메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 176, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 1033-1045

High-altitude multi-taskers: bumble bee food plant use broadens along an altitudinal productivity gradient

Author keywords

Alpine bumble bees; Bombus; Generalization; Niche partitioning; Productivity

Indexed keywords

ALPINE ENVIRONMENT; ALTITUDINAL ZONATION; BEE; DISTURBANCE; GLOBAL WARMING; HOST PLANT; NICHE OVERLAP; NICHE PARTITIONING; PLANT-INSECT INTERACTION; POLLINATION; SPATIAL VARIATION;

EID: 84920108469     PISSN: 00298549     EISSN: 14321939     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3066-8     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (41)

References (93)
  • 1
    • 65949087029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bumble bees (Bombus spp.) along a gradient of increasing urbanization
    • PID: 19440367
    • Ahrné K, Bengtsson J, Elmqvist T (2009) Bumble bees (Bombus spp.) along a gradient of increasing urbanization. PLoS ONE 4:e5574
    • (2009) PLoS ONE , vol.4 , pp. e5574
    • Ahrné, K.1    Bengtsson, J.2    Elmqvist, T.3
  • 2
    • 57649184525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Year-to-year variation in the topology of a plant-pollinator interaction network
    • Alarcón R, Waser NM, Ollerton J (2008) Year-to-year variation in the topology of a plant-pollinator interaction network. Oikos 117:1796–1807
    • (2008) Oikos , vol.117 , pp. 1796-1807
    • Alarcón, R.1    Waser, N.M.2    Ollerton, J.3
  • 3
    • 79958824551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of a mid-season period of low floral resources in a montane meadow ecosystem associated with climate change
    • Aldridge G, Inouye DW, Forrest JRK, Barr WA, Miller-Rushing AJ (2011) Emergence of a mid-season period of low floral resources in a montane meadow ecosystem associated with climate change. J Ecol 99:905–913
    • (2011) J Ecol , vol.99 , pp. 905-913
    • Aldridge, G.1    Inouye, D.W.2    Forrest, J.R.K.3    Barr, W.A.4    Miller-Rushing, A.J.5
  • 4
    • 80054834891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterospecific pollen deposition: does diversity alter the consequences?
    • PID: 21777248
    • Arceo-Gómez G, Ashman TL (2011) Heterospecific pollen deposition: does diversity alter the consequences? New Phytol 192:738–746
    • (2011) New Phytol , vol.192 , pp. 738-746
    • Arceo-Gómez, G.1    Ashman, T.L.2
  • 5
    • 84878879900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a predictive understanding of the fitness costs of heterospecific pollen receipt and its importance in co-flowering communities
    • PID: 23624924
    • Ashman TL, Arceo-Gómez G (2013) Toward a predictive understanding of the fitness costs of heterospecific pollen receipt and its importance in co-flowering communities. Am J Bot 100:1061–1070
    • (2013) Am J Bot , vol.100 , pp. 1061-1070
    • Ashman, T.L.1    Arceo-Gómez, G.2
  • 7
    • 70350094525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutualistic networks
    • Bascompte J (2009) Mutualistic networks. Front Ecol Environ 7:429–436
    • (2009) Front Ecol Environ , vol.7 , pp. 429-436
    • Bascompte, J.1
  • 8
    • 37749000332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant-animal mutualistic networks: the architecture of biodiversity
    • Bascompte J, Jordano P (2007) Plant-animal mutualistic networks: the architecture of biodiversity. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 38:567–593
    • (2007) Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst , vol.38 , pp. 567-593
    • Bascompte, J.1    Jordano, P.2
  • 9
    • 0042424615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nested assembly of plant-animal mutualistic networks
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXmtlyktLY%3D, PID: 12881488
    • Bascompte J, Jordano P, Melián CJ, Olesen JM (2003) The nested assembly of plant-animal mutualistic networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci 100:9383–9387
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci , vol.100 , pp. 9383-9387
    • Bascompte, J.1    Jordano, P.2    Melián, C.J.3    Olesen, J.M.4
  • 10
