Predictors of US teachers’ intervention in anti-lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender bullying and harassment

Teaching Education

Volumn 25, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 410-426

  Greytak, Emily A ^a   Kosciw, Joseph G ^a  

^a Gay Lesbian and Straight Education Network (GLSEN)   (United States)

Author keywords

teacher education curriculum; teacher education policy; teacher thinking and knowledge

Indexed keywords

EID: 84912028476     PISSN: 10476210     EISSN: 14701286     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10476210.2014.920000     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Aibai. (2012). Report of the online survey on homophobic and trans-phobic bully at educational institutions. Beijing: Aibai Culture & Education Center.
2. Athanases, S. Z., & Larrabee, T. G. (2003). Toward a consistent stance in teaching for equity: Learning to advocate for lesbian- and gay-identified youth. Teaching and Teacher Education, 19, 237–261.10.1016/S0742-051X(02)00098-7
3. Bailey, N. J. (1996). Attitudes/feelings, knowledge, and anticipated professional behaviors of middle level teachers regarding homosexuality and gay and lesbian issues as they relate to middle level students (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO.
4. Ban, K. M. (2012). Latest Statements: New York, 11 december 2012 – Secretary-General’s remarks to special event on “Leadership in the Fight against Homophobia”. Retrieved from United Nations website http://www.un.org/sg/statements/index.asp?nid=6504
5. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavior change. Psychological Review, 84, 191–215.
6. Bandura, A. (1999). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 2, 21–41.10.1111/ajsp.1999.2.issue-1
7. Birkett, M. A., Espelage, D. L., & Stein, N. (2008, August). Have school anti-bullying programs overlooked homophobic bullying? Poster presented at the American Psychological Association Annual Convention, Boston, MA.
8. Bochenek, M., & Brown, A. W. (2001). Hatred in the hallways: Violence and discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender students in U.S. schools. New York, NY: The Human Rights Watch.
9. Bondyopadhyay, A., & Khan, S. (2005–2006). From the front line: A report of a study into the impact of social, legal and judicial impediments to sexual health promotion, care and support for males who have sex with males in Bangladesh and India. K. Mulji (Ed.). London: Naz Foundation International.
10. Bontempo, D. E., & D’Augelli, A. R. (2002). Effects of at-school victimization and sexual orientation on lesbian, gay, or bisexual youths’ health risk behavior. Journal of Adolescent Health, 30, 364–374.10.1016/S1054-139X(01)00415-3
11. D’Augelli, A. R., Pilkington, N. W., & Hershberger, S. L. (2002). Incidence and mental health impact of sexual orientation victimization of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths in high school. School Psychology Quarterly, 17, 148–167.10.1521/scpq.17.2.148.20854
12. Diaz, E. M., Kosciw, J. G., & Greytak, E. A. (2010). School connectedness for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth: In-school victimization and institutional supports. The Prevention Researcher, 17, 15–17.
13. Felner, R. D., Ginter, M., & Primavera, J. (1982). Primary prevention during school transitions: Social support and environmental structure. American Journal of Community Psychology, 10, 277–290.10.1007/BF00896495
14. Ferfolja, T., & Robinson, K. H. (2004). Why anti-homophobia education in teacher education? Perspectives from Australian teacher educators. Teaching Education, 15, 9–25.10.1080/1047621042000179961
15. GLSEN & Harris Interactive. (2008). The principal’s perspective: School safety, bullying and harassment, a survey of public school principals. New York, NY: Author.
16. Goldstein, T., Collins, A., & Halder, M. (2008). Anti-homophobia education in public schooling: A Canadian case study of policy implementation. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 19, 47–66.
