Carbon nanotube based biosensors

Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical

Volumn 207, Issue PartA, 2015, Pages 690-715

  Yang, Ning ^a   Chen, Xianping ^a,b   Ren, Tianling ^b   Zhang, Ping ^a   Yang, Daoguo ^a  

^a GUILIN UNIVERSITY OF ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY   (China)

^b TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Biosensors; CNT based electrodes; CNT field effect transistors; CNTs; Sensing mechanisms

Indexed keywords

EID: 84914110396     PISSN: 09254005     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2014.10.040     Document Type: Review

References (246)

1. C.I.L. Justino, T.A. Rocha-Santos, A.C. Duarte, and T.A. Rocha-Santos Review of analytical figures of merit of sensors and biosensors in clinical applications Trends Anal. Chem. 29 10 2010 1172 1183
2. S. Guo, and S. Dong Biomolecule-nanoparticle hybrids for electrochemical biosensors Trends Anal. Chem. 28 1 2009 96 109
3. X. Zhang, Q. Guo, and D. Cui Recent advances in nanotechnology applied to biosensors Sensors 9 2 2009 1033 1053
4. X. Chen, and V. Pée Catalytic mechanisms, basic roles, and biotechnological and environmental significance of halogenating enzymes Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin. 40 3 2008 183 193
5. B. Cornell, V. Braach-Maksvytis, L. King, P. Osman, B. Raguse, L. Wieczorek, and R. Pace A biosensor that uses ion-channel switches Nature 1997 580 582
6. S. Iijima Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon Nature 354 1991 56 58
7. C.N. Rao, B.C.S.A. Govindaraj, and M. Nath Nanotubes Chem. Phys. Chem. 5 2005 92 97
8. T.W. Odom, J.-L. Huang, P. Kim, and C.M. Lieber Atomic structure and electronic properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes Nature 391 6662 1998 62 64
9. Y. Yun, Z. Dong, V. Shanov, W.R. Heineman, H.B. Halsall, A. Bhattacharya, L. Conforti, R.K. Narayan, W.S. Ball, and M.J. Schulz Nanotube electrodes and biosensors Nano Today 2 6 2007 30 37
10. J. Kong, N.R. Franklin, C. Zhou, M.G. Chapline, S. Peng, K. Cho, and H. Dai Nanotube molecular wires as chemical sensors Science 287 5453 2000 622 625
11. K. Balasubramanian, and M. Burghard Biosensors based on carbon nanotubes Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 385 3 2006 452 468
12. C.B. Jacobs, M.J. Peairs, and B.J. Venton Review: carbon nanotube based electrochemical sensors for biomolecules Anal. Chim. Acta 662 2 2010 105 127
13. Y. Lin, S. Taylor, H. Li, K.A.S. Fernando, L. Qu, W. Wang, L. Gu, B. Zhou, and Y.-P. Sun Advances toward bioapplications of carbon nanotubes J. Mater. Chem. 14 4 2004 527
14. M. Kalbacova, M. Kalbac, L. Dunsch, H. Kataura, and U. Hempel The study of the interaction of human mesenchymal stem cells and monocytes/macrophages with single-walled carbon nanotube films Phys. Status Solidi B 243 13 2006 3514 3518
15. V. Popov Carbon nanotubes: properties and application Mater. Sci. Eng. R: Rep. 43 3 2004 61 102
16. M. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, and A. Jorio Unusual properties and structure of carbon nanotubes Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 34 2004 247 278
17. M. Terrones Science and technology of the twenty-first century: synthesis, properties, and applications of carbon nanotubes Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 33 1 2003 419 501
18. http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/vmd/plugins/nanotube/
19. R. Saito, G. Dresselhaus, and M.S. Dresselhaus Physical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes vol. 4 1998 World Scientific
20. K. Liu, K. Jiang, C. Feng, Z. Chen, and S. Fan A growth mark method for studying growth mechanism of carbon nanotube arrays Carbon 43 14 2005 2850 2856
21. G. Lakshmi, and S.A. Khan Synthesis of CNTs by arc discharge method in water bath Physics of Semiconductor Devices 2014 Springer 601 602
22. K. Vasu, K. Pramoda, K. Moses, A. Govindaraj, and C. Rao Single-walled nanohorns and other nanocarbons generated by submerged arc discharge between carbon electrodes in liquid argon and other media Mater. Res. Express 1 1 2014 015001
23. S. Singhal, C. Singh, P. Singla, and K. Dharamvir Effect of magnetic field on the growth of aligned carbon nanotubes using a metal free arc discharge method and their purification Solid State Phenom. 201 2013 197 209
24. C. Singh, K. Dharamvir, and S. Singhal Production of carbon nanotubes by AC arc discharge method Proceeding of International Conference on Recent Trends in Applied Physics and Material Science: RAM 2013 2013 AIP Publishing 287 288
25. A. Joseph Berkmans, S. Ramakrishnan, G. Jain, and P. Haridoss Aligning carbon nanotubes, synthesized using the arc discharge technique, during and after synthesis Carbon 55 2013 185 195
26. A. Al-Hamaoy, E. Chikarakara, H. Jawad, K. Gupta, D. Kumar, M. Rao, S. Krishnamurthy, M. Morshed, E. Fox, and D. Brougham Liquid phase-pulsed laser ablation: a route to fabricate different carbon nanostructures Appl. Surf. Sci. 302 2013 141 144
27. A. Jedrzejewska, A. Bachmatiuk, I. Ibrahim, H. Šreková, C. Nganou, F. Schüchner, E. Borowiak-Palen, T. Gemming, G. Cuniberti, and B. Büchner A systematic and comparative study of binary metal catalysts for carbon nanotube fabrication using CVD and laser evaporation Fullerenes Nanotubes Carbon Nanostruct. 21 4 2013 273 285
28. I. Ka, V. Le Borgne, D. Ma, and M. El Khakani Pulsed laser ablation based direct synthesis of single-wall carbon nanotube/PbS quantum dot nanohybrids exhibiting strong, spectrally wide and fast photoresponse (Adv. Mater. 47/2012) Adv. Mater. 24 47 2012 6288
29. 2 laser ablation Appl. Surf. Sci. 258 18 2012 6958 6962
30. K.-Y. Niu, J. Sun, J. Yang, and X.-W. Du The synthesis of carbon nanotubes by pulsed-laser ablation of a nickel/carbon composite target in ethanol or ambient air Sci. Adv. Mater. 4 3-4 2012 3 4
31. A. Kumar, S. Husain, S. Parveen, J. Ali, M. Zulfequar, and M. Husain Raman characteristics of vertically aligned single wall carbon nanotubes grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system Physics of Semiconductor Devices 2014 Springer 563 564
32. S. ChandraKishore, and A. Pandurangan Electrophoretic deposition of cobalt catalyst layer over stainless steel for the high yield synthesis of carbon nanotubes Appl. Surf. Sci. 258 20 2012 7936 7942