    • 84920180441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bates D, Maechler M, Bolker BM (2011) lme4: linear mixed-effects models using S4 classes
    • Bates D, Maechler M, Bolker BM (2011) lme4: linear mixed-effects models using S4 classes
  • 11
    • 15244355120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interspecific competition for pollination lowers seed production and outcrossing in Mimulus ringens
    • Bell JM, Karron JD, Mitchell RJ (2005) Interspecific competition for pollination lowers seed production and outcrossing in Mimulus ringens. Ecology 86:762–771
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 762-771
    • Bell, J.M.1    Karron, J.D.2    Mitchell, R.J.3
  • 12
    • 8544234983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatic change at high elevation sites: an overview
    • Beniston M, Diaz HF, Bradley RS (1997) Climatic change at high elevation sites: an overview. Clim Change 36:233–251
    • (1997) Clim Change , vol.36 , pp. 233-251
    • Beniston, M.1    Diaz, H.F.2    Bradley, R.S.3
  • 13
    • 33748894852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring specialization in species interaction networks
    • Blüthgen N, Menzel F, Blüthgen N (2006) Measuring specialization in species interaction networks. BioMed Centr Ecol 6:9
    • (2006) BioMed Centr Ecol , vol.6 , pp. 9
    • Blüthgen, N.1    Menzel, F.2    Blüthgen, N.3
  • 14
    • 70349093961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prezygotic barriers to gene flow between Taraxacum ceratophorum and the invasive Taraxacum officinale (Asteraceae)
    • PID: 19504127
    • Brock MT (2009) Prezygotic barriers to gene flow between Taraxacum ceratophorum and the invasive Taraxacum officinale (Asteraceae). Oecologia 161:241–251
    • (2009) Oecologia , vol.161 , pp. 241-251
    • Brock, M.T.1
  • 16
    • 79952771475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The future of plant-pollinator diversity: understanding interaction networks across time, space, and global change
    • PID: 21613144
    • Burkle LA, Alarcón R (2011) The future of plant-pollinator diversity: understanding interaction networks across time, space, and global change. Am J Bot 98:528–538
    • (2011) Am J Bot , vol.98 , pp. 528-538
    • Burkle, L.A.1    Alarcón, R.2
  • 17
    • 84875521114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant-pollinator interactions over 120 years: loss of species, co-occurrence and function
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXksFOhsLg%3D, PID: 23449999
    • Burkle LA, Marlin JC, Knight TM (2013) Plant-pollinator interactions over 120 years: loss of species, co-occurrence and function. Science 339:1611–1615
    • (2013) Science , vol.339 , pp. 1611-1615
    • Burkle, L.A.1    Marlin, J.C.2    Knight, T.M.3
  • 18
    • 84911546554 scopus 로고
    • On the ecology and systematics of Coloradan bumble bees. Ph.D. thesis
    • Byron PA (1980) On the ecology and systematics of Coloradan bumble bees. Ph.D. thesis, University of California
    • (1980) University of California
    • Byron, P.A.1
  • 19
    • 84897550575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shifts in flowering phenology reshape a subalpine plant community
    • CaraDonna PJ, Iler AM, Inouye DW (2014) Shifts in flowering phenology reshape a subalpine plant community. Proc Natl Acad Sci A:1–6
    • (2014) Proc Natl Acad Sci A , pp. 1-6
    • CaraDonna, P.J.1    Iler, A.M.2    Inouye, D.W.3
  • 20
    • 0016948894 scopus 로고
    • Optimal foraging, the marginal value theorem
    • Charnov EL (1976) Optimal foraging, the marginal value theorem. Theor Popul Biol 2:129–136
    • (1976) Theor Popul Biol , vol.2 , pp. 129-136
    • Charnov, E.L.1
  • 21
    • 0037327534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of local habitat characteristics and landscape context on grassland butterfly diversity
    • Collinge SK, Prudic KL, Oliver JC (2003) Effects of local habitat characteristics and landscape context on grassland butterfly diversity. Conserv Biol 17:178–187
    • (2003) Conserv Biol , vol.17 , pp. 178-187
    • Collinge, S.K.1    Prudic, K.L.2    Oliver, J.C.3
  • 23
    • 84867358518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to be a specialist? Quantifying specialisation in pollination networks