17. Goodenow, C., Szalacha, L., & Westheimer, K. (2006). School support groups, other school factors, and the safety of sexual minority adolescents. Psychology in the Schools, 43, 573–589.10.1002/(ISSN)1520-6807
18. Greytak, E. A., Kosciw, J. G., & Boesen, M. J. (2013). Educating the educator: Creating supportive school personnel through professional development. Journal of School Violence, 12, 80–97.10.1080/15388220.2012.731586
19. Guasp, A. (2009). The teachers' report: Homophobic bullying in Britain's schools. London: Stonewall & Education for All.
20. Guasp, A. (2012). The school report: The experiences of gay young people in Britain’s schools in 2012. Cambridge: Stonewall Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge.
21. Harris Interactive & GLSEN. (2005). From teasing to torment: School climate in America, a survey of students and teachers. New York, NY: Author.
22. Henrickson, M. (2007). “You have to be strong to be gay”: Bullying and educational attainment in LGB New Zealanders. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 19, 67–85.
23. Herek, G. M., & Capitanio, J. P. (1996). “Some of my best friends”: Intergroup contact, concealable stigma, and heterosexuals’ attitudes toward gay men and lesbians. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 412–424.10.1177/0146167296224007
24. Hillier, L., Jones, T., Monagle, M., Overton, N., Gahan, L., Blackman, J., & Mitchell, A. (2010). Writing themselves in 3: The third national study on the sexual health and well-being of same-sex attracted and gender questioning young people. Melbourne: Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University.
25. Howard, N. M., Horne, A. M., & Jolliff, D. (2001). Self-efficacy in a new training model for the prevention of bullying in schools. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 2, 181–191.10.1300/J135v02n02_11
26. Jones, T. M., & Hillier, L. (2012). Sexuality education school policy for Australian GLBTIQ students. Sex Education, 12, 437–454.
27. King, M. E., Winter, S., & Webster, B. (2009). Contact reduces transprejudice: A study on attitudes towards transgenderism and transgender civil rights in Hong Kong. International Journal of Sexual Health, 21, 17–34.10.1080/19317610802434609
28. Kosciw, J. G., Greytak, E. A., Boesen, M. J., & Palmer, N. A. (2012). The 2011 National school climate survey: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth in our nation’s schools. New York, NY: Author.
29. Kosciw, J. G., Greytak, E. A., & Diaz, E. M. (2009). Who, what, where, when, and why: Demographic and ecological factors contributing to hostile school climate for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38, 976–988.10.1007/s10964-009-9412-1
30. Kosciw, J. G., Palmer, N. A., Kull, R. M., & Greytak, E. A. (2013). The effect of negative school climate on academic outcomes for LGBT youth and the role of in-school supports. Journal of School Violence, 12, 45–63.10.1080/15388220.2012.732546
31. Lee, B., Dennell, L., & Logan, C. (2012). Life in Scotland for LGBT young people: Education report. Glasgow: LGBT Youth Scotland.
32. Lin, W. S., & Wilson, J. T. (1998). Science teachers’ intentions to teach about HIV/AIDS. Procedures of National Science Council, 8, 77–85.
33. Mayock P., Bryan, A., Carr, N., & Kitching, K. (2009). Supporting LGBT lives: A study of the mental health and well-being of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people. Dublin: Gay and Lesbian Equality Network (GLEN); BeLonG To Youth Service.
34. McCabe, P. C., & Rubinson, F. (2008). Committing to social justice: The behavioral intention of school psychology and education trainees to advocate for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered youth. School Psychology Review, 37, 469–486.
35. McGarry, R. A. (2008). Troubling teachable moments: Initiating teacher discourse on classroom homophobic speech (Unpublished dissertation), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
36. McGuire, J. K., Anderson, C. R., Toomey, R. B., & Russell, S. T. (2010). School climate for transgender youth: A mixed method investigation of student experiences and school responses. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39, 1175–1188.10.1007/s10964-010-9540-7