33. B. Toboonsung, and P. Singjai Growth of CNTs using liquefied petroleum gas as carbon source by chemical vapor deposition method Adv. Mater. Res. 770 2013 116 119
34. 4 catalyst by CVD Chem. Eng. J. 222 2013 472 477
35. C.M. Seah, S.P. Chai, S. Ichikawa, and A.R. Mohamed Parametric study of methane catalytic CVD into single-walled carbon nanotubes using spin-coated iron nanoparticles Chem. Vapor Depos. 19 1-3 2013 53 60
36. 3 catalyst by the catalytic chemical vapor deposition of methane Adv. Nat. Sci.: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 4 3 2013 035018
37. 60 colloidal solutions Carbon 68 2014 80 86
38. J. Ali, A. Kumar, S. Husain, S. Parveen, S. Khan, and M. Husain Field-emission study of carbon nanotubes grown by low pressure chemical vapour deposition on single and dual layer of catalyst Physics of Semiconductor Devices 2014 Springer 527 529
39. X. Fu, X. Cui, X. Wei, and J. Ma Investigation of low and mild temperature for synthesis of high quality carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition Appl. Surf. Sci. 292 2014 645 649
40. 2 nanocatalyst wrapped with multiwalled carbon nanotubes Nanosci. Nanotechnol. Lett. 6 1 2014 62 67
41. Q. Wang, X. Wang, Z. Chai, and W. Hu Low-temperature plasma synthesis of carbon nanotubes and graphene based materials and their fuel cell applications Chem. Soc. Rev. 42 23 2013 8821 8834
42. C. Zhou, H. Chen, Y. Yan, X. Jia, C.-j. Liu, and Y. Yang Argon plasma reduced Pt nanocatalysts supported on carbon nanotube for aqueous phase benzyl alcohol oxidation Catal. Today 211 2013 104 108
43. 2 storage capacity Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 34 10 2013 3046 3054
44. G. Krishnamurthy, and S. Agarwal Efficient synthesis of carbon nanotubes with improved surface area by low-temperature solvothermal route from dichlorobenzene Chem. Papers 67 11 2013 1396 1403
45. D. Xiao, P. Dramou, H. He, L.A. Pham-Huy, H. Li, Y. Yao, and C. Pham-Huy Magnetic carbon nanotubes: synthesis by a simple solvothermal process and application in magnetic targeted drug delivery system J. Nanopart. Res. 14 7 2012 1 12
46. 4 nanocomposites as cathode materials for Li-ion batteries J. Power Sources 195 13 2010 4290 4296
47. 4 nanocomposite for enhanced performance supercapacitor electrode material Mater. Sci. Eng. B 178 10 2013 736 743
48. 2 sheath hierarchy architecture for supercapacitors Nanoscale Res. Lett. 7 1 2012 1 10
49. R.L. Vander Wal Flame synthesis of carbon nanotubes: premixed and diffusion flame configurations illustrating roles of gas composition and catalyst MRS Online Proc. Library 1506 2013 mrsf12-1506-y07-05
50. N.K. Memon, F. Xu, G. Sun, S.J. Dunham, B.H. Kear, and S.D. Tse Flame synthesis of carbon nanotubes and few-layer graphene on metal-oxide spinel powders Carbon 63 2013 478 486
51. S.-S. Hou, W.-C. Huang, and T.-H. Lin Flame synthesis of carbon nanostructures using mixed fuel in oxygen-enriched environment J. Nanopart. Res. 14 11 2012 1 11
52. B. Sun, W. Cao, Y. Guo, Y. Wang, J. Luo, and P. Jiang Flame pyrolysis synthesis of self-oriented carbon nanotubes AIP Adv. 3 9 2013 092102
53. C.P.B. Journet Production of carbon nanotubes Appl. Phys. A 67 1 1998 1 9
54. R. Jasti, and C.R. Bertozzi Progress and challenges for the bottom-up synthesis of carbon nanotubes with discrete chirality Chem. Phys. Lett. 494 1-3 2010 1 7
55. S.M. Bachilo, L. Balzano, J.E. Herrera, F. Pompeo, D.E. Resasco, and R.B. Weisman Narrow (n,m)-distribution of single-walled carbon nanotubes grown using a solid supported catalyst J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 37 2003 11186 11187
56. F. Ren, S.A. Kanaan, M.M. Majewska, G.D. Keskar, S. Azoz, H. Wang, X. Wang, G.L. Haller, Y. Chen, and L.D. Pfefferle Increase in the yield of (and selective synthesis of large-diameter) single-walled carbon nanotubes through water-assisted ethanol pyrolysis J. Catal. 309 2014 419 427
57. A. Moisala, A.G. Nasibulin, D.P. Brown, H. Jiang, L. Khriachtchev, and E.I. Kauppinen Single-walled carbon nanotube synthesis using ferrocene and iron pentacarbonyl in a laminar flow reactor Chem. Eng. Sci. 61 13 2006 4393 4402
58. C.D. Scott, S. Arepalli, P. Nikolaev, and R.E. Smalley Growth mechanisms for single-wall carbon nanotubes in a laser-ablation process Appl. Phys. A 72 5 2001 573 580
59. T. Guo, P.N.A. Thess, D.T. Colbert, and R.E. Smalley Catalytic growth of single-walled nanotubes by laser vaporization Chem. Phys. Lett. 243 1-2 1995 49 54
60. P. Nadejda, D. Katya, J. Ilona, and Z. Ulrich Catalytic growth of carbon nanotubes on zeolite supported iron, ruthenium and iron/ruthenium nanoparticles by chemical vapor deposition in a fluidized bed reactor Powder Technol. 27 1-3 2011 17 25
61. W.-M. Yeoh, K.-Y. Lee, S.-P. Chai, K.-T. Lee, and A.R. Mohamed Synthesis of high purity multi-walled carbon nanotubes over Co-Mo/MgO catalyst by the catalytic chemical vapor deposition of methane New Carbon Mater. 24 2 2009 119 123
62. J. Sumfleth, K. Prehn, M.H.G. Wichmann, S. Wedekind, and K. Schulte A comparative study of the electrical and mechanical properties of epoxy nanocomposites reinforced by CVD- and arc-grown multi-wall carbon nanotubes Compos. Sci. Technol. 70 1 2010 173 180
63. L. Camilli, M. Scarselli, S. Del Gobbo, P. Castrucci, F. Nanni, E. Gautron, S. Lefrant, and M. De Crescenzi The synthesis and characterization of carbon nanotubes grown by chemical vapor deposition using a stainless steel catalyst Carbon 49 10 2011 3307 3315
64. Z. Liu, J.Y. Lee, W. Chen, M. Han, and L.M. Gan Physical and electrochemical characterizations of microwave-assisted polyol preparation of carbon-supported PtRu nanoparticles Langmuir 20 1 2004 181 187
65. 2 composites synthesized by microwave-assisted method for supercapacitors with high power and energy densities J. Power Sources 194 2009 1202 1207
66. L.C. Clark, and C. Lyons Electrode systems for continuous monitoring in cardiovascular surgery Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 102 1 1962 29 45
67. M. Raicopol, A. Prunə, C. Damian, and L. Pilan Functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes/polypyrrole composites for amperometric glucose biosensors Nanoscale Res. Lett. 8 1 2013 1 8