    • Dormann CF (2011) How to be a specialist? Quantifying specialisation in pollination networks. Network 1:1–20
    • (2011) Network , vol.1 , pp. 1-20
    • Dormann, C.F.1
  • 24
    • 84920129944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dormann CF, Gruber B (2011) Bipartite: visualising bipartite networks and calculating some (ecological) indices
    • Dormann CF, Gruber B (2011) Bipartite: visualising bipartite networks and calculating some (ecological) indices
  • 25
    • 67650843931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatio-temporal variation in the structure of pollination networks
    • Dupont YL, Padrón B, Olesen JM, Petanidou T (2009) Spatio-temporal variation in the structure of pollination networks. Oikos 118:1261–1269
    • (2009) Oikos , vol.118 , pp. 1261-1269
    • Dupont, Y.L.1    Padrón, B.2    Olesen, J.M.3    Petanidou, T.4
  • 26
    • 71749095772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surplus nectar available for subalpine bumble bee colony growth
    • PID: 20021764
    • Elliott SE (2009) Surplus nectar available for subalpine bumble bee colony growth. Environ Entomol 38:1680–1689
    • (2009) Environ Entomol , vol.38 , pp. 1680-1689
    • Elliott, S.E.1
  • 27
    • 84863237606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative stability of core groups in pollination networks in a biodiversity hotspot over four years
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XktF2jurc%3D, PID: 22412902
    • Fang Q, Huang SQ (2012) Relative stability of core groups in pollination networks in a biodiversity hotspot over four years. PLoS ONE 7:e32663
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7 , pp. e32663
    • Fang, Q.1    Huang, S.Q.2
  • 28
    • 84878023040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A directed network analysis of heterospecific pollen transfer in a biodiverse community
    • PID: 23858657
    • Fang Q, Huang SQ (2013) A directed network analysis of heterospecific pollen transfer in a biodiverse community. Ecology 94:1176–1185
    • (2013) Ecology , vol.94 , pp. 1176-1185
    • Fang, Q.1    Huang, S.Q.2
  • 29
    • 65249158986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interspecific pollinator movements reduce pollen deposition and seed production in Mimulus ringens (Phrymaceae)
    • PID: 21628236
    • Flanagan RJ, Mitchell RJ, Knutowski D, Karron JD (2009) Interspecific pollinator movements reduce pollen deposition and seed production in Mimulus ringens (Phrymaceae). Am J Bot 96:809–815
    • (2009) Am J Bot , vol.96 , pp. 809-815
    • Flanagan, R.J.1    Mitchell, R.J.2    Knutowski, D.3    Karron, J.D.4
  • 30
    • 78751622163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of multiple competitors for pollination on bumblebee foraging patterns and Mimulus ringens reproductive success
    • Flanagan RJ, Mitchell RJ, Karron JD (2011) Effects of multiple competitors for pollination on bumblebee foraging patterns and Mimulus ringens reproductive success. Oikos 120:200–207
    • (2011) Oikos , vol.120 , pp. 200-207
    • Flanagan, R.J.1    Mitchell, R.J.2    Karron, J.D.3
  • 31
    • 77949290852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flowering phenology in subalpine meadows: does climate variation influence community co-flowering patterns?
    • PID: 20392008
    • Forrest J, Inouye DW, Thomson JD (2010) Flowering phenology in subalpine meadows: does climate variation influence community co-flowering patterns? Ecology 91:431–440
    • (2010) Ecology , vol.91 , pp. 431-440
    • Forrest, J.1    Inouye, D.W.2    Thomson, J.D.3
  • 33
    • 67650716345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weighted-Interaction Nestedness Estimator (WINE): a new estimator to calculate over frequency matrices
    • Galeano J, Pastor JM, Iriondo JM (2009) Weighted-Interaction Nestedness Estimator (WINE): a new estimator to calculate over frequency matrices. Environ Model Softw 24:1342–1346
    • (2009) Environ Model Softw , vol.24 , pp. 1342-1346
    • Galeano, J.1    Pastor, J.M.2    Iriondo, J.M.3
  • 34
    • 0032807238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do flowers vary?