37. Meyer, E. J. (2008). Gendered harassment in secondary schools: Understanding teachers’ (non) interventions. Gender and Education, 20, 555–570.10.1080/09540250802213115
38. Meyer, H. A., Astor, R. A., & Behre, W. J. (2004). Teachers’ reasoning about school fights, contexts, and gender: An expanded cognitive developmental domain approach. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 9, 45–74.10.1016/S1359-1789(02)00115-5
39. Mikulsky, J. (2005). Investigating the relationship between “school climate,” school-related outcomes and academic self-concept for Australian, secondary school-aged, same-sex attraced youth (SSAY). Paper presented at the Australian Association for Research in Education Conference, Sydney, Australia.
40. Milson, A. J., & Mehlig, L. M. (2002). Elementary school teachers’ sense of efficacy for character education. The Journal of Educational Research, 96, 47–53.10.1080/00220670209598790
41. Minton, S. J., Dahl, T., O’Moore, A. M., & Tuck, D. (2008). An exploratory survey of the experiences of homophobic bullying among lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered young people in Ireland. Irish Educational Studies, 27, 177–191.10.1080/03323310802021961
42. Morrow, R. G., & Gill, D. L. (2003). Perceptions of homophobia and heterosexism in physical education. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 74, 205–214.10.1080/02701367.2003.10609082
43. Mudrey-Camino, R., & Medina-Adams, A. (2006). Attitudes, perceptions, and knowledge of pre-service teachers regarding the educational isolation of sexual minority youth. Journal of Homosexuality, 51, 63–90.10.1300/J082v51n04_04
44. Murdock, T. B., & Bolch, M. B. (2005). Risk and protective factors for poor school adjustment in lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) high school youth: Variable and person-centered analyses. Psychology in the Schools, 42, 159–172.10.1002/(ISSN)1520-6807
45. Nesdale, D., & Pickering, K. (2006). Teachers’ reactions to children’s aggression. Social Development, 15, 109–127.10.1111/sode.2006.15.issue-1
46. Newman-Carlson, D., & Horne, A. M. (2004). Bully Busters: A psychoeducational intervention for reducing bullying behavior in middle school students. Journal of Counseling and Development, 82, 259–267.10.1002/j.1556-6678.2004.tb00309.x
47. Norman, J. (2004). Survey of teachers on homophobic bullying in Irish second-level school. Dublin: Dublin City University.
48. Norman, J., & Galvin, M. (2006). Straight talk: An investigation of attitudes and experiences of homophobic bullying in second-level schools. Dublin: Dublin City University.
49. Ollis, D. (2010). “I haven’t changed bigots but …”: Reflections on the impact of teacher professional learning in sexuality education. Sex Education, 10, 217–230.10.1080/14681811003666523
50. Payne, E., & Smith, M. (2012). Rethinking safe schools approaches for LGBTQ students: Changing the questions we ask. Multicultural Perspectives, 14, 187–193.10.1080/15210960.2012.725293
51. Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 751–783.
52. Pizmony-Levy, O., Kama, A., Shilo, G., & Lavee, S. (2008). Do my teachers care I’m gay? Israeli lesbigay school students’ experiences at their schools. Journal of LGBT Youth, 5, 33–61.10.1080/19361650802092408
53. Plöderl, M., Faistauer, G., & Fartacek, R. (2008). The contribution of school to the feeling of acceptance and the risk of suicide attempts among Austrian gay and bisexual males. Journal of Homosexuality, 57, 819–841.
54. Puchner, L., & Klein, N. A. (2011). The right time and place? Middle school language arts teachers talk about not talking about sexual orientation. Equity & Excellence in Education, 44, 233–248.
55. Reddy, R., Rhodes, J. E., & Mulhall, P. (2003). The influence of teacher support on student adjustment in the middle school years: A latent growth curve study. Development and Psychopathology, 15, 119–138.10.1017/S0954579403000075
56. Rivers, I., & Cowie, H. (2006). Bullying and homophobia in UK schools: Perspective on factors affecting resilience and recovery. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Issues in Education, 3, 11–43.