68. X. Guo Single-molecule electrical biosensors based on single-walled carbon nanotubes Adv. Mater. 25 25 2013 3397 3408
69. B.L. Allen, P.D. Kichambare, and A. Star Carbon nanotube field-effect-transistor-based biosensors Adv. Mater. 19 11 2007 1439 1451
70. D.R. Thévenot, K. Toth, R.A. Durst, and G.S. Wilson Electrochemical biosensors: recommended definitions and classification Biosens. Bioelectron. 16 1 2001 121 131
71. J. Wang Carbon-nanotube based electrochemical biosensors: a review Electroanalysis 17 1 2005 7 14
72. L. Meng, P. Wu, G. Chen, C. Cai, Y. Sun, and Z. Yuan Low potential detection of glutamate based on the electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH at thionine/single-walled carbon nanotubes composite modified electrode Biosens. Bioelectron. 24 6 2009 1751 1756
73. B. Liang, L. Li, X. Tang, Q. Lang, H. Wang, F. Li, J. Shi, W. Shen, I. Palchetti, M. Mascini, and A. Liu Microbial surface display of glucose dehydrogenase for amperometric glucose biosensor Biosens. Bioelectron. 45 2013 19 24
74. E. Magner Trends in electrochemical biosensors Analyst 123 10 1998 1967 1970
75. S.c. Li, J.h. Chen, H. Cao, D.s. Yao, and D.l. Liu Amperometric biosensor for aflatoxin B1 based on aflatoxin-oxidase immobilized on multiwalled carbon nanotubes Food Control 22 1 2011 43 49
76. L. Zhu, L. Xu, L. Tan, H. Tan, S. Yang, and S. Yao Direct electrochemistry of cholesterol oxidase immobilized on gold nanoparticles-decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes and cholesterol sensing Talanta 106 2013 192 199
77. M. Moyo, J.O. Okonkwo, and N.M. Agyei An amperometric biosensor based on horseradish peroxidase immobilized onto maize tassel-multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode for determination of heavy metal ions in aqueous solution Enzyme Microb. Technol. 56 2014 28 34
78. M. Musameh, J. Wang, A. Merkoci, and Y. Lin Low-potential stable NADH detection at carbon-nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrodes Electrochem. Commun. 4 10 2002 743 746
79. J. Manso, M. Mena, P. Yanez-Sedeno, and J. Pingarron Electrochemical biosensors based on colloidal gold-carbon nanotubes composite electrodes J. Electroanal. Chem. 603 1 2007 1 7
80. S.M. Bachilo, M.S. Strano, C. Kittrell, R.H. Hauge, R.E. Smalley, and R.B. Weisman Structure-assigned optical spectra of single-walled carbon nanotubes Science 298 5602 2002 2361 2366
81. M.J. O'connell, S.M. Bachilo, C.B. Huffman, V.C. Moore, M.S. Strano, E.H. Haroz, K.L. Rialon, P.J. Boul, W.H. Noon, and C. Kittrell Band gap fluorescence from individual single-walled carbon nanotubes Science 297 5581 2002 593 596
82. A. Hartschuh, H.N. Pedrosa, L. Novotny, and T.D. Krauss Simultaneous fluorescence and Raman scattering from single carbon nanotubes Science 301 5638 2003 1354 1356
83. Y. Saito, K. Hata, A. Takakura, J. Yotani, and S. Uemura Field emission of carbon nanotubes and its application as electron sources of ultra-high luminance light-source devices Phys. B: Condens. Matter 323 1 2002 30 37
84. B. Crawford, D. Esposito, V. Jain, and D. Pelletier Flexible Carbon Nanotube Based Temperature Sensor for Ultra-Small-Site Applications 2007
85. P.W. Barone, S. Baik, D.A. Heller, and M.S. Strano Near-infrared optical sensors based on single-walled carbon nanotubes Nat. Mat. 4 1 2004 86 92
86. J.N. Coleman, U. Khan, W.J. Blau, and Y.K. Gun'ko Small but strong: a review of the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube-polymer composites Carbon 44 9 2006 1624 1652
87. J. Campbell, and W. Ferguson The temperature and strain-rate dependence of the shear strength of mild steel Philos. Mag. 21 169 1970 63 82
88. M.T. Martínez, Y.-C. Tseng, N. Ormategui, I. Loinaz, R. Eritja, and J. Bokor Label-free DNA biosensors based on functionalized carbon nanotube field effect transistors Nano Lett. 9 2 2009 530 536
89. T. Helbling, C. Roman, and C. Hierold Signal-to-noise ratio in carbon nanotube electromechanical piezoresistive sensors Nano Lett. 10 9 2010 3350 3354
90. S. Liu, and X. Guo Carbon nanomaterials field-effect-transistor-based biosensors NPG Asia Mater. 4 8 2012 e23
91. H.R. Byon, and H.C. Choi Network single-walled carbon nanotube-field effect transistors (SWNT-FETs) with increased Schottky contact area for highly sensitive biosensor applications J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 7 2006 2188 2189
92. X.W. Tang, S. Bansaruntip, N. Nakayama, E. Yenilmez, Y.L. Chang, and Q. Wang Carbon nanotube DNA sensor and sensing mechanism Nano Lett. 6 8 2006 1632 1636
93. K. Maehashi, and K. Matsumoto Label-free electrical detection using carbon nanotube-based biosensors Sensors 9 7 2009 5368 5378
94. M.-J.B. Kim, S. Woo, J.W. Kim, Y. Kim, M.E. Kim, and S.-J. Chung Comparison of the carbon nano tube field effect transistor based immunosensor and ELISA for detecting BRCA1 from mouse serum J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1 2013 18 24
95. A. Star, J.-C.P. Gabriel, K. Bradley, and G. Grüner Electronic detection of specific protein binding using nanotube FET devices Nano Lett. 3 4 2003 459 463
96. R.A. Villamizar, A. Maroto, F.X. Rius, I. Inza, and M.J. Figueras Fast detection of Salmonella infantis with carbon nanotube field effect transistors Biosens. Bioelectron. 24 2 2008 279 283
97. J. Oh, G. Yoo, Y.W. Chang, H.J. Kim, J. Jose, E. Kim, J.C. Pyun, and K.H. Yoo A carbon nanotube metal semiconductor field effect transistor-based biosensor for detection of amyloid-beta in human serum Biosens. Bioelectron. 50 2013 345 350
98. T. Sharf, J.W. Kevek, T. Deborde, J.L. Wardini, and E.D. Minot Origins of charge noise in carbon nanotube field-effect transistor biosensors Nano Lett. 12 12 2012 6380 6384
99. U. Yogeswaran, and S.M. Chen Recent trends in the application of carbon nanotubes-polymer composite modified electrodes for biosensors: a review Anal. Lett. 41 2 2008 210 243
100. B. Pérez-López, and A. Merkoçi Carbon nanotubes and graphene in analytical sciences Microchim. Acta 179 1-2 2012 1 16
101. C. Nie, L. Pan, H. Li, T. Chen, T. Lu, and Z. Sun Electrophoretic deposition of carbon nanotubes film electrodes for capacitive deionization J. Electroanal. Chem. 666 2012 85 88
102. Y.-S. Chen, and J.-H. Huang Electrochemical sensing of bovine serum albumin at self-assembled SWCNTs on gold Diam. Relat. Mater. 18 2 2009 516 519
