Choices in fluid type and volume during resuscitation: impact on patient outcomes

Annals of Intensive Care

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2014, Pages

  Lira, Alena ^a   Pinsky, Michael R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Colloids; Crystalloids; Glycocalyx; Intravascular volume replacement; Osmolality; Systematic review

Indexed keywords

ALBUMIN; BALANCED SALT SOLUTION; CHLORIDE; DEXTRAN; GELATIN; HETASTARCH; SODIUM CHLORIDE;

ACUTE KIDNEY FAILURE; BLOOD FLOW; BLOOD PRESSURE; BLOOD VOLUME; CAPILLARY LEAK SYNDROME; CAPILLARY PERMEABILITY; COLLOID; CRYSTALLOID; DIARRHEA; DIURESIS; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; FLUID RESUSCITATION; FLUID THERAPY; HUMAN; HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE; HYPERCHLOREMIC ACIDOSIS; HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK; INTERSTITIAL FLUID; INTRAVASCULAR SPACE; MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE; ONCOTIC PRESSURE; ORGAN PERFUSION; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SEPSIS; SPLANCHNIC BLOOD FLOW; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TISSUE PRESSURE; VOMITING;

EID: 84917706962     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21105820     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s13613-014-0038-4     Document Type: Review

References (98)

1. Perel P, Roberts I, Ker K: Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill patients.Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013, 2:CD000567.
2. American Thoracic Society: Evidence-based colloid use in the critically ill: American Thoracic Society Consensus Statement.Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004, 170:1247–1259.
3. Reinhart K, Perner A, Sprung CL, Jaeschke R, Schortgen F, Groeneveld ABJ, Beale R, Hartog CS: Consensus statement of the ESICM task force on colloid volume therapy in critically ill patients.Intensive Care Med 2012, 38:368–383.
4. Finfer S, Bette L, Colman T, Bellomo R, Billot L, Cook D, Du B, McArthur C, Myburgh J: Resuscitation fluid use in critically ill adults: an international cross sectional study in 391 intensive care units.Crit Care 2010, 14:R185.
5. Singer M: Management of fluid balance: a European perspective.Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2012, 25:96–101.
6. Annane D, Siami S, Jaber S, Martin C, Elatrous S, Declère AD, Preiser JC, Outin H, Troché G, Charpentier C, Trouillet JL, Kimmoun A, Forceville X, Darmon M, Lesur O, Reignier J, Abroug F, Berger P, Clec’h C, Cousson J, Thibault L, Chevret S, CRISTAL Investigators: Effects of fluid resuscitation with colloids vs crystalloids on mortality in critically ill patients presenting with hypovolemic shock: the CRISTAL trial.J Am Med Assoc 2013, 310:1809–1817.
7. Perner A, Haase N, Guttormsen AB, Tenhunen J, Klemenzson G, Aneman A, Madsen KR, Moller MH, Elkjær JM, Poulsen LM, Bendtsen A, Winding R, Steensen M, Berezowicz P, Søe-Jensen P, Bestle M, Strand K, Wiis J, White JO, Thornberg KJ, Quist L, Nielsen J, Andersen LH, Holst LB, Thormar K, Kjældgaard AL, Fabritius ML, Mondrup F, Pott FC, Moller TP, et al: Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.42 versus Ringer’s acetate in severe sepsis.N Engl J Med 2012, 367:124–134.
8. Myburgh JA, Finfer S, Bellomo R, Billot L, Cass A, Gattas D, Glass P, Lipman J, Liu B, McArthur C, McGuinness S, Rajbhandari D, Taylor CB, Webb SA, CHEST Investigators; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group: Hydroxyethyl starch or saline for fluid resuscitation in intensive care.N Engl J Med 2012, 367:1901–1911.
9. Caironi P, Tognoni G, Masson S, Fumagalli R, Persenti A, Romero M, Fanizza C, Caspani L, Faenza S, Grasselli G, Iapichino G, Antonelli M, Parrini V, Fiore G, Latini R, Gattinoni L, for the ALBIOS Study Investigators: Albumin replacement in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock.N Engl J Med N Engl J Med 2014, 370:1412–1421.