    • Galen C (1999) Why do flowers vary? Bioscience 49:631–640
    • (1999) Bioscience , vol.49 , pp. 631-640
    • Galen, C.1
  • 35
    • 33947314843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • It never rains but then it pours: the diverse effects of water on flowering integrity and function
    • Reekie EG, Bazzaz FA, (eds), Elsevier, San Diego:
    • Galen C (2005) It never rains but then it pours: the diverse effects of water on flowering integrity and function. In: Reekie EG, Bazzaz FA (eds) Reproductive allocation in plants. Elsevier, San Diego, pp 77–92
    • (2005) Reproductive allocation in plants , pp. 77-92
    • Galen, C.1
  • 36
    • 0024911937 scopus 로고
    • Interspecific pollen transfer as a mechanism of competition: consequences of foreign pollen contamination for seed set in the alpine wildflower, Polemonium viscosum
    • Galen C, Gregory T (1989) Interspecific pollen transfer as a mechanism of competition: consequences of foreign pollen contamination for seed set in the alpine wildflower, Polemonium viscosum. Ecology 81:120–123
    • (1989) Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 120-123
    • Galen, C.1    Gregory, T.2
  • 37
    • 84864186965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracing impacts of partner abundance in facultative pollination mutualisms: from individuals to populations
    • PID: 22919905
    • Geib JC, Galen C (2012) Tracing impacts of partner abundance in facultative pollination mutualisms: from individuals to populations. Ecology 93:1581–1592
    • (2012) Ecology , vol.93 , pp. 1581-1592
    • Geib, J.C.1    Galen, C.2
  • 38
    • 79551536430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The functional consequences of mutualistic network architecture
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhs1Glu7k%3D, PID: 21283583
    • Gomez JM, Perfectti F, Jordano P (2011) The functional consequences of mutualistic network architecture. PLoS ONE 6:e16143
    • (2011) PLoS ONE , vol.6 , pp. e16143
    • Gomez, J.M.1    Perfectti, F.2    Jordano, P.3
  • 40
    • 84866728516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual lifetime pollen and nectar foraging preferences in bumble bees
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xhtlygur3L, PID: 22965265
    • Hagbery J, Nieh JC (2012) Individual lifetime pollen and nectar foraging preferences in bumble bees. Naturwissenschaften 99:821–832
    • (2012) Naturwissenschaften , vol.99 , pp. 821-832
    • Hagbery, J.1    Nieh, J.C.2
  • 41
    • 23144436261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terrestrial insects along elevation gradients: species and community responses to altitude
    • PID: 16094810
    • Hodkinson ID (2005) Terrestrial insects along elevation gradients: species and community responses to altitude. Biol Rev 80:489–513
    • (2005) Biol Rev , vol.80 , pp. 489-513
    • Hodkinson, I.D.1
  • 42
    • 84920139529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hothorn T, Bretz F, Westfal P (2012) multcomp: simultaneous inference in general parametric models
    • Hothorn T, Bretz F, Westfal P (2012) multcomp: simultaneous inference in general parametric models
  • 43
    • 0003264870 scopus 로고
    • Species structure of bumblebee communities in North America and Europe
    • Mattson W, (ed), Springer, Berlin:
    • Inouye D (1977) Species structure of bumblebee communities in North America and Europe. In: Mattson W (ed) The role of arthropods in forest ecosystems. Springer, Berlin, pp 35–40
    • (1977) The role of arthropods in forest ecosystems , pp. 35-40
    • Inouye, D.1
  • 44
    • 0000534044 scopus 로고
    • Resource partitioning in bumblebees: experimental studies of foraging behavior
    • Inouye DW (1978) Resource partitioning in bumblebees: experimental studies of foraging behavior. Ecology 59:672–678
    • (1978) Ecology , vol.59 , pp. 672-678
    • Inouye, D.W.1
  • 45
    • 0000511146 scopus 로고
    • The effect of proboscis and corolla tube lengths on patterns and rates of flower visitation by bumblebees
    • Inouye DW (1980) The effect of proboscis and corolla tube lengths on patterns and rates of flower visitation by bumblebees. Oecologia 45:197–201
    • (1980) Oecologia , vol.45 , pp. 197-201
    • Inouye, D.W.1
  • 46
    • 67649213963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between the floral neighborhood and individual pollen limitation in two self-incompatible herbs
    • PID: 19415338