103. 2+-doped silica nanoparticles Chem. Commun. 33 2009 4968 4970
104. J. Lin, C. He, L. Zhang, and S. Zhang Sensitive amperometric immunosensor for α-fetoprotein based on carbon nanotube/gold nanoparticle doped chitosan film Anal. Biochem. 384 1 2009 130 135
105. B.S. Munge, C.E. Krause, R. Malhotra, V. Patel, J. Silvio Gutkind, and J.F. Rusling Electrochemical immunosensors for interleukin-6. Comparison of carbon nanotube forest and gold nanoparticle platforms Electrochem. Commun. 11 5 2009 1009 1012
106. P. Kara, A. de la Escosura-Muñiz, M. Maltez-da Costa, M. Guix, M. Ozsoz, and A. Merkoçi Aptamers based electrochemical biosensor for protein detection using carbon nanotubes platforms Biosens. Bioelectron. 26 4 2010 1715 1718
107. A.C. Dias, S.L. Gomes-Filho, M. Silva, and R.F. Dutra A sensor tip based on carbon nanotube-ink printed electrode for the dengue virus NS1 protein Biosens. Bioelectron. 44 2013 216 221
108. N. Chauhan, and C.S. Pundir An amperometric uric acid biosensor based on multiwalled carbon nanotube-gold nanoparticle composite Anal. Biochem. 413 2 2011 97 103
109. S. Zhang, S. Li, J. Ma, F. Xiong, and S. Qu Detection of carbofuran with immobilized acetylcholinesterase based on carbon nanotubes-chitosan modified electrode J. Nanomater. 2013 2013 8
110. S. Yadav, R. Devi, S. Kumari, S. Yadav, and C. Pundir An amperometric oxalate biosensor based on sorghum oxalate oxidase bound carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes-polyaniline composite film J. Biotechnol. 151 2 2011 212 217
111. F. Rohrbach, H. Karadeniz, A. Erdem, M. Famulok, and G. Mayer Label-free impedimetric aptasensor for lysozyme detection based on carbon nanotube-modified screen-printed electrodes Anal. Biochem. 421 2 2012 454 459
112. F. Hu, S. Chen, C. Wang, R. Yuan, Y. Xiang, and C. Wang Multi-wall carbon nanotube-polyaniline biosensor based on lectin-carbohydrate affinity for ultrasensitive detection of Con A Biosens. Bioelectron. 34 1 2012 202 207
113. S. Khezrian, A. Salimi, H. Teymourian, and R. Hallaj Label-free electrochemical IgE aptasensor based on covalent attachment of aptamer onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes/ionic liquid/chitosan nanocomposite modified electrode Biosens. Bioelectron. 43 2013 218 225
114. M. Silva, A.C. Dias, B.V. Silva, S.L. Gomes-Filho, L.T. Kubota, M.O. Goulart, and R.F. Dutra Electrochemical detection of dengue virus NS1 protein with a poly (allylamine/carbon nanotube layered immunoelectrode J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 717 2014 17 23
115. A. Erdem, and G. Congur Dendrimer modified 8-channel screen-printed electrochemical array system for impedimetric detection of activated protein C Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 196 2014 168 174
116. M. Mazloum-Ardakani, and A. Khoshroo High sensitive sensor based on functionalized carbon nanotube/ionic liquid nanocomposite for simultaneous determination of norepinephrine and serotonin J. Electroanal. Chem. 2014
117. 2 microsphere J. Solid State Electrochem. 18 1 2014 207 213
118. E. Canbay, and E. Akyilmaz Design of a multiwalled carbon nanotube-nafion-cysteamine modified tyrosinase biosensor and its adaptation of dopamine determination Anal. Biochem. 444 2014 8 15
119. J. Lin, C. He, Y. Zhao, and S. Zhang One-step synthesis of silver nanoparticles/carbon nanotubes/chitosan film and its application in glucose biosensor Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 137 2 2009 768 773
120. Y.-T. Wang, L. Yu, Z.-Q. Zhu, J. Zhang, J.-Z. Zhu, and C.-h. Fan Improved enzyme immobilization for enhanced bioelectrocatalytic activity of glucose sensor Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 136 2 2009 332 337
121. X. Li, Q. Zhu, S. Tong, W. Wang, and W. Song Self-assembled microstructure of carbon nanotubes for enzymeless glucose sensor Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 136 2 2009 444 450
122. 4 magnetic nanoparticle dispersed multiwalled carbon nanotubes based amperometric glucose biosensor Talanta 80 5 2010 2016 2022
123. W.-D. Zhang, J. Chen, L.-C. Jiang, Y.-X. Yu, and J.-Q. Zhang A highly sensitive nonenzymatic glucose sensor based on NiO-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes Microchim. Acta 168 3-4 2010 259 265
124. Q. Gao, Y. Guo, W. Zhang, H. Qi, and C. Zhang An amperometric glucose biosensor based on layer-by-layer GOx-SWCNT conjugate/redox polymer multilayer on a screen-printed carbon electrode Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 153 1 2011 219 225
125. K.J. Chen, C.F. Lee, J. Rick, S.H. Wang, C.C. Liu, and B.J. Hwang Fabrication and application of amperometric glucose biosensor based on a novel PtPd bimetallic nanoparticle decorated multi-walled carbon nanotube catalyst Biosens. Bioelectron. 33 1 2012 75 81
126. T. Hoshino, S.-i. Sekiguchi, and H. Muguruma Amperometric biosensor based on multilayer containing carbon nanotube, plasma-polymerized film, electron transfer mediator phenothiazine, and glucose dehydrogenase Bioelectrochemistry 84 2012 1 5
127. J. Li, D. Kuang, Y. Feng, F. Zhang, and M. Liu Glucose biosensor based on glucose oxidase immobilized on a nanofilm composed of mesoporous hydroxyapatite, titanium dioxide, and modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes Microchim. Acta 176 1-2 2012 73 80
128. 2 nanocomposite for direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase and glucose sensing Biosens. Bioelectron. 41 2013 698 703
129. L. Pilan, and M. Raicopol Highly selective and stable glucose biosensors based on polyaniline/carbon nanotubes composites U.P.B. Sci. Bull. 76 1 2014 1454 2331
130. 2/carbon nanotube nanocomposite as electrode material for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline electrolyte and enzyme-free glucose detection Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 154 2014 213 220
131. Y. Yu, Z. Chen, S. He, B. Zhang, X. Li, and M. Yao Direct electron transfer of glucose oxidase and biosensing for glucose based on PDDA-capped gold nanoparticle modified graphene/multi-walled carbon nanotubes electrode Biosens. Bioelectron. 52 2014 147 152