10. Bagshaw SM, Chawla LS: Hydroxyethyl starch for fluid resuscitation in critically ill patients.Can J Anesth 2013, 60:709–713.
11. Mutter TC, Ruth CA, Dart AB: Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) versus other fluid therapies: effect on kidney function.Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013, 7:CD007594.
12. Zarychanski R, Abou-Setta AM, Turgeon AF, Houston BL, McIntyre L, Marshall JC, Fergusson DA: Association of hydroxyethyl starch administration with mortality and acute kidney injury in critically ill patients requiring volume resuscitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Am Med Assoc 2013, 309:678–688.
13. Serpa Neto A, Veelo D, Peireira VG, DeAssuncao MS, Maneta JA, Esposito DC, Schultz M: Fluid resuscitation with hydroxyethyl starches in patients with sepsis associated with an increased incidence of acute kidney injury and use of renal replacement therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.J Crit Care 2014, 29:185. e1-e7.
14. Thomas-Rueddel DO, Vlasakov V, Reinhart K, Jaeschke R, Rueddel H, Hutagalung R, Stacke A, Hartog CS: Safety of gelatin for volume resuscitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Intensive Care Med 2012, 38:1134–1142.
15. Rochwerg B, Alhazani W, Sindi A, Heels-Ansdell D, Thabane L, Fox-Robichaud A, Mbuagbaw L, Szczeklik W, Alshamsi F, Altayyar S, Ip WC, Li G, Wang M, Wludarczyk A, Zhou Q, Guyatt GH, Cook DJ, Jaeschke R, Annane D, Fluids in Sepsis and Septic Shock Group: Fluid resuscitation in sepsis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Ann Intern Med 2014, 161:347–355.
16. Gattas JD, Dan A, Myburgh J, Billot L, Lo S, Finfer S: Fluid resuscitation with 6% hydroxyethyl starch (130/0.4) in acutely ill patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Anesth Analg 2012, 114:159–169.
17. Haase N, Perner A, Hennings LI, Siegemund M, Lauridsen B, Wetterslev M, Wetterslev J: Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.38-0.45 versus crystalloid or albumin in patients with sepsis: systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.BMJ 2013, 346:f839.
18. Phillips DP, Kaynar AM, Kellum JA, Gomez H: Crystalloids vs colloids: KO at the twelfth round?Crit Care 2013, 17:319.
19. Schierhout H, Roberts I: Fluid resuscitation with colloid or crystalloid solutions in critically ill patients: a systematic review of randomized trials.BMJ 1998, 316:961–964.
20. Choi PT, Yip G, Quinonez LG, Cook DJ: Crystalloids versus colloids in fluid resuscitation: a systematic review.Crit Care Med 1999, 27:200–210.
21. Severs D, Hoorn EJ, Rookmaaker MB: A critical appraisal of intravenous fluids: from the physiological basis to clinical evidence.Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014, 1–10, doi:10.1093/ndt/gfu005.
22. Gillies MA, Habicher M, Jhanji S, Mythen M, Hamilton M, Pearse RM: Incidence of postoperative death and acute kidney injury associated with i.v. 6% hydroxyethyl starch use: systematic review and meta-analysis.Brit J Anesth 2013, 112:25–34.
23. Burdett E, Dushianthan A, Bennett-Guerrero E, Cro S, Gan TJ, Grocott MP, James MF, Mythen MG, O’Malley CM, Roche AM, Rowan K: Perioperative buffered versus non-buffered fluid administration for surgery in adults.Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012, 12:CD004089.
24. Estrada CA, Murugan R: Hydroxyethyl starch in severe sepsis: end of the starch era?Crit Care 2013, 17:310.
25. Myburgh JA, Mythen MG: Resuscitation fluids.N Engl J Med 2013, 369:1243–1251.
26. Latta TA: Malignant cholera: documents communicated by the Central Board of Health, London, relative to the treatment of cholera by the copious injection of aqueous and saline fluids into the veins.Lancet 1832, 18:274–280.