    • Jakobsson A, Lázaro A, Totland O (2009) Relationships between the floral neighborhood and individual pollen limitation in two self-incompatible herbs. Oecologia 160:707–719
    • (2009) Oecologia , vol.160 , pp. 707-719
    • Jakobsson, A.1    Lázaro, A.2    Totland, O.3
  • 47
    • 80052548733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forecasting alpine vegetation change using repeat sampling and a novel modeling approach
    • PID: 21954731
    • Johnson DR, Ebert-May D, Webber PJ, Tweedie CE (2011) Forecasting alpine vegetation change using repeat sampling and a novel modeling approach. Ambio 40:693–704
    • (2011) Ambio , vol.40 , pp. 693-704
    • Johnson, D.R.1    Ebert-May, D.2    Webber, P.J.3    Tweedie, C.E.4
  • 48
    • 38849190543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A hybrid zone dominated by fertile F1s of two alpine shrub species, Phyllodoce caerulea and Phyllodoce aleutica, along a snowmelt gradient
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXkt1SktL0%3D, PID: 18205785
    • Kameyama Y, Kasagi T, Kudo G (2008) A hybrid zone dominated by fertile F1s of two alpine shrub species, Phyllodoce caerulea and Phyllodoce aleutica, along a snowmelt gradient. J Evol Biol 21:588–597
    • (2008) J Evol Biol , vol.21 , pp. 588-597
    • Kameyama, Y.1    Kasagi, T.2    Kudo, G.3
  • 49
    • 0034966567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taxonomic level, trophic biology and the regulation of local abundance
    • Kaspari M (2001) Taxonomic level, trophic biology and the regulation of local abundance. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 10:229–244
    • (2001) Glob Ecol Biogeogr , vol.10 , pp. 229-244
    • Kaspari, M.1
  • 50
    • 0034107454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy, density, and constraints to species richness: ant assemblages along a productivity gradient
    • Kaspari M, Donnell SO, Kercher JR, Kaspari M, Donnell SO, Kercher JR (2000) Energy, density, and constraints to species richness: ant assemblages along a productivity gradient. Am Nat 155:280–293
    • (2010) Am Nat , vol.155 , pp. 280-293
    • Kaspari, M.1    Donnell, S.O.2    Kercher, J.R.3    Kaspari, M.4    Donnell, S.O.5    Kercher, J.R.6
  • 51
    • 71049169716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boulder County bees revisited: a resampling of Boulder Colorado bees a century later
    • Kearns CA, Oliveras DM (2009) Boulder County bees revisited: a resampling of Boulder Colorado bees a century later. J Insect Conserv 13:603–613
    • (2009) J Insect Conserv , vol.13 , pp. 603-613
    • Kearns, C.A.1    Oliveras, D.M.2
  • 52
    • 84920145053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kendall WD (2002) A brief economic history of Colorado. Prepared for the demography section, Colorado Department of Local Affairs. Center for Business and Economic Forcasting. Available at:. (Last accessed 11-26-13)
    • Kendall WD (2002) A brief economic history of Colorado. Prepared for the demography section, Colorado Department of Local Affairs. Center for Business and Economic Forcasting. Available at: http://cospl.coalliance.org/fedora/repository/co:3222/loc61502ec72002internet.pdf. (Last accessed 11-26-13)
  • 53
    • 0009528816 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal size increase of bumblebee workers (Hymenoptera-Bombus)
    • Knee WJ, Medler JT (1965) Seasonal size increase of bumblebee workers (Hymenoptera-Bombus). Can Entomol 97:1149–1155
    • (1965) Can Entomol , vol.97 , pp. 1149-1155
    • Knee, W.J.1    Medler, J.T.2
  • 54
    • 36248950165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of “altitude” in ecological research
    • PID: 17988759
    • Körner C (2007) The use of “altitude” in ecological research. Trends Ecol Evol 22:569–574
    • (2007) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.22 , pp. 569-574
    • Körner, C.1
  • 55
    • 11144258290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flowering phenology of alpine plant communities along a gradient of snowmelt timing
    • Kudo G, Suzuki S (1999) Flowering phenology of alpine plant communities along a gradient of snowmelt timing. Polar Biosci 12:100–113
    • (1999) Polar Biosci , vol.12 , pp. 100-113
    • Kudo, G.1    Suzuki, S.2
  • 56
    • 0008550711 scopus 로고
    • Evolution in changing environments: some theoretical explorations. Princeton University Press
    • Levins R (1968) Evolution in changing environments: some theoretical explorations. Princeton University Press, Princeton