132. F. Berti, L. Lozzi, I. Palchetti, S. Santucci, and G. Marrazza Aligned carbon nanotube thin films for DNA electrochemical sensing Electrochim. Acta 54 22 2009 5035 5041
133. J. Shi, T.-G. Cha, J.C. Claussen, A.R. Diggs, J.H. Choi, and D.M. Porterfield Microbiosensors based on DNA modified single-walled carbon nanotube and Pt black nanocomposites Analyst 136 23 2011 4916 4924
134. Q. Wang, B. Zhang, X. Lin, and W. Weng Hybridization biosensor based on the covalent immobilization of probe DNA on chitosan-mutiwalled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite by using glutaraldehyde as an arm linker Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 156 2 2011 599 605
135. M. Wang, W. Gong, Q. Meng, and Y. Zhang Electrochemical DNA impedance biosensor for the detection of DNA hybridization with polymeric film, single walled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode Russ. J. Electrochem. 47 12 2011 1368 1373
136. T. Yang, N. Zhou, Y. Zhang, W. Zhang, K. Jiao, and G. Li Synergistically improved sensitivity for the detection of specific DNA sequences using polyaniline nanofibers and multi-walled carbon nanotubes composites Biosens. Bioelectron. 24 7 2009 2165 2170
137. Y. Zhang, J. Wang, and M. Xu A sensitive DNA biosensor fabricated with gold nanoparticles/poly (p-aminobenzoic acid)/carbon nanotubes modified electrode Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces 75 1 2010 179 185
138. F. Li, J. Peng, J. Wang, H. Tang, L. Tan, Q. Xie, and S. Yao Carbon nanotube-based label-free electrochemical biosensor for sensitive detection of miRNA-24 Biosens. Bioelectron. 54 2014 158 164
139. B. Batra, S. Lata, M. Sharma, and C. Pundir An acrylamide biosensor based on immobilization of hemoglobin onto multiwalled carbon nanotube/copper nanoparticles/polyaniline hybrid film Anal. Biochem. 433 2 2013 210 217
140. M. Tominaga, S. Nomura, and I. Taniguchi d-Fructose detection based on the direct heterogeneous electron transfer reaction of fructose dehydrogenase adsorbed onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized on platinum electrode Biosens. Bioelectron. 24 5 2009 1184 1188
141. F. Charmantray, N. Touisni, L. Hecquet, and C. Mousty Amperometric biosensor based on galactose oxidase immobilized in clay matrix Electroanalysis 25 3 2013 630 635
142. G. Zhao, X. Zhan, and W. Dou A disposable immunosensor for Shigella flexneri based on multiwalled carbon nanotube/sodium alginate composite electrode Anal. Biochem. 408 1 2011 53 58
143. L. Xu, J. Du, Y. Deng, and N. He Electrochemical detection of E. coli O157:H7 using porous pseudo-carbon paste electrode modified with carboxylic multi-walled carbon nanotubes, glutaraldehyde and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane J. Biomed. Nanotechnol. 8 6 2012 1006 1011
144. K.-C. Lin, Y.-S. Li, and S.-M. Chen Electrochemical determination of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and hydrogen peroxide based on poly (xanthurenic acid), flavin adenine dinucleotide and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 184 2013 212 219
145. A.C. Torres, M.E. Ghica, and C.M. Brett Design of a new hypoxanthine biosensor: xanthine oxidase modified carbon film and multi-walled carbon nanotube/carbon film electrodes Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 405 11 2013 3813 3822
146. L. Li, B. Liang, J. Shi, F. Li, M. Mascini, and A. Liu A selective and sensitive d-xylose electrochemical biosensor based on xylose dehydrogenase displayed on the surface of bacteria and multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified electrode Biosens. Bioelectron. 33 1 2012 100 105
147. 4 NPs/MWCNT nanocomposite: application to simultaneous determination of guanine and adenine in DNA Bioelectrochemistry 86 2012 78 86
148. X. Wu, Y. Chai, R. Yuan, X. Zhong, and J. Zhang Synthesis of multiwall carbon nanotubes-graphene oxide-thionine-Au nanocomposites for electrochemiluminescence detection of cholesterol Electrochim. Acta 129 2014 441 449
149. E. Casero, C. Alonso, M.D. Petit-Domínguez, L. Vázquez, A.M. Parra-Alfambra, P. Merino, S. Álvarez-García, A. de Andrés, E. Suárez, and F. Pariente Lactate biosensor based on a bionanocomposite composed of titanium oxide nanoparticles, photocatalytically reduced graphene, and lactate oxidase Microchim. Acta 181 1-2 2014 79 87
150. S.R. Chinnadayyala, A. Kakoti, M. Santhosh, and P. Goswami A novel amperometric alcohol biosensor developed in a 3rd generation bioelectrode platform using peroxidase coupled ferrocene activated alcohol oxidase as biorecognition system Biosens. Bioelectron. 55 2014 120 126
151. H. Dai Carbon nanotubes: synthesis, integration, and properties Acc. Chem. Res. 35 12 2002 1035 1044
152. M.M. Musameh, Y. Gao, M. Hickey, and I.L. Kyratzis Application of carbon nanotubes in the extraction and electrochemical detection of organophosphate pesticides: a review Anal. Lett. 45 8 2012 783 803
153. I. Pavlidis, T. Tsoufis, A. Enotiadis, D. Gournis, and H. Stamatis Functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes for lipase immobilization Adv. Eng. Mater. 12 5 2010 B179 B183
154. I.V. Pavlidis, T. Vorhaben, D. Gournis, G.K. Papadopoulos, U.T. Bornscheuer, and H. Stamatis Regulation of catalytic behaviour of hydrolases through interactions with functionalized carbon-based nanomaterials J. Nanopart. Res. 14 5 2012 1 10
155. A. Miodek, G. Castillo, T. Hianik, and H. Korri-Youssoufi Electrochemical aptasensor of human cellular prion based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified with dendrimers: a platform for connecting redox markers and aptamers Anal. Chem. 85 16 2013 7704 7712
156. W. Yang, K.R. Ratinac, S.P. Ringer, P. Thordarson, J.J. Gooding, and F. Braet Carbon nanomaterials in biosensors: should you use nanotubes or graphene? Angew. Chem. 49 12 2010 2114 2138
157. M.M. Rahman, A. Umar, and K. Sawada Development of amperometric glucose biosensor based on glucose oxidase co-immobilized with multi-walled carbon nanotubes at low potential Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 137 1 2009 327 333
158. W. Feng, and P. Ji Enzymes immobilized on carbon nanotubes Biotechnol. Adv. 29 6 2011 889 895
159. L. Agui, P. Yanez-Sedeno, and J.M. Pingarron Role of carbon nanotubes in electroanalytical chemistry: a review Anal. Chim. Acta 622 1-2 2008 11 47