27. Thompson WL: Rational use of albumin and plasma substitutes.Johns Hopkins Med J 1975, 136:220–225.
28. Barsoum N, Kleeman C: Now and then, the history of parenteral fluid administration.Am J Nephrol 2002, 22:284–289.
29. Kellum JA, Song M, Li J: Science review: extracellular acidosis and the immune response: clinical and pathophysiologic implications.Crit Care 2004, 8:331–336.
30. Groeneveld AB, Navickis RJ, Wilkes MM: Update on the comparative safety of colloids: a systematic review of clinical studies.Ann Surg 2011, 253:470–483.
31. Wiederman CJ, Dunzendorfer S, Gaioni LU, Zaraca F, Joannidis M: Hyperoncotic colloids and acute kidney injury: a meta-analysis of randomized trials.Crit Care 2010, 14:R191.
32. Shaw AD, Bagshaw SM, Goldstein SL, Scherer LA, Duan M, Schermer CR, Kellum JA: Major complications, mortality, and resource utilization after open abdominal surgery: 0.9% saline compared to Plasma-Lyte.Ann Surg 2012, 255:821–829.
33. Yunos NM, Bellomo R, Hegarty C, Story D, Ho L, Bailey M: Association between a chloride-liberal versus chloride-restrictive intravenous fluid administration strategy and kidney injury in critically ill adults.J Am Med Assoc 2012, 308:1566–1572.
34. Hahn RG: Body volumes and fluid kinetics. In Clinical Fluid Therapy in the Perioperative Setting. Edited by Hahn RG. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2011:127.
35. Lee WL, Slutsky AS: Sepsis and endothelial permeability.N Engl J Med 2010, 363:689–691.
36. Woddcock TE, Woodcock TM: Revised Starling equation and the glycocalyx model of transvascular fluid exchange: and improved paradigm for prescribing intravenous fluid therapy.Br J Anesth 2012, 108:384–394.
37. Rehm M, Bruegger D, Christ F, Conzen P, Thiel M, Jacob M, Chappell D, Stoeckelhuber M, Welsch U, Reichart B, Peter K, Becker BF: Shedding of the endothelial glycocalyx in patients undergoing major vascular surgery with global and regional ischemia.Circulation 2007, 116:1896–1906.
38. Steppan J, Hofer S, Funke B, Brenner T, Henrich M, Martin E, Weitz J, Hofmann U, Weigand MA: Sepsis and major abdominal surgery lead to flaking of the endothelial glycocalyx.J Surg Res 2011, 165:136–141.
39. Reed RK, Rubin K: Transcapillary exchange: role and importance of the interstitial fluid pressure and the extracellular matrix.Cardiovasc Res 2010, 87:211–217.
40. Clough G: Relationship between microvascular permeability and ultrastructure.Prog Biophysic Mol Biol 1991, 55:47–69.
41. Vink H, Duling BR: Capillary endothelial surface layer selectively reduces plasma solute distribution volume.Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2000, 278:H285–H289.
42. Sarin H: Physiologic upper limits of pore size of different blood capillary types and another perspective on the dual pore theory of microvascular permeability.J Angiogenes Res 2010, 2:14.
43. Bundgaard-Nielsen M, Jørgensen CC, Secher NH, Kehlet H: Functional intravascular volume deficit in patients before surgery.Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2010, 54:464–469.
44. Haljamae H: Rules of thumb. In Clinical Fluid Therapy in the Perioperative Setting. Edited by Hahn RG. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2011:18.
45. Pierce A, Pittet JF: Inflammatory response to trauma: implications for coagulation and resuscitation.Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2014, 27:246–252.
46. Kolarova H, Ambruzova B, Svihalkova Sindlerova L, Klinke A, Kubala L: Modulation of endothelial glycocalyx structure under inflammatory conditions.Mediators Inflamm 2014, 2014:694312.
