Latitude, productivity and species richness

Global Ecology and Biogeography

Volumn 24, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 107-117

  Gillman, Len N ^a   Wright, Shane D ^b   Cusens, Jarrod ^a   Mcbride, Paul D ^a   Malhi, Yadvinder ^c   Whittaker, Robert J ^d,e  

^a AUCKLAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (New Zealand)

^b UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND   (New Zealand)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^d School of Geography and the Environment   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Competitive exclusion hypothesis; Energy richness hypothesis; Forests; Integrated evolutionary speed hypothesis; Latitudinal gradient; Net primary productivity; Plants; Species richness; Water energy dynamics

Indexed keywords

EID: 84913609123     PISSN: 1466822X     EISSN: 14668238     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/geb.12245     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Adler, P.B., Seabloom, E.W., Borer, E.T. etal. (2011) Productivity is a poor predictor of plant species richness. Science, 333, 1750-1753.
2. del Aguila-Pasquel, J., Doughty, C.E., Metcalfe, D.B., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Girardin, C.A.J., Gutierrez, J.A.C., Navarro-Aguilar, G.E., Quesada, C.A., Hidalgo, C.G., Huaymacari, J.M.R., Halladay, K., del Castillo Torres, D., Phillips, O. & Malhi, Y. (2014) The seasonal cycle of productivity, metabolism and carbon dynamics in a wet aseasonal forest in north-west Amazonia (Iquitos, Peru). Plant Ecology and Diversity, 7, 71-83.
3. Araujo-Murakami, A., Doughty, C.E., Metcalfe, D.B., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Arroyo, L., Heredia, J.P., Flores, M., Sibler, R., Mendizabal, L.M., Pardo-Toledo, E., Vega, M., Moreno, L., Rojas-Landivar, V.D., Halladay, K., Girardin, C.A.J., Killeen, T.J. & Malhi, Y. (2014) The productivity, allocation and cycling of carbon in forests at the dry margin of the Amazon forest in Bolivia. Plant Ecology and Diversity, 7, 55-69. doi: 10.1080/17550874.2013.798364.
4. Begon, M., Townsend, C.R. & Harper, J.L. (2005) Ecology: from individuals to ecosystems, 4th edn. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
5. Chave, J., Muller-Landau, H.C., Baker, T.R., Easdale, T.A., ter Steege, H. & Webb, C.O. (2006) Regional and phylogenetic variation of wood density across 2456 Neotropical tree species. Ecological Applications, 16, 2356-2367.
6. Clark, D.A., Brown, S., Kicklighter, D.W., Chambers, J.Q., Thomlinson, J.R. & Ni, J. (2001) Measuring net primary production in forests: concepts and field methods. Ecological Applications, 11, 356-370.
7. Coleman, B.D., Mares, M.A., Willig, M.R. & Hsieh, Y.H. (1982) Randomness, area, and species richness. Ecology, 63, 1121-1133.
8. da Costa, A.C.L., Metcalfe, D.B., Doughty, C.E., de Oliveira, A.A.R., Neto, G.F.C., da Costa, M.C., de Athaydes Silva Junior, J., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Almeid, S., Galbraith, D.R., Rowland, L.M., Meir, P. & Malhi, Y. (2014) Ecosystem respiration and net primary productivity after 8-10 years of experimental through-fall reduction in an eastern Amazon forest. Plant Ecology and Diversity, 7, 7-24. doi: 10.1080/17550874.2013.798366.
9. Cramer, W., Kicklighter, D.W., Bondeau, A., Iii, B.M., Churkina, G., Nemry, B., Ruimy, A. & Schloss, A.L. (1999) Comparing global models of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP): overview and key results. Global Change Biology, 5, 1-15.
10. Currie, D.J., Mittelbach, G.G., Cornell, H.V., Field, R., Guegan, J., Hawkins, B.A., Kaufman, D.M., Kerr, J.T., Oberdorff, T., O'Brien, E.M. & Turner, J.R.G. (2004) Predictions and tests of climate-based hypotheses of broad-scale variation in taxonomic richness. Ecology Letters, 7, 1121-1134.
11. Cusens, J., Wright, S.D., McBride, P.D. & Gillman, L.N. (2012) What is the form of the productivity-animal-species-richness relationship? A critical review and meta-analysis. Ecology, 93, 2241-2252.
12. Doughty, C.E., Metcalfe, D.B., da Costa, M.C., de Oliveira, A.A.R., Neto, G.F.C., Silva, J.A., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Almeida, S.A., Quesada, C.A., Girardin, C.A.J., Halladay, K., da Costa, A.C.L. & Malhi, Y. (2014) The production, allocation and cycling of carbon in a forest on fertile terra preta soil in eastern Amazonia compared with a forest on adjacent infertile soil. Plant Ecology & Diversity, 7, 41-53. doi: 10.1080/17550874.2013.798367.
13. Ellis, E.C., Antill, E.C. & Kreft, H. (2012) All is not loss: plant biodiversity in the Anthropocene. PLoS ONE, 7, e30535.
14. Gill, R.A. & Jackson, R.B. (2000) Global patterns of root turnover for terrestrial ecosystems. New Phytologist, 147, 13-31.