160. M.V. Jose, S. Marx, H. Murata, R.R. Koepsel, and A.J. Russell Direct electron transfer in a mediator-free glucose oxidase-based carbon nanotube-coated biosensor Carbon 50 11 2012 4010 4020
161. M. Wooten, S. Karra, M. Zhang, and W. Gorski On the direct electron transfer, sensing, and enzyme activity in the glucose oxidase/carbon nanotubes system Anal. Chem. 86 1 2013 752 757
162. G. Yang, Z. Kang, X. Ye, T. Wu, and Q. Zhu Molecular simulation of flavin adenine dinucleotide immobilized on charged single-walled carbon nanotubes for biosensor applications Biomaterials 33 34 2012 8757 8770
163. T. Fujigaya, and N. Nakashima Methodology for homogeneous dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes by physical modification Polym. J. 40 7 2008 577 589
164. Z. Špitalský, L. Matějka, M. Šlouf, E.N. Konyushenko, J. Kovářová, J. Zemek, and J.í. Kotek Modification of carbon nanotubes and its effect on properties of carbon nanotube/epoxy nanocomposites Polym. Compos. 30 10 2009 1378 1387
165. J. Hasan, R.J. Crawford, and E.P. Ivanova Antibacterial surfaces: the quest for a new generation of biomaterials Trends Biotechnol. 31 5 2013 295 304
166. E. Luais, C. Thobie-Gautier, A. Tailleur, M.A. Djouadi, A. Granier, P.Y. Tessier, D. Debarnot, F. Poncin-Epaillard, and M. Boujtita Preparation and modification of carbon nanotubes electrodes by cold plasmas processes toward the preparation of amperometric biosensors Electrochim. Acta 55 27 2010 7916 7922
167. Y. Zhang, Y. Bai, and B. Yan Functionalized carbon nanotubes for potential medicinal applications Drug Discov. Today 15 11-12 2010 428 435
168. Y.-L. Zhao, and J.F. Stoddart Noncovalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes Acc. Chem. Res. 42 8 2009 1161 1171
169. D. Tuncel Non-covalent interactions between carbon nanotubes and conjugated polymers Nanoscale 3 9 2011 3545 3554
170. M. Sheikholeslam, M. Pritzker, and P. Chen Dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in water using ionic-complementary peptides Langmuir 28 34 2012 12550 12556
171. M. Holzinger, J. Baur, R. Haddad, X. Wang, and S. Cosnier Multiple functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes by dip coating Chem. Commun. 47 8 2011 2450 2452
172. M. Kawaguchi, J. Ohno, A. Irie, T. Fukushima, J. Yamazaki, and N. Nakashima Dispersion stability and exothermic properties of DNA-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes Int. J. Nanomed. 6 2011
173. H. Chen, F. Xi, X. Gao, Z. Chen, and X. Lin Bienzyme bionanomultilayer electrode for glucose biosensing based on functional carbon nanotubes and sugar-lectin biospecific interaction Anal. Biochem. 403 1 2010 36 42
174. A. Tan, S.Y. Madani, J. Rajadas, G. Pastorin, and A.M. Seifalian Synergistic photothermal ablative effects of functionalizing carbon nanotubes with a POSS-PCU nanocomposite polymer J. Nanobiotechnol. 10 1 2012 1 8
175. C. Iancu, L. Mocan, C. Bele, A.I. Orza, F.A. Tabaran, C. Catoi, R. Stiufiuc, A. Stir, C. Matea, and D. Iancu Enhanced laser thermal ablation for the in vitro treatment of liver cancer by specific delivery of multiwalled carbon nanotubes functionalized with human serum albumin Int. J. Nanomed. 6 2011 129
176. M. Bottini, N. Rosato, and N. Bottini PEG-modified carbon nanotubes in biomedicine: current status and challenges ahead Biomacromolecules 12 10 2011 3381 3393
177. H. Yu, Y. Jin, F. Peng, H. Wang, and J. Yang Kinetically controlled side-wall functionalization of carbon nanotubes by nitric acid oxidation J. Phys. Chem. C 112 17 2008 6758 6763
178. J. Zhang, H. Zou, Q. Qing, Y. Yang, Q. Li, Z. Liu, X. Guo, and Z. Du Effect of chemical oxidation on the structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes J. Phys. Chem. B 107 16 2003 3712 3718
179. A. Battigelli, C. Menard-Moyon, T. Da Ros, M. Prato, and A. Bianco Endowing carbon nanotubes with biological and biomedical properties by chemical modifications Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 65 15 2013 1899 1920
180. J. Meng, J. Duan, H. Kong, L. Li, C. Wang, S. Xie, S. Chen, N. Gu, H. Xu, and X.D. Yang Carbon nanotubes conjugated to tumor lysate protein enhance the efficacy of an antitumor immunotherapy Small 4 9 2008 1364 1370
181. S.H. Yoshimura, S. Khan, S. Ohno, T. Yokogawa, K. Nishikawa, T. Hosoya, H. Maruyama, Y. Nakayama, and K. Takeyasu Site-specific attachment of a protein to a carbon nanotube end without loss of protein function Bioconjugate Chem. 23 7 2012 1488 1493
182. C. Sacchetti, K. Motamedchaboki, A. Magrini, G. Palmieri, M. Mattei, S. Bernardini, N. Rosato, N. Bottini, and M. Bottini Surface polyethylene glycol conformation influences the protein corona of polyethylene glycol-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes: potential implications on biological performance ACS Nano 7 3 2013 1974 1989
183. Y. Chen, A. Star, and S. Vidal Sweet carbon nanostructures: carbohydrate conjugates with carbon nanotubes and graphene and their applications Chem. Soc. Rev. 42 11 2013 4532 4542
184. N.G. Portney, and M. Ozkan Nano-oncology: drug delivery, imaging, and sensing Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 384 3 2006 620 630
185. A. Criado, M.J. Gomez-Escalonilla, J.L. Fierro, A. Urbina, D. Pena, E. Guitian, and F. Langa Cycloaddition of benzyne to SWCNT: towards CNT-based paddle wheels Chem. Commun. (Camb.) 46 37 2010 7028 7030
186. H. Ali-Boucetta, A. Nunes, R. Sainz, M.A. Herrero, B. Tian, M. Prato, A. Bianco, and K. Kostarelos Asbestos-like pathogenicity of long carbon nanotubes alleviated by chemical functionalization Angew. Chem. 125 8 2013 2330 2334
187. K.T. Al-Jamal, A. Nunes, L. Methven, H. Ali-Boucetta, S. Li, F.M. Toma, M.A. Herrero, W.T. Al-Jamal, H.M. ten Eikelder, and J. Foster Degree of chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes determines tissue distribution and excretion profile Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 51 26 2012 6389 6393
188. F.C. Vicentini, B.C. Janegitz, C.M.A. Brett, and O. Fatibello-Filho Tyrosinase biosensor based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride within a dihexadecylphosphate film Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 188 2013 1101 1108
189. + composite electrode Talanta 99 2012 697 702