47. Chen ZH, Liu ZH, Yu C, Ji DX, Li LS: Endothelial dysfunction in patients with severe acute pancreatitis: improved by continuous blood purification therapy.Int J Artif Organs 2007, 30:393–400.
48. Van der Heijden M, Veheij J, Van Nieuw Amerongen GO, Groeneveld AB: Crystalloid or colloid fluid loading and pulmonary permeability, edema, and injury in septic and nonseptic critically ill patients with hypovolemia.Crit Care Med 2009, 37:1275–1281.
49. Levick JR, Michel CC: Microvascular fluid exchange and the revised Starling principle.Cardiovasc Res 2010, 87:198–210.
50. Jacob M, Chappell D: Reappraising Starling: the physiology of the microcirculation.Curr Opin Crit Care 2013, 19:282–289.
51. Hahn RG: Volume kinetics for infusion fluids.Anesthesiology 2010, 113:470–481.
52. Hahn RG: Crystalloid fluids. In Clinical Fluid Therapy in the Perioperative Setting. Edited by Hahn RG. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2011:1.
53. Bark BP, Persson J, Grände PO: Importance of the infusion rate for the plasma expanding effect of 5% albumin, 6% HES 130/0.4, 4% gelatin, and 0.9% NaCl in the septic rat.Crit Care Med 2013, 41:857–866.
54. Hartog CS, Bauer M, Reinhart K: The efficacy and safety of colloid resuscitation in the critically ill.Anesth Analg 2011, 112(1):156–164.
55. Chowdhury AH, Cox EF, Francis ST, Lobo DN: A randomized, controlled, double-blind crossover study on the effects of 2-L infusion of 0.9% saline and Plasma-Lyte(R) 148 on renal blood flow velocity and renal cortical tissue perfusion in healthy volunteers.Ann Surg 2012, 256:18–24.
56. Mahler SA, Conrad SA, Wang H, Arnold TC: Resuscitation with balanced electrolyte solution prevents hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis.Am J Emerg Med 2011, 29:670–674.
57. Chua HR, Venkatesh B, Stachowski E, Schneider AG, Perkins K, Ladanyi S, Kruger P, Bellomo R: Plasma-Lyte 148 vs 0.9% saline for fluid resuscitation in diabetic ketoacidosis.J Crit Care 2012, 27:138–145.
58. Lobo DN, Stanga Z, Simpson JA, Anderson JA, Rowlands BJ, Allison SP: Dilution and redistribution effects of rapid 2-litre infusion of 0.9% saline and 5% dextrose on hematological parameters and serum biochemistry in normal subjects: a double-blind crossover study.Clin Sci (Lond) 2001, 101:173–179.
59. Guidet B, Soni N, Della Rocca G, Kozek S, Vallet B, Annane D, James M: A balanced view of balanced solutions.Crit Care 2010, 14:325.
60. Hahn RG: Colloid fluids. In Clinical Fluid Therapy in the Perioperative Setting. Edited by Hahn RG. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2011:11.
61. Dubois MJ, Vincent JL: Colloid fluids. In Perioperative Fluid Therapy. Edited by Hahn RG, Prough DS, Svensen CH. New York: Wiley; 2007:153.
62. Wiedermann CJ, Joannidis M: Accumulation of hydroxyethyl starch in human and animal tissues: a systematic review.Intensive Care Med 2014, 40:160–170.
63. Christidis C, Mal F, Ramos J, Senejoux A, Callard P, Navarro R, Trinchet JC, Larrey D, Beaugrand M, Guettier C: Worsening of hepatic dysfunction as a consequence of repeated hydroxyethyl starch infusion.J Hepatol 2001, 35:726–732.
64. Bork K: Pruritus precipitated by hydroxyethyl starch: a review.Br J Dermatol 2005, 152:3–12.
65. Cochrane Inquiries Group Albumin Reviewers: Human albumin administration in critically ill patients: systematic review of randomized controlled trials.BMJ 1998, 317:2350240.