    • (1968) Princeton
    • Levins, R.1
  • 57
    • 34249777849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of an alien plant on a native plant-pollinator network: an experimental approach
    • PID: 17542933
    • Lopezaraiza-Mikel ME, Hayes RB, Whalley MR, Memmott J (2007) The impact of an alien plant on a native plant-pollinator network: an experimental approach. Ecol Lett 10:539–550
    • (2007) Ecol Lett , vol.10 , pp. 539-550
    • Lopezaraiza-Mikel, M.E.1    Hayes, R.B.2    Whalley, M.R.3    Memmott, J.4
  • 58
    • 0003190152 scopus 로고
    • Pollination ecology of the front range of the Colorado Rocky Mountains
    • Macior LW (1974) Pollination ecology of the front range of the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Melanderia 15:1–59
    • (1974) Melanderia , vol.15 , pp. 1-59
    • Macior, L.W.1
  • 60
    • 16644365084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tolerance of pollination networks to species extinctions
    • Memmott J, Waser NM, Price MV (2004) Tolerance of pollination networks to species extinctions. Proc R Soc Lond Biol Sci 271:2605–2611
    • (2004) Proc R Soc Lond Biol Sci , vol.271 , pp. 2605-2611
    • Memmott, J.1    Waser, N.M.2    Price, M.V.3
  • 61
    • 70349897463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in the impact of climate change on flowering phenology and abundance: an examination of two pairs of closely related wildflower species
    • PID: 21622303
    • Miller-Rushing AJ, Inouye DW (2009) Variation in the impact of climate change on flowering phenology and abundance: an examination of two pairs of closely related wildflower species. Am J Bot 96:1821–1829
    • (2009) Am J Bot , vol.96 , pp. 1821-1829
    • Miller-Rushing, A.J.1    Inouye, D.W.2
  • 62
    • 11844282852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facultative interactions among plants via shared pollinators
    • Moeller DA (2004) Facultative interactions among plants via shared pollinators. Ecology 85:3289–3301
    • (2004) Ecology , vol.85 , pp. 3289-3301
    • Moeller, D.A.1
  • 63
    • 48249138473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interspecific pollen transfer: magnitude, prevalence and consequences for plant fitness
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXpt1egur8%3D
    • Morales CL, Traveset A (2008) Interspecific pollen transfer: magnitude, prevalence and consequences for plant fitness. Crit Rev Plant Sci 27:221–238
    • (2008) Crit Rev Plant Sci , vol.27 , pp. 221-238
    • Morales, C.L.1    Traveset, A.2
  • 64
    • 83355163300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomass and diversity of dry alpine plant communities along altitudinal gradients in the Himalayas
    • PID: 21638006
    • Namgail T, Rawat GS, Mishra C, Van Wieren SE, Prins HHT (2012) Biomass and diversity of dry alpine plant communities along altitudinal gradients in the Himalayas. J Plant Res 125:93–101
    • (2012) J Plant Res , vol.125 , pp. 93-101
    • Namgail, T.1    Rawat, G.S.2    Mishra, C.3    Van Wieren, S.E.4    Prins, H.H.T.5
  • 66
    • 0027060638 scopus 로고
    • Geographic distribution and community structure of bumble bees in the northern Iberian peninsula
    • Obeso JR (1992) Geographic distribution and community structure of bumble bees in the northern Iberian peninsula. Oecologia 89:244–252
    • (1992) Oecologia , vol.89 , pp. 244-252
    • Obeso, J.R.1
  • 67
    • 0001380276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographic patterns in plant-polliantor mutualistic networks
    • Olesen JM, Jordano P (2002) Geographic patterns in plant-polliantor mutualistic networks. Ecology 83:2416–2424
    • (2002) Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 2416-2424
    • Olesen, J.M.1    Jordano, P.2
  • 68
    • 0036100324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasion of pollination networks on oceanic islands: importance of invader complexes and endemic super generalists
    • Olesen JM, Eskildsen LI, Venkatasamy S (2002) Invasion of pollination networks on oceanic islands: importance of invader complexes and endemic super generalists. Divers Distrib 8:181–192
    • (2002) Divers Distrib , vol.8 , pp. 181-192
    • Olesen, J.M.1    Eskildsen, L.I.2    Venkatasamy, S.3
  • 69
  • 70
    • 0036687262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Latitudinal trends in plant-pollinator interactions: are tropical plants more specialised?