190. A.H. Pourasl, M.T. Ahmadi, M. Rahmani, H.C. Chin, C.S. Lim, R. Ismail, and M.L.P. Tan Analytical modeling of glucose biosensors based on carbon nanotubes Nanoscale Res. Lett. 9 1 2014 1 7
191. A. Fatoni, A. Numnuam, P. Kanatharana, W. Limbut, C. Thammakhet, and P. Thavarungkul A highly stable oxygen-independent glucose biosensor based on a chitosan-albumin cryogel incorporated with carbon nanotubes and ferrocene Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 185 2013 725 734
192. S. Palanisamy, S. Cheemalapati, and S.M. Chen Amperometric glucose biosensor based on glucose oxidase dispersed in multiwalled carbon nanotubes/graphene oxide hybrid biocomposite Mater. Sci. Eng. C: Mater. Biol. Appl. 34 2014 207 213
193. K.-C. Lin, Y.-C. Lin, and S.-M. Chen A highly sensitive nonenzymatic glucose sensor based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes decorated with nickel and copper nanoparticles Electrochim. Acta 96 2013 164 172
194. M. Gougis, A. Tabet-Aoul, D. Ma, and M. Mohamedi Laser synthesis and tailor-design of nanosized gold onto carbon nanotubes for non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 193 2014 363 369
195. J.T. Cang-Rong, and G. Pastorin The influence of carbon nanotubes on enzyme activity and structure: investigation of different immobilization procedures through enzyme kinetics and circular dichroism studies Nanotechnology 20 25 2009 255102
196. M.-C. Tsai, and Y.-C. Tsai Adsorption of glucose oxidase at platinum-multiwalled carbon nanotube-alumina-coated silica nanocomposite for amperometric glucose biosensor Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 141 2 2009 592 598
197. M. Portaccio, D. Di Tuoro, F. Arduini, D. Moscone, M. Cammarota, D.G. Mita, and M. Lepore Laccase biosensor based on screen-printed electrode modified with thionine-carbon black nanocomposite, for bisphenol A detection Electrochim. Acta 109 2013 340 347
198. 2 film layered on metallophthalocyanine modified vertically aligned carbon nanotubes for efficient direct electron transfer Biosens. Bioelectron. 46 2013 113 118
199. N.Ž. Prlainović, D.I. Bezbradica, Z.D. Knežević-Jugović, S.I. Stevanović, M.L. Avramov Ivić, P.S. Uskoković, and D.Ž. Mijin Adsorption of lipase from Candida rugosa on multi walled carbon nanotubes J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 19 1 2013 279 285
200. F.C. Vicentini, B.C. Janegitz, C. Brett, and O. Fatibello-Filho Tyrosinase biosensor based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride within a dihexadecylphosphate film Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 188 2013 1101 1108
201. J.A. Rather, S. Pilehvar, and K. De Wael A biosensor fabricated by incorporation of a redox mediator into a carbon nanotube/nafion composite for tyrosinase immobilization: detection of matairesinol, an endocrine disruptor Analyst 138 1 2013 204 210
202. M.E. Ghica, R. Pauliukaite, O. Fatibello-Filho, and C.M.A. Brett Application of functionalised carbon nanotubes immobilised into chitosan films in amperometric enzyme biosensors Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 142 1 2009 308 315
203. K.Y. Kwon, S.B. Yang, B.-S. Kong, J. Kim, and H.-T. Jung High-performance biosensors based on enzyme precipitate coating in gold nanoparticle-conjugated single-walled carbon nanotube network films Carbon 48 15 2010 4504 4509
204. S. Xu, H. Qi, S. Zhou, X. Zhang, and C. Zhang Mediatorless amperometric bienzyme glucose biosensor based on horseradish peroxidase and glucose oxidase cross-linked to multiwall carbon nanotubes Microchim. Acta 2014 1 7
205. S. Chawla, R. Rawal, S. Sharma, and C.S. Pundir An amperometric biosensor based on laccase immobilized onto nickel nanoparticles/carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polyaniline modified gold electrode for determination of phenolic content in fruit juices Biochem. Eng. J. 68 2012 76 84
206. H. Tan, W. Feng, and P. Ji Lipase immobilized on magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes Bioresour. Technol. 115 2012 172 176
207. A. Kondyurin, I. Levchenko, Z.-J. Han, S. Yick, A. Mai-Prochnow, J. Fang, K. Ostrikov, and M. Bilek Hybrid graphite film-carbon nanotube platform for enzyme immobilization and protection Carbon 65 2013 287 295
208. H. Susanto, A. Samsudin, N. Rokhati, and I. Widiasa Immobilization of glucose oxidase on chitosan-based porous composite membranes and their potential use in biosensors Enzyme Microb. Technol. 52 6 2013 386 392
209. S. Shah, and M.N. Gupta Simultaneous refolding, purification and immobilization of xylanase with multi-walled carbon nanotubes Biochim. Biophys. Acta: Proteins Proteom. 1784 2 2008 363 367
210. B. Wang, J. Zheng, Y. He, and Q. Sheng A sandwich-type phenolic biosensor based on tyrosinase embedding into single-wall carbon nanotubes and polyaniline nanocomposites Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 186 2013 417 422
211. S. Nandini, S. Nalini, S. Shanmugam, P. Niranjana, J.S. Melo, and G.S. Suresh Rhoeo discolor leaf extract as a novel immobilizing matrix for the fabrication of an electrochemical glucose and hydrogen peroxide biosensor Anal. Methods 6 3 2014 863 877
212. J. Chen, D. Liu, S. Li, and D. Yao Development of an amperometric enzyme electrode biosensor for sterigmatocystin detection Enzyme Microb. Technol. 47 4 2010 119 126
213. M.L. Yola, and N. Atar A novel voltammetric sensor based on gold nanoparticles involved in p-aminothiophenol functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes: application to the simultaneous determination of quercetin and rutin Electrochim. Acta 119 2014 24 31
214. P.R. Dalmasso, M.L. Pedano, and G.A. Rivas Dispersion of multi-wall carbon nanotubes in polyhistidine: characterization and analytical applications Anal. Chim. Acta 710 2012 58 64
215. K. Martinek, A. Klibanov, V. Goldmacher, and I. Berezin The principles of enzyme stabilization. I. Increase in thermostability of enzymes covalently bound to a complementary surface of a polymer support in a multipoint fashion Biochim. Biophys. Acta: Enzymol. 485 1 1977 1 12
216. C. Mateo, O. Abian, R. Fernandez-Lafuente, and J.M. Guisan Increase in conformational stability of enzymes immobilized on epoxy-activated supports by favoring additional multipoint covalent attachment Enzyme Microb. Technol. 26 7 2000 509 515