57. Robinson, K. H., & Ferfolja, T. (2008). Playing it up, playing it down, playing it safe: Queering teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 24, 846–858.10.1016/j.tate.2007.11.004
58. Robinson, K. H., Ferfolja, T., & Goldstein, T. (2004). Editorial. Teaching Education, 15, 3–8.10.1080/1047621042000179952
59. Russell, S. T., Seif, H., & Truong, N. L. (2001). School outcomes of sexual minority youth in the United States: Evidence from a national study. Journal of Adolescence, 24, 111–127.10.1006/jado.2000.0365
60. Ryan, R. M., Stiller, J. D., & Lynch, J. H. (1994). Representations of relationships to teachers, parents, and friends as predictors of academic motivation and self-esteem. Journal of Early Adolescence, 14, 226–249.10.1177/027243169401400207
61. Rye, B. J., Elmslie, P., & Chalmers, A. (2007). Meeting a transsexual person: Experience within a classroom setting. Canadian On-Line Journal of Queer Studies in Education, 3 (1).
62. Schneider, M. S., & Dimito, A. (2008). Educators’ beliefs about raising lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender issues in the schools: The experience in Ontario, Canada. Journal of LGBT Youth, 5, 49–71.10.1080/19361650802223003
63. Sears, J. T. (1992). Educators, homosexuality, and homosexual students: Are personal feelings related to professional beliefs? In K. M. Harbeck (Ed.), Coming out of the classroom closet: Gay and lesbian students, teachers, and curricula (pp. 29–79). Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Press.
64. Slater, E. (2011). Predicting teachers’ awareness of and interventions in classroom episodes of gender based bullying: Individual and systems factors (Doctor of Psychology dissertation). University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY. Retrieved from http://gradworks.umi.com/3466758.pdf
65. Smith, G. W. (1998). The ideology of ‘fag’: The school experience of gay students. The Sociological Quarterly, 39, 309–335.10.1111/tsq.1998.39.issue-2
66. Smith, R. (n.d.). Cruel school. DS Magazine. Retrieved from http://dimsum-hk.com/en/features/cruel-school/
67. Taylor, C., & Peter, T. (2011). Youth speak out about homophobia and transphobia: A final report on the first national climate survey on homophobia in Canadian schools. Toronto: Egale Canada Human Rights Trust.
68. Taylor, C., Peter, T., McMinn, T. L., Elliott, T., Beldom, S., Ferry, A.,.. Schachter, K. (2011). Every class in every school: The first national climate survey on homophobia, biphobia, and transphobia in Canadian schools. (Final report). Toronto, ON: Egale Canada Human Rights Trust.
69. UNESCO. (2012a). Education sector responses to homophobic bullying. Paris: Author.
70. UNESCO. (2012b). Review of homophobic bullying in educational institutions. Paris: Author.
71. Walton, G. (2006). H-cubed: A primer on bullying and sexuality diversity for educators. Professional Development Perspectives, 6, 13–20.
72. Walton, G. (2011). Spinning our wheels: Reconceptualizing bullying beyond behaviour-focused approaches. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 32, 131–144.
73. Warwick, I., Chase, E., & Aggleton, P. (2004). Homophobia, sexual orientation and schools: A review and implications for action. London: Institute of Education, University of London.
74. Whitman, J. S., Horn, S., & Boyd, C. J. (2007). Activism in the schools: Providing LGBTQ affirmative training to school counselors. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Psychotherapy, 11, 143–154.10.1300/J236v11n03_08
75. Williams, T., Connolly, J., Pepler, D., & Craig, W. (2005). Peer victimization, social support, and psychosocial adjustment of sexual minority adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34, 471–482.10.1007/s10964-005-7264-x
76. Wyatt, T. J., Oswalt, S. B., White, C., & Peterson, F. L. (2008). Are tomorrow’s teachers ready to deal with diverse students? Teacher candidates’ attitudes toward gay men and lesbians. Teacher Education Quarterly, 2, 171–185.
77. Yoon, J. S. (2004). Predicting teacher interventions in bullying situations. Education and Treatment of Children, 27, 37–45.