15. Gillman, L.N. (2008) Assessment of sustainable forest management in New Zealand indigenous forest. New Zealand Geographer, 64, 57-67.
16. Gillman, L.N. & Wright, S.D. (2006) The influence of productivity on the species richness of plants: a critical assessment. Ecology, 87, 1234-1243.
17. Gillman, L.N. & Wright, S.D. (2010) Mega mistakes in meta-analyses: devil in the detail. Ecology, 91, 2550-2552.
18. Gillman, L.N. & Wright, S.D. (2013) Patterns of evolutionary speed: in search of a causal mechanism. Diversity, 5, 811-823.
19. Gillman, L.N. & Wright, S.D. (2014) Species richness and evolutionary speed: the influence of temperature, water and area. Journal of Biogeography, 41, 39-51.
20. Girardin, C.A.J., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Malhi, Y., Huaraca Huasco, W., Metcalfe, D.B., Durand, L., Mamani, M., Silva-Espejo, J.E. & Whittaker, R.J. (2013) Fine root dynamics along an elevational gradient in tropical Amazonian and Andean forests. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 27, 252-264.
21. Grace, J.B., Adler, P.B., Harpole, W.S., Borer, E.T. & Seabloom, E.W. (2014) Causal networks clarify productivity-richness interactions, bivariate plots do not. Functional Ecology, 28, 787-798.
22. Grime, J.P. (1973) Competitive exclusion in herbaceous vegetation. Nature, 242, 344-347.
23. Grime, J.P. (1979) Plant strategies and vegetation processes. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester.
24. Hawkins, B.A., Field, R., Cornell, H.V., Currie, D.J., Guegan, J., Kaufman, D.M., Kerr, J.T., Mittelbach, G.G., Oberdorff, T., O'Brien, E.M., Porter, E.E. & Turner, J.R.G. (2003) Energy, water, and broad-scale geographic patterns of species richness. Ecology, 84, 3105-3117.
25. Hillebrand, H. (2004) On the generality of the latitudinal diversity gradient. The American Naturalist, 163, 192-211.
26. Huston, M.A. (1979) A general hypothesis of species diversity. The American Naturalist, 113, 81-101.
27. Huston, M.A. (2012) Precipitation, soils, NPP, and biodiversity: resurrection of Albrecht's curve. Ecological Monographs, 82, 277-296.
28. Huston, M.A. & Wolverton, S. (2009) The global distribution of net primary production: resolving the paradox. Ecological Monographs, 79, 343-377.
29. Hutchinson, G.E. (1959) Homage to Santa Rosalia or why are there so many kinds of animals? The American Naturalist, 93, 145-159.
30. IPCC (1996) Revised 1996 guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
31. Keeling, H.C. & Phillips, O.L. (2007) The global relationship between forest productivity and biomass. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 16, 618-631.
32. Kicklighter, D.W., Bondeau, A., Schloss, A.L., Kaduk, J. & McGuire, A.D. (1999) Comparing global models of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP): global pattern and differentiation by major biome. Global Change Biology, 5, 16-24.
33. Kreft, H. & Jetz, W. (2007) Global patterns and determinants of vascular plant diversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 104, 5925-5930.
34. Laanisto, L., Urbas, P. & Pärtel, M. (2008) Why does the unimodal species richness-productivity relationship not apply to woody species: a lack of clonality or a legacy of tropical evolutionary history? Global Ecology and Biogeography, 17, 320-326.
35. Leith, H. & Whittaker, R.H. (1975) Primary productivity of the biosphere. Springer-Verlag, New York.
36. Lomolino, M.V., Riddle, B.R., Whittaker, R.J. & Brown, J.H. (2010) Biogeography, 4th edn. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
37. Lorimer, C.G., Dahir, S.E. & Nordheim, E.V. (2001) Tree mortality rates and longevity in mature and old-growth hemlock-hardwood forests. Journal of Ecology, 89, 960-971.
38. Malhi, Y., Aragão, L.E.O., Metcalfe, D.B., Paiva, R., Quesada, C.A., Almeida, S., Anderson, L., Brando, P., Chambers, J.Q., da Costa, A.C.L., Hutyra, L., Oliveira, P., Patino, S., Pyle, E.H., Robertson, A.L. & Teixeira, L.M. (2009) Comprehensive assessment of carbon productivity, allocation and storage in three Amazonian forests. Global Change Biology, 15, 1255-1274.
39. Malhi, Y., Doughty, C. & Galbraith, D. (2011) The allocation of ecosystem net primary productivity in tropical forests. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 366, 3225-3245.
40. Malhi, Y., Amézquita, F.F., Doughty, C.E. etal. (2014) The productivity, metabolism and carbon cycle of two lowland tropical forest plots in south-western Amazonia, Peru. Plant Ecology and Diversity, 7, 85-105.
41. Metcalfe, D.B., Asner, G.P., Martin, R.E. etal. (2014) Herbivory makes major contributions to ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycling in tropical forests. Ecology Letters, 17, 324-332.