217. H. Takahashi, B. Li, T. Sasaki, C. Miyazaki, T. Kajino, and S. Inagaki Immobilized enzymes in ordered mesoporous silica materials and improvement of their stability and catalytic activity in an organic solvent Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 44 2001 755 762
218. M. Wang, W. Qi, Q. Yu, R. Su, and Z. He Cross-linking enzyme aggregates in the macropores of silica gel: a practical and efficient method for enzyme stabilization Biochem. Eng. J. 52 2 2010 168 174
219. M.Y. Arica Epoxy-derived pHEMA membrane for use bioactive macromolecules immobilization: covalently bound urease in a continuous model system J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 77 9 2000
220. Y. Zhu, J.I. Son, and Y.B. Shim Amplification strategy based on gold nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotubes for neomycin immunosensors Biosens. Bioelectron. 26 3 2010 1002 1008
221. B.C. Janegitz, R. Pauliukaite, M.E. Ghica, C.M.A. Brett, and O. Fatibello-Filho Direct electron transfer of glucose oxidase at glassy carbon electrode modified with functionalized carbon nanotubes within a dihexadecylphosphate film Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 158 1 2011 411 417
222. Y. Kato, A. Inoue, Y. Niidome, and N. Nakashima Thermodynamics on soluble carbon nanotubes: how do DNA molecules replace surfactants on carbon nanotubes? Sci. Rep. 2 2012 733
223. Y. Huang, M. Shi, L. Zhao, S. Zhao, K. Hu, Z.F. Chen, J. Chen, and H. Liang Carbon nanotube signal amplification for ultrasensitive fluorescence polarization detection of DNA methyltransferase activity and inhibition Biosens. Bioelectron. 54 2014 285 291
224. X. Dong, X. Lu, K. Zhang, and Y. Zhang Chronocoulometric DNA biosensor based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with gold nanoparticles, poly(dopamine) and carbon nanotubes Microchim. Acta 180 1-2 2012 101 108
225. Y.C. Tyan, M.H. Yang, T.W. Chung, W.C. Chen, M.C. Wang, Y.L. Chen, S.L. Huang, Y.F. Huang, and S.B. Jong Characterization of surface modification on self-assembled monolayer-based piezoelectric crystal immunosensor for the quantification of serum alpha-fetoprotein J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med. 22 6 2011 1383 1391
226. A.A.P. Ferreira, C.S. Fugivara, H. Yamanaka, and A.V. Benedetti Preparation and Characterization of Imunosensors for Disease Diagnosis 2011
227. J. Tian, H. Zhao, H. Zhao, and X. Quan Photoelectrochemical immunoassay for microcystin-LR based on a fluorine-doped tin oxide glass electrode modified with a CdS-graphene composite Microchim. Acta 179 1-2 2012 163 170
228. X. Yu, B. Munge, V. Patel, G. Jensen, A. Bhirde, J.D. Gong, S.N. Kim, J. Gillespie, J.S. Gutkind, and F. Papadimitrakopoulos Carbon nanotube amplification strategies for highly sensitive immunodetection of cancer biomarkers J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 34 2006 11199 11205
229. P. Norouzi, B. Larijani, M. Ganjali, and F. Faridbod Admittometric electrochemical determination of atrazine by nano-composite immune-biosensor using FFT-square wave voltammetry Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 7 11 2012
230. X. He, K. Wang, and Z. Cheng In vivo near-infrared fluorescence imaging of cancer with nanoparticle-based probes Wiley Interdiscipl. Rev.: Nanomed. Nanobiotechnol. 2 4 2010 349 366
231. F. Long, A. Zhu, C. Gu, and H. Shi Recent Progress in Optical Biosensors for Environmental Applications 2013
232. S. Kruss, A.J. Hilmer, J. Zhang, N.F. Reuel, B. Mu, and M.S. Strano Carbon nanotubes as optical biomedical sensors Adv. Drug Deliv. Revi. 65 15 2013 1933 1950
233. C. Cao, J.H. Kim, D. Yoon, E.-S. Hwang, Y.-J. Kim, and S. Baik Optical detection of DNA hybridization using absorption spectra of single-walled carbon nanotubes Mater. Chem. Phys. 112 3 2008 738 741
234. S.K. Vashist, D. Zheng, K. Al-Rubeaan, J.H. Luong, and F.S. Sheu Advances in carbon nanotube based electrochemical sensors for bioanalytical applications Biotechnol. Adv. 29 2 2011 169 188
235. H.-F. Cui, S.K. Vashist, K. Al-Rubeaan, J.H. Luong, and F.-S. Sheu Interfacing carbon nanotubes with living mammalian cells and cytotoxicity issues Chem. Res. Toxicol. 23 7 2010 1131 1147
236. K. Bates, and K. Kostarelos Carbon nanotubes as vectors for gene therapy: past achievements, present challenges and future goals Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 65 15 2013 2023 2033
237. Y.P. Sun, K. Fu, Y. Lin, and W. Huang Funclionalized carbon nanotubes: properties and applications Acc. Chem. Res. 35 12 2002 1096 1104
238. X. Chen, C. Yuan, C. Wong, S. Koh, and G. Zhang Validation of forcefields in predicting the physical and thermophysical properties of emeraldine base polyaniline Mol. Simul. 37 12 2011 990 996
239. X. Chen, C. Yuan, C.K. Wong, and G. Zhang Molecular modeling of temperature dependence of solubility parameters for amorphous polymers J. Mol. Model. 18 6 2012 2333 2341
240. X. Chen, C.K. Wong, C.A. Yuan, and G. Zhang Impact of the functional group on the working range of polyaniline as carbon dioxide sensors Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 175 2012 15 21
241. X. Chen, C.K. Wong, C.A. Yuan, and G. Zhang Nanowire-based gas sensors Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 177 2013 178 195
242. X. Chen, C.A. Yuan, C.K. Wong, H. Ye, S.Y. Leung, and G. Zhang Molecular modeling of protonic acid doping of emeraldine base polyaniline for chemical sensors Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 174 2012 210 216
243. X. Chen, L. Shen, C.A. Yuan, C.K. Wong, and G. Zhang Molecular model for the charge carrier density dependence of conductivity of polyaniline as chemical sensing materials Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 177 2013 856 861
244. Y. Yan, M.B. Chan-Park, and Q. Zhang Advances in carbon-nanotube assembly Small 3 1 2007 24 42
245. Z. Zhu, L. Garcia-Gancedo, A.J. Flewitt, H. Xie, F. Moussy, and W.I. Milne A critical review of glucose biosensors based on carbon nanomaterials: carbon nanotubes and graphene Sensors 12 5 2012 5996 6022
246. W. Lu, M. Zu, J.H. Byun, B.S. Kim, and T.W. Chou State of the art of carbon nanotube fibers: opportunities and challenges Adv. Mater. 24 14 2012 1805 1833