results for 2,4-D and chlorpyrifos farm applicators in the Agricultural Health Study
    • Thomas K.W., et al. Urinary biomarker, dermal, and air measurement results for 2,4-D and chlorpyrifos farm applicators in the Agricultural Health Study. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 2010, 20:119-134.
    • (2010) J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. , vol.20 , pp. 119-134
    • Thomas, K.W.1
  • 49
    • 77149136393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass spectrometric analyses of organophosphate insecticide oxon protein adducts
    • Thompson C.M., et al. Mass spectrometric analyses of organophosphate insecticide oxon protein adducts. Environ. Health Perspect. 2010, 118:11-19.
    • (2010) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.118 , pp. 11-19
    • Thompson, C.M.1
  • 50
    • 0036191658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) model for the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos in rats and humans
    • Timchalk C., et al. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) model for the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos in rats and humans. Toxicol. Sci. 2002, 66:34-53.
    • (2002) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.66 , pp. 34-53
    • Timchalk, C.1
  • 51
    • 32044468978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-dependent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic response in preweanling rats following oral exposure to the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos
    • Timchalk C., et al. Age-dependent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic response in preweanling rats following oral exposure to the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos. Toxicology 2006, 220:13-25.
    • (2006) Toxicology , vol.220 , pp. 13-25
    • Timchalk, C.1
  • 52
    • 84893598452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary pyrethroid and chlorpyrifos metabolite concentrations in Northern California families and their relationship to indoor residential insecticide levels, part of the Study of Use of Products and Exposure Related Behavior (SUPERB)
    • Trunnelle K.J., et al. Urinary pyrethroid and chlorpyrifos metabolite concentrations in Northern California families and their relationship to indoor residential insecticide levels, part of the Study of Use of Products and Exposure Related Behavior (SUPERB). Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48:1931-1939.
    • (2014) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.48 , pp. 1931-1939
    • Trunnelle, K.J.1
  • 55
    • 20444459016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers in assessing residential insecticide exposures during pregnancy and effects on fetal growth
    • Whyatt R.M., et al. Biomarkers in assessing residential insecticide exposures during pregnancy and effects on fetal growth. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2005, 206:246-254.
    • (2005) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.206 , pp. 246-254
    • Whyatt, R.M.1
  • 56
    • 64049089296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A biomarker validation study of prenatal chlorpyrifos exposure within an inner-city cohort during pregnancy
    • Whyatt R.M., et al. A biomarker validation study of prenatal chlorpyrifos exposure within an inner-city cohort during pregnancy. Environ. Health Perspect. 2009, 117:559-567.
    • (2009) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.117 , pp. 559-567
    • Whyatt, R.M.1
  • 57
    • 0038308580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aggregate exposures of nine preschool children to persistent organic pollutants at day care and at home
    • Wilson N.K., et al. Aggregate exposures of nine preschool children to persistent organic pollutants at day care and at home. J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. 2003, 13:187-202.
    • (2003) J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. , vol.13 , pp. 187-202
    • Wilson, N.K.1
  • 58
    • 71849113253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pesticide concentrations in matrices collected in the perinatal period in a population of pregnant women and newborns in New Jersey, USA
    • Yan X., et al. Pesticide concentrations in matrices collected in the perinatal period in a population of pregnant women and newborns in New Jersey, USA. Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. 2009, 15:948-967.
    • (2009) Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. , vol.15 , pp. 948-967
    • Yan, X.1
  • 59
    • 62249205948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human organ/tissue growth algorithms that include obese individuals and black/white population organ weight similarities from autopsy data
    • Young J.F., et al. Human organ/tissue growth algorithms that include obese individuals and black/white population organ weight similarities from autopsy data. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A 2009, 72:527-540.
    • (2009) J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A , vol.72 , pp. 527-540
    • Young, J.F.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.