    • Ollerton J, Cranmer L (2002) Latitudinal trends in plant-pollinator interactions: are tropical plants more specialised? Oikos 98:340–350
    • (2002) Oikos , vol.98 , pp. 340-350
    • Ollerton, J.1    Cranmer, L.2
  • 71
    • 84861371371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth and reproductive performance in bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) along an elevation gradient
    • Pato J, Ramón Obeso J (2012) Growth and reproductive performance in bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) along an elevation gradient. Ecoscience 19:59–68
    • (2012) Ecoscience , vol.19 , pp. 59-68
    • Pato, J.1    Ramón Obeso, J.2
  • 72
    • 84879094175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional patterns and proximal causes of the recent snowpack decline in the Rocky Mountains, USA
    • Pederson GT, Betancourt JL, McCabe GJ (2013) Regional patterns and proximal causes of the recent snowpack decline in the Rocky Mountains, USA. Geophys Res Lett 40:1–6
    • (2013) Geophys Res Lett , vol.40 , pp. 1-6
    • Pederson, G.T.1    Betancourt, J.L.2    McCabe, G.J.3
  • 73
    • 0002425073 scopus 로고
    • The structure of lizard communities
    • Pianka ER (1973) The structure of lizard communities. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 4:53–74
    • (1973) Annu Rev Ecol Syst , vol.4 , pp. 53-74
    • Pianka, E.R.1
  • 74
    • 84920174621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pineiro J, Bates D, DebRoy S, Sarkar D, R Development Core Team (2011) nlme: linear and nonlinear mixed effects models
    • Pineiro J, Bates D, DebRoy S, Sarkar D, R Development Core Team (2011) nlme: linear and nonlinear mixed effects models
  • 75
    • 0001123002 scopus 로고
    • Caste differentiation in bumblebees (Bombus LTAR.: HYM.). I. The determination of female size
    • Plowright RC, Jay SC (1968) Caste differentiation in bumblebees (Bombus LTAR.: HYM.). I. The determination of female size. Insect Soc 15:171–192
    • (1968) Insect Soc , vol.15 , pp. 171-192
    • Plowright, R.C.1    Jay, S.C.2
  • 76
    • 84872821541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flower-visitor networks only partially predict the function of pollen transport by bees
    • Popic TJ, Wardle GM, Davila YC (2013) Flower-visitor networks only partially predict the function of pollen transport by bees. Austral Ecol 38:76–86
    • (2013) Austral Ecol , vol.38 , pp. 76-86
    • Popic, T.J.1    Wardle, G.M.2    Davila, Y.C.3
  • 77
    • 0020468939 scopus 로고
    • Local geographic distributions of bumblebees near Crested Butte, Colorado: competition and community
    • Pyke GH (1982) Local geographic distributions of bumblebees near Crested Butte, Colorado: competition and community. Ecology 63:555–573
    • (1982) Ecology , vol.63 , pp. 555-573
    • Pyke, G.H.1
  • 78
    • 79960340492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity and abundance of bumble bees near Crested Butte, Colorado: diel, seasonal, and elevation effects
    • Pyke GH, Inouye DW, Thomson JD (2011) Activity and abundance of bumble bees near Crested Butte, Colorado: diel, seasonal, and elevation effects. Ecol Entomol 36:511–521
    • (2011) Ecol Entomol , vol.36 , pp. 511-521
    • Pyke, G.H.1    Inouye, D.W.2    Thomson, J.D.3
  • 79
    • 84871552866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local geographic distributions of bumble bees near Crested Butte, Colorado: competition and community structure revisited
    • PID: 23321080