66. Finfer S, Bellomo R, Boyce N, French J, Myburgh J, Norton R, SAFE study investigators: A comparison of albumin and saline for fluid resuscitation in the intensive care unit.N Engl J Med 2004, 350:2247–2256.
67. Finfer S, Myburgh J, Cooper DJ, Bellomo R, Norton R, Bishop N, Kai Lo S, Vallance S, SAFE study investigators, Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; George Institute for International Health, et al: Saline or albumin for fluid resuscitation in patients with traumatic brain injury.N Engl J Med 2007, 357:874–884.
68. Maitland D, Kiguli S, Opoka RO, Engoru C, Olupot-Olupot P, Akech SO, Nueko R, Mtove G, Reyburn H, Lang T, Brent B, Evans JA, Tibendarana JK, Crawley J, Russell EC, Levin M, Babiker AG, Gibb DM: Mortality after fluid bolus in African children with severe infection.N Engl J Med 2011, 364:2483–2495.
69. Finfer S, SAFE study investigators, McEvoy S, Bellomo R, McArthur C, Myburgh J, Norton R: Impact of albumin compared to saline on organ function and mortality of patients with severe sepsis.Intensive Care Med 2011, 37:86–96.
70. Shafer SL: Notice of retraction.Anesth Analg 2010, 111:1567.
71. Shafer SL: Shadow of doubt.Anesth Analg 2011, 112:498–500.
72. Young JB, Utter GH, Schermer CR, Galante JM, Phan HH, Yang Y, Anderson BA, Scherer LA: Saline versus Plasma-Lyte in initial resuscitation of trauma patients: a randomized trial.Ann Surg 2014, 259:255–262.
73. Raghunathan K, Shaw A, Nathanson B, Stürmer T, Brookhart A, Stefan MS, Setoguchi S, Beadles C, Lindenauer PK: Association between the choice of IV crystalloid and in-hospital mortality among critically ill adults with sepsis.Crit Care Med 2014, [Epub ahead of print].
74. Kellum JA: Saline-induced hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.Crit Care Med 2002, 30:259–261.
75. Allen SJ: Fluid therapy and outcome: balance is best.J Extra Corpor Tech 2014, 46:28–32.
76. Disma N, Mameli L, Pistorio A, Davidson A, Barabino P, Locatelli BG, Sonzogni V, Montobbio G: A novel balanced isotonic sodium solution vs normal saline during major surgery in children up to 36 months: a multicenter RCT.Paediatr Anaesth 2014. doi:10.1111/pan.12439. [Epub ahead of print].
77. Yeager MP, Spence BC: Perioperative fluid management: current consensus and controversies.Semin Dial 2006, 19:472–479.
78. Cecconi M, Parsons AK, Rhodes A: What is a fluid challenge?Curr Opin Crit Care 2011, 17:290–295.
79. Cecconi M, Corredor C, Arulkumaran N, Abuella G, Ball J, Grounds RM, Hamilton M, Rhodes A: Clinical review: goal-directed therapy-what is the evidence in surgical patients? The effect on different risk groups.Crit Care 2013, 17:209.
80. Ramsingh DS, Sanghvi C, Gamboa J, Cannesson M, Applegate RL: Outcome impact of goal directed fluid therapy during high risk abdominal surgery in low to moderate risk patients: a randomized controlled trial.J Clin Monit Comp 2013, 27:249–257.
81. Pearse RM, Harrison DA, McDonnald N, Gillies MA, Blunt M, Ackland G, Grocott MP, Ahern A, Griggs K, Scott R, Hinds C, Rowan K, OPTIMISE Study Group: Effect of perioperative, cardiac output-guided hemodynamic therapy algorithm on outcomes following major gastrointestinal surgery: a randomized clinical trial and systematic review.JAMA 2014, 311(21):2181–2190.
82. Miller TE, Gan TJ: Goal directed fluid therapy. In Clinical Fluid Therapy in the Perioperative Setting. Edited by Hahn RG. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2011:91.
83. Boyd JH, Forbes J, Nakada T, Walley KR, Russell JA: Fluid resuscitation in septic shock: a positive fluid balance and elevated central venous pressure are associated with increased mortality.Crit Care Med 2011, 39:259–265.