42. Mittelbach, G.G., Steiner, C.F., Scheiner, S.M., Gross, K.L., Reynolds, H.L., Waide, R.B., Willig, M.R., Dodson, S.I. & Gough, L. (2001) What is the observed relationship between species richness and productivity? Ecology, 82, 2381-2396.
43. Moles, A.T., Wright, I.J., Pitman, A.J., Murray, B.R. & Westoby, M. (2009) Is there a latitudinal gradient in seed production? Ecography, 32, 78-82.
44. Murtaugh, P.A. (2003) On detecting hump-shaped relationships in ecology: a bootstrap test for monotonicity. Environmetrics, 14, 611-616.
45. O'Brien, E.M. (2006) Biological relativity to water-energy dynamics. Journal of Biogeography, 33, 1868-1888.
46. O'Neill, R.V. & DeAngelis, D.L. (1981) Comparative productivity and biomass relations of forest ecosystems. Dynamic properties of forest ecosystems (ed. by D. Reichle ), pp. 411-449. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
47. Ogden, J. (1985) An introduction to plant demography with special reference to New Zealand trees. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 23, 751-772.
48. Ogden, J. & Stewart, G.H. (1995) Community dynamics of the New Zealand conifers. Ecology of the southern conifers (ed. by N.J. Enright and R.S. Hill ), pp. 81-119. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne.
49. Olson, R.J., Johnson, K.R., Zheng, D.L. & Scurlock, J.M.O. (2001a) Global and regional ecosystem modeling: databases of model drivers and validation measurements. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN.
50. Olson, R.J., Scurlock, J.M.O., Prince, S.D., Zhang, D.L. & Johnson, K.R. (2001b) NPP multi-biome: global primary production data initiative products. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN.
51. Pärtel, M., Laanisto, L. & Zobel, M. (2007) Contrasting plant productivity-diversity relationships across latitude: the role of evolutionary history. Ecology, 88, 1091-1097.
52. Pregitzer, K.S. & Euskirchen, E.S. (2004) Carbon cycling and storage in world forests: biome pattern related to forest age. Global Change Biology, 10, 2052-2077.
53. Rensch, B. (1959) Evolution above the species level. Methuen, London.
54. Rocha, W., Metcalfe, D.B., Doughty, C.E., Brando, P., Silvério, D., Halladay, K., Nepstad, D.C., Balch, J.K. & Malhi, Y. (2014) Ecosystem productivity and carbon cycling in intact and annually burnt forest at the dry southern limit of the Amazon rainforest (Mato Grosso, Brazil). Plant Ecology and Diversity, 7, 25-40.
55. Rohde, K. (1992) Latitudinal gradients in species diversity: the search for the primary cause. Oikos, 65, 514-527.
56. Rosenzweig, M.L. (1995) Species diversity in space and time. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
57. Ryan, M.G., Binkley, D. & Fownes, J.H. (1997) Age-related decline in forest productivity: pattern and process. Advances in Ecological Research, 27, 213-262.
58. Stephenson, N.L., Das, A.J., Condit, R. etal. (2014) Rate of tree carbon accumulation increases continuously with tree size. Nature, 507, 90-93.
59. Swenson, N.G. & Enquist, B.J. (2007) Ecological and evolutionary determinants of a key plant functional trait: wood density and its community-wide variation across latitude and elevation. American Journal of Botany, 94, 451-459.
60. Tilman, D. (1982) Resource competition and community structure. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
61. Tilman, D. & Pacala, S. (1993) The maintenance of species richness in plant communities. Species diversity in ecological communities: historical and geographical perspectives (ed. by R.E. Ricklefs and D. Schluter ), pp. 13-25. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
62. Westing, A.H. (1964) The longevity and aging of trees. The Gerontologist, 4, 10-15.
63. Whittaker, R.J. (2010) Meta-analyses and mega-mistakes: calling time on meta-analysis of the species richness-productivity relationship. Ecology, 91, 2522-2533.
64. Whittaker, R.J. & Heegaard, E. (2003) What is the observed relationship between species richness and productivity? Comment. Ecology, 84, 3384-3390.
65. Whittaker, R.J., Nogués-Bravo, D. & Araújo, M.B. (2007) Geographical gradients of species richness: a test of the water-energy conjecture of Hawkins etal. (2003) using European data for five taxa. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 16, 76-89.
66. Wright, D.H. (1983) Species-energy theory: an extension of species-area theory. Oikos, 41, 496-506.
67. Wright, D.H., Currie, D.J. & Maurer, B.D. (1993) Energy supply and patterns of species richness on local and regional scales. Species diversity in ecological communities (ed. by R.E. Ricklefs and D. Schluter ), pp. 66-74. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.