    • Pyke GH, Inouye DW, Thomson JD (2012) Local geographic distributions of bumble bees near Crested Butte, Colorado: competition and community structure revisited. Environ Entomol 41:1332–1349
    • (2012) Environ Entomol , vol.41 , pp. 1332-1349
    • Pyke, G.H.1    Inouye, D.W.2    Thomson, J.D.3
  • 80
    • 84920136664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R Development Core Team (2011) R: a language and environment for statistical computing
    • R Development Core Team (2011) R: a language and environment for statistical computing
  • 83
    • 84901052729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological effects of climate warming on flowering plants and insect pollinators and potential consequences for their interactions
    • PID: 24009624
    • Scaven VL, Rafferty NE (2013) Physiological effects of climate warming on flowering plants and insect pollinators and potential consequences for their interactions. Curr Zool 59:418–426
    • (2013) Curr Zool , vol.59 , pp. 418-426
    • Scaven, V.L.1    Rafferty, N.E.2
  • 85
  • 86
    • 84859090340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenological changes in alpine plants in response to increased snowpack, temperature, and nitrogen
    • Smith JG, Sconiers W, Spasojevic MJ, Ashton IW, Suding KN (2012) Phenological changes in alpine plants in response to increased snowpack, temperature, and nitrogen. Arct Antarct Alp Res 44:135–142
    • (2012) Arct Antarct Alp Res , vol.44 , pp. 135-142
    • Smith, J.G.1    Sconiers, W.2    Spasojevic, M.J.3    Ashton, I.W.4    Suding, K.N.5
  • 87
    • 0036278764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size variation and foraging rate in bumblebees (Bombus terrestris)
    • Spaethe J, Weidenmüller A (2002) Size variation and foraging rate in bumblebees (Bombus terrestris). Insect Soc 49:142–146
    • (2002) Insect Soc , vol.49 , pp. 142-146
    • Spaethe, J.1    Weidenmüller, A.2
  • 88
    • 0035033298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutualism, facilitation, and the structure of ecological communities
    • Stachowicz JJ (2001) Mutualism, facilitation, and the structure of ecological communities. Bioscience 51:235–246
    • (2001) Bioscience , vol.51 , pp. 235-246
    • Stachowicz, J.J.1
  • 89
    • 0242709349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When is it mutualism?
    • PID: 14583853
    • Thomson J (2003) When is it mutualism? Am Nat 162:S1–S9
    • (2003) Am Nat , vol.162 , pp. S1-S9
    • Thomson, J.1
  • 91
    • 25144442337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction frequency as a surrogate for the total effect of animal mutualists on plants
    • Vázquez DP, Morris WF, Jordano P (2005) Interaction frequency as a surrogate for the total effect of animal mutualists on plants. Ecol Lett 8:1088–1094
    • (2005) Ecol Lett , vol.8 , pp. 1088-1094
    • Vázquez, D.P.1    Morris, W.F.2    Jordano, P.3
  • 92
    • 84920194440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wheeler B (2010) lmPerm: Permutation tests for linear models
    • Wheeler B (2010) lmPerm: Permutation tests for linear models
  • 93
    • 0034449109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current and future costs of reproduction in Oxytropis sericea, a perennial plant from the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA
    • Wyka T, Galen C (2000) Current and future costs of reproduction in Oxytropis sericea, a perennial plant from the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA. Antarctic Alpine Res 32:438–448
    • (2000) Antarctic Alpine Res , vol.32 , pp. 438-448
    • Wyka, T.1    Galen, C.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.