84. Hamilton MA, Cecconi M, Rhodes A: A systematic review and meta-analysis on the use of preemptive hemodynamic intervention to improve postoperative outcomes in moderate and high-risk surgical patients.Anesth Analg 2011, 112:1392–1402.
85. Doherty M, Buggy DJ: Intraoperative fluids: how much is too much?Br J Anaesth 2012, 109:69–70.
86. The ARISE investigators and the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group: Goal-directed resuscitation for patients with early septic shock.NEJM 2014, 371:1496–1506.
87. Cherpanath TGV, Geerts BF, Lagrand WK, Schultz MJ, Groeneveld ABJ: Basic concepts of fluid responsiveness.Neth Hearth J 2013, 21:530–536.
88. Marik PE, Cavalazzi R, Vasu T: Stroke volume variations and fluid responsiveness. A systematic review of literature.Crit Care Med 2009, 37:2642–2647.
89. Delinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A, Annane D, Gerlach H, Opal SM, Sevransky JE, Sprung CL, Douglas IS, Jaeschke R, Osborn TM, Nunnally ME, Townsend SR, Reinhart K, Kleinpell RM, Angus DC, Deutschman CS, Machado FR, Rubenfeld GD, Webb S, Beale RJ, Vincent JL, Moreno R, Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines Committee including The Pediatric Subgroup: Surviving sepsis 2012.Intensive Care Med 2013, 39:165–228.
90. Investigators PCESS, Yealy DM, Kellum JA, Huang DT, Barnato AE, Weissfeld LA, Pike F, Terndrup T, Wang HE, Hou PC, LoVecchio F, Filbin MR, Shapiro NI, Angus DC: A randomized trial of protocol-based care for early septic shock.N Engl J Med 2014, 370:1683–1693.
91. Wachter J, Kumar A, Lapinsky SE, Marshall J, Dodek P, Arabi Y, Parrillo JE, Dellinger RP, Garland A, Cooperative Antimicrobial Therapy of Septic Shock Database Research Group: Interactions between fluids and vasoactive agents on mortality in septic shock: a multicenter, observational study.Crit Care Med 2014, 42(10):2158–2168.
92. Marik PE, Lemson J: Fluid responsiveness: an evolution of our understanding.Br J Anaesth 2014, 112:617–620.
93. Bartels K, Thiele RH, Gan TJ: Rational fluid management in today’s ICU.Crit Care 2013, 17:S6.
94. Asfar P, Meziani F, Hamel JF, Grelon F, Megarbane B, Anguel N, Mira JP, Dequin PF, Gergaud S, Weiss N, Legay F, Le Tulzo Y, Conrad M, Robert R, Gonzalez F, Guitton C, Tamion F, Tonnelier JM, Guezennec P, Van Der Linden T, Vieillard-Baron A, Mariotte E, Pradel G, Lesieur O, Ricard JD, Hervé F, du Cheyron D, Guerin C, Mercat A, Teboul JL, et al: High versus low blood pressure target in patients with septic shock.NEJM 2014, 370(17):1583–1593.
95. Marik PE, Monnet X, Teboul JL: Hemodynamic parameters to guide fluid therapy.Ann Intensive Care 2011, 1:1.
96. Noblett SE, Snowden CP, Shenton BK, Horgan AF: Randomized clinical trial assessing the effect of Doppler-optimized fluid management on outcome after elective colorectal resection.Br J Surg 2006, 93:1069–1076.
97. Feldheiser A, Pavlova V, Bonomo T, Jones A, Fotopoulou C, Sehouli J, Wernecke KD, Spies C: Balanced crystalloid compared with balanced colloid solution using a goal-directed haemodynamic algorithm.Br J Anaesth 2013, 110:231–240.
98. Yates DR, Davies SJ, Milner HE, Wilson RJ: Crystalloid or colloid for goal-directed fluid therapy in colorectal surgery.Br J Anaesth 2014, 112(2):281–289.